Rare earth elements (REE), with their unique physical and chemical properties, are an essential part of modern living. REE have enabled development and manufacture of high-performance materials, processes, and electronic technologies commonly used today in computing and communications, clean energy and transportation, medical treatment and health care, glass and ceramics, aerospace and defense, and metallurgy and chemical refining. Central Asia is an emerging REE and rare metals (RM) producing region. A newly compiled inventory of REE-RM-bearing mineral occurrences and delineation of areas-of-interest indicate this region may have considerable undiscovered resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173089","usgsCitation":"Mihalasky, M.J., Tucker, R.D., Renaud, K., and Verstraeten, I.M., 2018, Rare earth element and rare metal inventory of central Asia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2017–3089, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173089.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-089992","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3089/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":352224,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3089/fs20173089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Fact Sheet 2017-3089"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 45,\n 35\n ],\n [\n 90,\n 35\n ],\n [\n 90,\n 56\n ],\n [\n 45,\n 56\n ],\n [\n 45,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) intercropping is a novel forest management practice for biomass production intended to generate cellulosic feedstocks within intensively managed loblolly pine‐dominated landscapes. These pine plantations are important for early‐successional bird species, as short rotation times continually maintain early‐successional habitat. We tested the efficacy of using community models compared to individual surrogate species models in understanding influences on nest survival. We analysed nest data to test for differences in habitat use for 14 bird species in plots managed for switchgrass intercropping and controls within loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in Mississippi, USA.
We adapted hierarchical models using hyper‐parameters to incorporate information from both common and rare species to understand community‐level nest survival. This approach incorporates rare species that are often discarded due to low sample sizes, but can inform community‐level demographic parameter estimates. We illustrate use of this approach in generating both species‐level and community‐wide estimates of daily survival rates for songbird nests. We were able to include rare species with low sample size (minimum n = 5) to inform a hyper‐prior, allowing us to estimate effects of covariates on daily survival at the community level, then compare this with a single‐species approach using surrogate species. Using single‐species models, we were unable to generate estimates below a sample size of 21 nests per species.
Community model species‐level survival and parameter estimates were similar to those generated by five single‐species models, with improved precision in community model parameters.
Covariates of nest placement indicated that switchgrass at the nest site (<4 m) reduced daily nest survival, although intercropping at the forest stand level increased daily nest survival.
Synthesis and applications. Community models represent a viable method for estimating community nest survival rates and effects of covariates while incorporating limited data for rarely detected species. Intercropping switchgrass in loblolly pine plantations slightly increased daily nest survival at the research plot scale (0.1 km2), although at a local scale (50 m2) switchgrass negatively influenced nest survival. A likely explanation is intercropping shifted community composition, favouring species with greater disturbance tolerance.
Effective reintroduction strategies require accurate estimates of vital rates and the factors that influence them. The hirola (Beatragus hunteri) is the rarest antelope on Earth, with a global population size of <500 individuals restricted to the Kenya–Somali border. We estimated vital rates of hirola populations exposed to varying levels of predation and rangeland quality from 2012 to 2015, and then built population matrices to estimate the finite rate of population change (λ) and demographic sensitivities. Mean survival for all age classes and population growth was highest in the low‐predation–high‐rangeland‐quality setting (λ = 1.08 ± 0.03 [mean ± SE]), and lowest in the high‐predation–low‐rangeland‐quality setting (λ = 0.70 ± 0.22). Retrospective demographic analyses revealed that increased fecundity (the number of female calves born to adult females annually) and female calf survival were responsible for higher population growth where large carnivores were absent. In contrast, variation in adult female survival was the primary contributor to differences in population growth attributable to rangeland quality. Our analyses suggest that hirola demography is driven by a combination of top‐down (predation) and bottom‐up (rangeland quality) forces, with populations in the contemporary geographic range impacted both by declining rangeland quality and predation. To enhance the chances of successful reintroductions, conservationists can consider rangeland restoration to boost both the survival and fecundity of adult females within the hirola's historical range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.1664","usgsCitation":"Ali, A.H., Kauffman, M., Amin, R., Kibara, A., King, J., Mallon, D.P., Musyoki, C., and Goheen, J.R., 2018, Demographic drivers of a refugee species: Large‐scale experiments guide strategies for reintroductions of hirola: Ecological Applications, v. 28, no. 2, p. 275-283, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1664.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"283","ipdsId":"IP-081608","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee70ee4b0da30c1bfc094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ali, Abdullahi H.","contributorId":204993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ali","given":"Abdullahi","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900 mkauffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":189179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":735388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amin, Rajan","contributorId":204994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amin","given":"Rajan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kibara, Amos","contributorId":204995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kibara","given":"Amos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, Juliet","contributorId":204996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Juliet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mallon, David P.","contributorId":95814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallon","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Musyoki, Charles","contributorId":204997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Musyoki","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goheen, Jacob R.","contributorId":200193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goheen","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70196763,"text":"70196763 - 2018 - Timber harvest as the predominant disturbance regime in northeastern U.S. forests: Effects of harvest intensification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-30T13:06:26","indexId":"70196763","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timber harvest as the predominant disturbance regime in northeastern U.S. forests: Effects of harvest intensification","docAbstract":"Harvesting is the leading cause of adult tree mortality in forests of the northeastern United States. While current rates of timber harvest are generally sustainable, there is considerable pressure to increase the contribution of forest biomass to meet renewable energy goals. We estimated current harvest regimes for different forest types and regions across the U.S. states of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine using data from the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. We implemented the harvest regimes in SORTIE‐ND, an individual‐based model of forest dynamics, and simulated the effects of current harvest regimes and five additional harvest scenarios that varied by harvest frequency and intensity over 150 yr. The best statistical model for the harvest regime described the annual probability of harvest as a function of forest type/region, total plot basal area, and distance to the nearest improved road. Forests were predicted to increase in adult aboveground biomass in all harvest scenarios in all forest type and region combinations. The magnitude of the increase, however, varied dramatically—increasing from 3% to 120% above current landscape averages as harvest frequency and intensity decreased. The variation can be largely explained by the disproportionately high harvest rates estimated for Maine as compared with the rest of the region. Despite steady biomass accumulation across the landscape, stands that exhibited old‐growth characteristics (defined as ≥300 metric tons of biomass/hectare) were rare (8% or less of stands). Intensified harvest regimes had little effect on species composition due to widespread partial harvesting in all scenarios, resulting in dominance by late‐successional species over time. Our analyses indicate that forest biomass can represent a sustainable, if small, component of renewable energy portfolios in the region, although there are tradeoffs between carbon sequestration in forest biomass and sustainable feedstock supply. Integrating harvest regimes into a disturbance theory framework is critical to understanding the dynamics of forested landscapes, especially given the predominance of logging as a disturbance agent and the increasing pressure to meet renewable energy needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2062","usgsCitation":"Brown, M.L., Canham, C.D., Murphy, L., and Donovan, T.M., 2018, Timber harvest as the predominant disturbance regime in northeastern U.S. forests: Effects of harvest intensification: Ecosphere, v. 9, no. 3, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2062.","productDescription":"e02062; 19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-086575","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2062","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee70fe4b0da30c1bfc0a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Michelle L.","contributorId":168990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":734289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Canham, Charles D.","contributorId":152138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Lora","contributorId":196420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Lora","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donovan, Therese M. 0000-0001-8124-9251 tdonovan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-9251","contributorId":204296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195753,"text":"70195753 - 2018 - The geochemistry of loess: Asian and North American deposits compared","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T11:10:32","indexId":"70195753","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2184,"text":"Journal of Asian Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry of loess: Asian and North American deposits compared","docAbstract":"Loess is widely distributed over Asia and North America and constitutes one of the most important surficial deposits that serve as terrestrial records of the Quaternary. The oldest Pleistocene loess in China is likely ∼2.6 Ma, thus spanning much or all of the Pleistocene. In North America, most loess is no older than the penultimate glacial period, with the exception of Alaska, where the record may go back to ∼3.0 Ma. On both continents, loess deposits date primarily to glacial periods, and interglacial or interstadial periods are represented by paleosols. Both glacial and non-glacial sources of silts that comprise the bulk of loess deposits are found on both continents. Although loess has been considered to be representative of the average upper continental crust, there are regionally distinctive compositions of loess in both Asia and North America. Loess deposits in Asia from Yakutia, Tajikistan, and China have compositionally distinct major element compositions, due to varying abundances of silicate minerals, carbonate minerals, and clay minerals. In North America, loess in the Mississippi River valley, the Great Plains, and Alaska are also distinguishable with regard to major element composition that reflects highly diverse source sediments. Trace element geochemistry (Sc-Th-Zr and the rare earth elements) also shows regional diversity of loess bodies, in both Asia and North America. On both continents, most loess bodies show significant contributions from later-cycle, altered sedimentary rocks, as opposed to direct derivation from igneous rocks. Further, some loess bodies have detectable contributions from mafic igneous rocks as well as major contributions from average, upper-crustal, felsic rocks. Intercalated paleosols in loess sections show geochemical compositions that differ significantly from the underlying loess parent materials. Ratios of soluble-to-insoluble elements show depletions in paleosols due to chemical weathering losses of calcite, dolomite, plagioclase, mica, apatite, and smectite. In Asia and North America, the last interglacial paleosol is more weathered than equivalent modern soils, which could be due either to a climate that was warmer and more humid, a longer period of pedogenesis, or both. In Asia, early Pleistocene loess and paleosols are both more weathered than those from the middle and late Pleistocene, forming prior to a mid-Pleistocene aridification of Asia from uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Understanding the geochemistry of loess and paleosols can tell us much about past atmospheric circulation, past temperature and moisture regimes, and even tectonic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.10.032","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., 2018, The geochemistry of loess: Asian and North American deposits compared: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 155, p. 81-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.10.032.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"115","ipdsId":"IP-091000","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.10.032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee714e4b0da30c1bfc0ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":140288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70195720,"text":"70195720 - 2018 - Anthropogenic impact in the Mayan Lowlands of Petén, Guatemala, during the last 5500 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T09:34:02","indexId":"70195720","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2437,"text":"Journal of Quaternary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic impact in the Mayan Lowlands of Petén, Guatemala, during the last 5500 years","docAbstract":"Trace and rare earth elements from a Lake Peten Itzá (Guatemala) sediment core depict the geochemical dynamics affecting the lake from ~5500 y BP to the present. This timing encompasses the Preclassic (4000 to 1700 y BP) and Classic Periods (1700-1000 y BP) when thriving Maya societies extensively cleared land for agriculture. We demonstrate that this land use occurred during times of increased precipitation, where both processes resulted in increased erosion. Rare earth element ratios depict high precipitation rates between 3000 to 1000 y BP, correlating with an increase in allocthonous silicate input and low organic carbon in the “Maya Clay” stratigraphic section, where this layer is ascribed to intensive anthropogenic land use. Cesium anomalies provide additional evidence for runoff due to high rainfalls and amplified by anthropogenic impacts. The Peten Itzá core contains anomalous spikes of arsenic and mercury, where these peaks correspond to documented volcanic eruptions, and therefore are likely due to natural causes. The geochemical composition of sediments and palynological records indicate a re-growth of the forest after ~900 y BP. This increased forest vegetation coincides with the timing of the decline in Maya agriculture.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3013","usgsCitation":"Battistel, D., Roman, M., Marchetti, A., Kehrwald, N.M., Radaelli, M., Balliana, E., Toscano, G., and Barbante, C., 2018, Anthropogenic impact in the Mayan Lowlands of Petén, Guatemala, during the last 5500 years: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 33, no. 2, p. 166-176, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"176","ipdsId":"IP-085878","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10278/3697605","text":"External 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Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Balliana, Eleanora","contributorId":202821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balliana","given":"Eleanora","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36529,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Toscano, Giuseppina","contributorId":202822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toscano","given":"Giuseppina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36531,"text":"Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes -- CNR, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barbante, Carlo","contributorId":202632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbante","given":"Carlo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36503,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Infomatics, and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (VE), Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70222584,"text":"70222584 - 2018 - Rare long-distance dispersal of the Island Night Lizard, Xantusia riversiana, maintains high diversity in a fragmented environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-05T21:06:33.373807","indexId":"70222584","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-24T15:59:40","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rare long-distance dispersal of the Island Night Lizard, Xantusia riversiana, maintains high diversity in a fragmented environment","title":"Rare long-distance dispersal of the Island Night Lizard, Xantusia riversiana, maintains high diversity in a fragmented environment","docAbstract":"The Island Night Lizard (Xantusia riversiana) is endemic to three of the Channel Islands off the coast of California, USA. Introduced species such as goats, sheep, and cats have profoundly affected the fauna and flora of the islands for over 150 years, but most of these non-native species have been recently removed. We measured the distribution of genetic diversity in Island Night Lizards across San Nicolas Island using DNA microsatellites to assess the impacts of historical habitat change on effective population size, gene flow, and population divergence; to provide baseline data for future monitoring of genetic diversity; and to provide recommendations to inform the restoration of degraded habitat. Despite a history of profound anthropogenic habitat disturbance, genetic diversity was high within sites, and there was no evidence of population bottlenecks. Divergence between sites was extraordinarily high, as expected for this sedentary species. Landscape resistance modeling using circuit theory showed that unsuitable habitat is relatively permeable to gene flow compared to suitable habitat, and yet populations separated by very short geographic distances remain genetically distinct. We found no evidence of a need for short-term intervention such as artificial translocations to maintain genetic diversity. Instead, we suggest that management should focus on maintaining, improving, and increasing habitat, especially in creating patches of habitat to link existing sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-018-1055-x","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, R.P., Drost, C.A., Fellers, G.M., Crabb, B.A., and Mock, K., 2018, Rare long-distance dispersal of the Island Night Lizard, Xantusia riversiana, maintains high diversity in a fragmented environment: Conservation Genetics, v. 19, p. 803-814, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-018-1055-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"814","ipdsId":"IP-081802","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Nicolas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.42962646484374,\n 33.23007250637392\n ],\n [\n -119.46086883544922,\n 33.258211766248415\n ],\n [\n -119.50000762939452,\n 33.27285208252106\n ],\n [\n -119.52953338623045,\n 33.28691595686207\n ],\n [\n -119.5528793334961,\n 33.28146288679663\n ],\n [\n -119.56523895263673,\n 33.27514838003839\n ],\n [\n -119.58103179931642,\n 33.28117587367123\n ],\n [\n -119.57210540771484,\n 33.24902443255544\n ],\n [\n -119.54635620117188,\n 33.23122122490653\n ],\n [\n -119.50035095214844,\n 33.216861158847486\n ],\n [\n -119.47048187255858,\n 33.21226543987183\n ],\n [\n -119.44061279296875,\n 33.215712251730736\n ],\n [\n -119.42962646484374,\n 33.23007250637392\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Ryan P. 0000-0002-8710-7956 rodonnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8710-7956","contributorId":4657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Ryan","email":"rodonnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crabb, Benjamin A.","contributorId":261781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crabb","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":53015,"text":"Remote Sensing/Geographic Information Systems Laboratory, College of Natural Resources, 5275 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5275","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mock, Karen E.","contributorId":261782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mock","given":"Karen E.","affiliations":[{"id":53016,"text":"Wildland Resources Department, 5230 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195477,"text":"70195477 - 2018 - Clayey landslide initiation and acceleration strongly modulated by soil swelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:10:31","indexId":"70195477","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clayey landslide initiation and acceleration strongly modulated by soil swelling","docAbstract":"Largely unknown mechanisms restrain motion of clay-rich, slow-moving landslides that are widespread worldwide and rarely accelerate catastrophically. We studied a clayey, slow-moving landslide typical of thousands in northern California, USA, to decipher hydrologic-mechanical interactions that modulate landslide dynamics. Similar to some other studies, observed pore-water pressures correlated poorly with landslide reactivation and speed. In situ and laboratory measurements strongly suggested that variable pressure along the landslide's lateral shear boundaries resulting from seasonal soil expansion and contraction modulated its reactivation and speed. Slope-stability modeling suggested that the landslide's observed behavior could be predicted by including transient swell pressure as a resistance term, whereas modeling considering only transient hydrologic conditions predicted movement 5–6 months prior to when it was observed. All clayey soils swell to some degree; hence, our findings suggest that swell pressure likely modulates motion of many landslides and should be considered to improve forecasts of clayey landslide initiation and mobility.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017GL076807","usgsCitation":"Schulz, W.H., Smith, J.B., Wang, G., Jiang, Y., and Roering, J., 2018, Clayey landslide initiation and acceleration strongly modulated by soil swelling: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 45, no. 4, p. 1888-1896, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076807.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1888","endPage":"1896","ipdsId":"IP-093100","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl076807","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0SFS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from in-situ landslide monitoring, Trinity County, California"},{"id":351813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"45","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee72ae4b0da30c1bfc15c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, William H. 0000-0001-9980-3580 wschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9980-3580","contributorId":942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"wschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Joel B. 0000-0001-7219-7875 jbsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-7875","contributorId":4925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joel","email":"jbsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Gonghui","contributorId":202546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Gonghui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36476,"text":"Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jiang, Yao","contributorId":202547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jiang","given":"Yao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36476,"text":"Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roering, Joshua J.","contributorId":194297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roering","given":"Joshua J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195360,"text":"ofr20181021 - 2018 - Draft critical mineral list—Summary of methodology and background information—U.S. Geological Survey technical input document in response to Secretarial Order No. 3359","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T09:47:43","indexId":"ofr20181021","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1021","title":"Draft critical mineral list—Summary of methodology and background information—U.S. Geological Survey technical input document in response to Secretarial Order No. 3359","docAbstract":"Pursuant to the Presidential Executive Order (EO) No. 13817, “A Federal Strategy to Ensure Secure and Reliable Supplies of Critical Minerals,” the Secretary of the Interior, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, and in consultation with the heads of other relevant executive departments and agencies, was tasked with developing and submitting a draft list of minerals defined as “critical minerals” to the Federal Register within 60 days of the issue of the EO (December 20, 2017).
Based on an analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey and other U.S. Government agencies, using multiple criteria, 35 minerals or mineral material groups have been identified that are currently (February 2018) considered critical. These include the following: aluminum (bauxite), antimony, arsenic, barite, beryllium, bismuth, cesium, chromium, cobalt, fluorspar, gallium, germanium, graphite (natural), hafnium, helium, indium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, niobium, platinum group metals, potash, rare earth elements group, rhenium, rubidium, scandium, strontium, tantalum, tellurium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, and zirconium. The categorization of minerals as critical may change during the course of the review process and is thus provisional.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181021","usgsCitation":"Fortier, S.M., Nassar, N.T., Lederer, G.W., Brainard, Jamie, Gambogi, Joseph, and McCullough, E.A., 2018, Draft critical mineral list—Summary of methodology and background information—U.S. Geological Survey technical input document in response to Secretarial Order No. 3359: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1021, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181021.","productDescription":"v, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-094985","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1021/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":351642,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1021/ofr20181021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"309 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018–1021"}],"contact":"National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
988 National Center
Reston, Virginia 20192
Active margin coastlines are distinguished by rock erosion that acts in two different directions: waves erode the coast horizontally or landwards, a process that creates sea cliffs; and rivers and streams erode the landscape vertically via channel incision. The relative rates of each process exert a dominant control on coastline morphology. Using a model of river channel incision and sea-cliff retreat, we explore how terrestrial and marine erosion compete to shape coastal topography, and specifically what conditions encourage the development of coastal knickpoints (i.e., a river or stream channels that end at a raised sea-cliff edge). We then compare results to actual landscapes. Model results and observations show that coastal knickpoint development is strongly dependent on drainage basin area, where knickpoints typically occur in drainage basins smaller than 5 × 105–6 × 106 m2, as well as channel geometry and sea-cliff retreat rate. In our study area, coastal knickpoints with persistent flow (waterfalls) are uncommon and form only within a small morphological window when 1) drainage basin area is large enough to sustain steady stream discharge, but not large enough to out-compete sea-cliff formation, 2) sea-cliff retreat is rapid, and 3) channel concavity is low so that channel slopes at the coast are high. This particular geomorphic combination can sustain sea-cliff formation even when streams tap into larger drainage basins with greater discharge and more stream power, and provides an initial explanation of why persistent coastal waterfalls are, along many coastlines, relatively rare features.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.12.035","usgsCitation":"Limber, P.W., and Barnard, P., 2018, Coastal knickpoints and the competition between fluvial and wave-driven erosion on rocky coastlines: Geomorphology, v. 306, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.12.035.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-085956","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.12.035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":351512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.67285156250001,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -119.72900390625001,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -119.72900390625001,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -124.67285156250001,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -124.67285156250001,\n 34.252676117101515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"306","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee731e4b0da30c1bfc1a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Limber, Patrick W. 0000-0002-8207-3750 plimber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-3750","contributorId":196794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Limber","given":"Patrick","email":"plimber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":147147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195345,"text":"70195345 - 2018 - Vegetation cover, tidal amplitude and land area predict short-term marsh vulnerability in Coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:04:51","indexId":"70195345","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation cover, tidal amplitude and land area predict short-term marsh vulnerability in Coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"The loss of coastal marshes is a topic of great concern, because these habitats provide tangible ecosystem services and are at risk from sea-level rise and human activities. In recent years, significant effort has gone into understanding and modeling the relationships between the biological and physical factors that contribute to marsh stability. Simulation-based process models suggest that marsh stability is the product of a complex feedback between sediment supply, flooding regime and vegetation response, resulting in elevation gains sufficient to match the combination of relative sea-level rise and losses from erosion. However, there have been few direct, empirical tests of these models, because long-term datasets that have captured sufficient numbers of marsh loss events in the context of a rigorous monitoring program are rare. We use a multi-year data set collected by the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) that includes transitions of monitored vegetation plots to open water to build and test a predictive model of near-term marsh vulnerability. We found that despite the conclusions of previous process models, elevation change had no ability to predict the transition of vegetated marsh to open water. However, we found that the processes that drive elevation change were significant predictors of transitions. Specifically, vegetation cover in prior year, land area in the surrounding 1 km2 (an estimate of marsh fragmentation), and the interaction of tidal amplitude and position in tidal frame were all significant factors predicting marsh loss. This suggests that 1) elevation change is likely better a predictor of marsh loss at time scales longer than we consider in this study and 2) the significant predictive factors affect marsh vulnerability through pathways other than elevation change, such as resistance to erosion. In addition, we found that, while sensitivity of marsh vulnerability to the predictive factors varied spatially across coastal Louisiana, vegetation cover in prior year was the best single predictor of subsequent loss in most sites followed by changes in percent land and tidal amplitude. The model’s predicted land loss rates correlated well with land loss rates derived from satellite data, although agreement was spatially variable. These results indicate 1) monitoring the loss of small scale vegetation plots can inform patterns of land loss at larger scales 2) the drivers of land loss vary spatially across coastal Louisiana, and 3) relatively simple models have potential as highly informative tools for bioassessment, directing future research, and management planning.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-018-0223-7","usgsCitation":"Schoolmaster, D., Stagg, C.L., Sharp, L.A., McGinnis, T.S., Wood, B., and Piazza, S., 2018, Vegetation cover, tidal amplitude and land area predict short-term marsh vulnerability in Coastal Louisiana: Ecosystems, v. 21, no. 7, p. 1335-1347, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0223-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1335","endPage":"1347","ipdsId":"IP-079507","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 28.304380682962783\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 28.304380682962783\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 28.304380682962783\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7ec171e4b00f54eb25a74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoolmaster, Donald 0000-0003-0910-4458 schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4458","contributorId":156350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoolmaster","given":"Donald","email":"schoolmasterd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, Leigh Anne","contributorId":178418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGinnis, Tommy S.","contributorId":202225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGinnis","given":"Tommy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17778,"text":"Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wood, Bernard","contributorId":202226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17778,"text":"Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piazza, Sarai 0000-0001-6962-9008 piazzas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-9008","contributorId":169024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piazza","given":"Sarai","email":"piazzas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70195214,"text":"70195214 - 2018 - Demographic modelling reveals a history of divergence with gene flow for a glacially tied stonefly in a changing post-Pleistocene landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T09:08:53","indexId":"70195214","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic modelling reveals a history of divergence with gene flow for a glacially tied stonefly in a changing post-Pleistocene landscape","docAbstract":"Aim
Climate warming is causing extensive loss of glaciers in mountainous regions, yet our understanding of how glacial recession influences evolutionary processes and genetic diversity is limited. Linking genetic structure with the influences shaping it can improve understanding of how species respond to environmental change. Here, we used genome-scale data and demographic modelling to resolve the evolutionary history of Lednia tumana, a rare, aquatic insect endemic to alpine streams. We also employed a range of widely used data filtering approaches to quantify how they influenced population structure results.
Location
Alpine streams in the Rocky Mountains of Glacier National Park, Montana, USA.
Taxon
Lednia tumana, a stonefly (Order Plecoptera) in the family Nemouridae.
Methods
We generated single nucleotide polymorphism data through restriction-site associated DNA sequencing to assess contemporary patterns of genetic structure for 11 L. tumana populations. Using identified clusters, we assessed demographic history through model selection and parameter estimation in a coalescent framework. During population structure analyses, we filtered our data to assess the influence of singletons, missing data and total number of markers on results.
Results
Contemporary patterns of population structure indicate that L. tumana exhibits a pattern of isolation-by-distance among populations within three genetic clusters that align with geography. Mean pairwise genetic differentiation (FST) among populations was 0.033. Coalescent-based demographic modelling supported divergence with gene flow among genetic clusters since the end of the Pleistocene (~13-17 kya), likely reflecting the south-to-north recession of ice sheets that accumulated during the Wisconsin glaciation.
Main conclusions
We identified a link between glacial retreat, evolutionary history and patterns of genetic diversity for a range-restricted stonefly imperiled by climate change. This finding included a history of divergence with gene flow, an unexpected conclusion for a mountaintop species. Beyond L. tumana, this study demonstrates the complexity of assessing genetic structure for weakly differentiated species, shows the degree to which rare alleles and missing data may influence results, and highlights the usefulness of genome-scale data to extend population genetic inquiry in non-model species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jbi.13125","usgsCitation":"Hotaling, S., Muhlfeld, C.C., Giersch, J.J., Ali, O., Jordan, S., Miller, M.R., Luikart, G., and Weisrock, D.W., 2018, Demographic modelling reveals a history of divergence with gene flow for a glacially tied stonefly in a changing post-Pleistocene landscape: Journal of Biogeography, v. 45, no. 2, p. 304-317, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13125.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"304","endPage":"317","ipdsId":"IP-090859","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n 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Joseph 0000-0001-7818-3941 jgiersch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-3941","contributorId":198074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giersch","given":"J.","email":"jgiersch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ali, Omar","contributorId":202051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ali","given":"Omar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, Steve","contributorId":168297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordan","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25242,"text":"Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":97409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weisrock, David W.","contributorId":198313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weisrock","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70273480,"text":"70273480 - 2018 - Aeolian stratigraphy describes ice-age paleoenvironments in unglaciated Arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-16T15:02:31.587765","indexId":"70273480","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aeolian stratigraphy describes ice-age paleoenvironments in unglaciated Arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"Terrestrial paleoenvironmental records with high dating resolution extending into the last ice age are rare from the western Arctic. Such records can test the synchronicity and extent of ice-age climatic events and define how Arctic landscapes respond to rapid climate changes. Here we describe the stratigraphy and sedimentology of a yedoma deposit in Arctic Alaska (the Carter Section) dating to between 37,000 and 9000 calibrated radiocarbon years BP (37–9 ka) and containing detailed records of loess and sand-sheet sedimentation, soil development, carbon storage, and permafrost dynamics. Alternation between sand-sheet and loess deposition provides a proxy for the extent and activity of the Ikpikpuk Sand Sea (ISS), a large dune field located immediately upwind. Warm, moist interstadial times (ca. 37, 36.3–32.5, and 15–13 ka) triggered floodplain aggradation, permafrost thaw, reduced loess deposition, increased vegetation cover, and rapid soil development accompanied by enhanced carbon storage. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 28–18 ka), rapid loess deposition took place on a landscape where vegetation was sparse and non-woody. The most intense aeolian activity occurred after the LGM between ca. 18 and 15 ka when sand sheets fringing the ISS expanded over the site, possibly in response to increasingly droughty conditions as summers warmed and active layers deepened. With the exception of this lagged LGM response, the record of aeolian activity at the Carter Section correlates with other paleoenvironmental records from unglaciated Siberia and Alaska. Overall, rapid shifts in geomorphology, soils, vegetation, and permafrost portray an ice-age landscape where, in contrast to the Holocene, environmental change was chronic and dominated by aeolian processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.01.002","usgsCitation":"Gaglioti, B.V., Mann, D.H., Groves, P., Kunz, M.L., Farquharson, L.M., Reanier, R.E., Jones, B.M., and Wooller, M.J., 2018, Aeolian stratigraphy describes ice-age paleoenvironments in unglaciated Arctic Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 182, p. 175-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.01.002.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"190","ipdsId":"IP-080444","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.01434119137934,\n 69.46006826079085\n ],\n [\n -167.21578223335098,\n 68.03869926703291\n ],\n [\n -151.13574463185043,\n 67.84176222340056\n ],\n [\n -149.15883154858946,\n 71.72244393088454\n ],\n [\n -164.17595949150558,\n 70.9129056043337\n ],\n [\n -169.01434119137934,\n 69.46006826079085\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"182","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaglioti, Benjamin V.","contributorId":365187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaglioti","given":"Benjamin","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":175207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groves, Pamela","contributorId":193132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groves","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":953889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunz, Michael L.","contributorId":365189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunz","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":953890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farquharson, Louise M.","contributorId":175206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farquharson","given":"Louise","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reanier, Richard E.","contributorId":365190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reanier","given":"Richard","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":87073,"text":"Reanier Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wooller, Matthew J.","contributorId":267776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooller","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70204193,"text":"70204193 - 2018 - Vibrio population dynamics in Mid-Atlantic surface waters during Saharan dust events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T13:51:30","indexId":"70204193","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-02T13:35:51","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Vibrio population dynamics in Mid-Atlantic surface waters during Saharan dust events","title":"Vibrio population dynamics in Mid-Atlantic surface waters during Saharan dust events","docAbstract":"Vibrio is a cosmopolitan genus of marine bacteria, highly investigated in coastal and estuarine environments. Vibrio have also been isolated from pelagic waters, yet very little is known about the ecology of these oligotrophic species. In this study we examined the relative change in bacterial abundance and more specifically the dynamics of Vibrio in the tropical North Atlantic in response to the arrival of pulses of Saharan dust aerosols, a major source of biologically important nutrients for downwind marine surface waters. Aerosol and surface water samples were collected over 1 month coinciding with at least two distinct dust events. Total bacterial counts increased by 1.6-fold correlating with the arrival of Saharan dust (r = 0.76; p = 0.001). Virus-like particles (VLP) also followed this trend and were correlated with bacterial counts (r = 0.67; p = 0.01). Vibrio specific qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene ranged from below detection limits to a high of 9,145 gene copies ml−1 with the arrival of dust. This increase equated to 6.5 × 102−1.5 × 103 individual genome equivalents ml−1 based on the known range of 16S rRNA copies among this genus. Vibrio exhibited bloom-bust cycles potentially attributed to selective viral lysis or bloom depletion of organic carbon. This work is one of the few studies to examine the open ocean ecology of Vibrio, a conditionally rare taxon, whose bloom-bust lifestyle likely is a contributing factor in the flow of nutrients and energy in pelagic ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2018.00012","usgsCitation":"Westrich, J.R., Griffin, D.W., Westphal, D.L., and Lipp, E.K., 2018, Vibrio population dynamics in Mid-Atlantic surface waters during Saharan dust events: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 5, 12; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00012.","productDescription":"12; 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-076402","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mid-Atlantic Ridge, North Pond Area","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westrich, Jason R.","contributorId":168327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westrich","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westphal, Douglas L.","contributorId":29626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westphal","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lipp, Erin K.","contributorId":73823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipp","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197312,"text":"70197312 - 2018 - Estimating factors influencing the detection probability of semiaquatic freshwater snails using quadrat survey methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T15:17:38","indexId":"70197312","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating factors influencing the detection probability of semiaquatic freshwater snails using quadrat survey methods","docAbstract":"Developing effective monitoring methods for elusive, rare, or patchily distributed species requires extra considerations, such as imperfect detection. Although detection is frequently modeled, the opportunity to assess it empirically is rare, particularly for imperiled species. We used Pecos assiminea (Assiminea pecos), an endangered semiaquatic snail, as a case study to test detection and accuracy issues surrounding quadrat searches. Quadrats (9 × 20 cm; n = 12) were placed in suitable Pecos assiminea habitat and randomly assigned a treatment, defined as the number of empty snail shells (0, 3, 6, or 9). Ten observers rotated through each quadrat, conducting 5-min visual searches for shells. The probability of detecting a shell when present was 67.4 ± 3.0%, but it decreased with the increasing litter depth and fewer number of shells present. The mean (± SE) observer accuracy was 25.5 ± 4.3%. Accuracy was positively correlated to the number of shells in the quadrat and negatively correlated to the number of times a quadrat was searched. The results indicate quadrat surveys likely underrepresent true abundance, but accurately determine the presence or absence. Understanding detection and accuracy of elusive, rare, or imperiled species improves density estimates and aids in monitoring and conservation efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-017-3415-9","usgsCitation":"Roesler, E.L., and Grabowski, T.B., 2018, Estimating factors influencing the detection probability of semiaquatic freshwater snails using quadrat survey methods: Hydrobiologia, v. 808, no. 1, p. 153-161, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3415-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"161","ipdsId":"IP-075954","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"808","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b155db9e4b092d9651e1b7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roesler, Elizabeth L.","contributorId":204877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roesler","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70196490,"text":"70196490 - 2018 - Survey of beaver-related restoration practices in rangeland streams of the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-11T14:33:27","indexId":"70196490","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey of beaver-related restoration practices in rangeland streams of the western USA","docAbstract":"Poor condition of many streams and concerns about future droughts in the arid and semi-arid western USA have motivated novel restoration strategies aimed at accelerating recovery and increasing water resources. Translocation of beavers into formerly occupied habitats, restoration activities encouraging beaver recolonization, and instream structures mimicking the effects of beaver dams are restoration alternatives that have recently gained popularity because of their potential socioeconomic and ecological benefits. However, beaver dams and dam-like structures also harbor a history of social conflict. Hence, we identified a need to assess the use of beaver-related restoration projects in western rangelands to increase awareness and accountability, and identify gaps in scientific knowledge. We inventoried 97 projects implemented by 32 organizations, most in the last 10 years. We found that beaver-related stream restoration projects undertaken mostly involved the relocation of nuisance beavers. The most common goal was to store water, either with beaver dams or artificial structures. Beavers were often moved without regard to genetics, disease, or potential conflicts with nearby landowners. Few projects included post-implementation monitoring or planned for longer term issues, such as what happens when beavers abandon a site or when beaver dams or structures breach. Human dimensions were rarely considered and water rights and other issues were mostly unresolved or addressed through ad-hoc agreements. We conclude that the practice and implementation of beaver-related restoration has outpaced research on its efficacy and best practices. Further scientific research is necessary, especially research that informs the establishment of clear guidelines for best practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-017-0957-6","usgsCitation":"Pilliod, D.S., Rohde, A., Charnley, S., Davee, R.R., Dunham, J.B., Gosnell, H., Grant, G., Hausner, M.B., Huntington, J., and Nash, C., 2018, Survey of beaver-related restoration practices in rangeland streams of the western USA: Environmental Management, v. 61, no. 1, p. 58-68, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0957-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-085356","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90GAYBK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Beaver-related Stream Restoration Projects in Western Rangelands"},{"id":353330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -125.0244140625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee740e4b0da30c1bfc1df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":149254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science 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Hannah","contributorId":192214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gosnell","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grant, Gordon E.","contributorId":30881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"Gordon E.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hausner, Mark B.","contributorId":204145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hausner","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":16138,"text":"Desert Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Huntington, Justin L.","contributorId":31279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Justin L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nash, Caroline","contributorId":204146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nash","given":"Caroline","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70194835,"text":"ofr20181002 - 2018 - Using a food web model to inform the design of river restoration—An example at the Barkley Bear Segment, Methow River, north-central Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-06T14:13:05","indexId":"ofr20181002","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1002","title":"Using a food web model to inform the design of river restoration—An example at the Barkley Bear Segment, Methow River, north-central Washington","docAbstract":"With the decline of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss), habitat restoration actions in freshwater tributaries have been implemented to improve conditions for juveniles. Typically, physical (for example, hydrologic and engineering) based models are used to design restoration alternatives with the assumption that biological responses will be improved with changes to the physical habitat. Biological models rarely are used. Here, we describe simulations of a food web model, the Aquatic Trophic Productivity (ATP) model, to aid in the design of a restoration project in the Methow River, north-central Washington. The ATP model mechanistically links environmental conditions of the stream to the dynamics of river food webs, and can be used to simulate how alternative river restoration designs influence the potential for river reaches to sustain fish production. Four restoration design alternatives were identified that encompassed varying levels of side channel and floodplain reconnection and large wood addition. Our model simulations suggest that design alternatives focused on reconnecting side channels and the adjacent floodplain may provide the greatest increase in fish capacity. These results were robust to a range of discharge and thermal regimes that naturally occur in the Methow River. Our results suggest that biological models, such as the ATP model, can be used during the restoration planning phase to increase the effectiveness of restoration actions. Moreover, the use of multiple modeling efforts, both physical and biological, when evaluating restoration design alternatives provides a better understanding of the potential outcome of restoration actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Benjamin, J.R., Bellmore, J.R., and Dombroski, Daniel, 2018, Using a food web model to inform the design of river restoration—An example at the Barkley Bear Segment, Methow River, north-central Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1002, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181002.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092102","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350751,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1002/ofr20181002.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1002"},{"id":350750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1002/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Methow River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.497802734375,\n 47.646886969413\n ],\n [\n -119.02587890624999,\n 47.646886969413\n ],\n [\n -119.02587890624999,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -121.497802734375,\n 49.15296965617042\n ],\n [\n -121.497802734375,\n 47.646886969413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Remote camera trapping is an efficient noninvasive technique for monitoring rare and elusive species, such as cheetahs. The unique pelage pattern of cheetahs allows for identification of individuals from photographs, providing detection histories that are naturally suited for abundance estimation using capture–recapture methods. Furthermore, the spatial location of photographic detections allows for the use of spatial capture–recapture models, which provide estimates of density. In this chapter, we describe aspects of cheetah ecology that should be considered when designing camera trapping surveys (e.g., social structure, natural densities, and home range size) to estimate cheetah density and provide guidance for future camera trap sampling and analysis.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cheetahs: Biology and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-804088-1.00029-0","usgsCitation":"Ezequiel Fabiano, Boast, L., Fuller, A.K., and Chris Sutherland, 2018, The use of remote camera trapping to study cheetahs, chap. 29 of Cheetahs: Biology and Conservation, p. 415-425, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804088-1.00029-0.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"425","ipdsId":"IP-080279","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ezequiel Fabiano","contributorId":217268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ezequiel Fabiano","affiliations":[{"id":39588,"text":"University of Namibia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boast, Lorraine","contributorId":217269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boast","given":"Lorraine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39589,"text":"Cheetah Conservation Botswana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chris Sutherland","contributorId":196873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chris Sutherland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195950,"text":"70195950 - 2018 - The size, distribution, and mobility of landslides caused by the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T09:52:05","indexId":"70195950","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The size, distribution, and mobility of landslides caused by the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal","title":"The size, distribution, and mobility of landslides caused by the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal","docAbstract":"Coseismic landslides pose immediate and prolonged hazards to mountainous communities, and provide a rare opportunity to study the effect of large earthquakes on erosion and sediment budgets. By mapping landslides using high-resolution satellite imagery, we find that the 25 April 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake and aftershock sequence produced at least 25,000 landslides throughout the steep Himalayan Mountains in central Nepal. Despite early reports claiming lower than expected landslide activity, our results show that the total number, area, and volume of landslides associated with the Gorkha event are consistent with expectations, when compared to prior landslide-triggering earthquakes around the world. The extent of landsliding mimics the extent of fault rupture along the east-west trace of the Main Himalayan Thrust and increases eastward following the progression of rupture. In this event, maximum modeled Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and the steepest topographic slopes of the High Himalaya are not spatially coincident, so it is not surprising that landslide density correlates neither with PGA nor steepest slopes on their own. Instead, we find that the highest landslide density is located at the confluence of steep slopes, high mean annual precipitation, and proximity to the deepest part of the fault rupture from which 0.5–2 Hz seismic energy originated. We suggest that landslide density was determined by a combination of earthquake source characteristics, slope distributions, and the influence of precipitation on rock strength via weathering and changes in vegetation cover. Determining the relative contribution of each factor will require further modeling and better constrained seismic parameters, both of which are likely to be developed in the coming few years as post-event studies evolve. Landslide mobility, in terms of the ratio of runout distance to fall height, is comparable to small volume landslides in other settings, and landslide volume-runout scaling is consistent with compilations of data on larger slope failures. In general, the size ratios of landslide source area to full landslide area are smaller than global averages, and hillslope length seems to largely control runout distance, which we propose reflects a topographic control on landslide mobility in this setting. We find that landslide size dictates runout distance and that more than half of the landslide debris was deposited in direct connection with stream channels. Connectivity, which is defined as the spatial proximity of landslides to fluvial channels, is greatest for larger landslides in the high-relief part of the High Himalaya. Although these failures are less abundant than those at lower elevations, they may have a disproportionate impact on sediment dynamics and cascading hazards, such as landslide reactivation by monsoon rainfall and landslide dams that lead to outburst floods. The overall high fluvial connectivity of coseismic landsliding in the Gorkha event suggests coupling between the earthquake cycle and sediment/geochemical budgets of fluvial systems in the Himalaya.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.030","usgsCitation":"Roback, K., Clark, M., West, A.J., Zekkos, D., , L., Gallen, S.F., Chamlagain, D., and Godt, J.W., 2018, The size, distribution, and mobility of landslides caused by the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal: Geomorphology, v. 301, p. 121-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.030.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"138","ipdsId":"IP-079061","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.030","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Nepal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 84.04541015625,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n 87.14355468749999,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n 87.14355468749999,\n 29.132970130878636\n ],\n [\n 84.04541015625,\n 29.132970130878636\n ],\n [\n 84.04541015625,\n 26.43122806450644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"301","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee754e4b0da30c1bfc259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roback, Kevin","contributorId":200288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roback","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Marin K.","contributorId":139684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Marin K.","affiliations":[{"id":12879,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, A. 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The undescribed Sicklefin Redhorse Moxostoma sp. is a rare, imperiled, nongame fish endemic to two southern Appalachian Mountain river basins. Little is known of its behavior and ecology, but this information is urgently needed for conservation planning. We assessed the spatial and temporal bounds of spawning migration, quantified seasonal weekly movement patterns, and characterized seasonal and spawning behavior using radiotelemetry and weir sampling in the Hiwassee River basin, North Carolina–Georgia, during 2006 and 2007. Hiwassee River tributaries were occupied predominantly during the fish's spawning season, lower reaches of the tributaries and the Hiwassee River were primarily occupied during the postspawning season (i.e., summer and fall), and lower lotic reaches of Hiwassee River (upstream from Hiwassee Lake) were occupied during winter. Adults occupied Hiwassee Lake only as a movement corridor during spawning migrations. Both sexes conducted upstream spawning migrations simultaneously, but males occupied spawning tributaries longer than females. Sicklefin Redhorse exhibited interannual spawning‐area and tributary fidelity. Cold water temperatures associated with hypolimnetic releases from reservoirs and meteorological conditions influenced spawning migration distance and timing. During 2007, decreased discharges during the spawning season were associated with decreases in migration distance and spawning tributary occupancy duration. Foraging was the dominant behavior observed annually, followed by reproductive behaviors (courting and spawning) during the spawning season. No agonistic reproductive behavior was observed, but females exhibited a repetitious postspawning digging behavior that may be unique in the family Catostomidae. Our findings suggest that protection and restoration of river continuity, natural flow regimes, seasonally appropriate water temperatures, and geographic range expansion are critical components to include in Sicklefin Redhorse conservation planning. Fisheries and ecosystem managers can use our findings to justify sensitive management decisions that conserve and restore critical streams and rivers occupied by this imperiled species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10010","usgsCitation":"Favrot, S.D., and Kwak, T.J., 2018, Behavior and reproductive ecology of the Sicklefin Redhorse: An imperiled southern Appalachian Mountain fish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 147, no. 1, p. 204-222, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10010.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"222","ipdsId":"IP-091271","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Hiwassee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.22393798828125,\n 34.84254924386249\n ],\n [\n -83.69316101074219,\n 34.84254924386249\n ],\n [\n -83.69316101074219,\n 35.184471743812225\n ],\n [\n -84.22393798828125,\n 35.184471743812225\n ],\n [\n -84.22393798828125,\n 34.84254924386249\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"147","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee752e4b0da30c1bfc238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Favrot, Scott D.","contributorId":171445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Favrot","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195617,"text":"70195617 - 2018 - Quantifying postfire aeolian sediment transport using rare earth element tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T12:33:55","indexId":"70195617","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying postfire aeolian sediment transport using rare earth element tracers","docAbstract":"Grasslands, which provide fundamental ecosystem services in many arid and semiarid regions of the world, are undergoing rapid increases in fire activity and are highly susceptible to postfire-accelerated soil erosion by wind. A quantitative assessment of physical processes that integrates fire-wind erosion feedbacks is therefore needed relative to vegetation change, soil biogeochemical cycling, air quality, and landscape evolution. We investigated the applicability of a novel tracer technique—the use of multiple rare earth elements (REE)—to quantify soil transport by wind and to identify sources and sinks of wind-blown sediments in both burned and unburned shrub-grass transition zone in the Chihuahuan Desert, NM, USA. Results indicate that the horizontal mass flux of wind-borne sediment increased approximately threefold following the fire. The REE tracer analysis of wind-borne sediments shows that the source of the horizontal mass flux in the unburned site was derived from bare microsites (88.5%), while in the burned site it was primarily sourced from shrub (42.3%) and bare (39.1%) microsites. Vegetated microsites which were predominantly sinks of aeolian sediments in the unburned areas became sediment sources following the fire. The burned areas showed a spatial homogenization of sediment tracers, highlighting a potential negative feedback on landscape heterogeneity induced by shrub encroachment into grasslands. Though fires are known to increase aeolian sediment transport, accompanying changes in the sources and sinks of wind-borne sediments may influence biogeochemical cycling and land degradation dynamics. Furthermore, our experiment demonstrated that REEs can be used as reliable tracers for field-scale aeolian studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2017JG004284","usgsCitation":"Dukes, D., Gonzales, H.B., Ravi, S., Grandstaff, D.E., Van Pelt, R.S., Li, J., Wang, G., and Sankey, J.B., 2018, Quantifying postfire aeolian sediment transport using rare earth element tracers: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 123, no. 1, p. 288-299, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004284.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"299","ipdsId":"IP-083961","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jg004284","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee754e4b0da30c1bfc25d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dukes, David","contributorId":202736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dukes","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzales, Howell B.","contributorId":202737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzales","given":"Howell","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ravi, Sujith","contributorId":202738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ravi","given":"Sujith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grandstaff, David E.","contributorId":202739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grandstaff","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36520,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Pelt, R. Scott","contributorId":195937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Pelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Junran","contributorId":202740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Junran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36521,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wang, Guan","contributorId":202741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Guan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36521,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":729426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70196363,"text":"70196363 - 2018 - Rule reversal: Ecogeographical patterns of body size variation in the common treeshrew (Mammalia, Scandentia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T15:20:25","indexId":"70196363","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rule reversal: Ecogeographical patterns of body size variation in the common treeshrew (Mammalia, Scandentia)","docAbstract":"There are a number of ecogeographical “rules” that describe patterns of geographical variation among organisms. The island rule predicts that populations of larger mammals on islands evolve smaller mean body size than their mainland counterparts, whereas smaller‐bodied mammals evolve larger size. Bergmann's rule predicts that populations of a species in colder climates (generally at higher latitudes) have larger mean body sizes than conspecifics in warmer climates (at lower latitudes). These two rules are rarely tested together and neither has been rigorously tested in treeshrews, a clade of small‐bodied mammals in their own order (Scandentia) broadly distributed in mainland Southeast Asia and on islands throughout much of the Sunda Shelf. The common treeshrew, Tupaia glis, is an excellent candidate for study and was used to test these two rules simultaneously for the first time in treeshrews. This species is distributed on the Malay Peninsula and several offshore islands east, west, and south of the mainland. Using craniodental dimensions as a proxy for body size, we investigated how island size, distance from the mainland, and maximum sea depth between the mainland and the islands relate to body size of 13 insular T. glis populations while also controlling for latitude and correlation among variables. We found a strong negative effect of latitude on body size in the common treeshrew, indicating the inverse of Bergmann's rule. We did not detect any overall difference in body size between the island and mainland populations. However, there was an effect of island area and maximum sea depth on body size among island populations. Although there is a strong latitudinal effect on body size, neither Bergmann's rule nor the island rule applies to the common treeshrew. The results of our analyses demonstrate the necessity of assessing multiple variables simultaneously in studies of ecogeographical rules.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.3682","usgsCitation":"Sargis, E.J., Millien, V., Woodman, N., and Olson, L.E., 2018, Rule reversal: Ecogeographical patterns of body size variation in the common treeshrew (Mammalia, Scandentia): Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, no. 3, p. 1634-1645, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3682.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1634","endPage":"1645","ipdsId":"IP-088399","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3682","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee753e4b0da30c1bfc249","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargis, Eric J. 0000-0003-0424-3803","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-3803","contributorId":203885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sargis","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36741,"text":"Department of Anthropology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208277, New Haven, CT 06520, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millien, Virginie","contributorId":203886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millien","given":"Virginie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36742,"text":"Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal (QC) H3A 0C4, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, Link E. 0000-0002-2481-5701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-5701","contributorId":203887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Link","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36743,"text":"University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195385,"text":"70195385 - 2018 - Range position and climate sensitivity: The structure of among-population demographic responses to climatic variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-13T12:28:43","indexId":"70195385","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range position and climate sensitivity: The structure of among-population demographic responses to climatic variation","docAbstract":"Species’ distributions will respond to climate change based on the relationship between local demographic processes and climate and how this relationship varies based on range position. A rarely tested demographic prediction is that populations at the extremes of a species’ climate envelope (e.g., populations in areas with the highest mean annual temperature) will be most sensitive to local shifts in climate (i.e., warming). We tested this prediction using a dynamic species distribution model linking demographic rates to variation in temperature and precipitation for wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in North America. Using long-term monitoring data from 746 populations in 27 study areas, we determined how climatic variation affected population growth rates and how these relationships varied with respect to long-term climate. Some models supported the predicted pattern, with negative effects of extreme summer temperatures in hotter areas and positive effects on recruitment for summer water availability in drier areas. We also found evidence of interacting temperature and precipitation influencing population size, such as extreme heat having less of a negative effect in wetter areas. Other results were contrary to predictions, such as positive effects of summer water availability in wetter parts of the range and positive responses to winter warming especially in milder areas. In general, we found wood frogs were more sensitive to changes in temperature or temperature interacting with precipitation than to changes in precipitation alone. Our results suggest that sensitivity to changes in climate cannot be predicted simply by knowing locations within the species’ climate envelope. Many climate processes did not affect population growth rates in the predicted direction based on range position. Processes such as species-interactions, local adaptation, and interactions with the physical landscape likely affect the responses we observed. Our work highlights the need to measure demographic responses to changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13817","usgsCitation":"Amburgey, S.M., Miller, D.A., Grant, E.H., Rittenhouse, T., Benard, M.F., Richardson, J.L., Urban, M.C., Hughson, W., Brand, A.B., Davis, C.J., Hardin, C.R., Paton, P.W., Raithel, C.J., Relyea, R.A., Scott, A.F., Skelly, D.K., Skidds, D., Smith, C.K., and Werner, E.E., 2018, Range position and climate sensitivity: The structure of among-population demographic responses to climatic variation: Global Change Biology, v. 24, no. 1, p. 439-454, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13817.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"454","ipdsId":"IP-069212","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/nrs_facpubs/683","text":"External Repository"},{"id":351524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee754e4b0da30c1bfc261","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amburgey, Staci M.","contributorId":152622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amburgey","given":"Staci","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12754,"text":"Penn State University Altoona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David A. 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Severe lesions were associated with lethargy and lack of a flight response. We determined that the skin growth etiology was a bacterium of the genus Dermatophilus, rarely reported infecting birds. Sanderlings also exhibited severe amyloidosis.
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The potential of any freshwater taxa to be a surrogate of other aquatic groups has not been fully explored. We compiled occurrence data on 72 species of freshwater fish, amphibians, mussels, and aquatic reptiles for the Great Plains, Wyoming. We used hierarchical Bayesian multi-species mixture models and MaxEnt models to describe species distributions, and program Zonation to identify conservation priority areas for each aquatic group. The landscape-scale factors that best characterized aquatic species distributions differed among groups. There was low agreement and congruence among taxa-specific conservation priorities (<20%), meaning that no surrogate priority areas would include or protect the best habitats of other aquatic taxa. We found that common, wide-ranging aquatic species were included in taxa-specific priority areas, but rare freshwater species were not included. Thus, the development of conservation priorities based on a single freshwater aquatic group would not protect all species in the other aquatic groups.
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