{"pageNumber":"4381","pageRowStart":"109500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165855,"records":[{"id":5222123,"text":"5222123 - 1986 - Mercury, cadmium, lead, and selenium in three waterbird species nesting in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T12:12:23.244553","indexId":"5222123","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury, cadmium, lead, and selenium in three waterbird species nesting in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"Heavy metal and selenium concentrations were determined in Olivaceous Cormorants (Phalacrocorax olivaceus ), Laughing gulls (Larus atricilla ), and Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger ) nesting in Galveston Bay, Texas, during 1980-81.  Lead was detected at low levels in a small proportion of the liver samples.  Mercury was present in all livers sampled, the highest levels being found in cormorants (7.8 ppm) and skimmers (16 ppm).  Concentrations were considerably lower than those reported in birds from mercury-contaminated lakes in northern United States and Canada.  Cadmium and selenium were detected in 93 and 95% of the kidneys. Cadmium was highest in gulls and skimmers with a maximum value of 16 ppm.  Selenium levels were similar among species except for higher concentrations in gulls collected in 1981.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521147","usgsCitation":"King, K.A., and Cromartie, E., 1986, Mercury, cadmium, lead, and selenium in three waterbird species nesting in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 9, no. 1, p. 90-94, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521147.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Galveston Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.45415282330248,\n              30.003217088007062\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.45415282330248,\n              28.93195455732524\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.26762938580276,\n              28.93195455732524\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.26762938580276,\n              30.003217088007062\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.45415282330248,\n              30.003217088007062\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624dd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Kirk A.","contributorId":9203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cromartie, E.","contributorId":13926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromartie","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222111,"text":"5222111 - 1986 - Analysis of cyanide in whole blood of dosed cathartids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T16:26:20.455693","indexId":"5222111","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of cyanide in whole blood of dosed cathartids","docAbstract":"<p><span>A gas-liquid chromatographic method was modified to quantify both unmetabolized (“free”) and metabolized (“bound”, i.e., thiocyanates) cyanides. The methods for both are efficient and sensitive to 0.05 ppm. Repeated freezing and thawing of whole blood from treated cathartids caused an initial increase in free cyanide concentrations, followed by a gradual decline to a plateau. Bound cyanide concentrations declined after repeated freezing and thawing.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620050902","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Krynitsky, A.J., Wiemeyer, S.N., Hill, E.F., and Carpenter, J.W., 1986, Analysis of cyanide in whole blood of dosed cathartids: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 5, no. 9, p. 787-789, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620050902.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"787","endPage":"789","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68062b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222110,"text":"5222110 - 1986 - Canine parvovirus infection in wolves (Canis lupus) from Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T00:19:04.055299","indexId":"5222110","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Canine parvovirus infection in wolves (Canis lupus) from Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-22.1.104","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., Goyal, S., Bota, C., and Seal, U., 1986, Canine parvovirus infection in wolves (Canis lupus) from Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 22, no. 1, p. 104-106, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-22.1.104.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480123,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-22.1.104","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6c95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goyal, S.M.","contributorId":83223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goyal","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bota, C.N.","contributorId":28700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bota","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222109,"text":"5222109 - 1986 - Hatching success of Caspian terns nesting in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T12:14:58.100424","indexId":"5222109","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hatching success of Caspian terns nesting in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"The average clutch size of Caspian Terns nesting in a colony in the Lower Laguna Madre near Laguna Vista, Texas, USA in 1984 was 1.9 eggs per nest. Using the Mayfield method for calculating success, one egg hatched in 84.1% of the nests and 69.8% of the eggs laid hatched. These hatching estimates are as high or higher than estimates from colonies in other areas.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521146","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, C.A., and Custer, T., 1986, Hatching success of Caspian terns nesting in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas, USA: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 9, no. 1, p. 86-89, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521146.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lower Laguna Madre","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.65558446254087,\n              27.0435473780191\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.65558446254087,\n              26.011450978173045\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.0485898336349,\n              26.011450978173045\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.0485898336349,\n              27.0435473780191\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.65558446254087,\n              27.0435473780191\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62daf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, C. A.","contributorId":54543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222106,"text":"5222106 - 1986 - On the use of enumeration estimators for interspecific comparisons with comments on a 'trappability' estimator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T11:28:11.906173","indexId":"5222106","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the use of enumeration estimators for interspecific comparisons with comments on a 'trappability' estimator","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1381295","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., 1986, On the use of enumeration estimators for interspecific comparisons with comments on a 'trappability' estimator: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 67, no. 3, p. 590-593, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381295.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"590","endPage":"593","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691a5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221499,"text":"5221499 - 1986 - Sources of variation in extinction rates, turnover, and diversity of marine invertebrate families during the Paleozoic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-06T13:41:30.624384","indexId":"5221499","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variation in extinction rates, turnover, and diversity of marine invertebrate families during the Paleozoic","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>We have recently shown how capture-recapture models can be used in conjunction with stratigraphic range data to estimate taxonomic extinction rates and taxonomic diversity. Here we present a new method that can be used to estimate taxonomic turnover (defined here as the proportion of taxa extant at time<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">i</span>, that originated in the interval<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">i</span><span>&nbsp;</span>– 1 to<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">i</span>). We used these methods in conjunction with stratigraphic range data for families in five phyla of Paleozoic marine invertebrates. We estimated fossil encounter probabilities, extinction rates, diversity, and turnover and used these estimates to test hypotheses about variation among phyla and geologic series. Encounter probabilities varied among taxa and showed evidence of a decrease over time for the geologic series examined. The number of families varied substantially among the five phyla and showed some evidence of an increase over the series examined. There was no evidence of variation in extinction probabilities among the phyla. Although there was evidence of temporal variation in extinction probabilities within phyla, there was no evidence of a linear decrease in extinction probabilities over time, as has been reported by others. We did find evidence of high extinction probabilities for the two intervals that had been identified by others as periods of mass extinction. We found no evidence of variation in turnover among the five phyla. There was evidence of temporal variation in turnover, with greater turnover occurring in the older series.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0094837300003146","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Morris, R., Brownie, C., and Pollock, K.H., 1986, Sources of variation in extinction rates, turnover, and diversity of marine invertebrate families during the Paleozoic: Paleobiology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 421-432, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300003146.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e75eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, R.W.","contributorId":34577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223514,"text":"5223514 - 1986 - [Book review] Utah birds: Geographic distribution and systematics, by W.H. Behle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-18T17:16:15","indexId":"5223514","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3778,"text":"Wildlife Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Utah birds: Geographic distribution and systematics, by W.H. Behle","docAbstract":"Review of: Behle, William H. 1985. Utah Birds: Geographic Distribution and Systematics. Occasional Publication No. 5, Utah Museum of Natural History, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 147 pp.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., 1986, [Book review] Utah birds: Geographic distribution and systematics, by W.H. Behle: Wildlife Review, v. 201, p. 537-538.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"538","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"201","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47b6e4b07f02db4a022d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223513,"text":"5223513 - 1986 - Subspecies of the greater scaup and their names","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5223513","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subspecies of the greater scaup and their names","docAbstract":"The name Fuligula mariloides Vigors, presently used by many authors for a subspecies of the Greater Scaup, Aythya marila, was originally proposed for the Lesser Scaup, A. afinis, and may not be used in combination with the name marila. The name mariloides has been applied to a population of Greater Scaup in Kamchatka and the Commander Islands, supposedly distinguished by small size and dark dorsal color, or for that population and the one in North America, otherwise known as A. m. nearctica. Evidence for a subspecifically distinct population in eastern Asia is lacking, and A. marila is best considered to consist of only the Eurasian A. m. marila and the American A. m. nearctica. There is some interchange of the two subspecies in migration. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., 1986, Subspecies of the greater scaup and their names: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 98, no. 3, p. 433-444.","productDescription":"433-444","startPage":"433","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17689,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v098n03/p0433-p0444.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223512,"text":"5223512 - 1986 - A taxonomic reevaluation of the plain pigeon (<i>Columba inornata</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T10:19:37","indexId":"5223512","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A taxonomic reevaluation of the plain pigeon (<i>Columba inornata</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>Three subspecies of the Plain Pigeon (<i>Columba inornata</i>) were described in 1915 from very small samples, and the diagnostic color differences among them were rather minor. Examination of the small series (including two types) of the subspecies in the National Museum of Natural History (USNM) revealed that the quality of most of the material available in 1915 was poor and suggested that the supposedly distinctive characters were not consistent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., 1986, A taxonomic reevaluation of the plain pigeon (<i>Columba inornata</i>): The Auk, v. 103, no. 3, p. 629-631.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"631","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17690,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087142 "}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5c3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222163,"text":"5222163 - 1986 - Effects of environmental contaminants on snapping turtles of a tidal wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T12:04:40","indexId":"5222163","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of environmental contaminants on snapping turtles of a tidal wetland","docAbstract":"<p>Snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) were collected from a brackish-water and a nearly freshwater area in the contaminated Hackensack Meadowlands of New Jersey and an uncontaminated freshwater area in Maryland to determine the effects of environmental contaminants on a resident wetland species. No turtles were observed or caught in the Meadowlands at two trapping sites that were the most heavily contaminated by metals. Snapping turtles from the brackish-water area had an unusually low lipid content of body fat and reduced growth compared to turtles from the fresh-water areas in New Jersey and Maryland. Despite the serious metal contamination of the Hackensack Meadowlands, the metal content of kidneys and livers from New Jersey turtles was low and not greatly different from that of the Maryland turtles. Organochlorine pesticide concentrations in body fat were generally low at all three study areas. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations in fat were highest in male turtles from the New Jersey brackish-water area. Analysis of blood for amino-levulinic acid dehydratase, albumin, glucose, hemoglobin, osmolality, packed cell volume, total protein, triglycerides, and uric acid failed to reveal any differences among groups that would indicate physiological impairment related to contaminants.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055247","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., Sileo, L., and Mulhern, B., 1986, Effects of environmental contaminants on snapping turtles of a tidal wetland: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 39-49, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055247.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New 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,{"id":5222159,"text":"5222159 - 1986 - Constant-parameter capture-recapture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:46:01.155272","indexId":"5222159","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constant-parameter capture-recapture models","docAbstract":"Jolly (1982, Biometrics 38, 301-321) presented modifications of the Jolly-Seber model for capture-recapture data, which assume constant survival and/or capture rates. Where appropriate, because of the reduced number of parameters, these models lead to more efficient estimators than the Jolly-Seber model. The tests to compare models given by Jolly do not make complete use of the data, and we present here the appropriate modifications, and also indicate how to carry out goodness-of-fit tests which utilize individual capture history information. We also describe analogous models for the case where young and adult animals are tagged. The availability of computer programs to perform the analysis is noted, and examples are given using output from these programs.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2531206","usgsCitation":"Brownie, C., Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 1986, Constant-parameter capture-recapture models: Biometrics, v. 42, no. 3, p. 561-574, https://doi.org/10.2307/2531206.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"574","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221504,"text":"5221504 - 1986 - Lead concentrations in bullfrog Rana catesbeiana and green frog R. clamitans tadpoles inhabiting highway drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:41","indexId":"5221504","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1556,"text":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead concentrations in bullfrog Rana catesbeiana and green frog R. clamitans tadpoles inhabiting highway drainages","docAbstract":"Lead concentrations were determined in sediment and tadpoles of bullfrogs Rana catesbeiana and green frogs R. clamitans from drainages along highways with different daily average traffic volumes (range, 4272 to I08,800 vehicles day-I) and from ponds >0.4 km from the nearest highway. Lead concentrations (mg kg--I dry weight) in sediment (7-8 to 940) were usually greater (4-5 times) than those in the tadpoles (bullfrog, 0,07 to 270; green frog, 0,90 to 240 mg kg-I). Lead concentrations in sediment (r =0.63) and in both species of tadpoles (bullfrog, r = 0.69; green frog, r = 0.57) were positively correlated with average daily traffic volume. Lead concentrations in both species of tadpoles (bullfrog, r = (). 76: green frog, r = 0.75) were also positively correlated with lead concentrations in sediment.  At sites where both bullfrog and green frog tadpoles were collected. lead concentrations in the two species were closely related (r = 0.84). Lead concentrations in tadpoles living near highways may contribute to the elevated lead levels reported in wildlife that are potential tadpole predators. Dietary lead concentrations similar to those in our tadpoles have been associated with physiological and reproductive effects in some species of birds and mammals. However, additional data are needed to determine the hazards to predators of lead concentrations in tadpoles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90098-X","usgsCitation":"Birdsall, C., Grue, C., and Anderson, A., 1986, Lead concentrations in bullfrog Rana catesbeiana and green frog R. clamitans tadpoles inhabiting highway drainages: Environmental Pollution (Series A), v. 40, no. 3, p. 233-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90098-X.","productDescription":"233-247","startPage":"233","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17692,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90098-X","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birdsall, C.W.","contributorId":19254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdsall","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, A.","contributorId":43727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222161,"text":"5222161 - 1986 - Demography, environmental uncertainty, and the evolution of mate desertion in the snail kite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:03:30.339162","indexId":"5222161","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography, environmental uncertainty, and the evolution of mate desertion in the snail kite","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis), an endangered hawk, has a unique mating system in Florida (Beissinger and Snyder 1987): when food is abundant, males or females desert their mates at nearly equal frequency (ambisexual mate desertion) in the midst of a nesting cycle. I examined the demographic and environmental constraints selecting for a clutch size that permits one parent to desert, yet optimizes the number of offspring produced by each parent. Demographic studies, conducted from 1979—1983, indicated that kites have (1) a very high nest failure rate (° = 68%) due most often to unstable nest sites and predation, (2) a variable nesting season (5—10 mo/yr), (3) an early age of first reproduction for a bird this size (10 mo), (4) a high degree of iteroparity (double and potentially triple clutching within a season), and (5) unstable populations. Both nesting success and population size were directly related to Everglades water levels and resultant snail densities. Kites responded to large annual changes in food abundance, not by adjusting clutch size but by deserting their mates and presumably attempting to renest. Kite demographic traits appear to be adaptations to or results of an uncertain environment. Based on 67 yr of Everglades water levels, environmental predictability, measured by spectral analysis and Colwell's (1974) index, was low and influenced by water management regimes: (1) water levels were lowered, (2) annual variation in levels increased and annual cycles became stronger, (3) the period length of long—term drought—flood cycles shifted from 10 or more yr toward 5 yr, and (4) levels became a less predictive cue for favorable nesting conditions. A potential evolutionary pathway from biparental care to mate desertion in Snail Kites is proposed. It is unlikely that mate desertion evolved solely from a context of conflict between the sexes, because kite nesting success is so low that it is probably maladaptive for a parent to desert and jeopardize the survival of any of its first brood. Instead, mate desertion behavior probably evolved in response to a smaller average clutch size; this would allow females to be highly iteroparous and avoid the costs of overinvestment, and should be strongly favored in a highly uncertain environment. Analysis of clutches in museum collections suggests that an apparent decline in clutch size may have occurred in Florida during the past century. The potential for ambisexual mate desertion to occur in other vertebrates is during the past century. The potential for ambisexual mate desertion to occur in other vertebrates is examined.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1939076","usgsCitation":"Beissinger, S., 1986, Demography, environmental uncertainty, and the evolution of mate desertion in the snail kite: Ecology, v. 67, no. 6, p. 1445-1459, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939076.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1445","endPage":"1459","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beissinger, Steven","contributorId":176118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beissinger","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222150,"text":"5222150 - 1986 - Mid-winter food use and body weights of mallards and wood ducks in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T13:30:19","indexId":"5222150","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-winter food use and body weights of mallards and wood ducks in Mississippi","docAbstract":"We obtained esophageal food samples from 311 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and 94 wood ducks (Aix sponsa) and body weights from 2,118 mallards and 315 wood ducks in western Mississippi during December and January 1979-83. On average, mallards ingested 3.0% animal food, principally aquatic invertebrates, and 97.0% plant food. Rice, soybeans, and seeds of 'moist soil' plants provided 41.3, 41.6, and 10-11% of the total food intake. Wood ducks ingested nearly 100% plant food, of which 23.4% was soybeans and 74.3% was acorns from Nuttall (Quercus nuttallii), water (Q. nigra), and willow oaks (Q. phellos). Mallard food use varied with water conditions; the use of rice decreased and soybeans increased during 1980-81 when cumulative November-January precipitation was < 50% of normal. Wood duck food use varied with habitat; the diet included more acorns at sites having larger acreages of intact bottomland hardwood forest. Mallard and wood duck body weights varied within and among winters. Mallard weights decreased by about 2% from December to January each year. We considered this a regulated loss, whereas we attributed increases and decreases of 4-5% in average weights during wet and dry winters to changes in feeding opportunities associated with winter precipitation. Wood duck weights followed similar trends. We concluded that continued drainage in the Mississippi Delta will adversely affect waterfowl foraging opportunities, and that research on winter feeding ecology will progress more rapidly if we develop an understanding of the foraging efficiencies associated with alternate food resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3801486","usgsCitation":"Delnicki, D., and Reinecke, K.J., 1986, Mid-winter food use and body weights of mallards and wood ducks in Mississippi: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 43-51, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801486.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research 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 \"}}]}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f2e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delnicki, Don","contributorId":23651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delnicki","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222153,"text":"5222153 - 1986 - Reproductive success and heavy metal contamination in Rhode Island common terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-24T13:28:02","indexId":"5222153","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1556,"text":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive success and heavy metal contamination in Rhode Island common terns","docAbstract":"Common tern cIutch size, reproductive success and growth of young recorded from an abandoned barge on the Providence River, an area of heavy metal contamination, were equal to, or greater than, .from less contaminated areas. Concentrations of copper and zinc were higher in livers of nestling terns from the Providence River than from other, less contaminated, areas. However, concentrations of magnesium, manganese, and iron and the frequency of nickel were equal, or lower, at Providence than other, less contaminated, locations. Among-colony trends in residues of copper, zinc and nickel in prey samples were similar to trends .found in nestling livers. Uric acid concentrations in nestling blood were twice as high in the Providence River than another colony and may have resulted from moderate levels of chromium in the diet.","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90105-4","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Franson, J.C., Moore, J.F., and Myers, J., 1986, Reproductive success and heavy metal contamination in Rhode Island common terns: Environmental Pollution (Series A), v. 41, no. 1, p. 33-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90105-4.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, John F.","contributorId":30185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Myers, J.E.","contributorId":92770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223557,"text":"5223557 - 1986 - A summary of alcid records from Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T12:22:56.933549","indexId":"5223557","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A summary of alcid records from Hawaii","docAbstract":"Abstract.-Four species of alcids have now been recorded frorn Hawaii. Two of them, the Tufted Puffin (Fratercula cirrhata and the Cassin's Auklet (Ptychoramchus aleuticus) have been found only once; the occurrence of the latter is reported here for the first time. two other alcids, the Horned Puffin (Fratercula arctica) and the Parakeet .Auklet (Cyclorrhynchus psittacula) have been recorded frorn Hawaii in greater numbers; the latter may be of regular occurrence in subtropical waters near the northwestern portion of the Hawaiian archipelago. Occurrence in Hawaii does not appear to be strongly related to size of populations to the north but instead to the extent to which the species are known  to disperse.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521149","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1986, A summary of alcid records from Hawaii: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 9, no. 1, p. 104-107, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521149.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":5224870,"text":"5224870 - 1986 - Use of an inactivated eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine in cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224870","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":704,"text":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of an inactivated eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine in cranes","docAbstract":"An unprecedented outbreak of fatal eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus occurred during the late summer and fall of 1984 in endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland.  As part of efforts to prevent future epizootics of EEE. studies were conducted to evaluate the antibody response of cranes following vaccination with a formalin-inactivated EEE virus vaccine.     Viral specific neutralizing antibody was elicited in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) and whooping cranes following 1M inoculation with the vaccine.  Among the 1M-inoculated cranes, peak antibody titers of 1:80 on days 30 to 60 had waned to undetectable levels by days 90 to 120.  Although the initial titers were not increased by the first booster dose, the duration of the antibody was extended considerably.  Whooping cranes, receiving vaccine 6 months after their first vaccination, developed titers of 1:80 to 1:320 by day 30.  At 45 days after the final vaccination, these titers had dropped to 1:10 to 1:160.  Cranes with preexisting EEE virus antibody, apparently reflecting natural infection, exhibited an anamnestic response indicated by a rapid increase and sustained high antibody titer.  Even though EEE virus vaccine induced neutralizing antibody and produced no adverse side effects, further studies will be required to assess the significance of this response as a strategy for protecting whooping cranes against natural EEE virus infection.     The loss of captive whooping cranes to the EEE virus presented a previously unrecognized risk and obstacle to recovery of this species.  Not only was, there a setback in the captive breeding and reintroduction program for the whooping crane, but, because of the susceptibility of the species to the EEE virus. establishment of additional crane populations may be more complicated than initially envisioned.  However, through continued surveillance, serological monitoring, and vaccination activities, we are confident that the impact of EEE virus on whooping crane recovery can be overcome to the ultimate benefit of this endangered species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Edited by M.S. Silberman and Suzanne D. Silberman  6931_Carpenter.pdf","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, J.W., Dein, F., Clark, G., Watts, D., and Crabbs, C., 1986, Use of an inactivated eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine in cranes: American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings, v. 1986.","productDescription":"88 (abstract)","startPage":"88 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1986","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dein, F. J.","contributorId":97030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, G.G.","contributorId":68275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watts, D.M.","contributorId":72886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crabbs, C.L.","contributorId":51265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabbs","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223558,"text":"5223558 - 1986 - Range extension for the gray-backed tern in the western Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T12:16:25.301724","indexId":"5223558","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range extension for the gray-backed tern in the western Pacific","docAbstract":"About 75 pairs of Gray-backed Terns (Sterna lunata) nested on Guguan in the Northern Mariana Islands in 1979. This locality represents a breeding range extension of about 2000 km to the west of the westernmost previously known colony. The species is also reported for the first time from Uracas, northernmost of the Northern Mariana Islands, where it may also breed.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521151","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., and Hatch, J., 1986, Range extension for the gray-backed tern in the western Pacific: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 9, no. 1, p. 110-112, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521151.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201888,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683e91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, J.J.","contributorId":76860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223559,"text":"5223559 - 1986 - Nesting of the masked booby on the Dry Tortugas, Florida:  The first record for the contiguous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T13:06:14","indexId":"5223559","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting of the masked booby on the Dry Tortugas, Florida:  The first record for the contiguous United States","docAbstract":"<p>In both 1984 and 1985 Masked Boobies (<i>Sula dactylatra</i>) attempted to nest on sandy islets at the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Nesting attempts failed because the nest sites were washed away by summer storms. It seems likely that this species will eventually nest there successfully and will establish a small breeding population. This is the first documented nesting by this species in the contiguous United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Colonial Waterbird Society","publisherLocation":"Elgin, IL","doi":"10.2307/1521152","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., and Robertson, W., 1986, Nesting of the masked booby on the Dry Tortugas, Florida:  The first record for the contiguous United States: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 9, no. 1, p. 113-116, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521152.","productDescription":"113-116","startPage":"113","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Torgugas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.869873046875,\n              24.62938542886063\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.87064552307129,\n              24.6309458596427\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8724479675293,\n              24.631492005813232\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8750228881836,\n              24.63032168966796\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.87562370300293,\n              24.627512886203856\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.87519454956053,\n              24.625172168430968\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.87287712097167,\n              24.625094143750292\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8713321685791,\n              24.625952412559027\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86832809448242,\n              24.625250193062943\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86626815795898,\n              24.62439191943259\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86334991455077,\n              24.62368969117008\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86120414733887,\n              24.62501611902092\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86111831665039,\n              24.627903001570964\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86343574523926,\n              24.62993158185065\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86652565002441,\n              24.630165646687182\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86892890930174,\n              24.629853560141072\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.869873046875,\n              24.62938542886063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af5a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, W.R. Jr.","contributorId":105019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"W.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223158,"text":"5223158 - 1986 - Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5223158","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1397,"text":"Dissertation Abstracts International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria)","docAbstract":"Captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) were maintained ad libitum on five diets during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80 to evaluate the effects of varying protein and energy levels on feed intake and condition. Diets were formulated to simulate either a natural diet high in invertebrates or one high in vegetation. Two diets low in protein and energy simulated stress diets.       Feed intake during the 1979-80 winter, when diets varied the most, was 30% higher for canvasbacks fed the low energy (1543 kcal/kg) diet than for canvasbacks fed the high energy (3638 kcal/kg) diet. Body weight of males and females did not differ between groups fed different diets, but there were seasonal differences (P < 0.05) for both sexes aggregated across diets. Feed intake and body weights were greatest in November and April and least in January and February. Convasbacks lost weight and ate less during the most stressful periods despite ad libitum feed supplies. No differences could be detected in the behavior of captive canvasbacks as a result of the diets they received. Differences due to season and sex were observed for some behaviors. Inactivity increased (P < 0.05) during the winter apparently as a mechanism to conserve energy.Overall, captive canvasbacks were able to maintain themselves during winter on diets with as little as 10% protein and 1543 kcal/kg provided adequate quantities of food were available. Availability of low energy food (e.g. clams) may be the limiting factor in regard to winter survival of wild canvasbacks. The distribution and abundance of canvasbacks in some wintering areas ultimately has been influenced by the quantity and probably the quality of available nutrients.Data from this study indicate that canvasbacks are unable to adjust intake rates to compensate for low energy foods and may subsequently store less fat or modify behavior and microclimate. However, decreased weight, feed intake, and activity of ducks fed ad libitum rations occurred in mid-winter irrespective of diet quality and appeared to be an endogenous component of their annual cycle which persists in captivity. These changes apparently have a selective advantage of increasing the probability of survival in ducks by decreasing energy expenditure during periods of winter stress.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dissertation Abstracts International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1986, Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria): Dissertation Abstracts International, v. 46B, no. 10.","productDescription":"3291 (abstract)","startPage":"3291 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46B","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0c50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222162,"text":"5222162 - 1986 - Effect of anosmia on reproduction in male and female wolves (Canis lupus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:11","indexId":"5222162","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":984,"text":"Behavioral and Neural Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of anosmia on reproduction in male and female wolves (Canis lupus)","docAbstract":"Anosmia was produced in two female and three male wolves by transection of the olfactory peduncle and was confirmed by their inability to detect meat, urine, feces, anal-gland secretions, and fish emulsion. All operated animals continued to investigate the environment with their noses, to interact normally with other pack members, and to feed at levels which maintained presurgical body weights. No effect was found on reproductive physiology (females: estradiol or progesterone concentrations, ovulation, pregnancy or parturition; males: testosterone, testicular recrudescence or sperm numbers, motility or maturation). One anosmic female became dominant and although she urine-marked with a flexed leg, the rate was lower than typical for dominant females and perhaps contributed to her failure to pair-bond with the dominant male. One anosmic male raised-leg-urinated while competing for pack dominance and when kenneled away from other males. Precopulatory, copulatory, and maternal behavior were observed for one anosmic female and appeared normal. However, neither male that was sexually naive before surgery showed interest in proestrous or estrous females. The possibility that secondary degeneration of brain regions mediating sexual behavior was responsible for the failure of these males to respond was not supported. Not only was the lack of male sexual response the only serious deficit following transection, but the male which was sexually experienced prior to surgery did copulate successfully during his second postoperative breeding season despite continued anosmia. Chemosensory priming from female urine during the protracted proestrous phase, as well as urinary and vaginal odors during estrus, appear to be critical for induction of full sexual potency in sexually naive males. The importance of urine and vaginal secretions in the sexual response of experienced males is uncertain.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral and Neural Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(86)90212-8","usgsCitation":"Asa, C.S., Seal, U., Plotka, E., Letellier, M., and Mech, L., 1986, Effect of anosmia on reproduction in male and female wolves (Canis lupus): Behavioral and Neural Biology, v. 46, no. 3, p. 272-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-1047(86)90212-8.","productDescription":"272-284","startPage":"272","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17688,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-1047(86)90212-8","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asa, C. S.","contributorId":34615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asa","given":"C.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plotka, E.D.","contributorId":89248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plotka","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Letellier, M.A.","contributorId":39085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letellier","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5222103,"text":"5222103 - 1986 - Embryonic mortality and abnormalities of aquatic birds:  Apparent impacts of selenium from irrigation drainwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-11T15:43:59.32452","indexId":"5222103","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Embryonic mortality and abnormalities of aquatic birds:  Apparent impacts of selenium from irrigation drainwater","docAbstract":"<p><span>Severe reproductive impacts were found in aquatic birds nesting on irrigation drainwater ponds in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Of 347 nests studied to late incubation or to hatching, 40.6% had at least one dead embryo and 19.6% had at least one embryo or chick with an obvious external anomaly. The deformities were often multiple and included missing or abnormal eyes, beaks, wings, legs and feet. Brain, heart, liver and skeletal anomalies were also present. Mean selenium concentrations in plants, invertebrates, and fish from the ponds were 22–175 ppm (dry weight), about 12 to 130 times those found at a nearby control area. Bird eggs (2.2–110 ppm) and livers (19–130 ppm) also contained elevated levels of selenium. Aquatic birds may experience similar problems in other areas where selenium occurs at elevated levels.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(86)90104-X","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., Hoffman, D.J., Saiki, M.K., and Aldrich, T.W., 1986, Embryonic mortality and abnormalities of aquatic birds:  Apparent impacts of selenium from irrigation drainwater: Science of the Total Environment, v. 52, no. 1-2, p. 49-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(86)90104-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge, San Joaquin Valley, Volta Wildlife Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.11671447753908,\n              36.99158465967016\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.58456420898436,\n              36.99158465967016\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.58456420898436,\n              37.41761791871185\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.11671447753908,\n              37.41761791871185\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.11671447753908,\n              36.99158465967016\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606ce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saiki, M. K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldrich, Thomas W.","contributorId":88311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldrich","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222126,"text":"5222126 - 1986 - Association between PCBs and lower embryonic weight in black-crowned night herons in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:24:19","indexId":"5222126","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association between PCBs and lower embryonic weight in black-crowned night herons in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Reproductive problems, including congenital malformations, reduced hatching success, and decreased survival of hatchlings, have been  observed in colonial-nesting water birds at the San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (SFBNWR).  Twenty-four black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) eggs were collected from SFBNWR in 1983.  Twelve of these were collected from separate nests when late-stage embryos were pipping, and an additional egg was randomly collected from each nest for organochlorine analysis.  Overt anomalies and skeletal defects were  not apparent. Embryonic weights (with partially absorbed yolk sacs removed) were 15% lower (p lt 0.05) in SFBNWR embryos compared to control embryos from the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC).  Crown-rump length and femur length were shorter for SFBNWR embryos.  The geometric mean polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration in SFBNWR eggs was 4.1 ppm wet weight, with a range of 0.8-52.0 ppm.  A negative correlation (r = - 0.61; p lt 0.05) existed between embryonic weight and log-transformed PCB residues in whole eggs collected from the  same nest at SFBNWR, suggesting a possible impact of PCBs on embryonic growth. A correlation with embryonic weight did not occur for DDE  (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene) residues.  Liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was neither significantly elevated  nor correlated with PCB, DDE, or PCB plus DDE log-transformed residues.  It is unknown whether the apparent association between PCBs and lower weight is persistent through hatching.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287398609530936","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Rattner, B., Bunck, C., Krynitsky, A.J., Ohlendorf, H.M., and Lowe, R.W., 1986, Association between PCBs and lower embryonic weight in black-crowned night herons in San Francisco Bay: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 19, no. 3, p. 383-391, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398609530936.","productDescription":"383-391","startPage":"383","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269453,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287398609530936"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d0ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunck, C.M.","contributorId":72337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunck","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lowe, Roy W.","contributorId":50847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5222092,"text":"5222092 - 1986 - Reproductive toxicity of monocrotophos to bobwhite quail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-27T09:50:33","indexId":"5222092","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3105,"text":"Poultry Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive toxicity of monocrotophos to bobwhite quail","docAbstract":"Pairs of 1st-year breeding bobwhites were fed constant or decreasing concentrations of monocrotophos for 15 days. In addition, a control diet was used in a pair-fed group matched with the pairs in the constant group. Dietary concentrations for the constant group were logarithmically spaced at .100, .178, .316, .562, 1.000 ppm of actual insecticide and also at 0 ppm (control) for five pairs at each concentration. The beginning concentrations for the decreasing pairs were identical to the constant group but regularly decreased to reach 25% of the starting concentrations by Day 13. Food consumption, egg production, hatchability of eggs under artificial incubation, and survival of hatched chicks for 2 weeks were recorded pairwise during 15-day treatment and 14-day posttreatment periods. Mortality was high at the greatest constant concentration and in the associated pair-fed group. Food consumption and egg production rates were negatively dose-related during the treatment period in the constant and decreasing groups. The laying rate of pair-fed hens was reduced to the same extent as in the constant group. Reproductive inhibition was not permanent, and pairs resumed laying after a dose-related recovery interval. No dose-related effects on hatchability or chick survival were detected. There was no evidence of a pesticide effect on reproduction other than that exerted through pesticide-induced anorexia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Poultry Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Poultry Science Association","doi":"10.3382/ps.0650051","usgsCitation":"Stromborg, K., 1986, Reproductive toxicity of monocrotophos to bobwhite quail: Poultry Science, v. 65, no. 1, p. 51-57, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0650051.","startPage":"51","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0650051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":198285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268430,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0650051"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stromborg, K. L.","contributorId":34466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromborg","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5230188,"text":"5230188 - 1986 - DDE, DDT + dieldrin:  Residues in American kestrels and relations to reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-29T20:37:29.973813","indexId":"5230188","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":26,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"DDE, DDT + dieldrin:  Residues in American kestrels and relations to reproduction","docAbstract":"Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) given long-term dietary dosages of DDT and dieldrin in combination, at low and high rates, were compared with controls to determine the effects of the toxicants on reproductive success and eggshell thickness.  Additional kestrels were dosed with DDE to determine its effect on shell thickness. Tissues of birds that died or were sacrificed, and eggs, were analyzed for DDE, DDD, DDT, and dieldrin. Eight paired birds, mostly males, given a high dosage of DDT + dieldrin died of dieldrin poisoning. Three periods of heavy mortality involving only dosed birds, which occurred in summer 1966, fall 1967, and spring 1968, followed temperature declines and other stress factors. Organochlorine concentrations in tissues of sacrificed birds and eggs in all units of the DDT + dieldrin study were significantly different among treatments. Residue concentrations in tissues of birds on high dosage of DDT + dieldrin were about 3 times higher than those on low dosage, a difference similar to the relative magnitude of the dose rates. Concentrations of some toxicants, especially DDE, were significantly higher in tissues of males than females, although these differences were difficult to interpret because males generally were sacrificed later than females. Concentrations in tissues and eggs of dosed yearlings, placed on clean food 7 to 9 weeks before pairing, were often significantly lower than in those yearlings that remained on dosage. Concentrations of each toxicant were usually highly correlated (r > 0.85) among tissues, especially for DDE and dieldrin. Organochlorine concentrations in brains and eggs could be predicted from concentrations in carcasses. DDE and dieldrin concentrations in eggs were about one-half those in carcasses, DDD about one-seventh, and DDT 1.5 to 2 times higher in eggs than carcasses. Eggshells of DDT + dieldrin-dosed kestrels were 6-23% thinner than eggshells of corresponding controls in different groups and years. Organochlorine concentrations in eggs and tissues of females were poorly correlated with shell thickness. Of the four toxicants in eggs, DDE was significantly and most closely correlated with fledging success. Interpretation of direct comparisons between our DDT + dieldrin studies and most current field situations are difficult because contaminant profiles in our birds are unlike those in most field samples.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"3399_Wiemeyer.pdf and 3399_Wiemeyer_OCR.pdf","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., Porter, R.D., Hensler, G.L., and Maestrelli, J., 1986, DDE, DDT + dieldrin:  Residues in American kestrels and relations to reproduction: Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 6, iii, 33.","productDescription":"iii, 33","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822008908071?urlappend=%3Bseq=7"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e4d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, Richard D.","contributorId":224624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hensler, Gary L.","contributorId":23111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensler","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maestrelli, J.R.","contributorId":75245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maestrelli","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}