Groundwater inflow and outflow contributions to the hydrologic budget of lakes can be determined using a stable isotope (18O/16O) mass balance method. The stable isotope method provides a way of integrating the spatial and temporal complexities of the flow field around a lake, thereby offering an appealing alternative to the traditional time and labor intensive methods using seepage meters and an extensive piezometer network. In this paper the method is applied to a lake in northern Wisconsin, demonstrating that it can be successfully applied to lakes in the upper midwest where thousands of similar lakes exist. Inflow and outflow rates calculated for the Wisconsin lake using the isotope mass balance method are 29 and 54 cm/yr, respectively, which compare well to estimates, derived independently using a three-dimensional groundwater flow and solute transport model, of 20 and 50 cm/yr. Such a favorable comparison lends confidence to the use of the stable isotope method to estimate groundwater exchange with lakes. In addition, utilization of stable isotopes in studies of groundwater-lake systems lends insight into mixing processes occurring in the unsaturated zone and in the aquifer surrounding the lake and verifies assumed flow paths based on head measurements in piezometers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i010p02445","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D.P., Bowser, C.J., Anderson, M.P., and Valley, J.W., 1990, Estimating groundwater exchange with lakes: 1. The stable isotope mass balance method: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2445-2453, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i010p02445.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2445","endPage":"2453","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Sparkling Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.71040725708008,\n 45.99857150435143\n ],\n [\n -89.71040725708008,\n 46.01723083989765\n ],\n [\n -89.69023704528809,\n 46.01723083989765\n ],\n [\n -89.69023704528809,\n 45.99857150435143\n ],\n [\n -89.71040725708008,\n 45.99857150435143\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ebde4b058f706e512ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowser, Carl J.","contributorId":14050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowser","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Mary P.","contributorId":30704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valley, John W.","contributorId":52895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valley","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157490,"text":"70157490 - 1990 - Estimating groundwater exchange with lakes: 2. Calibration of a three-dimensional, solute transport model to a stable isotope plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:26:35","indexId":"70157490","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-05T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating groundwater exchange with lakes: 2. Calibration of a three-dimensional, solute transport model to a stable isotope plume","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional groundwater flow and solute transport model was calibrated to a plume of water described by measurements of δ18O and used to calculate groundwater inflow and outflow rates at a lake in northern Wisconsin. The flow model was calibrated to observed hydraulic gradients and estimated recharge rates. Calibration of the solute transport submodel to the configuration of a stable isotope (18O) plume in the contiguous aquifer on the downgradient side of the lake provides additional data to constrain the model. A good match between observed and simulated temporal variations in plume configuration indicates that the model closely simulated the dynamics of the real system. The model provides information on natural variations of rates of groundwater inflow, lake water outflow, and recharge to the water table. Inflow and outflow estimates compare favorably with estimates derived by the isotope mass balance method (Krabbenhoft et al., this issue). Model simulations agree with field observations that show groundwater inflow rates are more sensitive to seasonal variations in recharge than outflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i010p02455","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D.P., Anderson, M.P., and Bowser, C.J., 1990, Estimating groundwater exchange with lakes: 2. 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3 Disks , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90616.","productDescription":"Report: i, 27 p.; 3 Disks ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57febaa1e4b0824b2d1564dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Bray, E. 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Residues of DDD, DDE, DDT, and dieldrin are widespread in the fine-grained bed sediments of the San Joaquin River and its tributaries despite little or no use of these pesticides for more than 15 years. The San Joaquin River has among the highest bed-sediment concentrations of DDD, DDE, DDT, and dieldrin residues of major rivers in the United States. Concentrations of all four pesticides were correlated with each other and with the amount of organic carbon and fine-grained particles in the bed sediments. The highest concentrations occurred in bed sediments of westside tributary streams. Potential tributary loads of DDD, DDE, DDT, and dieldrin to the San Joaquin River were computed from bed-sediment concentrations and data on streamfiow and suspended-sediment concentration in order to identify the general magnitude of differences between streams and to determine study priorities. The estimated loads indicate that the most important sources of residues during the study period were Salt Slough because of a high load of fine sediment, and Newman Wasteway, Orestimba Creek, and Hospital Creek because of high bed-sediment concentrations. 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The methods were used in combination with hydride-generation atomic-absorption spectrometry for detection of Se, and included a selective chemical-digestion method and three chromatographic methods using XAD-8 resin, Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, and a combination of XAD-8 resin and activated charcoal. The chromatography methods isolate dissolved organic matter that can inhibit Se detection by hydride-generation atomic-absorption spectrometry. Isolation of hydrophobic organic matter with XAD-8 did not affect concentrations of selenite and selenate, and the isolated organic matter represents a minimal estimation of organic Se. Ninety-eight percent of the Se in the extracts was selenate and about 100% of the isolated organic Se was associated with the humic acid fraction of dissolved organic matter. The depth distribution of Se species in the soil saturation extracts support a hypothesis that the distribution of soluble Se and salinity in these soils is the result of evaporation from a shallow water table and leaching by irrigation water low in Se and salinity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400020011x","usgsCitation":"Fio, J.L., and Fujii, R., 1990, Selenium speciation methods and application to soil saturation extracts from San Joaquin Valley, California: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 54, no. 2, p. 363-369, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400020011x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"369","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276937,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400020011x"},{"id":276938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.84,35.06 ], [ -121.84,38.17 ], [ -118.67,38.17 ], [ -118.67,35.06 ], [ -121.84,35.06 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5218846be4b0e27b926cc6e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fio, John L.","contributorId":77543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fio","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046124,"text":"70046124 - 1990 - Hydrology of the Arbuckle Mountains area, south-central Oklahoma","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8777,"text":"ofr82775 - 1982 - Hydrology of the Arbuckle Mountain area, south-central Oklahoma","indexId":"ofr82775","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Arbuckle Mountain area, south-central Oklahoma"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046124,"text":"70046124 - 1990 - Hydrology of the Arbuckle Mountains area, south-central Oklahoma","indexId":"70046124","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Arbuckle Mountains area, south-central Oklahoma"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":48798,"text":"ofr8328 - 1983 - Hydrologic data for the Arbuckle Mountain area, south-central Oklahoma","indexId":"ofr8328","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic data for the Arbuckle Mountain area, south-central Oklahoma"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046124,"text":"70046124 - 1990 - Hydrology of the Arbuckle Mountains area, south-central Oklahoma","indexId":"70046124","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Arbuckle Mountains area, south-central Oklahoma"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T12:37:48","indexId":"70046124","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":244,"text":"Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"91","title":"Hydrology of the Arbuckle Mountains area, south-central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Rocks that make up the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer crop out over ~500 mi2 in the Arbuckle Mountains province in south-central Oklahoma. The aquifer consists of limestone, dolomite, and sandstone of the Arbuckle and Simpson Groups of Late Cambrian to Middle Ordovician age and is about 5,000-9,000 ft thick. The rocks were subjected to intensive folding and faulting associated with major uplift of the area during Early to Late Pennsylvanian time.","language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Norman, OK","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, R.W., Hanson, R.L., and Davis, R.E., 1990, Hydrology of the Arbuckle Mountains area, south-central Oklahoma: Circular 91, v, 112 p.; Maps: 2 Sheets: 48 x 27 inches.","productDescription":"v, 112 p.; Maps: 2 Sheets: 48 x 27 inches","numberOfPages":"117","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70046124.jpg"},{"id":272865,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsscanned/Circulars/circular91mm.pdf"},{"id":272896,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsscanned/CircularsPlates/C91P1.pdf"},{"id":272897,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsscanned/CircularsPlates/C91P2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Arbuckle Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.0,33.6192 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -94.4312,37.0 ], [ -94.4312,33.6192 ], [ -103.0,33.6192 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1eae4b0605bc571efd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, Roy W.","contributorId":79155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, Ronald L.","contributorId":65054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Robert E.","contributorId":10403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042911,"text":"70042911 - 1990 - An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 2. 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To reduce the potentially large number of uncertain variables in the deterministic model, lumping of uncertain variables was evaluated by sensitivity analysis to reduce the total number of uncertain variables to three variables: hydraulic conductivity, storage coefficient or specific yield, and source-sink function. Results demonstrate that lumping of uncertain parameters reduces computational effort while providing sufficient precision for the case studied. Simulated spatial coefficients of variation for water table temporal position in most of the basin is small, which suggests that deterministic models can predict water tables in these areas with good precision. However, in several important areas where pumping occurs or the geology is complex, the simulated spatial coefficients of variation are over estimated by the two-point probability method.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i007p01569","usgsCitation":"Guymon, G.L., and Yen, C., 1990, An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 2. 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The two-point estimate method is theoretically developed and compared with the Monte Carlo simulation method. The results of comparisons using hypothetical determinisitic problems indicate that the two-point estimate method is only generally valid for linear problems where the coefficients of variation of uncertain parameters (for example, storage coefficient and hydraulic conductivity) is small. The two-point estimate method may be applied to slightly nonlinear problems with good results, provided coefficients of variation are small. In such cases, the two-point estimate method is much more efficient than the Monte Carlo method provided the number of uncertain variables is less than eight.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i007p01559","usgsCitation":"Yen, C., and Guymon, G.L., 1990, An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 1. 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According to forecasts, the concentration of people along our coastlines will continue to increase into the 21st century. In addition to residential and commercial buildings and facilities worth tens of billions of dollars, the coasts and associated wetlands are natural resources of tremendous value, with estimates in excess of $13 billion per year for commercial and recreational fisheries alone. Human activities and natural processes are stressing the coastal environment. * Each of the coastal states and island territories is suffering problems related to coastal erosion. * Deterioration of wetlands is widespread and of great public concern. * Pollutants carried by rivers or runoff are discharged directly into coastal waters and accumulate in the sediments on the sea floor, in some areas causing damage to living resources and presenting a threat to public health. * Onshore sources for hard-mineral resources, such as sand and gravel used for construction purposes, are becoming increasingly difficult to find. New sources are being sought in coastal waters. Coastal issues will become even more important into the next century if sea level is significantly influenced by climate change and other factors.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039576","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990, National Coastal Geology Program: a plan of geologic research on coastal erosion, coastal wetlands, polluted sediments, and coastal hard-mineral resources: Monograph, 34 p.; ill.; maps; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/70039576.","productDescription":"34 p.; ill.; maps; Appendix","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039576/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":261095,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039576/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a61a6e4b0c8380cd71aaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006547,"text":"70006547 - 1990 - Liquid-chromatography thermospray mass-spectrometric study of n-acylamino dilactones and 4-butyrolactones derived from Antimycin-A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-26T01:02:06","indexId":"70006547","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:26:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2213,"text":"Journal of Chromatography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquid-chromatography thermospray mass-spectrometric study of n-acylamino dilactones and 4-butyrolactones derived from Antimycin-A","docAbstract":"Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography—thermospray mass spectrometric (HPLC—MS) characteristics of four sets of lactonic complexes (one 4-butyrolactones and three dilactone complexes) derived from antimycin A were investigated. Three types of 8-hydroxy analogues were also included in the study. Pairs of a–b structures isomeric at the 8-acyloxy ester side-chains were best separated with a high-efficiency octadecylsilica column prior to analysis by HPLC—MS. Mass spectra of the a–b pairs each with identical molecular weights exhibited virtually indistinguishable fragmentation patterns, although their relative intensities were not superimposable. In some cases, HPLC—MS of the title compounds yielded mass chromatograms showing the minor components more easily recognizable than the HPLC—UV counter parts because of the apparent higher ionization efficiency of the minor isomers and increased resolution of subcomponents in the MS system. Under the mobile phase conditions employed, analyte ionization occurred with variable degrees of gas phase ammonolysis depending upon the ammonia concentration of the buffer. 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The forum was sponsored jointly by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Governors' Association, and the National Association of Counties. The purpose of the forum was to expand the understanding and use of orthophoto products among the user community, as well as among those currently considering, or as yet unfamiliar with, the use of these products. It was also intended to provide a forum for assessing requirements for, and interest in, orthophoto products and for the identification and discussion of issues and future needs concerning orthophoto use and coordination. The 1-day forum was organized into three major sessions that focussed on technical aspects, user applications, and management issues. The first session presented a brief background and overview of the technical characteristics of standard and digital orthophotos. The second session included formal presentations by Federal, State, and county government agencies on their current and planned applications of orthophoto products, with particular emphasis on their use within geographic information systems. In the third session, private industry addressed their community's interest, capabilities, and potential role. This session also included a proposal by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service for a national cooperative program for the production of l:12,000-scale orthophotoquad products. In addition to the formal presentations, the forum provided a time for open discussion in which attendees had an opportunity to exchange information and make statements about their needs or other items pertinent to the production and dissemination of orthophoto products. Several agency orthophoto product exhibits and interactive demonstrations were also available throughout the day. This report includes a forum agenda and summaries of the various presentations given by the program participants. The appendixes to the report include a list of forum cosponsoring agencies and cooperating organizations, a summary listing of forum registrants by organizational affiliation, and the forum registration list. Also included in the appendkes is the Higher Resolution Orthophoto Products Survey that was sent to each participant following the forum to assist in the identification of near- and longer-term applications, and the determination of requirements, for higher-resolution orthophoto products.","conferenceTitle":"Forum on orthophotography","conferenceDate":"15-MAY-90","conferenceLocation":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"Forum co-sponsored by: U.S. Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Geological Survey, National Governors' Association, National Association of Counties","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990, Forum on orthophotography: Summary Report: Summary Report, vi, 56 p.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261318,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/confpub/70039154/report.pdf"},{"id":261319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/confpub/70039154/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a137ae4b0c8380cd54680","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006744,"text":"70006744 - 1990 - Macroinvertebrate communities associated with three aquatic macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Vallisneria americana) in Lake Onalaska, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-10T01:01:45","indexId":"70006744","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:35:20","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macroinvertebrate communities associated with three aquatic macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Vallisneria americana) in Lake Onalaska, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The standing crop and species diversity of macroinvertebrates associated with wild celery (Vallisneria americana), Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), and coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) were examined in Lake Onalaska, Pool 7 of the upper Mississippi River, during summer 1983. Although Ceratophyllum generally supported the largest invertebrate standing crop (number per g plant dry weight), differences in invertebrate abundance among plant species were not consistent across time. However, the distribution of several taxa were significantly affected by plant species. Hyalella azteca (overall the most abundant species) and Enallagma spp. (the most abundant predator) were consistently most numerous in Ceratophyllum samples and least abundant in Vallisneria samples. Generally, invertebrate community composition differed significantly among plant species throughout the summer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1990.9665262","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Chilton, E., 1990, Macroinvertebrate communities associated with three aquatic macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Vallisneria americana) in Lake Onalaska, Wisconsin: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 5, no. 4, p. 455-466, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1990.9665262.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"466","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258300,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1990.9665262","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Onalaska","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b1ce4b0c8380cd692c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chilton, E.W. II","contributorId":59665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chilton","given":"E.W.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006857,"text":"70006857 - 1990 - Homestead tree planting in two rural Swazi communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-13T01:01:54","indexId":"70006857","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:29:06","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":683,"text":"Agroforestry Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Homestead tree planting in two rural Swazi communities","docAbstract":"Tree planting practices were investigated on a total of 95 homesteads in two communities in rural Swaziland. Information was also collected on socioeconomic characteristics of the homesteads. In both the study areas, Sigombeni and Bhekinkosi, there was considerable variation amongst individual homesteads in size, relative wealth (as indicated by cattle and motor vehicle ownership), and amount and types of trees planted. Eighty-five percent of all homesteads in Sigombeni and 73% in Bhekinkosi had planted at least one tree. Common forms of planting included small woodlots, fruit trees, and ornamentals. Virtually all the woodlots consisted of two introduced wattle species (Acacia mearnsii and A. decurrens). The most commonly planted fruit trees were avocados, bananas, and peaches. No complex or labor-intensive agroforestry practices (such as maize/leucaena intercropping) were observed. There was some evidence that the poorest and newest homesteads were the least likely to have planted any trees and that the richest homesteads were the most likely to have planted woodlots. The results indicate that forestry research and extension efforts should take into account homestead characteristics, and strive to offer a range of tree planting options that vary in input requirements, labor needs, and complexity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agroforestry Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF00122809","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Allen, J., 1990, Homestead tree planting in two rural Swazi communities: Agroforestry Systems, v. 11, no. 1, p. 11-22, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122809.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258444,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00122809","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Swaziland","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3210e4b0c8380cd5e4bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, James A. 0000-0001-6459-5734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-5734","contributorId":108095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006860,"text":"70006860 - 1990 - Benzocaine as a fish anesthetic: efficacy and safety for spawning-phase salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-13T01:01:54","indexId":"70006860","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:23:03","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benzocaine as a fish anesthetic: efficacy and safety for spawning-phase salmon","docAbstract":"The anesthetic benzocaine was tested for efficacy and safety for spawning-phase chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at federal fish hatcheries. Tests were conducted in the existing hatchery water supplies (soft water; temperatures, 10–13 °C. Crystalline benzocaine was dissolved in ethanol (1 g/30 mL), and aliquots of that stock solution were added to the water in test tanks. Benzocaine concentrations of 25–30 mg/L anesthetized most fish in less than 3.5 min, and most fish recovered in less than 10 min after 15 min of exposure. Safety margins were narrow; both species tolerated 30 mg/L for about 20 min, but 25 min of exposure caused deaths. For 15 min exposures, concentrations of 35 mg/L for chinook salmon and 40 mg/L for Atlantic salmon were lethal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052<0189:BAAFAE>2.3.CO;2","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Gilderhus, P., 1990, Benzocaine as a fish anesthetic: efficacy and safety for spawning-phase salmon: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 52, no. 3, p. 189-191, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052<0189:BAAFAE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258443,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052<0189:BAAFAE>2.3.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0c5e4b0c8380cd4a8e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilderhus, P.A.","contributorId":60156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilderhus","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039187,"text":"70039187 - 1990 - Catalog of US GeoData","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-08T01:02:14","indexId":"70039187","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Catalog of US GeoData","docAbstract":"The development of geographic information systems (GIS) is a rapidly growing industry that supports natural resources, studies, land management, environmental analysis, and urban and transporation planning. 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Digital information can be used with all types of geographic and land information systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039187","collaboration":"National Mapping Program","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990, Catalog of US GeoData: General Information Product, 2 Plates: 36 x 16 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70039187.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 36 x 16 inches","costCenters":[{"id":225,"text":"Earth Science Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261348,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039187/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":261349,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039187/plate-2.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f397e4b0c8380cd4b8d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}