{"pageNumber":"440","pageRowStart":"10975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":70185385,"text":"70185385 - 1994 - Batch experiments characterizing the reduction of chromium(VI) using suboxic material from a mildly reducing sand and gravel aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:43:13","indexId":"70185385","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Batch experiments characterizing the reduction of chromium(VI) using suboxic material from a mildly reducing sand and gravel aquifer","docAbstract":"<p>Batch experiments were conducted with sand collected from a shallow sand and gravel aquifer to identify the principal chemical reactions influencing the reduction of Cr(VI), so that field-observed Cr(V1) reduction could be described. The reduction appeared to be heterogeneous and occurred primarily on Fe(I1)-bearing minerals. At only 1 wt % , the fine fraction (&lt;64 <i>μ</i>m diameter) of the sediments dominated the amount of aqueous Cr(V1) reduction because of its greater reactivity and surface area. Although reduction of Cr(V1) increased with decreasing pH, small variations in the abundance of fine fraction among the replicate samples obscured pH trends in the batch experiments. Consistent results could only be obtained by separating the fine material from the sand and running parallel experiments on each fraction. As pH decreased (6.4 to 4.5), Cr(V1) reduction increased from 30 to 50 nmol/m<sup>2</sup> for the sand fraction (64-1000 <i>μ</i>m) and from 130 to 200 nmol/m<sup>2</sup> for the fine fraction. The amount of Cr(V1) reduced in both the sand-sized and fine material increased from 35 to 80 and from 130 to 1000 nmol/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, for a 10-fold increase in Cr(VI)<sub>initial</sub>. A consistent description of the rate data was achieved by assuming that intraparticle diffusion limited the observed rate of reduction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00050a025","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L.D., Kent, D.B., and Davis, J., 1994, Batch experiments characterizing the reduction of chromium(VI) using suboxic material from a mildly reducing sand and gravel aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 178-185, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00050a025.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"178","endPage":"185","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b9ae4b0236b68f829a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Linda Davis","contributorId":189616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"Davis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kent, Douglas B. 0000-0003-3758-8322 dbkent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-8322","contributorId":1871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Douglas","email":"dbkent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, James A.","contributorId":69289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182197,"text":"70182197 - 1994 - Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-19T18:21:42","indexId":"70182197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining","docAbstract":"<p><span>Techniques for the hydrologic restoration of placer-mined streams and floodplains were developed in Denali National Park and Preserve Alaska, USA. The hydrologic study focused on a design of stream and floodplain geometry using hydraulic capacity and shear stress equations. Slope and sinuosity values were based on regional relationships. Design requirements include a channel capacity for a 1.5-year (bankfull) discharge and a floodplain capacity for a 1.5- to 100-year discharge. Concern for potential damage to the project from annual flooding before natural revegetation occurs led to development of alder (</span><i>Alnus crispa</i><span>) brush bars to dissipate floodwater energy and encourage sediment deposition. The brush bars, constructed of alder bundles tied together and anchored laterally adjacent to the channel, were installed on the floodplain in several configurations to test their effectiveness. A moderate flood near the end of the two-year construction phase of the project provided data on channel design, stability, floodplain erosion, and brush bar effectiveness. The brush bars provided substantial protection, but unconsolidated bank material and a lack of bed armour for a new channel segment led to some bank erosion, slope changes and an increase in sinuosity in several reaches of the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0925-8574(94)90041-8","usgsCitation":"Karle, K.F., and Densmore, R.V., 1994, Stream and floodplain restoration in a riparian ecosystem disturbed by placer mining: Ecological Engineering, v. 3, no. 2, p. 121-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8574(94)90041-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve, Glen Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.58\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6778335571289,\n              63.58\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6778335571289,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e34e4b0ce4410e7d620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karle, Kenneth F.","contributorId":37461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karle","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, Roseann V.","contributorId":24022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Roseann","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185395,"text":"70185395 - 1994 - Local energy flux estimates for unstable conditions using variance data in semiarid rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T15:17:19","indexId":"70185395","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local energy flux estimates for unstable conditions using variance data in semiarid rangelands","docAbstract":"<p><span>A network of meteorological stations was installed during the Monsoon '90 field campaign in the Walnut Gulch experimental watershed. The study area has a fairly complex surface. The vegetation cover is heterogeneous and sparse, and the terrain is mildly hilly, but dissected by ephemeral channels. Besides measurement of some of the standard weather data such as wind speed, air temperature, and solar radiation, these sites also contained instruments for estimating the local surface energy balance. The approach utilized measurements of net radiation (</span><i>R</i><sub><i>n</i></sub><span>), soil heat flux (</span><i>G</i><span>) and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory applied to first- and second-order turbulent statistics of wind speed and temperature for determining the sensible heat flux (</span><i>H</i><span>). The latent heat flux (</span><i>LE</i><span>) was solved as a residual in the surface energy balance equation, namely,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>LE</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= −(</span><i>R</i><sub><i>n</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>G</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>H</i><span>). This procedure (VAR-RESID) for estimating the energy fluxes satisfied monetary constraints and the requirement for low maintenance and continued operation through the harsh environmental conditions experienced in semiarid regions. Comparison of energy fluxes using this approach with more traditional eddy correlation techniques showed differences were within 20% under unstable conditions. Similar variability in flux estimates over the study area was present in the eddy correlation data. Hence, estimates of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>H</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>LE</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>using the VAR-RESID approach under unstable conditions were considered satisfactory. Also, with second-order statistics of vertical velocity collected at several sites, the local momentum roughness length was estimated. This is an important parameter used in modeling the turbulent transfer of momentum and sensible heat fluxes across the surface-atmosphere interface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR03084","usgsCitation":"Kustas, W.P., Blanford, J., Stannard, D., Daughtry, C., Nichols, W.D., and Weltz, M., 1994, Local energy flux estimates for unstable conditions using variance data in semiarid rangelands: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 5, p. 1351-1361, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR03084.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"1351","endPage":"1361","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b9ae4b0236b68f829a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kustas, William P.","contributorId":29962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kustas","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanford, J.H.","contributorId":189626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanford","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stannard, D.I.","contributorId":100884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daughtry, C.S.T.","contributorId":46222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daughtry","given":"C.S.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, W. D.","contributorId":73220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"W.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weltz, M.A.","contributorId":77732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltz","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70187029,"text":"70187029 - 1994 - Terrestrial remote sensing science and algorithms planned for EOS/MODIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:05:16","indexId":"70187029","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terrestrial remote sensing science and algorithms planned for EOS/MODIS","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) will be the primary daily global monitoring sensor on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites, scheduled for launch on the EOS-AM platform in June 1998 and the EOS-PM platform in December 2000. MODIS is a 36 channel radiometer covering 0·415-14·235 μm wavelengths, with spatial resolution from 250 m to 1 km at nadir. MODIS will be the primary EOS sensor for providing data on terrestrial biospheric dynamics and process activity. This paper presents the suite of global land products currently planned for EOSDIS implementation, to be developed by the authors of this paper, the MODIS land team (MODLAND). These include spectral albedo, land cover, spectral vegetation indices, snow and ice cover, surface temperature and fire, and a number of biophysical variables that will allow computation of global carbon cycles, hydrologic balances and biogeochemistry of critical greenhouse gases. Additionally, the regular global coverage of these variables will allow accurate surface change detection, a fundamental determinant of global change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431169408954346","usgsCitation":"Running, S., Justice, C., Salomonson, V., Hall, D., Barker, J., Kaufmann, Y.J., Strahler, A.H., Huete, A., Muller, J., Vanderbilt, V., Wan, Z., Teillet, P., and Carneggie, D.M., 1994, Terrestrial remote sensing science and algorithms planned for EOS/MODIS: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 15, no. 17, p. 3587-3620, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169408954346.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"3587","endPage":"3620","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8dbe4b0b7ea54524115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Running, S. W.","contributorId":52505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Running","given":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Justice, C.O.","contributorId":36450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justice","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salomonson, V.V.","contributorId":61968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salomonson","given":"V.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, D.","contributorId":55620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barker, J.","contributorId":191140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kaufmann, Y. J.","contributorId":191141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufmann","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Strahler, Alan H.","contributorId":149539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strahler","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Huete, A.R.","contributorId":54401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Muller, Jan-Peter","contributorId":26882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Jan-Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Vanderbilt, V.","contributorId":191142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanderbilt","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wan, Z.","contributorId":28797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Teillet, P.","contributorId":191143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teillet","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Carneggie, David M. Geological Survey Ohlen Donald O. Donald O.","contributorId":119185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carneggie","given":"David","suffix":"Donald O.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. Geological Survey Ohlen Donald O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70185732,"text":"70185732 - 1994 - Protists from a sewage‐contaminated aquifer on cape cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:16:21","indexId":"70185732","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1800,"text":"Geomicrobiology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protists from a sewage‐contaminated aquifer on cape cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several species of flagellates (genera </span><i>Bodo, Cercomonas, Cryptaulax, Cyathomonas, Goniomonas, Spumella</i><span>) have been identified in cultures from a plume of organic contamination (treated sewage effluent) within an aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Amoebae and numerous unidentifiable 2‐ to 3‐μm flagellates have also been observed. As a rule, flagellates were associated with solid surfaces, or were capable of temporary surface attachment, corroborating earlier observations from in situ and column transport experiments suggesting that protists in the Massachusetts aquifer have a high propensity for association with sediment grain surfaces. Based on the fact that cultures from the uncontaminated part of the aquifer yielded only a few species of protists, it is hypothesized that the greater abundance and variety of food sources in the contaminant plume is capable of supporting a greater number of protistan species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01490459409377968","usgsCitation":"Novarino, G., Warren, A., Kinner, N.E., and Harvey, R.W., 1994, Protists from a sewage‐contaminated aquifer on cape cod, Massachusetts: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 12, no. 1, p. 23-36, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490459409377968.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"23","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7637e4b0ee37af29e4de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Novarino, Gianfranco","contributorId":189951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novarino","given":"Gianfranco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, Alan","contributorId":189351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warren","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinner, Nancy E.","contributorId":189349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinner","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":21240,"text":"ofr9452 - 1994 - U.S. Geological Survey national computer technology meeting; program and abstracts, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 10-15, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T19:39:41.832221","indexId":"ofr9452","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-52","title":"U.S. Geological Survey national computer technology meeting; program and abstracts, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 10-15, 1994","docAbstract":"This report contains some of the abstracts of papers that were presented at the National Computer Technology Meeting that was held in April 1994. This meeting was sponsored by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, and was attended by more than 200 technical and managerial personnel representing all the Divisions of the U.S. Geological Survey. Computer-related information from all Divisions of the U.S. Geological Survey are discussed in this compilation of abstracts. Some of the topics addressed are data transfer, data-base management, hydrologic applications, national water information systems, and geographic information systems applications and techniques.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9452","usgsCitation":"Balthrop, B.H., and Baker, E., 1994, U.S. Geological Survey national computer technology meeting; program and abstracts, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 10-15, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-52, xvi, 61 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9452.","productDescription":"xvi, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/ofr_94-52/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"New Orleans","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balthrop, B. H. (compiler)","contributorId":92286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balthrop","given":"B.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, E.G.","contributorId":84382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187651,"text":"70187651 - 1994 - Evapotranspiration estimation using a normalized difference vegetation index transformation of satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T10:23:58","indexId":"70187651","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evapotranspiration estimation using a normalized difference vegetation index transformation of satellite data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evapotranspiration of irrigated crops on two irrigation service areas along the lower Colorado River was estimated using a normalized difference vegetation index of satellite data. A procedure was developed which equated the index to crop coefficients. Evapotranspiration estimates for fields for three dates of thematic mapper data were highly correlated with ground estimates. Service area estimates using thematic mapper and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data agreed well with estimates based on US Geological Survey gauging station data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626669409492754","usgsCitation":"Seevers, P., and Ottmann, R.W., 1994, Evapotranspiration estimation using a normalized difference vegetation index transformation of satellite data: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 39, no. 4, p. 333-345, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669409492754.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"345","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bfe4b044b359e486d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seevers, P. M.","contributorId":94325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seevers","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ottmann, R. W.","contributorId":191980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ottmann","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046627,"text":"ofr19940236 - 1994 - 1:250,000-scale Hydrologic Units of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T14:33:33","indexId":"ofr19940236","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1994-0236","title":"1:250,000-scale Hydrologic Units of the United States","docAbstract":"The Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System (GIRAS) was developed in the mid 70s to put into digital form a numberof data layers which were of interest to the USGS. One of these data layers was the Hydrologic Units. The map is based on the Hydrologic Unit Maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Water Data Coordination, together with the list descriptions and name of region, subregion, accounting units, and cataloging unit. The hydrologic units are encoded with an eight-digit number that indicates the hydrologic region (first two digits), hydrologic subregion (second two digits), accounting unit (third two digits), and cataloging unit (fourth two digits). The data produced by GIRAS was originally collected at a scale of 1:250K.  Some areas, notably major cities in the west, were recompiled at a scale of 1:100K. In order to join the data together and use the data in a geographic information system (GIS) the data were processed in the ARC/INFO GUS software package.  Within the GIS, the data were edgematched and the neatline boundaries between maps were removed to create a single data set for the conterminous\nUnited States. NOTE: A version of this data theme that is more throughly checked (though based on smaller-scale maps) is available here: http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?huc2m","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Service","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr19940236","usgsCitation":"Steeves, P., and Nebert, D., 1994, 1:250,000-scale Hydrologic Units of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 1994-0236, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr19940236.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273843,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/huc250k.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.90613546,22.8757219 ], [ -127.90613546,48.28250713 ], [ -65.32190735,48.28250713 ], [ -65.32190735,22.8757219 ], [ -127.90613546,22.8757219 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491be4b0b290850eee4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steeves, Peter","contributorId":38049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nebert, Douglas","contributorId":60389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nebert","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70171385,"text":"70171385 - 1994 - Washington State metals in soils program: Preliminary results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T09:15:22","indexId":"70171385","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1925,"text":"Hydrological Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Washington State metals in soils program: Preliminary results","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Hydrology","usgsCitation":"Ames, K.C., 1994, Washington State metals in soils program: Preliminary results: Hydrological Science and Technology, v. 10, no. 1-4, p. 15-30.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dee4b0ee97d51a841a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ames, K. C.","contributorId":20781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ames","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19598,"text":"ofr94312 - 1994 - Streamflow and selected precipitation data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, water years 1986-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T20:21:47.627153","indexId":"ofr94312","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-312","displayTitle":"Streamflow and Selected Precipitation Data for Yucca Mountain Region, Southern Nevada and Eastern California, Water Years 1986-90","title":"Streamflow and selected precipitation data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, water years 1986-90","docAbstract":"Streamflow and precipitation data collected at and near Yucca Mountain, Nevada, during water years 1986-90 are presented in this report. The data were collected and compiled as part of the studies by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, to characterize surface-water hydrology in the Yucca Mountain area. Streamflow data include daily-mean discharges and peak discharges at 5 continuous-record gaging stations, and peak discharges at 10 crest-stage, partial-record stations and 2 miscellaneous sites. Precipitation data include cumulative totals at 20 stations maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey and daily totals at 15 stations maintained by the Weather Service Nuclear Support Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94312","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office of the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Kane, T.G., Bauer, D.J., and Martinez, C.M., 1994, Streamflow and selected precipitation data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, water years 1986-90: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-312, iv, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94312.","productDescription":"iv, 118 p.","temporalStart":"1985-10-01","temporalEnd":"1990-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":49065,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0312/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0312/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,36 ], [ -117,37.5 ], [ -115.5,37.5 ], [ -115.5,36 ], [ -117,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Thomas G. III","contributorId":16854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, David J.","contributorId":47811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martinez, Clair M.","contributorId":41016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"Clair","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2439,"text":"wsp2357B - 1994 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20390,"text":"ofr88728 - 1989 - Ground-water quality assessment of the central Oklahoma aquifer, Oklahoma - Analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","indexId":"ofr88728","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water quality assessment of the central Oklahoma aquifer, Oklahoma - Analysis of available water-quality data through 1987"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2439,"text":"wsp2357B - 1994 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","indexId":"wsp2357B","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T22:34:26.452319","indexId":"wsp2357B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2357","chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National water-quality assessment - Central Oklahoma aquifer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2357B","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., Christenson, S.C., and Schlottmann, J.L., 1994, Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2357, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2357B.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25488.htm"},{"id":28509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2357b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2357b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.675,\n              34.9320\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.767,\n              34.9320\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.767,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.675,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.675,\n              34.9320\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a1f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlottmann, Jamie L.","contributorId":8830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlottmann","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21453,"text":"ofr9471 - 1994 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program--Southern High Plains, Texas and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr9471","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-71","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program--Southern High Plains, Texas and New Mexico","docAbstract":"BACKGROUND\r\n\r\nIn 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The long-term goals of the NAWQA program are to describe the status of, and trends in, the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation's surface- and ground-water resources and to identify the major natural and human factors that affect the quality of these resources. In addressing these goals, the program will produce a wealth of water-quality information that will be useful to policy makers and managers at the National, State, and local levels.\r\n\r\nThe NAWQA program emphasis is on regional water-quality problems. The program will not diminish the need for smaller studies and monitoring designed and currently being conducted by Federal, State, and local agencies to meet their individual needs. The NAWQA program, however, will provide a large-scale framework for conducting many of these activities and an understanding about National and regional water-quality conditions that cannot be acquired from individual, small-scale programs and studies.\r\n\r\nStudies of 60 hydrologic systems that include parts of most major river basins and aquifer systems (study-unit investigations) are the building blocks of the National assessment. The 60 study units range in size from 1,000 mi 2 (square miles) to more than 60,000 mi 2 and represent 60 to 70 percent of the Nation's water use and population served by public water supplies. Twenty study-unit investigations were started in 1991, 20 additional are starting in 1994, and 20 more are planned to start in 1997. The Southern High Plains study unit was selected as one of 20 study units to begin assessment activities in 1994. This study will be run from the New Mexico District office of the USGS in Albuquerque, New Mexico.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr9471","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D., and Diniz, C.G., 1994, National Water-Quality Assessment Program--Southern High Plains, Texas and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-71, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9471.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":51016,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0071/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51017,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0071/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,31.5 ], [ -104,35.5 ], [ -100,35.5 ], [ -100,31.5 ], [ -104,31.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698485","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, Dennis G. woody@usgs.gov","contributorId":232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Dennis G.","email":"woody@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":184454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diniz, Cecilia G.","contributorId":99577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diniz","given":"Cecilia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21131,"text":"ofr9443 - 1994 - Rainfall, evapotranspiration, total soil-water potential, and soil-water content at a sagebrush site and a replacement-vegetation site near Fort Defiance, Arizona, 1989-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:46","indexId":"ofr9443","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-43","title":"Rainfall, evapotranspiration, total soil-water potential, and soil-water content at a sagebrush site and a replacement-vegetation site near Fort Defiance, Arizona, 1989-91","docAbstract":"The Navajo Nation Forestry Department established a growth of four species of native grasses and two species of native shrubs on formerly sagebrush- covered land about 6 miles north of Fort Defiance, Arizona. The native grasses and shrubs grew under conditions of natural precipitation and soil fertility. This provided alternate grazing areas for tribal livestock. Tribal livestock previously had been grazed on timber-producing land, killing seedlings planted for reforestation. Rainfall, evapotranspiration, total soil-water potential, and soil-water content at a sagebrush site and a site planted with grasses and shrubs north Fort Defiance, Arizona were monitored to document hydrologic conditions during the experiment. Daily rainfall during the April through November 1989- 91 data-collection period ranged from 0 to 1.21 inches (0 to 30.7 millimeters). Evapotranspiration during the data-collection period generally ranged from about 0.5 to 2 millimeters per day (0.02 to 0.08 inch per day), increasing to 2 to 5 millimeters per day (0.08 to 0.20 inch per day) after rainfall. The total soil-water content ranged from 5.7 to 65.9 percent. Soils were wetter during the April data-collection period than during the November data-collection periods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9443","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C.L., 1994, Rainfall, evapotranspiration, total soil-water potential, and soil-water content at a sagebrush site and a replacement-vegetation site near Fort Defiance, Arizona, 1989-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-43, iv, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9443.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50723,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, C. L.","contributorId":43802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21058,"text":"ofr9477 - 1994 - South Cascade Glacier, Washington; hydrologic and meteorological data, 1957-67","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:25:39","indexId":"ofr9477","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-77","title":"South Cascade Glacier, Washington; hydrologic and meteorological data, 1957-67","docAbstract":"Historic hydrologic and meteorological data are compiled for South Cascade Glacier, Washington, USA, a site selected by the U.S. Geological Survey for long-term study of the response of a glacier to climate change and its effect on water resources. The data consist of stream discharge and meteorological data, including precipitation, air temperature, and instantaneous weather observations, all at various locations in the glacier basin. Data span the years 1957-67 and are presented in tables, with annual time-series graphs shown for most data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;USGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9477","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, M., 1994, South Cascade Glacier, Washington; hydrologic and meteorological data, 1957-67: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-77, v, 110 p. :ill., map ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9477.","productDescription":"v, 110 p. :ill., map ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50648,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277715,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0077/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b121","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, M.E.","contributorId":91889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20960,"text":"ofr93373 - 1994 - Crude-oil spill research project near Bemidji, Minnesota - Bibliography, 1984-1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:04:36","indexId":"ofr93373","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-373","title":"Crude-oil spill research project near Bemidji, Minnesota - Bibliography, 1984-1994","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey began a research project at the site of a crude-oil spill near Bemidji, Minnesota in 1983. The project is part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The objectives of research at the site are to obtain an understanding of the mobilization, transport, and fate of petroleum derivatives in the shallow subsurface and to use this understanding to develop predictive models of contaminant behavior. This report presents a bibliography of scientific papers that have been published from 1984 to early 1994. Research results have been published in scientific journals, conference proceedings, U.S. Geological Survey Reports, and academic theses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr93373","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.E., and Hult, M.F., 1994, Crude-oil spill research project near Bemidji, Minnesota - Bibliography, 1984-1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-373, i, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93373.","productDescription":"i, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0373/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50543,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0373/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db6808fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. E.","contributorId":46120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hult, M. F.","contributorId":29817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20751,"text":"ofr94361 - 1994 - Bibliography of selected publications approved by the U.S. Geological Survey on the water resources of New Mexico, 1975-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr94361","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-361","title":"Bibliography of selected publications approved by the U.S. Geological Survey on the water resources of New Mexico, 1975-93","docAbstract":"This bibliography of about 500 references authored by U.S. Geological Survey employees has been compiled to assist in the study and development of water resources. The citations are dated from January 1975 to December 1993. Each citation is numbered and indexed by geographic location and discipline. Selected citations are indexed by physiographic province and basin, military, Indian, and other reservations, and topics of special hydrologic interest.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94361","usgsCitation":"Sandoval, O., 1994, Bibliography of selected publications approved by the U.S. Geological Survey on the water resources of New Mexico, 1975-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-361, iii, 36 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94361.","productDescription":"iii, 36 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0361/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50307,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0361/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandoval, O.M.","contributorId":35759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandoval","given":"O.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20576,"text":"ofr94366 - 1994 - National Water Quality Laboratory Profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T18:02:42.706001","indexId":"ofr94366","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-366","title":"National Water Quality Laboratory Profile","docAbstract":"The National Water Quality Laboratory determines organic and inorganic constituents in samples of surface and ground water, river and lake sediment, aquatic plant and animal material, and precipitation collected throughout the United States and its territories by the U.S. Geological Survey. In water year 1994, the Laboratory produced more than 900,000 analytical results for about 65,000 samples. The Laboratory also coordinates an extensive network of contract laboratories for the determination of radiochemical and stable isotopes and work for the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Contamination Hydrology Program. Heightened concerns about water quality and about the possible effects of toxic chemicals at trace and ultratrace levels have contributed to an increased demand for impartial, objective, and independent data.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr94366","usgsCitation":"Raese, J.W., 1994, National Water Quality Laboratory Profile: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-366, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94366.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nwql.usgs.gov/Public/OFR-94-366.shtml","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raese, Jon W. jwraese@usgs.gov","contributorId":183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raese","given":"Jon","email":"jwraese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20028,"text":"ofr94322 - 1994 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Barrow, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr94322","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-322","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Barrow, Alaska","docAbstract":"To assist the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in evaluating the potential effects of environmental contamination at their facility in Barrow, Alaska, a general assessment was made of the hydrologic system is the vicinity of the installation. The City of Barrow is located approximately 16 kilometers southwest of Point Barrow, the northernmost point in Alaska, and therefore lies within the region of continuous permafrost. Migration of surface or shallow- subsurface chemical releases in this environ- ment would be largely restricted by near-surface permafrost to surface water and the upper, suprapermafrost zone of the subsurface. In the arctic climate and tundra terrain of the Barrow area, this shallow environment has a limited capacity to attenuate the effects of either physical disturbances or chemical contamination and is therefore highly susceptible to degradation. Esatkuat Lagoon, the present drink- ing water supply for the City of Barrow, is located approximately 2 kilometers from the FAA facility. This lagoon is the only practical source of drinking water available to the City of Barrow because alternative sources of water in the area are (1) frozen throughout most of the year, (2) insufficient in volume, (3) of poor quality, or (4) too costly to develop and distribute.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94322","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.A., 1994, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Barrow, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-322, iv, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94322.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0322/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49558,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0322/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a2da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19596,"text":"ofr9456 - 1994 - Hydrologic data for the Big Spring basin, Clayton County, Iowa, water year 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-18T11:55:06","indexId":"ofr9456","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-56","title":"Hydrologic data for the Big Spring basin, Clayton County, Iowa, water year 1991","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic data were collected in the Big Spring Basin located in Clayton County, Iowa, during the 1991 water year. The data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Bureau, to provide information on variation and movement of agricultural chemicals in the hydrologic cycle in the basin. Precipitation, surface-water, and ground-water data were collected.</p>\n<p>The largest amount of rainfall during water year 1991 (54.69 inches) was measured at the monitoring site on Unnamed Creek near Luana. The largest monthly rainfall (14.72 inches) occurred in June. Analyses of 39 rain samples indicated that calcium and sulfate were the predominant ions and that median concentrations of nitrate and ammonia as nitrogen were 0.36 and 0.49 mg/L (milligrams per liter), respectively.</p>\n<p>Stream discharge, specific conductance, pH, and water temperature were monitored continuously, and monthly water-quality samples were collected at a site on Roberts Creek and at Big Spring. Nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentrations in 27 samples from Roberts Creek at the point where it leaves the study area ranged from 1.8 to 22 mg/L. Herbicide concentrations in 26 samples from the Roberts Creek site ranged from less than 0.10 <span>&mu;</span>g/L (micrograms per liter) to 43 <span>&mu;</span>g/L. Alachlor was detected in 42 percent of the samples; atrazine in 92 percent; and cyanazine and metolachlor in 35 percent of the samples. The total suspended-sediment load discharged in Roberts Creek was about 160,000 tons. At Big Spring, the ground-water discharge point, the daily mean specific conductance ranged from 414 to 788 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, the daily median pH ranged from 6.7 to 7.1, and the daily mean water temperature ranged from 8.5 to 13.0 degrees Celsius. Concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen in 23 samples ranged from 4.2 to 17 mg/L. The total measured suspended-sediment discharged from Big Spring was about 17,000 tons. Alachlor was detected in 26 percent; atrazine in 100 percent; cyanazine in 26 percent, and metolachlor in 9 percent of the samples. The maximum atrazine concentration was 16 <span>&mu;</span>g/L.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9456","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Geological Survey Bureau)","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S., and Kuzniar, R., 1994, Hydrologic data for the Big Spring basin, Clayton County, Iowa, water year 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-56, vi, 87 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9456.","productDescription":"vi, 87 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49064,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Clayton County","otherGeospatial":"Big Spring basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.604,43.0816],[-91.4892,43.0817],[-91.37,43.0807],[-91.2546,43.0802],[-91.1944,43.08],[-91.178,43.0798],[-91.1777,43.0732],[-91.1782,43.0655],[-91.1776,43.0584],[-91.1766,43.0506],[-91.1756,43.0415],[-91.1716,43.0291],[-91.1677,43.0192],[-91.1624,43.0071],[-91.1589,42.9989],[-91.1579,42.9966],[-91.1566,42.9934],[-91.1563,42.9894],[-91.1568,42.9839],[-91.1585,42.9784],[-91.1566,42.9747],[-91.1559,42.9739],[-91.152,42.9695],[-91.1506,42.9678],[-91.1464,42.9609],[-91.1455,42.9518],[-91.1457,42.9445],[-91.1454,42.9395],[-91.1453,42.9372],[-91.1438,42.9268],[-91.1445,42.9168],[-91.1444,42.9104],[-91.1411,42.905],[-91.1372,42.9007],[-91.1311,42.8965],[-91.1218,42.8927],[-91.1132,42.8885],[-91.1047,42.8824],[-91.0999,42.875],[-91.0995,42.874],[-91.0971,42.8678],[-91.0944,42.8596],[-91.0924,42.8542],[-91.0908,42.8498],[-91.089,42.8462],[-91.086,42.8443],[-91.0847,42.8437],[-91.0823,42.8424],[-91.0796,42.8398],[-91.0775,42.8373],[-91.0776,42.8339],[-91.0781,42.8294],[-91.078,42.8214],[-91.0776,42.8103],[-91.0763,42.8],[-91.0735,42.7913],[-91.0713,42.7826],[-91.0696,42.7771],[-91.0688,42.7736],[-91.0667,42.7698],[-91.0649,42.767],[-91.0629,42.7645],[-91.062,42.762],[-91.0621,42.7591],[-91.0634,42.7561],[-91.0639,42.7545],[-91.0638,42.754],[-91.0632,42.7523],[-91.0613,42.75],[-91.0587,42.7487],[-91.0582,42.7485],[-91.0563,42.7478],[-91.0549,42.746],[-91.0549,42.7446],[-91.0543,42.7428],[-91.0517,42.7397],[-91.0492,42.7383],[-91.0467,42.7379],[-91.0447,42.7376],[-91.0417,42.7375],[-91.0392,42.7375],[-91.0354,42.7371],[-91.0323,42.7358],[-91.0305,42.7341],[-91.03,42.7314],[-91.0301,42.7291],[-91.0283,42.7263],[-91.0264,42.7249],[-91.0259,42.7245],[-91.0226,42.7227],[-91.0182,42.7205],[-91.0075,42.7161],[-90.998,42.7121],[-90.9903,42.7074],[-90.9841,42.7036],[-90.98,42.6995],[-90.9734,42.6956],[-90.9677,42.6929],[-90.9601,42.6898],[-90.9542,42.6872],[-90.9482,42.6858],[-90.9413,42.685],[-90.9382,42.685],[-90.9332,42.6856],[-90.9276,42.6856],[-90.9226,42.6843],[-90.9169,42.6821],[-90.9108,42.68],[-90.9065,42.6785],[-90.8985,42.6761],[-90.896,42.6753],[-90.8962,42.6697],[-90.8978,42.6447],[-91.0181,42.6452],[-91.1334,42.6451],[-91.2519,42.6445],[-91.3691,42.6437],[-91.4876,42.6442],[-91.606,42.6437],[-91.6055,42.731],[-91.605,42.8169],[-91.6045,42.9056],[-91.6046,42.9915],[-91.604,43.0816]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clayton\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f5c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuzniar, R.L.","contributorId":44558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzniar","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19114,"text":"ofr94347 - 1994 - Plan of study to determine the effect of changes in herbicide use on herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams, 1989-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T07:05:33","indexId":"ofr94347","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-347","title":"Plan of study to determine the effect of changes in herbicide use on herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams, 1989-94","docAbstract":"<p>An approach was developed to determine if recent changes in the use of herbicides has affected herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams. This approach also provides a plan to determine if the abnormally high rainfall and flooding in 1993 has an effect on nitrate concentrations in 1994 in streams that flooded in 1993. The approach involves sampling 53 stream sites, 50 of which were sampled in 1989 and 1990 as part of a reconnaissance to determine the geographic and seasonal distribution of herbicides in 10 Midwestern States. Sites will be sampled twice, once prior to application of herbicides, in March or early April, and once during the first runoff event after application of herbicides. Samples will be analyzed for 11 herbicide and 2 atrazine metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Samples will also be analyzed for ESA (an alachlor metabolite), two cyanazine metabolites, and nutrients.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Changes to the manufacturers' label have decreased the maximum recommended \napplication rate for atrazine on com and sorghum by about 50 percent since the 1989-90 study. Conversely, the use of other herbicides, such as cyanazine, has increased by more than 25 percent since 1989. Statistical procedures such as Wilcoxon signed rank tests for paired samples will be used to determine if the distributions of herbicide and nitrate concentrations in 1994 are different from those measured in 1989 and 1990.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr94347","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., Boyer, L.L., and Battaglin, W.A., 1994, Plan of study to determine the effect of changes in herbicide use on herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams, 1989-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-347, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94347.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"19","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"1994-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279464,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0347/report.pdf"},{"id":150695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0347/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.08,35.98 ], [ -104.08,49.5 ], [ -80.42,49.5 ], [ -80.42,35.98 ], [ -104.08,35.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6844de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, Laurie L.","contributorId":74399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19085,"text":"ofr94325 - 1994 - U. S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program Fiscal Year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr94325","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-325","title":"U. S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program Fiscal Year 1993","docAbstract":"The Federal-State Cooperative Program is a part- nership between the U.S. Geological Survey and State and local agencies. It provides a balanced approach to the study and resolution of water- related problems and to acquiring hydrologic data. The principal program objectives are to: (1) collect, on a systematic basis, data needed for the continuing determination and evaluation of the quantity, quality, and use of the Nation's water resources, and (2) appraise the availa- bility and the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of surface and ground water through analytical and interpretive investi- gations. During fiscal year 1993, hydrologic data collection, interpretive investigations, and research were conducted by Geological Survey personnel in offices in every State, Puerto Rico, and in several territories in cooperation with about 1,100 local, State, and regional agencies. In fiscal year 1993, Federal funding of $63.5 million was matched by cooperating agencies, which also provided almost $23 million unmatched for a total program of about $150 million. This amounted to nearly 40 percent of the total funds for Geological Survey water- resources activities. This report presents examples of current (1993) investigations. It also provides updated information on Cooperative Program investigations related to agricultural activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94325","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, B., 1994, U. S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Water-Resources Program Fiscal Year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-325, 45 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94325.","productDescription":"45 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0325/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48524,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0325/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, B.K.","contributorId":32167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18876,"text":"ofr9458 - 1994 - Lithologic descriptions of two cores and ground-water-quality data from five counties in the northeastern part of the coastal plain of South Carolina, 1988 and 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:08:27","indexId":"ofr9458","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-58","title":"Lithologic descriptions of two cores and ground-water-quality data from five counties in the northeastern part of the coastal plain of South Carolina, 1988 and 1991","docAbstract":"This report presents data collected as part of a hydrologic investigation of Darlington, Dillon, Florence, Marion, and Marlboro Counties in the northeastern part of the Coastal Plain of South Carolina. These data include lithologic descriptions of sediment recovered from two continuously cored boreholes and water-quality results for samples collected from 17 existing wells. One continuously cored borehole was drilled near Lake Darpo in the northern part of Darlington County to a total depth of 447 feet below land surface. The other borehole was drilled in Lake City in the south-central part of Florence County to a total depth of 1,090 feet below land surface. Water-quality results presented in this report include specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, alkalinity, major- and minor-ion chemistry, and hydrogen sulfide.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9458","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., 1994, Lithologic descriptions of two cores and ground-water-quality data from five counties in the northeastern part of the coastal plain of South Carolina, 1988 and 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-58, iv, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9458.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0058/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48273,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Darlington County, Dillon County, Florence County, Marion County, Marlboro 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W. F. 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":60251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18734,"text":"ofr94344 - 1994 - Black Hills hydrology study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr94344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-344","title":"Black Hills hydrology study","docAbstract":"The Black Hills area of western South Dakota is a valuable resource center.  The area has attracted numerous residents and industries because of the availability of mineral, timber, agricultural, recreational, and water resources. The water resources of the area have been stressed locally by increasing population, periodic drought, and development of other resources.  In response to residents' concerns about these stresses on the water resources, the Black Hills Hydrology Study was initiated in 1990 as a cooperative effort among the U.S. Geological Survey, the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the West Dakota Water Development District. West Dakota represents the various local and county cooperators.  This report describes the purpose, scope, approach, and status of the study and presents highlights from the first project data report produced for the study.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94344","usgsCitation":"Driscoll, D., 1994, Black Hills hydrology study: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-344, 4 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94344.","productDescription":"4 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0344/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48095,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0344/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db611fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driscoll, D.G.","contributorId":27081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18713,"text":"ofr94310 - 1994 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Moses Point, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr94310","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-310","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Moses Point, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration facility at Moses Point is located at the mouth of the Kwiniuk River on the Seward Peninsula in northwestern Alaska. This area has long cold winters and short summers which affect the hydrology of the area. The Federal Aviation Administration owns or operates airport support facilities at the Moses Point site and wishes to consider the subsistence lifestyles of area residents and the quality of the current environment when evaluating options for remediation of environmental contamination at their facilities. Currently no operating wells are in the area, but the vulnerability of the aquifer and other alternative water supplies are being evaluated because the Federal Aviation Administration has a potential liability for the storage and use of hazardous materials in the area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94310","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J., Ayres, R., and Sisco, W., 1994, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at Moses Point, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-310, iv, 11 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94310.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0310/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48072,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0310/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayres, R.P.","contributorId":84782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayres","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sisco, W.C.","contributorId":100874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisco","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":18712,"text":"ofr94119 - 1994 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at McGrath, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr94119","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-119","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at McGrath, Alaska","docAbstract":"The remote village of McGrath along the Kuskokwim River in southwestern Alaska has long cold winters and short summers. The village is located on the flood plain of the Kuskokwim River and obtains drinking water for its 533 residents from the Kuskokwim River. Surface spills and disposal of hazardous materials combined with frequent flooding of the Kuskokwim River could affect the quality of the drinking water.  Alternative drinking-water sources are available but at greater cost than existing supplies.  The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) owns or operates airport support facilities in McGrath and wishes to consider the subsistence lifestyle of the residents and the quality of the current environ- ment when evaluating options for remediation of environmental contamination at their facilities. This report describes the history, socioeconomics, physical setting, ground- and surface-water hydrology, geology, climate, vegetation, soils, and flood potential of the areas surrounding the FAA facilities near McGrath.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94119","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J., 1994, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at McGrath, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-119, 48 p.  :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94119.","productDescription":"48 p.  :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0119/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48071,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0119/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a27c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}