Stream permanence classifications (i.e., perennial, intermittent, ephemeral) are a primary consideration to determine stream regulatory status in the United States (U.S.) and are an important indicator of environmental conditions and biodiversity. However, at present, no models or products adequately describe surface water presence for regulatory determinations. We modified the Thornthwaite monthly water balance model (MWBM) with a flow threshold parameter to estimate flow permanence and evaluated the model’s accuracy and precision for more than 1.3 million headwater stream reaches in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW). Stream reaches were assigned to one of eight calibration groups by unsupervised classification based on sensitivity to MWBM parameters. Suitable MWBM parameter sets were identified by comparing modeled stream permanence estimates to surface water presence observations (SWPO). Parameter sets with accuracies > 65% were considered suitable. The MWBM estimated stream permanence with high precision at 40% of reaches, with poor precision at 20% of reaches, and no suitable parameter sets were identified for 40% of reaches. Results highlight the need for increased SWPO collection to improve calibration and assessment of stream permanence models. Additionally, implementation of the MWBM to estimate surface water presence indicates potential for process-based models to predict stream permanence with future development.
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0000-0002-0590-0724","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0590-0724","contributorId":203415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blasch","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gessler, Paul E. 0000-0003-0264-7679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-7679","contributorId":288468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gessler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sando, Roy 0000-0003-0704-6258","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6258","contributorId":3874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science 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Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest cover lessens the impact of drought on streamflow in Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Tropical regions are experiencing high rates of forest cover loss coupled with changes in the volume and timing of rainfall. These shifts can compromise streamflow and water provision, highlighting the need to identify how forest cover influences streamflow generation under variable rainfall conditions. Although rainfall is the key driver of streamflow regimes, the role of forests is less clear, particularly in tropical regions where forest loss is an ongoing risk. Forest cover loss alters evapotranspiration, rainfall infiltration and storage, and may increase stream ecosystem vulnerability to rainfall extremes. Puerto Rico, an island with spatially heterogenous forest cover and a marked geographic rainfall gradient, is projected to experience more frequent droughts and flash flooding. Using 15-minute streamflow data collected between 2005 and 2016 from 20 USGS stream gages and 3-hourly Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation rainfall estimates, we utilized flow-duration curves and linear mixed regression models to examine the role of forest cover in regulating the timing and volume of streamflow. The mixed model approach helps to account for differences in watershed characteristics. We determined the effects of rainfall and forest cover on low and peak flows in Puerto Rican streams, then evaluated changes in these relationships under dry and wet antecedent rainfall conditions. Watersheds with high forest cover had consistently greater low and peak streamflow than deforested ones under all rainfall conditions, although the effect was more marked during wet antecedent conditions, suggesting that peak flow is largely the result of saturation excess overland flow. During dry antecedent rainfall conditions, highly forested watersheds had higher streamflow than deforested ones, suggesting greater hillslope storage and release may also be at play. Our results demonstrate that forest cover generated a net increase in hillslope infiltration and storage and may lessen drought impacts on streamflow in Puerto Rico. Resilience to prolonged drought may be limited by finite water storage potential in this steep, mountainous setting, highlighting maintenance of forest cover as an important water management strategy to increase infiltration.
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Yuri","contributorId":290689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorokhovich","given":"Yuri","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39562,"text":"City University of New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Uriarte, Maria","contributorId":287019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uriarte","given":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70229663,"text":"70229663 - 2022 - Quantifying large-scale continental shelf margin growth and dynamics across mid-Cretaceous Arctic Alaska with detrital zircon U-Pb dating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-26T12:10:04.272603","indexId":"70229663","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-14T08:12:02","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying large-scale continental shelf margin growth and dynamics across mid-Cretaceous Arctic Alaska with detrital zircon U-Pb dating","docAbstract":"Sequence stratigraphy provides a unifying framework for integrating diverse observations to interpret sedimentary basin evolution; however, key time assumptions about stratigraphic elements spanning hundreds of kilometers are rarely quantified. We integrate new detrital zircon U-Pb (DZ) dates from 28 samples with seismic mapping to establish a chronostratigraphic framework across 800 km and ~20 m.y. for the middle-Cretaceous Torok-Nanushuk clinothem of Arctic Alaska (USA). Shelf-margin DZ dates indicate continent-scale sediment routing with Russian Chukotka provenance and provide reliable maximum depositional ages derived from arc volcanism. Shelf-margin advance rates display a clear relationship to toplap trajectories and provide empirical support for long-held inferences linking sediment supply to margin architecture. Two distinct shelf-margin growth regimes are evident: (1) a ca. 115–107 Ma phase of rapid ~50 km/m.y. shelf advance rates with mainly progradational trajectories; and (2) a ca. 107–98 Ma phase of moderate ~13 km/m.y. shelf advance rates with progradational-retrogradational-aggradational trajectories. We established a subsequent shelf–to–deep water correlation by independently dating ca. 98–95 Ma low shelf accommodation and basin-floor deposition as far as 240 km east that indicate lowstand shedding and a change to localized routing with Brooks Range provenance. Finally, we dated a ca. 95 Ma basin-wide transgression at deep-water to shelfal settings across 350 km that exhibits apparent synchroneity consistent with an event-significant surface. In one of the world’s largest foreland-basin clinothems, our work constrains the timing and duration of key depositional elements to test large-scale sequence stratigraphic assumptions, enables reliable correlation and quantification of sediment dynamics across 800 km, and captures the chronology of a giant regressive-transgressive cycle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G49118.1","usgsCitation":"Lease, R.O., Houseknecht, D.W., and Kylander-Clark, A.R., 2022, Quantifying large-scale continental shelf margin growth and dynamics across mid-Cretaceous Arctic Alaska with detrital zircon U-Pb dating: Geology, v. 50, no. 5, p. 620-625, https://doi.org/10.1130/G49118.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"620","endPage":"625","ipdsId":"IP-135413","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g49118.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9F8BHTN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U-Pb Isotopic Data and Ages of Detrital Zircon and Volcanic Zircon Grains from the Torok and Nanushuk Formations, Arctic Alaska, 2021"},{"id":397055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140.99853515625,\n 69.65708627301174\n ],\n [\n -139.81201171874997,\n 73.23937702441908\n ],\n [\n -162.59765625,\n 73.02900629225599\n ],\n [\n -169.8046875,\n 69.17037257214531\n ],\n [\n -163.828125,\n 67.05887024878373\n ],\n [\n -160.6640625,\n 67.30597574414466\n ],\n [\n -157.58789062499997,\n 67.04173496919447\n ],\n [\n -154.95117187499997,\n 66.93866882358137\n ],\n [\n -151.7431640625,\n 67.12729044909526\n ],\n [\n -147.3046875,\n 67.53377157140451\n ],\n [\n -145.1513671875,\n 68.46379955520322\n ],\n [\n -141.0205078125,\n 68.86351700272681\n ],\n [\n -140.99853515625,\n 69.65708627301174\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lease, Richard O. 0000-0003-2582-8966 rlease@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-8966","contributorId":5098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lease","given":"Richard","email":"rlease@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kylander-Clark, Andrew R. C.","contributorId":212897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kylander-Clark","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70255208,"text":"70255208 - 2022 - Dual resistance to Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T11:37:11.156869","indexId":"70255208","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-08T06:35:02","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dual resistance to Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum)","docAbstract":"Aquatic pathogens are a major concern for fish hatchery production, fisheries management, and conservation, and disease control needs to be addressed. Two important salmonid pathogens are Myxobolus cerebralis and Flavobacterium psychrophilum that cause whirling disease and bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), respectively. Innate disease resistance is a potential option for reducing disease-related mortality in hatchery-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Two experiments were conducted to assess pathogen resistance of first-generation (F1) rainbow trout created by crossing M. cerebralis- and F. psychrophilum-resistant strains. In the first experiment, we exposed two rainbow trout strains and one F1 cross to six treatments: control (no exposure), mock injection, F. psychrophilum only, M. cerebralis only, F. psychrophilum then M. cerebralis, and M. cerebralis then F. psychrophilum. Results indicated that the F1 cross was not resistant to either pathogen. In the second experiment, we exposed five rainbow trout strains and four rainbow trout crosses to F. psychrophilum. The second experiment indicated that at least one rainbow trout cross was F. psychrophilum-resistant. Achieving dual resistance may be possible using selective breeding but only some multigenerational strains are suitable candidates for further evaluation.
Species distributions are governed by processes occurring at multiple spatial scales. For species with complex life cycles, the needs of all life stages must be met within the dispersal limitations of the species. Multi-scale processes can be particularly important for these species, where small-scale patterns in specific habitat components can affect the distribution of one life stage, whereas large-scale patterns in land cover might better explain the distribution of other life stages. Using a conditional multi-scale model, we evaluated which aspects of the landscape and local environment are most strongly related to occupancy patterns of western spadefoots (Spea hammondii). In northern and central California, the proportion of grassland land cover within 2 km of a site was positively related to the occurrence of the northern clade of the western spadefoot. At the pond scale, we found that western spadefoots were more likely to breed in pools with lower pH. Our results indicate that protecting remaining grasslands for adult spadefoots and ensuring multiple pools with diverse characteristics and hydroperiods so at least some pools result in successful breeding will likely be necessary to conserve western spadefoots, especially with a changing climate. Considering the processes that affect species distributions at multiple life stages and spatial scales is an essential component of effective conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3960","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Rose, J.P., Clark, D., Kleeman, P.M., and Fisher, R., 2022, Multi-scale patterns in occurrence of an ephemeral pool-breeding amphibian: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 3, e3960, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3960.","productDescription":"e3960, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127818","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3960","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E1SP64","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Western Spadefoot Survey Data in Northern and Central California (2019)"},{"id":397856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 33.46810795527896\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Jonathan P. 0000-0003-0874-9166 jprose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9166","contributorId":199339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Jonathan","email":"jprose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Denise 0000-0002-9688-2946 drclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-2946","contributorId":213957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Denise","email":"drclark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":839226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70229387,"text":"70229387 - 2022 - Power analysis for detecting the effects of best management practices on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-04T15:17:53.244939","indexId":"70229387","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-04T09:06:53","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Power analysis for detecting the effects of best management practices on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA","docAbstract":"In 2010 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency established the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) which is a “pollution diet” that aims to reduce the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus entering the Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States, by 25 and 24% percent, respectively. To achieve this goal the TMDL requires the implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs), which are accepted land management practices for reducing pollutant runoff to nearby bodies of water. While the TMDL requires that the necessary management actions be in place by 2025 to eventually reach targeted nutrient loads, the ability to detect an effect of BMPs while assuming that one has occurred (i.e. statistical power) is still not well understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the power and required timelines to detect nutrient reductions in streams and rivers as the result of BMP implementation at the Chesapeake Watershed scale. Power estimates were produced using SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) models, which offer a flexible statistical framework and were recently extended to allow for modeling multiple time steps. Nitrogen and phosphorus focused models were calibrated to estimate the power to detect reductions in flux from numerous constituent sources. To confidently detect a decrease in constituent flux reaching the Chesapeake Bay’s tidal waters from a specific constituent source, reductions ranging from 30–60% were required for the nitrogen model. In contrast, reductions of up to 80% were not detectable under the phosphorus model. The timelines necessary to detect reductions in nitrogen flux ranged from 11 to several hundred years under different rates-of-change and management scenarios. The approach proposed here can help better understand the ability to detect the effects of BMPs on a regional scale and help guide future management actions and monitoring programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108713","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, P., Alexander, R., Blomquist, J.D., Devereux, O.H., Noe, G.E., Wagner, T., and Smalling, K., 2022, Power analysis for detecting the effects of best management practices on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA: Ecological Indicators, v. 136, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108713.","productDescription":"108713, 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-136202","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard","contributorId":219089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blomquist, Joel D. 0000-0002-0140-6534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-6534","contributorId":215461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"Joel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Devereux, Olivia H.","contributorId":97238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devereux","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smalling, Kelly L. 0000-0002-1214-4920","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4920","contributorId":214623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalling","given":"Kelly L.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70229162,"text":"70229162 - 2022 - A novel application of hierarchical modelling to decouple sampling artifacts from socio-ecological effects on poaching intensity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-02T17:54:50.469801","indexId":"70229162","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-02T11:42:50","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A novel application of hierarchical modelling to decouple sampling artifacts from socio-ecological effects on poaching intensity","docAbstract":"Poaching is a global driver of wildlife population decline, including inside protected areas (PAs). Reducing poaching requires an understanding of its cryptic drivers and accurately quantifying poaching scales and intensity. There is little quantification of how poaching is affected by law enforcement intensity (e.g., ranger stations) versus economic factors (e.g., unemployment), while simultaneously accounting for imperfect detection. Using extensive data of poaching events (i.e., seizures) and censuses of nine ungulate species across the PAs and unprotected lands of Iran from 2010 to 2018, we developed a single-visit hierarchical (N-mixture) model to accurately estimate annual poaching of Iranian ungulates and to differentiate between social and ecological effects on annual poaching intensity. We found that poaching detectability increased with numbers of ranger stations. A recent surge in poaching (2013–2018) coincides with rising unemployment rate. We estimated that 19,727 ungulates (95% confidence interval 11,178–36,195) were poached across the country during 2010–2018. Poaching intensity was positively related to unemployment rate, road density, and ungulate abundance. Our simulations demonstrated that the Poisson and Negative binomial N-mixture models had adequate performance when the conditions of Sólymos et al. (2012) were satisfied, in particular, when at least one covariate is unique to both the detection and abundance parts of the model. Overall, we suggest that single-visit models offer unique insights into understanding the link between poaching intensity, economic conditions, and law enforcement in large-scale landscapes while accounting for imperfect detection of poaching events.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109488","usgsCitation":"Soofi, M., Qashqaei, A.T., Trei, J., Shokri, S., Selyari, J., Ghasemi, B., Sepahvand, P., Egli, L., Nezami, B., Zamani, N., Yusefi, G.H., Kiabi, B.H., Balkenhol, N., Royle, A., Pavey, C.R., Redpath, S.M., and Waltert, M., 2022, A novel application of hierarchical modelling to decouple sampling artifacts from socio-ecological effects on poaching intensity: Biological Conservation, v. 267, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109488.","productDescription":"109488, 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-127985","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/108655","text":"External Repository"},{"id":396659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[53.9216,37.19892],[54.8003,37.39242],[55.51158,37.96412],[56.18037,37.93513],[56.61937,38.12139],[57.33043,38.02923],[58.43615,37.52231],[59.23476,37.41299],[60.37764,36.52738],[61.12307,36.4916],[61.21082,35.65007],[60.80319,34.4041],[60.52843,33.67645],[60.9637,33.52883],[60.53608,32.98127],[60.86365,32.18292],[60.94194,31.54807],[61.69931,31.37951],[61.78122,30.73585],[60.87425,29.82924],[61.36931,29.30328],[61.77187,28.69933],[62.72783,28.25964],[62.75543,27.37892],[63.2339,27.21705],[63.31663,26.75653],[61.87419,26.23997],[61.49736,25.07824],[59.61613,25.38016],[58.52576,25.60996],[57.39725,25.7399],[56.97077,26.96611],[56.49214,27.1433],[55.72371,26.96463],[54.71509,26.48066],[53.4931,26.81237],[52.4836,27.58085],[51.52076,27.86569],[50.85295,28.81452],[50.11501,30.14777],[49.57685,29.98572],[48.94133,30.31709],[48.56797,29.92678],[48.01457,30.45246],[48.0047,30.98514],[47.68529,30.98485],[47.8492,31.70918],[47.33466,32.46916],[46.10936,33.01729],[45.41669,33.9678],[45.64846,34.74814],[46.15179,35.09326],[46.07634,35.67738],[45.42062,35.97755],[44.77267,37.17045],[44.22576,37.97158],[44.4214,38.28128],[44.10923,39.42814],[44.79399,39.713],[44.95269,39.33576],[45.45772,38.87414],[46.14362,38.7412],[46.50572,38.77061],[47.68508,39.50836],[48.0601,39.58224],[48.35553,39.28876],[48.01074,38.79401],[48.63438,38.27038],[48.88325,38.32025],[49.19961,37.58287],[50.14777,37.37457],[50.84235,36.87281],[52.26402,36.70042],[53.82579,36.96503],[53.9216,37.19892]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iran\"}}]}","volume":"267","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soofi, Mahmood","contributorId":287507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soofi","given":"Mahmood","affiliations":[{"id":61590,"text":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qashqaei, Ali T.","contributorId":287508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qashqaei","given":"Ali","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":61592,"text":"Sahel Square, Parsia Complex, Tehran","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trei, Jan-Niklas","contributorId":287509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trei","given":"Jan-Niklas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61593,"text":"Workgroup on Endangered Species, J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shokri, Shirko","contributorId":287510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shokri","given":"Shirko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61594,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Selyari, Javad","contributorId":287511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selyari","given":"Javad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61596,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment Islamic Azad University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ghasemi, Benjamin","contributorId":287512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghasemi","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61597,"text":"Department of Rangeland, Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sepahvand, Poorya","contributorId":287513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepahvand","given":"Poorya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61598,"text":"Kooch Foundation for communities and Biodiversity Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Egli, Lukas","contributorId":287514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egli","given":"Lukas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61599,"text":"UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nezami, Bagher","contributorId":287515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nezami","given":"Bagher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61600,"text":"Department of Natural Environment and Biodiversity, College of Environment, Karaj, Iran","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zamani, Navid","contributorId":287516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zamani","given":"Navid","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61601,"text":"Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Yusefi, Gholam Hosein","contributorId":287517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yusefi","given":"Gholam","email":"","middleInitial":"Hosein","affiliations":[{"id":61602,"text":"CIBIO/InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources. University of Porto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kiabi, Bahram H.","contributorId":287518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiabi","given":"Bahram","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":61603,"text":"Eskandari 14, PO. Box 14195149, Tehran, Iran.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Balkenhol, Niko","contributorId":287519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balkenhol","given":"Niko","affiliations":[{"id":61604,"text":"Wildlife Sciences, University of Goettingen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Pavey, Chris R.","contributorId":287520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pavey","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39017,"text":"CSIRO Land and Water","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Redpath, Steve M.","contributorId":287596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Redpath","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7165,"text":"University of Aberdeen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Waltert, Matthias","contributorId":287597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waltert","given":"Matthias","affiliations":[{"id":37650,"text":"University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70229183,"text":"70229183 - 2022 - Contrasting Common Era climate and hydrology sensitivities from paired lake sediment dinosterol hydrogen isotope records in the South Pacific Convergence Zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-02T17:24:12.185675","indexId":"70229183","displayToPublicDate":"2022-03-02T10:56:28","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting Common Era climate and hydrology sensitivities from paired lake sediment dinosterol hydrogen isotope records in the South Pacific Convergence Zone","docAbstract":"Hydroclimate on ‘Uvea (Wallis et Futuna) is controlled by rainfall associated with the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), the southern hemisphere's largest precipitation feature. To extend the short observational precipitation record, the hydrogen isotopic composition of the algal lipid biomarker dinosterol (δ2Hdinosterol) was measured in sediment cores from two volcanic crater lakes on ‘Uvea. The modern lakes differ morphologically and chemically but both contain freshwater within the photic zone, support phytoplankton communities inclusive of dinosterol-producing dinoflagellates, and experience identical climate conditions. δ2Hdinosterol values track lake water isotope ratios, ultimately controlled in the tropics by precipitation amount and evaporative enrichment. However, in 88-m-deep Lac Lalolalo a steadily decreasing trend in sedimentary δ2Hdinosterol values from −227‰ around year 988 CE to modern values as low as −303‰, suggests this lake's evolution from an active volcanic setting to the present system strongly influenced δ2Hdinosterol values. Although current hydrology and water isotope systematics may now reflect precipitation and evaporation in this lake, the interaction between these processes and large changes in basin morphology, geochemistry, and hydrology obstruct the recovery of a climate signal from Lac Lalolalo's sedimentary δ2Hdinosterol records. This work emphasizes the importance of site replication and the use of complementary climate reconstruction tools, especially when using molecular proxies that may be sensitive to more than one environmental parameter. Contrary to its neighbor, duplicate δ2Hdinosterol records from 23-m-deep Lac Lanutavake varied between −277‰ and −297‰ and indicate slightly drier conditions during the time-period known as the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, 950–1250 CE). The δ2Hdinosterol signal in Lac Lanutavake was muted compared to published records from ‘Upolu (Samoa) and Efate (Vanuatu) indicating that ‘Uvea's location is not as sensitive to precipitation variability at sites farther from the SPCZ central axis. Lithogenic runoff proxies combined with δ2Hdinosterol support the interpretation of a relatively dry MCA on ‘Uvea, ‘Upolu, and Efate, potentially due to less intense precipitation, a contracted, or a more zonally oriented SPCZ.
Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world’s rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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To prepare for decreased water supply, San Diego County is adopting policies to decrease water use and to develop additional local sources of water. One new local source of freshwater is produced by a desalination facility that purifies brackish groundwater from the coastal San Diego Formation. This formation has been studied extensively onshore, but little is known about the geology or groundwater quality offshore in the adjacent continental shelf. Because most groundwater systems are interconnected and complex, further analysis is needed to identify offshore geology, possible sequestration of freshwater in the shelf, and potential pathways for saltwater intrusion. This comprehensive understanding is important because seawater intrusion may limit use of the San Diego Formation and longevity of desalination facilities. Controlled-source electromagnetic methods are uniquely suited to detecting offshore groundwater as they are sensitive to changes in pore fluids such as the transition from fresh to brackish groundwater. This paper describes results from surface-towed electromagnetic surveys that mapped the pore-fluid salinity and possible fluid pathways in the continental shelf off the coast of San Diego. The results indicate a considerable volume of fresh-to-brackish groundwater sequestered in the shelf, both in continuous lenses and isolated pockets, that appear influenced by fault systems and shallow stratigraphy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s10040-022-02463-y","usgsCitation":"King, R.B., Danskin, W.R., Constable, S., and Maloney, J.M., 2022, Identification of fresh submarine groundwater off the coast of San Diego, USA, using electromagnetic methods: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 30, p. 965-973, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-022-02463-y.","productDescription":"9 p,","startPage":"965","endPage":"973","ipdsId":"IP-132993","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-022-02463-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Baja California, California","city":"San Diego","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 32.400834826722196\n ],\n [\n -116.97967529296874,\n 32.442567075075075\n ],\n [\n -116.43035888671875,\n 32.11980111179328\n ],\n [\n -116.180419921875,\n 32.001088607540446\n ],\n [\n -116.11175537109376,\n 32.05231681645636\n ],\n [\n -116.14196777343749,\n 32.20815332547324\n ],\n [\n -116.45233154296874,\n 32.669436832605314\n ],\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 33.05932046347212\n ],\n [\n -116.82586669921874,\n 33.123750829710225\n ],\n [\n -117.1307373046875,\n 32.960281958039836\n ],\n [\n -117.41638183593749,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -117.49053955078125,\n 32.74339241542703\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 32.400834826722196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Roslynn B. 0000-0001-9944-2463","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9944-2463","contributorId":288371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Roslynn","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":61739,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego and Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Danskin, Wesley R. 0000-0001-8672-5501 wdanskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":1034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"Wesley","email":"wdanskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Constable, Steven","contributorId":9178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Constable","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maloney, Jillian M. 0000-0001-8223-4676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8223-4676","contributorId":261208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maloney","given":"Jillian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70235703,"text":"70235703 - 2022 - Limited land base and competing land uses force societal tradeoffs when siting energy development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T17:25:06.545554","indexId":"70235703","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-28T16:04:30","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limited land base and competing land uses force societal tradeoffs when siting energy development","docAbstract":"As human populations grow, decisions regarding use of the world's finite land base become increasingly complex. We adopted a land use–conflict scenario involving renewable energy to illustrate one potential cause of these conflicts and resulting tradeoff decisions. Renewable energy industries wishing to expand operations in the United States are limited by multijurisdictional regulations in finding developable land. Interest groups entreat industries to avoid land for various reasons, including avoidance of prime wildlife habitat in accordance with an “avoidance-first” mitigation strategy. By applying a uniform set of rules for renewable energy facilities to the Prairie Pothole Region and portions of the Northern Great Plains, we evaluated the effects of regulations and avoidance of prime wildlife habitat on the amount of land available for development. In our scenario, existing regulations excluded 39% of the project area from potential development, with human infrastructure accounting for 30% (10–66% among states), whereas federally protected species accounted for < 1% at project area and state levels. Unregulated lands accounted for 61% of the project area, with conservation areas predicted as high-quality sites for breeding grassland birds and waterfowl and for migrating whooping cranes Grus americana accounting for 19% within the project area (6–27% among states). This model demonstrated a limited land base available for new development when accounting for regulations and concerns of a subset of societal interest groups. Additional interest groups likely will have different and competing concerns, further emphasizing the complexity of future land-use decisions as the available land base for development diminishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-21-036","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, J.A., Niemuth, N.D., Loesch, C.R., Derby, C.E., Pearse, A.T., Barnes, K.W., Shaffer, T.L., and Ryba, A.J., 2022, Limited land base and competing land uses force societal tradeoffs when siting energy development: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 13, no. 1, p. 106-123, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-21-036.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"123","ipdsId":"IP-122448","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-21-036","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":405160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708 jshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":3184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Jill","email":"jshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niemuth, Neal D. 0009-0006-9637-5588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9637-5588","contributorId":204334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemuth","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36919,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat and Population Evaluation Team","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loesch, Charles R. 0000-0003-3090-1566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3090-1566","contributorId":213437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loesch","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derby, Clayton E.","contributorId":295253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derby","given":"Clayton","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38051,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T. 0000-0002-6137-1556 apearse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-1556","contributorId":1772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron","email":"apearse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnes, Kevin W.","contributorId":295254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ryba, Adam J.","contributorId":204335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryba","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36919,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat and Population Evaluation Team","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70229057,"text":"70229057 - 2022 - Water chemistry, exposure routes and metal forms determine the bioaccumulation dynamics of silver (ionic and nanoparticulate) in Daphnia magna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-28T15:04:24.769878","indexId":"70229057","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-28T08:49:36","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Water chemistry, exposure routes and metal forms determine the bioaccumulation dynamics of silver (ionic and nanoparticulate) in Daphnia magna","title":"Water chemistry, exposure routes and metal forms determine the bioaccumulation dynamics of silver (ionic and nanoparticulate) in Daphnia magna","docAbstract":"Treatment wetlands utilize various physical and biological processes to reduce levels of organic contaminants, metals, bacteria, and suspended solids. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one type of contaminant that can enter treatment wetlands and impact the overall treatment efficacy. Grazing by filter-feeding zooplankton, such as Daphnia magna, is critical to treatment wetland functioning; but the effects of AgNPs on zooplankton are not fully understood, especially at environmentally relevant concentrations. We characterized the bioaccumulation kinetics of dissolved and nanoparticulate (citrate-coated) 109Ag in D. magna exposed to environmentally relevant 109Ag concentrations (i.e., 0.2–23 nmol L−1 Ag) using a stable isotope as a tracer of Ag. Both aqueous and nanoparticulate forms of 109Ag were bioavailable to D. magna after exposure. Water chemistry affected 109Ag influx from 109AgNP but not from 109AgNO3. Silver retention was greater for citrate-coated 109AgNP than dissolved 109Ag, indicating a greater potential for bioaccumulation from nanoparticulate Ag. Feeding inhibition was observed at higher dietary 109Ag concentrations, which could lead to reduced treatment wetland performance. Our results illustrate the importance of using environmentally relevant concentrations and media compositions when predicting Ag bioaccumulation and provide insight into potential effects on filter feeders critical to the function of treatment wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1002/etc.5271","usgsCitation":"Lesser, E., Sheikh, F.N., Sikder, M., Croteau, M.N., Franklin, N., Baalousha, M., and Ismail, N.S., 2022, Water chemistry, exposure routes and metal forms determine the bioaccumulation dynamics of silver (ionic and nanoparticulate) in Daphnia magna: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 41, no. 3, p. 726-738, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5271.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"726","endPage":"738","ipdsId":"IP-131554","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lesser, Emma","contributorId":286941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesser","given":"Emma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47946,"text":"Smith College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheikh, Fatima Noor","contributorId":286942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheikh","given":"Fatima","email":"","middleInitial":"Noor","affiliations":[{"id":47946,"text":"Smith College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sikder, Mithun 0000-0002-6295-0939","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-0939","contributorId":255449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sikder","given":"Mithun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37804,"text":"University of South Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Franklin, Natasha","contributorId":286944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franklin","given":"Natasha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baalousha, Mohammed","contributorId":239642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baalousha","given":"Mohammed","affiliations":[{"id":37804,"text":"University of South Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ismail, Niveen S.","contributorId":286947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ismail","given":"Niveen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":47946,"text":"Smith College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70229414,"text":"70229414 - 2022 - State of stress in areas of active unconventional oil and gas development in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-07T11:58:56.628602","indexId":"70229414","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-28T05:54:09","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State of stress in areas of active unconventional oil and gas development in North America","docAbstract":"In this paper, we present comprehensive data on stress orientation and relative magnitude in areas throughout North America where unconventional oil and gas are currently being developed. We find excellent agreement between maximum horizontal principal stress (SHmax) orientations over a wide range of depths, using multiple methods. In all basins studied, we observed coherent stress fields that in some cases vary systematically from one part of a basin to another. In the Appalachian Basin in the eastern United States, SHmax is oriented northeast–southwest to east-northeast–west-southwest and the style of faulting is compressive, transitioning from reverse faulting in eastern Pennsylvania and New York to principally strike-slip faulting in western Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia. In the midcontinent, central Oklahoma is characterized by an approximately east–west SHmax direction and strike-slip faulting. The Fort Worth Basin in northeastern Texas is characterized by normal–strike-slip faulting and a north-northeast–south-southwest SHmax direction. In the Midland subbasin of western Texas, SHmax is consistently approximately east–west and normal–strike-slip faulting is observed. Farther west, the Delaware subbasin of western Texas and southeastern New Mexico is characterized by normal faulting and SHmax rotates ∼150° clockwise from north to south. Marked changes in SHmax direction also occur across the Raton Basin of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, the Denver-Julesburg Basin in northern Colorado, and the Uinta Basin in northeastern Utah, likely associated with their location near the margins of extensional provinces. The new data sets we present help improve operational efficiency by constraining absolute stress magnitudes and the ideal azimuth to drill horizontal wells (i.e., perpendicular to the local SHmax orientation) and make it possible to predict which fractures and faults are likely to be activated during hydraulic stimulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/08102120151","usgsCitation":"Lundstern, J., and Zoback, M., 2022, State of stress in areas of active unconventional oil and gas development in North America: AAPG Bulletin, v. 106, no. 2, p. 355-385, https://doi.org/10.1306/08102120151.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"385","ipdsId":"IP-120371","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90LS6QF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Maximum horizontal stress orientation and relative stress magnitude (faulting regime) data throughout North America"},{"id":396771,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundstern, Jens-Erik 0000-0003-0000-8013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0000-8013","contributorId":264189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstern","given":"Jens-Erik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, Mark D. 0000-0002-8851-2099","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8851-2099","contributorId":288082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[{"id":61706,"text":"Stanford University Department of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70256704,"text":"70256704 - 2022 - Bright spots for inland fish and fisheries to guide future hydropower development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-03T15:00:17.796476","indexId":"70256704","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-26T09:48:30","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17103,"text":"Water Biology and Security","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bright spots for inland fish and fisheries to guide future hydropower development","docAbstract":"Hydropower production is one of the greatest threats to fluvial ecosystems and freshwater biodiversity. Now that we have entered the Anthropocene, there is an opportunity to reflect on what might constitute a ‘sustainable’ Anthropocene in the context of hydropower and riverine fish populations. Considering elements of existing practices that promote favorable social-ecological outcomes (i.e., ‘bright spots’) is timely given that there are plans to expand hydropower capacity in previously undammed rivers, intensify dam development in some of the world's largest river systems, and re-license existing facilities. We approach this from a pragmatic perspective: for the foreseeable future, hydropower will likely remain an important source of renewable electricity. To offer support for moving toward a more ‘sustainable’ Anthropocene, we provide syntheses of best practices during the siting, design, construction, operation, and compensation phases of hydropower development to minimize impacts on inland fish. For each phase, we offer positive examples (or what might be considered ‘bright spots’) pertaining to some of the approaches described within our syntheses, acknowledging that these projects may not be viewed as without ecological and (or) societal detriment by all stakeholders. Our findings underscore the importance of protecting critical habitat and free-flowing river reaches through careful site selection and basin-scale planning, infrastructure designs that minimize reservoir effects and facilitate safe passage of fish, construction of hydropower plants using best practices that minimize long-term damage, operating guidelines that mimic natural flow conditions, and compensation that is lasting, effective, inclusive, and locally relevant. Learning from these ‘bright spots’ may require engagement of diverse stakeholders, professionals, and governments at scales that extend well beyond a given site, river, or even basin. Indeed, environmental planning that integrates hydropower development into broader discussions of conserving regional biodiversity and ecosystem services will be of utmost importance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2022.100009","usgsCitation":"Twardek, W., Cowx, I., Lapointe, N.W., Paukert, C.P., Beard, T., Bennett, E., Browne, D., Carlson, A., Clarke, K.D., Hogan, Z., Lorenzen, K., Lynch, A., McIntyre, P.B., Pompeu, P.S., Rogers, M.W., Sakas, A., Taylor, W., Ward, T.D., Basher, Z., and Cooke, S., 2022, Bright spots for inland fish and fisheries to guide future hydropower development: Water Biology and Security, v. 1, no. 1, 100009, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watbs.2022.100009.","productDescription":"100009, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-134471","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watbs.2022.100009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433405,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twardek, William M.","contributorId":341625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twardek","given":"William M.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowx, Ian G.","contributorId":341626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cowx","given":"Ian G.","affiliations":[{"id":81763,"text":"Fisheries Institute at the University of Hull","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lapointe, Nicolas W.R.","contributorId":341627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapointe","given":"Nicolas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.R.","affiliations":[{"id":54575,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Federation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":245524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beard, T. 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(ClO4−) has synthetic and natural sources. Synthetic ClO4− is released to the environment from its use as an oxidant in military and aerospace applications, and from its presence in a variety of common commercial products, such as safety flares, chlorate herbicides, and fireworks. Natural sources of ClO4− in the environment include imported nitrate fertilizers derived from salt deposits in the Atacama Desert of Chile and indigenous natural ClO4− that accumulates in unsaturated soils and groundwaters in other arid and semi-arid environments, largely from atmospheric deposition. The stable isotope ratios of chlorine (37Cl/35Cl) and oxygen (18O/16O, 17O/16O) and the isotopic abundance of radioactive 36Cl in ClO4− can be used to discriminate these different sources. Perchlorate was previously detected at relatively high concentrations (3.8–34.7 μg/L) in groundwater from many wells in the Boardman-Umatilla area near the Columbia River in northeastern Oregon, which is a semi-arid, highly agricultural, heavily irrigated area that includes several past and current military installations. Eight representative groundwater wells were sampled throughout this region and isotopic characteristics of ClO4− collected from each well were measured along with other chemical and isotopic parameters including tritium and other groundwater age indicators. Isotopic data indicate that indigenous natural ClO4− was present in groundwater from all sampled wells and was the predominant source in five of the wells. Synthetic ClO4− was present in the three remaining wells with natural ClO4−, and a minor fraction of Atacama-fertilizer-derived ClO4− was indicated in one of the wells. Data from this study expand the geographic area of the USA in which indigenous natural ClO4− has been detected to include the semi-arid northwest. This study also illustrates the role of irrigation recharge as a mechanism for producing relatively high concentrations of indigenous natural ClO4− in groundwater by flushing accumulated salts from the unsaturated zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105232","usgsCitation":"Hatzinger, P.B., Bohlke, J., Jackson, W., Gu, B., Mroczkowski, S.J., and Sturchio, N.C., 2022, Isotopic discrimination of natural and anthropogenic perchlorate sources in groundwater in a semi-arid region of northeastern Oregon (USA): Applied Geochemistry, v. 139, 105232, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105232.","productDescription":"105232, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130304","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1879959","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":399737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the sensitivity of microearthquake slip inversions to station distribution using a dense nodal array","docAbstract":"To investigate the sensitivity of slip inversions to station distribution and choice of empirical Green’s function (EGF), we examine three microearthquakes that occurred within the high‐density LArge‐n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO) nodal seismic array. The LASSO array’s dense distribution of 1825 geophones provides an exceptional level of spatial and azimuthal coverage, allowing for more accurate inversions of slip than are possible with typical station distributions. The highly accurate slip inversions, in turn, allow for the exploration of the sensitivity of slip inversions to station distribution and parameter choices. We examine the effects of these choices using three well‐recorded strike‐slip microearthquakes (ML 1.7, 2.3, and 2.7) using an EGF method. From this analysis and the systematic testing of varied network arrangements, we find that station distributions that have uniform coverage of azimuth and distance can retrieve the overall pattern of slip, but the estimated amplitude of slip can vary by 30% for high‐slip regions due to small variations in station location. In addition, we find that the distance range that accurately resolves the overall pattern of slip is the one that contains the takeoff angles of 45°–65°. Concerning azimuthal coverage, a network with >270° performs similarly to having complete coverage. The choice of EGF can shift the location of resolved areas of slip and their amplitude, depending on its similarity in location and radiation pattern to the target earthquake.
We introduce procedures to validate site response in sedimentary basins as predicted using ground motion simulations. These procedures aim to isolate contributions of site response to computed intensity measures relative to those from seismic source and path effects. In one of the validation procedures, simulated motions are analyzed in the same manner as earthquake recordings to derive non-ergodic site terms. This procedure compares the scaling with sediment isosurface depth of simulated versus empirical site terms (the latter having been derived in a separate study). A second validation procedure utilizes two sets of simulations, one that considers three-dimensional (3D) basin structure and a second that utilizes a one-dimensional (1D) representation of the crustal structure. Identical sources are used in both procedures, and after correcting for variable path effects, differences in ground motions are used to estimate site amplification in 3D basins. Such site responses are compared to those derived empirically to validate both the absolute levels and the depth scaling of site response from 3D simulations. We apply both procedures to southern California in a manner that is consistent between the simulated and empirical data (i.e. by using similar event locations and magnitudes). The results show that the 3D simulations overpredict the depth-scaling and absolute levels of site amplification in basins. However, overall patterns of site amplification with depth are similar, suggesting that future calibration may be able to remove observed biases.
Episodes of unrest are not as well documented as eruptions at most volcanoes globally. Iliamna is an andesitic stratovolcano in the Cook Inlet of Alaska that has experienced several episodes of unrest. Unrest in 1996 was previously studied. Here we present data from a minor period of unrest between 2002 and 2006, and a more significant period in 2012. None of the episodes led to an eruption. A dike intrusion was suggested for the 1996 unrest based on increases in gas emissions and seismic analysis. The 2002–2006 period was characterized by a slight increase in the rate of seismicity to 13 events per day and was particularly notable due to an increase in deep long period (DLP) seismic events between 15 and 37 km that were not observed at other times. This period also included one airborne gas measurement with and elevated CO2/SO2 molar ratio (17). In 2012, Iliamna unrest was characterized by significantly elevated gas emissions (up to 582 t/d SO2 and 1385 t/d CO2) and up to 49 located earthquakes per day (M > 0), and was remarkably similar to the 1996 unrest. Differences in the observed evolution of the CO2/SO2 gas ratio in 2012 (2.2–4) compared to that in 1996 (up to 18) suggests that no new deep magma was involved in 2012, however this does not preclude the movement of a previously intruded magma. A months-long increase in the SO2/H2S molar ratio from 8 to 17 during the peak of the activity could reflect a temperature increase on the order of 10–30 °C of the emitted gas. Compared to pre-eruptive unrest at other Cook Inlet volcanoes, Iliamna unrest in 2012 differed in that gas emissions were < 1500 t/d and seismicity lacked a rapidly escalating sequence of earthquakes and volcanic tremor, which is normally observed in the hours to days before eruption. The observation of DLPs, the fact that Iliamna produces moderately elevated degassing over decadal timeframes, and the persistent dominance of SO2 over H2S, suggests that periodic input of fresh magma from the lower crust sustains the shallower magmatic system over time, which sets it apart from neighboring volcanoes in the Cook Inlet that show minimal activity between eruptions. Various scenarios could explain why Iliamna did not proceed to eruption in 2012. Finally, we present criteria by which monitoring data may suggest an increased likelihood of eruption at Iliamna in the future.
Outbreaks of defoliating insects in low-diversity tropical forests occur infrequently but provide valuable insights about outbreak ecology in temperate environments and in general. We investigated an extensive outbreak of the endemic koa moth (Scotorythra paludicola), which defoliated endemic koa trees (Acacia koa) over a third of their range on Hawai‘i Island during 2013 and 2014. At Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, we observed the dynamics of the outbreak and its effects on host trees, nutrient cycling, and insectivorous consumers in reforestation stands of densely planted koa and in natural forest stands of mixed koa and ‘ōhi‘a (Metrosideros polymorpha). Contrary to predictions of the resource concentration hypothesis, caterpillar biomass and defoliation severity were greater in the natural forest sites, where koa density was relatively low. Caterpillars preferentially consumed the most palatable koa foliage type (phyllodes), and koa initially refoliated with the least palatable foliage type (true leaves). Lightly defoliated small trees refoliated more quickly than did heavily defoliated ones but the opposite was true for large trees, which also produced a greater proportion of phyllodes. Mortality was greatest for heavily defoliated small koa. Caterpillar frass caused larger increases in soil nitrogen (N) than phosphorus (P) availability, with the greatest N increases in fine-textured soils. Foliar N increased in alien grasses under koa canopies compared to grasses away from koa and to native woody understory species. Bird activity was influenced by ‘ōhi‘a flower abundance and the severity of koa defoliation; birds switched to outbreaking caterpillar prey, and they gained weight during the outbreak. Bat foraging times decreased during the outbreak, apparently because they became satiated quickly each night. Parasitoid wasps increased with caterpillar abundance but had little influence on outbreak dynamics. Reducing alien grass cover and increasing tree diversity would likely reduce the impacts of insect outbreaks and similar perturbations to native forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3926","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., Peck, R.W., Yelenik, S.G., Paxton, E.H., Bonaccorso, F., Montoya-Aiona, K., Hughes, R.F., and Perakis, S.S., 2022, Hypotheses and lessons from a native moth outbreak in a low-diversity, tropical rainforest: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 2, p. 1-41, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3926.","productDescription":"e3926, 41 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-080107","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3926","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HE9WKK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hawaii Island insect response to koa moth (Scotorythra paludicola) outbreak, 2013-2014"},{"id":435957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J9QQ96","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hakalau litter, frass, soil, and understory foliar nitrogen during a koa moth outbreak, 2013-2014"},{"id":435956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HU5SBC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hawaii Island tree response to koa moth outbreak, 2013-2014"},{"id":435955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CKV8QM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hawaii Island bird response to koa moth outbreak, 2013-2014"},{"id":396220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai'i Island, Laupāhoehoe Natural Area Reserve, Saddle Road","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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G. 0000-0002-9011-0769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-0769","contributorId":256836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yelenik","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":51875,"text":"formerly U.S. Geological Survey; currently Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonaccorso, Frank 0000-0002-5490-3083 fbonaccorso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5490-3083","contributorId":143709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonaccorso","given":"Frank","email":"fbonaccorso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Montoya-Aiona, Kristina 0000-0002-1776-5443 kmontoya-aiona@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-5443","contributorId":5899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montoya-Aiona","given":"Kristina","email":"kmontoya-aiona@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hughes, R. Flint","contributorId":140151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Flint","affiliations":[{"id":13397,"text":"USDA Forest Service, fhughes@fs.fed.us","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314 sperakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":145528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven","email":"sperakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70230539,"text":"70230539 - 2022 - Multi-species, multi-country analysis reveals North Americans are willing to pay for transborder migratory species conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T17:14:42.774525","indexId":"70230539","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-21T06:43:12","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5936,"text":"People and Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-species, multi-country analysis reveals North Americans are willing to pay for transborder migratory species conservation","docAbstract":"Spring floods trigger spawning in many native fishes of the desert Southwest (USA), but less is known about fish community response when native fishes are rare. Here, we document change to native and nonnative fish captures and instream habitat features following a decade-high flooding event (2019) in the Verde River (AZ) where native fish captures were rare in the years pre-flood. Using prepositioned areal electrofishing devices (PAEDs), we sampled the fish community at 90 sampling units pre-flood (2017) and resampled those same units post-flood (2019) to compare and identify changes to catch and habitat features. Relative abundance of native fishes increased from 0.6% pre-flood (0.01 fish/PAED) to 53.0% post-flood (1.66 fish/PAED) and was largely attributable to the presence of juvenile Roundtail Chub Gila robusta (≤ 70 mm total length (TL)) and juvenile Sonora Sucker Catostomus insignis (≤ 100 mm TL). Juvenile Desert Sucker Catostomus clarkii experienced a lesser increase. One adult native fish was captured in 2017 and adult native fishes were absent from 2019 sampling. The catch of adult/subadult Common Carp Cyprinus carpio (> 100 mm TL) declined; however, this could be related to reservoir management and not the flood. The abundance of all size-classes of Black Bass Micropterus spp., Red Shiner Cyprinella lutrensis and other nonnative fishes did not change. The majority (97%) of juvenile native fishes were captured at the uppermost sampling reach. A 54% reduction to canopy cover across all sampling reaches and an increase of fine sediments at the most downstream reach demonstrates how floods can restructure the river environment. This case-study adds evidence that protection of spring floods is vital to the persistence and recolonization of fishes native to the desert Southwest, especially where they are rare. The continued presence of nonnative species may preclude juvenile native fishes from recruiting to adults.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2021.2002734","usgsCitation":"Jenney, C.J., Nemec, Z.C., Lee, L.N., and Bonar, S.A., 2022, Increased juvenile native fish abundance following a major flood in an Arizona river: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 37, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2021.2002734.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-135120","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2021.2002734","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":429646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Verde River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.47741088388918,\n 33.945270025606774\n ],\n [\n -111.47741088388918,\n 34.92271952728409\n ],\n [\n -112.26906155680956,\n 34.92271952728409\n ],\n [\n -112.26906155680956,\n 33.945270025606774\n ],\n [\n -111.47741088388918,\n 33.945270025606774\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenney, Christopher J.","contributorId":288206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenney","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nemec, Zach C.","contributorId":288222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nemec","given":"Zach","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":56363,"text":"uaz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Larissa N.","contributorId":288223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Larissa","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":56363,"text":"uaz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70229665,"text":"70229665 - 2022 - Managing multiple species with conflicting needs in the Greater Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T13:50:36.683544","indexId":"70229665","displayToPublicDate":"2022-02-16T08:10:29","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing multiple species with conflicting needs in the Greater Everglades","docAbstract":"Given limited funding, natural resources decision making is riddled with tradeoffs, including which species or landscapes to prioritize for management action. Florida’s Everglades wetland is home to numerous indicator species, some of which are endangered. But with a multitude of species comes differing hydrologic requirements to yield appropriate foraging and breeding conditions for each. The Everglades ecosystem is highly managed, with water being moved across the landscape to meet the habitat and reproductive needs of species of concern. Predictive modeling can help water managers understand potential consequences to targeted water conditions. EverForecast is a novel spatially explicit, hydrologic, and ecological operational forecast developed to inform conservation management decisions. Not only does EverForecast provide probable near-term water conditions, but also predicted species responses to those hydrologic conditions. Using examples from two focal regions of the Everglades, we show the magnitude of impacts to a suite of species and an almost 70% decline in suitable conditions for one species when prioritizing water management to meet the needs of another species. Although EverForecast is a relatively new decision support tool, its hydrologic outputs are already commonly used to make water management recommendations because it provides near-term hydrologic forecasts that scientists and managers need for water operations decision making. Because species management decisions have historically been made to target a single species at a time, it may take longer for full utility of EverForecast’s ability to quantify tradeoffs among species to become integrated into decision making.