The endangered Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) is endemic to south Florida and a key indicator species of marl prairie, a highly diverse freshwater community in the Florida Everglades. Maintenance and creation of suitable habitat is seen as the most important pathway to the persistence of the six existing sparrow subpopulations; however, major uncertainties remain in how to increase suitable habitat within and surrounding these subpopulations, which are vulnerable to environmental stochasticity. Currently, consistently suitable conditions for the Cape Sable seaside sparrow are only present in two of these subpopulations (B and E). The water management scenarios evaluated herein were intended to lower water levels and improve habitat conditions in subpopulation A and D, raise water levels to improve habitat conditions in subpopulations C and F, and minimize impacts to subpopulations B and E. Our objective in this analysis was to compare these scenarios utilizing a set of metrics (short- to long-time scales) that relate habitat suitability to hydrologic conditions. Although hydrologic outputs are similar across scenarios in subpopulation A, scenario R2H reaches the hydroperiod and depth suitability targets more than the other scenarios relative to ECB, while minimizing negative consequences to subpopulation E. However, although R2H hydroperiods are longer than those for ECB during the wet season in subpopulations C and F, depths during the breeding season are predicted to decrease in suitability (less than -50 cm) relative to existing conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161107","usgsCitation":"Beerens, J.M., Romañach, S.S., and McKelvy, Mark. 2016, Evaluating water management scenarios to support habitat management for the Cape Sable seaside sparrow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1107, 62 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161107.","productDescription":"x, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076424","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324233,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1107/ofr20161107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1107"},{"id":324232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1107/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 26.23430203240673\n ],\n [\n -80.079345703125,\n 26.23430203240673\n ],\n [\n -80.079345703125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 25.110471486223346\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey,
7920 NW 71 Street
Gainesville, FL 32653,
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center-warc
","tableOfContents":"In the immediate aftermath of natural disasters, public health officials and other first responders engage in many activities to protect the public and ecosystems in the affected area. These activities include critical tasks designed to minimize adverse consequences resulting from chemical and microbial contaminant exposures, such as acute disease incidence and transmission. However, once these urgent priorities have been met and situations requiring immediate attention have been stabilized, questions regarding the potential longer term threats to humans and ecosystems associated with persistent contaminant exposures remain. Research conducted to address these questions is frequently challenged by the lack of available baseline contaminant information collected before the event for comparison and perspective. In addition, deployments of field crews and collection of environmental samples typically occur days, weeks, or months after the event. Consequently, during and in the aftermath of disasters, public health agencies commonly advise the public to disinfect water, avoid contact with disturbed infrastructure (such as sewer lines), and (or) refrain from use of recreational waters, with the general focus on acute health threats; however, the persisting effects of such releases on local recreational waters, fisheries, and other estuarine habitats are often undetermined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.045","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.J., Focazio, M.J., and Simmons, D.L., 2016, Resetting the bar: Establishing baselines for persistent contaminants after Hurricane Sandy in the coastal environments of New Jersey and New York, USA: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 107, no. 2, p. 414-421, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.045.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"421","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070873","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.52001953125,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -75.52001953125,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -71.7901611328125,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -71.7901611328125,\n 38.57393751557591\n ],\n [\n -75.52001953125,\n 38.57393751557591\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576ba89fe4b07657d1a1768e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, Dale L. dsimmons@usgs.gov","contributorId":575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Dale","email":"dsimmons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174041,"text":"70174041 - 2016 - Effects of salt pond restoration on benthic flux: Sediment as a source of nutrients to the water column","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T09:47:42","indexId":"70174041","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5102,"text":"Journal of Environmental Protection","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of salt pond restoration on benthic flux: Sediment as a source of nutrients to the water column","docAbstract":"Understanding nutrient flux between the benthos and the overlying water (benthic flux) is critical to restoration of water quality and biological resources because it can represent a major source of nutrients to the water column. Extensive water management commenced in the San Francisco Bay, Beginning around 1850, San Francisco Bay wetlands were converted to salt ponds and mined extensively for more than a century. Long-term (decadal) salt pond restoration efforts began in 2003. A patented device for sampling porewater at varying depths, to calculate the gradient, was employed between 2010 and 2012. Within the former ponds, the benthic flux of soluble reactive phosphorus and that of dissolved ammonia were consistently positive (i.e., moving out of the sediment into the water column). The lack of measurable nitrate or nitrite concentration gradients across the sediment-water interface suggested negligible fluxes for dissolved nitrate and nitrite. The dominance of ammonia in the porewater indicated anoxic sediment conditions, even at only 1 cm depth, which is consistent with the observed, elevated sediment oxygen demand. Nearby openestuary sediments showed much lower benthic flux values for nutrients than the salt ponds under resortation. Allochthonous solute transport provides a nutrient advective flux for comparison to benthic flux. For ammonia, averaged for all sites and dates, benthic flux was about 80,000 kg/year, well above the advective flux range of −50 to 1500 kg/year, with much of the variability depending on the tidal cycle. By contrast, the average benthic flux of soluble reactive phosphorus was about 12,000 kg/year, of significant magnitude, but less than the advective flux range of 21,500 to 30,000 kg/year. These benthic flux estimates, based on solute diffusion across the sediment-water interface, reveal a significant nutrient source to the water column of the pond which stimulates algal blooms (often autotrophic). This benthic source may be augmented further by bioturbation, bioirrigation and episodic sediment resuspension events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research Publishing Inc","doi":"10.4236/jep.2016.77095","usgsCitation":"Topping, B.R., Kuwabara, J.S., Carter, J.L., Garrettt, K.K., Mruz, E., Piotter, S., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2016, Effects of salt pond restoration on benthic flux: Sediment as a source of nutrients to the water column: Journal of Environmental Protection, v. 7, p. 1064-1071, https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2016.77095.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1064","endPage":"1071","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063951","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2016.77095","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.33276367187499,\n 37.20626914065441\n ],\n [\n -122.58270263671876,\n 37.64468458716586\n ],\n [\n -122.83538818359375,\n 38.34596449365382\n ],\n [\n -121.87683105468749,\n 38.34596449365382\n ],\n [\n -121.88507080078125,\n 37.201893907733826\n ],\n [\n -122.33276367187499,\n 37.20626914065441\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576e59aee4b07657d1a43c59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrettt, Krista K.","contributorId":172414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrettt","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27034,"text":".","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mruz, Eric","contributorId":141086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mruz","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13673,"text":"Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piotter, Sarah","contributorId":172424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piotter","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70171468,"text":"70171468 - 2016 - Simulated impacts of climate change on phosphorus loading to Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T15:07:51","indexId":"70171468","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated impacts of climate change on phosphorus loading to Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Phosphorus (P) loading to the Great Lakes has caused various types of eutrophication problems. Future climatic changes may modify this loading because climatic models project changes in future meteorological conditions, especially for the key hydrologic driver — precipitation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to project how P loading may change from the range of projected climatic changes. To project the future response in P loading, the HydroSPARROW approach was developed that links results from two spatially explicit models, the SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) transport and fate watershed model and the water-quantity Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). PRMS was used to project changes in streamflow throughout the Lake Michigan Basin using downscaled meteorological data from eight General Circulation Models (GCMs) subjected to three greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Downscaled GCMs project a + 2.1 to + 4.0 °C change in average-annual air temperature (+ 2.6 °C average) and a − 5.1% to + 16.7% change in total annual precipitation (+ 5.1% average) for this geographic area by the middle of this century (2045–2065) and larger changes by the end of the century. The climatic changes by mid-century are projected to result in a − 21.2% to + 8.9% change in total annual streamflow (− 1.8% average) and a − 29.6% to + 17.2% change in total annual P loading (− 3.1% average). Although the average projected changes in streamflow and P loading are relatively small for the entire basin, considerable variability exists spatially and among GCMs because of their variability in projected future precipitation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.009","issn":"0380-1330","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Saad, D.A., Christiansen, D.E., and Lorenz, D.J., 2016, Simulated impacts of climate change on phosphorus loading to Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 3, p. 536-548, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"536","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068900","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -85.69335937499999,\n 45.98932892799953\n ],\n [\n -85.858154296875,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 45.97406038956237\n ],\n [\n -86.12182617187499,\n 45.95878764035642\n ],\n [\n -86.36352539062499,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -86.36352539062499,\n 45.90529985724796\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 45.85176048817254\n ],\n [\n -86.561279296875,\n 45.90529985724796\n ],\n [\n -86.693115234375,\n 45.867062714815475\n ],\n [\n -86.77001953125,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -86.84692382812499,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -86.912841796875,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -86.934814453125,\n 45.79816953017265\n ],\n [\n -86.912841796875,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -86.912841796875,\n 45.91294412737392\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 45.935870621190546\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 45.882360730184025\n ],\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 45.79050946752472\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -87.198486328125,\n 45.66012730272194\n ],\n [\n -87.242431640625,\n 45.590978249451936\n ],\n [\n -87.6104736328125,\n 45.178164812206376\n ],\n [\n -87.64892578125,\n 45.092913646051144\n ],\n [\n -87.6544189453125,\n 45.01530198999212\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 44.999767019181306\n ],\n [\n -87.8631591796875,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 44.797428998555645\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 44.692088041727814\n ],\n [\n -88.033447265625,\n 44.610023477890515\n ],\n [\n -88.06640625,\n 44.574817404670306\n ],\n [\n -87.95654296875,\n 44.46123053905882\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 44.044167353572185\n ],\n [\n -87.9180908203125,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -87.90710449218749,\n 42.93631775765237\n ],\n [\n -87.835693359375,\n 42.76314586689494\n ],\n [\n -87.857666015625,\n 42.48019996901214\n ],\n [\n -87.8961181640625,\n 42.28137302193453\n ],\n [\n -87.7972412109375,\n 42.11859868281563\n ],\n [\n -87.72033691406249,\n 41.99624282178583\n ],\n [\n -87.637939453125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -87.506103515625,\n 41.63186741069748\n ],\n [\n -87.4127197265625,\n 41.59490508367679\n ],\n [\n -87.286376953125,\n 41.57847058443442\n ],\n [\n -87.154541015625,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -86.978759765625,\n 41.66060124302088\n ],\n [\n -86.7645263671875,\n 41.74672584176937\n ],\n [\n -86.63818359375,\n 41.84501267270692\n ],\n [\n -86.51184082031249,\n 41.96357478222518\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 42.05745022024682\n ],\n [\n -86.41845703124999,\n 42.134894984239224\n ],\n [\n -86.275634765625,\n 42.35042512243457\n ],\n [\n -86.220703125,\n 42.51665075361143\n ],\n [\n -86.1932373046875,\n 42.67435857693384\n ],\n [\n -86.17675781249999,\n 42.79540065303723\n ],\n [\n -86.17675781249999,\n 42.92022922733792\n ],\n [\n -86.187744140625,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -86.2371826171875,\n 43.1450861841603\n ],\n [\n -86.319580078125,\n 43.265206318396025\n ],\n [\n -86.3690185546875,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -86.4239501953125,\n 43.488797600050006\n ],\n [\n -86.484375,\n 43.59232754538541\n ],\n [\n -86.495361328125,\n 43.65594991256823\n ],\n [\n -86.4349365234375,\n 43.72744458647466\n ],\n [\n -86.385498046875,\n 43.79885402720353\n ],\n [\n -86.4129638671875,\n 43.91768033000405\n ],\n [\n -86.4459228515625,\n 43.98886243884903\n ],\n [\n -86.45690917968749,\n 44.044167353572185\n ],\n [\n -86.3525390625,\n 44.18220395771566\n ],\n [\n -86.27014160156249,\n 44.3002644115815\n ],\n [\n -86.209716796875,\n 44.406316252661355\n ],\n [\n -86.2042236328125,\n 44.47691085722325\n ],\n [\n -86.220703125,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -86.2261962890625,\n 44.66083904265621\n ],\n [\n -86.1492919921875,\n 44.692088041727814\n ],\n [\n -86.0394287109375,\n 44.75453548416007\n ],\n [\n -86.0174560546875,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -85.946044921875,\n 44.82860426955568\n ],\n [\n -85.8526611328125,\n 44.78573392716592\n ],\n [\n -85.6329345703125,\n 44.727223022457416\n ],\n [\n -85.49011230468749,\n 44.680371641890375\n ],\n [\n -85.308837890625,\n 44.73892994307368\n ],\n [\n -85.1605224609375,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -85.1385498046875,\n 45.03859654645257\n ],\n [\n -85.0946044921875,\n 45.11230010229608\n ],\n [\n -84.87487792968749,\n 45.20139301126898\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 45.30193900072717\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 45.42158812329091\n ],\n [\n -84.81994628906249,\n 45.56021795715051\n ],\n [\n -84.79248046875,\n 45.897654534346884\n ],\n [\n -84.9078369140625,\n 46.01985337287634\n ],\n [\n -85.133056640625,\n 46.06560846138691\n ],\n [\n -85.352783203125,\n 46.126556302418514\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 46.10370875598026\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576ba89fe4b07657d1a1769a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christiansen, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6108-2247 dechrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-2247","contributorId":366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Daniel","email":"dechrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, David J","contributorId":169822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170976,"text":"sir20165061 - 2016 - Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River near Kansas City, Missouri, June 2–4, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T09:37:57","indexId":"sir20165061","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5061","title":"Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River near Kansas City, Missouri, June 2–4, 2015","docAbstract":"Bathymetric and velocimetric data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, near 8 bridges at 7 highway crossings of the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, from June 2 to 4, 2015. A multibeam echosounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches ranging from 1,640 to 1,660 feet longitudinally and extending laterally across the active channel from bank to bank during low to moderate flood flow conditions. These bathymetric surveys indicate the channel conditions at the time of the surveys and provide characteristics of scour holes that may be useful in the development of predictive guidelines or equations for scour holes. These data also may be useful to the Missouri Department of Transportation as a low to moderate flood flow comparison to help assess the bridges for stability and integrity issues with respect to bridge scour during floods.
\nBathymetric data were collected around every pier that was in water, except those at the edge of water or surrounded by a debris raft, and scour holes were observed at most surveyed piers. The observed scour holes at the surveyed bridges were examined with respect to shape and depth. Although exposure of parts of substructural support elements was observed at several piers, the exposure likely can be considered minimal compared to the overall substructure that remains buried in bed material at these piers.
\nThe frontal slope values determined for scour holes observed in the current (2015) study generally are similar to recommended values in the literature and values determined for scour holes in previous bathymetric surveys. Several of the structures had piers that were skewed to primary approach flow, and generally the scour hole was deeper and longer on the side of the pier with impinging flow, with some amount of deposition on the leeward side, typical of conditions observed at piers skewed to approach flow; however, at structure A7650 (site 10), the scour hole was deeper and longer on the leeward side of the pier, possibly because of a deflection and contraction of flow caused by a protrusion of the corresponding bank at the bridge.
\nPrevious bathymetric surveys exist for all the sites examined in this study. Comparisons between bathymetric surfaces from the previous surveys (in March 2010 and during the 2011 flood) and those of this study do not indicate any consistent correlation in channel-bed elevations with flow conditions. A simplified assumption of equal to lesser magnitude scour for the lower discharge in the 2015 surveys did not consistently prove to be true, particularly in respect to the depth of observed scour near the piers when compared to results collected during the 2011 flood.
\nA local spatial minimum average channel-bed elevation at structure A7650 (site 10) compared to adjacent sites may indicate this site is at or near a local feature that controls sediment deposition and scour. The average channel-bed elevation values and the distribution of channel-bed elevations imply that sediment unable to deposit near structure A7650 is flushed downstream and deposits at the next downstream site, structure A5817 (site 11).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2016, Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River near Kansas City, Missouri, June 2–4, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5061, 93 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165061.","productDescription":"ix, 93 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073946","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5061/sir20165061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5061"},{"id":324167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5061/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.7,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -94.7,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -94.3,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -94.3,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -94.7,\n 39.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
Summary 1. Wildfires are the principal disturbance in the boreal forest, and their size and frequency are increasing as the climate warms. Impacts of fires on boreal wildlife are largely unknown, especially for the tens of millions of waterfowl that breed in the region. This knowledge gap creates significant barriers to the integrative management of fires and waterfowl, leading to fire policies that largely disregard waterfowl. 2. Waterfowl populations across the western boreal forest of North America have been monitored annually since 1955 by the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey (BPOP), widely considered the most extensive wildlife survey in the world. Using these data, we examined impacts of forest fires on abundance of two waterfowl guilds – dabblers and divers. We modelled waterfowl abundance in relation to fire extent (i.e. amount of survey transect burned) and time since fire, examining both immediate and lagged fire impacts. 3. From 1955 to 2014, >1100 fires in the western boreal forest intersected BPOP survey transects, and many transects burned multiple times. Nonetheless, fires had no detectable impact on waterfowl abundance; annual transect counts of dabbler and diver pairs remained stable from the pre- to post-fire period. 4. The absence of fire impacts on waterfowl abundance extended from the years immediately following the fire to those more than a decade afterwards. Likewise, the amount of transect burned did not influence waterfowl abundance, with similar pair counts from the pre- to post-fire period for small (1–20% burned), medium (21–60%) and large (>60%) burns. 5. Policy implications. Waterfowl populations appear largely resilient to forest fires, providing initial evidence that current policies of limited fire suppression, which predominate throughout much of the boreal forest, have not been detrimental to waterfowl populations. Likewise, fire-related management actions, such as prescribed burning or targeted suppression, seem to have limited impacts on waterfowl abundance and productivity. For waterfowl managers, our results suggest that adaptive models of waterfowl harvest, which annually guide hunting quotas, do not need to emphasize fires when integrating climate change effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"London, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12705","collaboration":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., Schmutz, J.A., Amundson, C.L., and Lindberg, M., 2016, Waterfowl populations are resilient to immediate and lagged impacts of wildfires in the boreal forest: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 53, no. 3, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071371","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470863,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7RR1WBN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Waterfowl Counts and Wildfire Burn Data from the Western Boreal Forest of North America, 1955-2014"},{"id":324532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324531,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb9e4b07657d1a90da4","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12705","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12705","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Lewis Tyler L., Schmutz Joel A., Amundson Courtney L., Lindberg Mark S.","journalName":"Journal of Applied Ecology","publicationDate":"6/21/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler 0000-0002-4998-3031 tlewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-3031","contributorId":169307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler","email":"tlewis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amundson, Courtney L. 0000-0002-0166-7224 camundson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-7224","contributorId":4833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Courtney","email":"camundson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173854,"text":"70173854 - 2016 - Source, variability, and transformation of nitrate in a regional karst aquifer: Edwards aquifer, central Texas.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T16:20:07","indexId":"70173854","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source, variability, and transformation of nitrate in a regional karst aquifer: Edwards aquifer, central Texas.","docAbstract":"Many karst regions are undergoing rapid population growth and expansion of urban land accompanied by increases in wastewater generation and changing patterns of nitrate (NO3−) loading to surface and groundwater. We investigate variability and sources of NO3− in a regional karst aquifer system, the Edwards aquifer of central Texas. Samples from streams recharging the aquifer, groundwater wells, and springs were collected during 2008–12 from the Barton Springs and San Antonio segments of the Edwards aquifer and analyzed for nitrogen (N) species concentrations and NO3− stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O). These data were augmented by historical data collected from 1937 to 2007. NO3− concentrations and discharge data indicate that short-term variability (days to months) in groundwater NO3− concentrations in the Barton Springs segment is controlled by occurrence of individual storms and multi-annual wet-dry cycles, whereas the lack of short-term variability in groundwater in the San Antonio segment indicates the dominance of transport along regional flow paths. In both segments, longer-term increases (years to decades) in NO3− concentrations cannot be attributed to hydrologic conditions; rather, isotopic ratios and land-use change indicate that septic systems and land application of treated wastewater might be the source of increased loading of NO3−. These results highlight the vulnerability of karst aquifers to NO3− contamination from urban wastewater. An analysis of N-species loading in recharge and discharge for the Barton Springs segment during 2008–10 indicates an overall mass balance in total N, but recharge contains higher concentrations of organic N and lower concentrations of NO3−than does discharge, consistent with nitrification of organic N within the aquifer and consumption of dissolved oxygen. This study demonstrates that subaqueous nitrification of organic N in the aquifer, as opposed to in soils, might be a previously unrecognized source of NO3− to karst groundwater or other oxic groundwater systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.201","usgsCitation":"Musgrove, M., Opsahl, S.P., Mahler, B., Herrington, C., Sample, T., and Banta, J., 2016, Source, variability, and transformation of nitrate in a regional karst aquifer: Edwards aquifer, central Texas.: Science of the Total Environment, v. 568, p. 457-469, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.201.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"469","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062966","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.61279296875,\n 29.27681632836857\n ],\n [\n -100.61279296875,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -97.7288818359375,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -97.7288818359375,\n 29.27681632836857\n ],\n [\n -100.61279296875,\n 29.27681632836857\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"568","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a571ee4b07657d1a064e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn 0000-0003-1607-3864 mmusgrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-3864","contributorId":1316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","email":"mmusgrov@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahler, Barbara 0000-0002-9150-9552 bjmahler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-9552","contributorId":1249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"Barbara","email":"bjmahler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herrington, Chris","contributorId":9221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrington","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sample, Thomas 0000-0002-3960-8334 tlsample@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-8334","contributorId":171807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sample","given":"Thomas","email":"tlsample@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Banta, John 0000-0002-2226-7270 jbanta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":171808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"John","email":"jbanta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70173403,"text":"70173403 - 2016 - Surface water connectivity drives richness and composition of Arctic lake fish assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:06:42","indexId":"70173403","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface water connectivity drives richness and composition of Arctic lake fish assemblages","docAbstract":"A recent outbreak of beak deformities among resident birds in Alaska has raised concern about environmental contamination as a possible underlying factor. We measured whole blood concentrations of 30 essential and nonessential elements to determine whether any were associated with beak deformities in Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus). We tested for differences between 1) adults with versus those without beak deformities and 2) unaffected adults versus juveniles. Crows with beak deformities had slightly higher levels of barium, molybdenum, and vanadium (all P<0.05), but concentrations were generally low and within the range of values reported from other apparently healthy wild birds. Concentrations of several elements, including selenium, were higher in birds without versus birds with beak deformities (all P<0.05), a difference that may be explained in part by compromised foraging ability associated with the deformities. Adult crows had higher concentrations of cadmium, silicon, and zinc than juveniles (all P<0.05), although differences were relatively small and values were similar to those from other wild birds. Our results suggest that neither selenium nor other tested elements are likely to be causing beak deformities in Alaskan crows. We also provide the first data on elemental concentrations in Northwestern Crows. Levels of selenium far exceeded those typically found in passerine birds and were similar to those in marine-associated waterfowl, suggesting that background levels should be interpreted relative to a species's environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/2015-10-287","usgsCitation":"Van Hemert, C.R., and Handel, C.M., 2016, Elements in whole blood of Northwestern Crows (Corvus caurinus) in Alaska: No evidence for an association with beak deformities: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 52, no. 3, p. 713-718, https://doi.org/10.7589/2015-10-287.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"718","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070194","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-162.255031,54.978353],[-162.30058,54.832594],[-162.41737,54.877491],[-162.255031,54.978353]]],[[[-160.0179,55.15613],[-159.889174,55.287138],[-159.905365,55.164689],[-159.816419,55.178051],[-160.183466,54.91568],[-160.191392,55.108574],[-160.0179,55.15613]]],[[[-159.455311,55.061452],[-159.328791,54.980598],[-159.426615,54.942266],[-159.455311,55.061452]]],[[[-161.718614,55.154166],[-161.608634,55.116906],[-161.862504,55.127598],[-161.718614,55.154166]]],[[[-160.506927,55.32773],[-160.486174,55.193617],[-160.806009,55.12567],[-160.797147,55.381521],[-160.344369,55.362962],[-160.330722,55.261045],[-160.506927,55.32773]]],[[[-160.21178,55.455862],[-160.141834,55.387154],[-160.27997,55.395905],[-160.21178,55.455862]]],[[[-165.790523,54.171758],[-165.714198,54.120815],[-166.098255,54.103538],[-166.002465,54.213629],[-165.790523,54.171758]]],[[[-165.523466,54.299895],[-165.405377,54.212837],[-165.629725,54.132558],[-165.681458,54.236914],[-165.523466,54.299895]]],[[[-162.801865,54.48944],[-162.588883,54.450064],[-162.611891,54.368077],[-162.86005,54.425452],[-162.801865,54.48944]]],[[[-170.286318,57.128169],[-170.311707,57.219122],[-170.161647,57.229656],[-170.286318,57.128169]]],[[[178.785825,51.633434],[179.462765,51.376176],[178.634021,51.623981],[178.785825,51.633434]]],[[[-176.762478,51.867878],[-176.789558,51.957211],[-176.603598,51.997056],[-176.543309,51.838624],[-176.268243,51.785498],[-176.930952,51.59247],[-176.918065,51.788003],[-176.762478,51.867878]]],[[[-177.800647,51.778294],[-177.909185,51.596671],[-178.172666,51.839985],[-177.615311,51.85508],[-177.800647,51.778294]]],[[[-177.360408,51.727533],[-177.631523,51.696844],[-177.099266,51.936119],[-177.13096,51.762772],[-177.360408,51.727533]]],[[[177.601645,52.016377],[177.235523,51.87326],[177.661607,52.112746],[177.601645,52.016377]]],[[[179.758993,51.946595],[179.649484,51.87367],[179.482464,51.982834],[179.758993,51.946595]]],[[[-174.301818,52.278949],[-174.408277,52.289872],[-174.185347,52.417788],[-173.989415,52.325275],[-174.177679,52.233638],[-174.090169,52.139119],[-175.27485,52.018619],[-174.301818,52.278949]]],[[[-173.602446,52.153773],[-173.019588,52.097881],[-173.511915,52.031278],[-174.04675,52.122403],[-173.602446,52.153773]]],[[[173.587554,52.476785],[173.769503,52.512072],[173.725696,52.356579],[173.3955,52.402647],[173.587554,52.476785]]],[[[172.763366,52.823656],[172.469022,52.911337],[173.107249,52.993228],[173.421682,52.845477],[172.763366,52.823656]]],[[[-168.211705,53.256184],[-169.041338,52.839348],[-168.617143,53.260985],[-168.366519,53.252024],[-168.315847,53.481729],[-167.816998,53.517947],[-167.872879,53.36736],[-168.211705,53.256184]]],[[[-166.728918,54.003111],[-166.57509,53.879236],[-166.373689,54.01003],[-166.210964,53.933557],[-166.547438,53.749404],[-166.119922,53.855048],[-166.111317,53.776856],[-166.656234,53.487119],[-167.798984,53.284757],[-167.102305,53.515077],[-167.16164,53.605909],[-167.041245,53.707929],[-166.779991,53.719126],[-167.141966,53.826932],[-166.728918,54.003111]]],[[[-169.553937,56.608682],[-169.473138,56.601741],[-169.75575,56.591922],[-169.553937,56.608682]]],[[[-165.721389,60.16962],[-165.539367,59.965175],[-166.157071,59.748886],[-167.111785,59.989349],[-167.421489,60.205431],[-166.847438,60.213592],[-166.124379,60.414253],[-165.697326,60.297238],[-165.721389,60.16962]]],[[[-173.052751,60.515252],[-172.951862,60.605671],[-172.269754,60.333887],[-172.595895,60.318233],[-173.052751,60.515252]]],[[[-160.918586,58.746935],[-160.700627,58.817368],[-160.880515,58.581325],[-161.07563,58.549916],[-160.918586,58.746935]]],[[[-151.930565,60.51632],[-151.839194,60.485862],[-152.079995,60.341191],[-151.930565,60.51632]]],[[[-131.246018,54.989555],[-131.253671,54.866779],[-131.469097,54.913153],[-131.246018,54.989555]]],[[[-131.759896,55.381845],[-131.748334,55.128588],[-131.870568,55.364553],[-131.759896,55.381845]]],[[[-158.800682,55.891025],[-158.7036,55.841532],[-158.889198,55.810123],[-158.800682,55.891025]]],[[[-131.56956,55.284114],[-131.350575,55.067042],[-131.579882,55.017576],[-131.56956,55.284114]]],[[[-133.344847,55.569327],[-133.289854,55.50187],[-133.609073,55.241486],[-133.690174,55.304409],[-133.733029,55.558757],[-133.644202,55.470815],[-133.344847,55.569327]]],[[[-133.104304,55.426907],[-133.416549,55.739647],[-133.701152,55.78516],[-133.347915,55.803943],[-133.384089,55.87677],[-133.799931,55.925349],[-133.548802,56.14284],[-133.593728,56.352192],[-133.094977,56.250583],[-132.146062,55.470346],[-132.514798,55.576767],[-132.608786,55.486348],[-132.408317,55.512522],[-132.166857,55.363039],[-132.214912,55.2457],[-131.979818,55.211787],[-132.180334,55.015557],[-131.984592,55.027978],[-131.999591,54.731975],[-132.142277,54.691674],[-132.55839,54.932612],[-132.598675,55.150482],[-132.748854,54.996007],[-133.119294,55.251405],[-132.909706,54.923594],[-132.650001,54.904387],[-132.676226,54.680865],[-132.866355,54.700386],[-133.21042,55.040269],[-133.223791,55.229317],[-133.473593,55.255547],[-133.021557,55.366336],[-133.104304,55.426907]]],[[[-147.483828,60.618636],[-147.487635,60.728092],[-147.3087,60.665274],[-147.483828,60.618636]]],[[[-147.217704,60.293504],[-146.962633,60.311911],[-147.533041,59.852401],[-147.912883,59.79224],[-147.217704,60.293504]]],[[[-147.562801,60.579821],[-147.720124,60.202002],[-147.908985,60.224359],[-147.782548,60.4833],[-147.562801,60.579821]]],[[[-132.977163,56.439673],[-132.634335,56.422174],[-132.662081,56.274795],[-133.010587,56.309492],[-132.977163,56.439673]]],[[[-135.631777,58.380673],[-135.538502,58.337842],[-135.727908,58.365444],[-135.631777,58.380673]]],[[[-134.713987,58.220748],[-134.215981,58.162128],[-133.832895,57.635733],[-134.202353,57.90633],[-133.870327,57.381298],[-134.565687,57.023737],[-134.646773,57.226327],[-134.578511,57.400291],[-134.486023,57.372492],[-134.969189,58.367542],[-134.713987,58.220748]]],[[[-155.656727,55.860872],[-155.564404,55.809476],[-155.718593,55.772356],[-155.656727,55.860872]]],[[[-152.24289,58.241192],[-152.265111,58.135732],[-152.562829,58.177979],[-152.706831,58.050577],[-153.075746,58.099571],[-152.876788,58.002307],[-152.982406,57.984697],[-153.419783,58.059638],[-153.156402,58.090087],[-153.209672,58.15035],[-152.610955,58.475775],[-152.56771,58.621304],[-152.354709,58.63828],[-152.493991,58.354684],[-152.328063,58.434372],[-151.964103,58.269049],[-152.081083,58.154275],[-152.24289,58.241192]]],[[[-153.940505,56.558317],[-154.343096,56.510171],[-154.223759,56.612955],[-153.940505,56.558317]]],[[[-152.417424,57.815464],[-152.324284,57.824444],[-152.468172,57.600996],[-152.179531,57.624809],[-152.323683,57.467861],[-152.9663,57.51217],[-152.601148,57.382165],[-153.079288,57.32196],[-152.97091,57.282624],[-153.163333,57.216713],[-152.874839,57.16095],[-153.301142,56.991192],[-153.328206,57.141993],[-153.675981,57.06983],[-153.543429,56.995245],[-153.97178,56.744861],[-154.129017,56.742168],[-153.804787,57.113158],[-154.298965,56.846479],[-154.574343,57.239919],[-154.777368,57.280008],[-154.629678,57.510197],[-154.22566,57.661366],[-153.994572,57.656905],[-153.802932,57.350896],[-153.877756,57.629529],[-153.667261,57.639008],[-153.93522,57.813047],[-153.721176,57.890615],[-153.557647,57.734741],[-153.324872,57.831048],[-153.528697,57.921717],[-153.469421,57.977282],[-153.127278,57.856748],[-153.299009,57.985626],[-152.723425,57.99172],[-152.904312,57.750825],[-152.415177,57.973081],[-152.324103,57.916604],[-152.417424,57.815464]]],[[[-134.283312,55.925175],[-134.173104,55.918519],[-134.327238,55.83644],[-134.283312,55.925175]]],[[[-134.121514,56.069847],[-134.224073,56.065223],[-134.292353,56.352644],[-134.067466,56.390987],[-134.089604,56.472582],[-134.401407,56.725419],[-134.339168,56.90183],[-134.19095,56.861675],[-134.273113,56.933823],[-133.76778,56.780469],[-133.713331,56.598298],[-133.895746,56.511217],[-133.971228,56.083293],[-134.054411,56.224854],[-134.121514,56.069847]]],[[[-132.546463,56.606563],[-132.984751,56.51264],[-133.325392,56.791864],[-133.089388,56.535474],[-133.603669,56.435413],[-133.689996,56.839421],[-134.049218,57.029203],[-133.104611,57.005701],[-132.546463,56.606563]]],[[[-134.666587,56.169947],[-135.054049,56.527658],[-135.005249,56.602252],[-135.398678,56.779201],[-135.372021,57.228003],[-135.674687,57.336747],[-135.526036,57.509697],[-134.849477,57.40967],[-134.615955,56.637289],[-134.666587,56.169947]]],[[[-135.587961,57.89732],[-135.29156,57.737468],[-134.929726,57.759203],[-134.824891,57.500067],[-135.025148,57.454315],[-135.571606,57.674397],[-135.669416,57.389296],[-135.892131,57.408048],[-136.563223,58.035052],[-136.354836,58.192279],[-136.404805,58.267232],[-136.239246,58.171913],[-135.823562,58.282975],[-135.522646,58.185909],[-135.581753,57.997568],[-135.420107,58.144202],[-134.912854,57.979287],[-135.140674,57.926114],[-134.991819,57.835436],[-135.19896,57.775092],[-135.587961,57.89732]]],[[[-135.703464,57.32204],[-135.575722,57.104231],[-135.854131,56.995043],[-135.755997,57.121225],[-135.849974,57.265895],[-135.703464,57.32204]]],[[[-162.587754,63.275727],[-162.252411,63.541753],[-161.310181,63.471312],[-160.809089,63.731332],[-160.976038,64.235761],[-161.492926,64.407851],[-161.388621,64.532783],[-161.024185,64.499719],[-160.783398,64.71716],[-161.149655,64.911985],[-161.42986,64.759027],[-162.188146,64.672395],[-162.790167,64.325182],[-162.940776,64.542417],[-163.217757,64.632062],[-163.311983,64.58828],[-163.033231,64.519314],[-163.175336,64.399334],[-163.597834,64.563356],[-165.001961,64.433917],[-166.189546,64.575798],[-166.451788,64.691761],[-166.410198,64.827968],[-166.530518,64.937114],[-166.911922,65.125965],[-166.521506,65.149242],[-166.439404,65.319058],[-167.398458,65.400259],[-168.127044,65.626584],[-165.80503,66.33331],[-164.400727,66.58111],[-163.754171,66.551284],[-163.904813,66.230303],[-164.046937,66.209404],[-163.623921,66.058281],[-161.838018,66.022582],[-161.548429,66.239912],[-161.067871,66.235164],[-161.360743,66.375943],[-161.912946,66.344436],[-161.87488,66.511446],[-162.501415,66.742503],[-162.601052,66.898455],[-162.271769,66.904144],[-162.013623,66.779406],[-162.033156,66.631585],[-161.624334,66.450143],[-161.326349,66.478371],[-161.86618,66.704978],[-161.719587,66.916898],[-161.485121,66.945647],[-161.62216,67.008146],[-163.69887,67.114443],[-163.878781,67.416125],[-164.209816,67.639079],[-166.784578,68.340431],[-166.305962,68.46154],[-166.222496,68.860441],[-163.973678,68.985044],[-163.137614,69.352178],[-163.016456,69.538142],[-163.118176,69.589156],[-162.916958,69.692512],[-163.010545,69.728109],[-161.922949,70.291599],[-160.839536,70.344534],[-159.209082,70.870067],[-159.132483,70.828359],[-159.290577,70.811262],[-159.13779,70.758609],[-157.768452,70.875842],[-156.56865,71.352561],[-155.513987,71.096794],[-155.95205,70.964831],[-155.969194,70.827982],[-155.543031,70.847175],[-155.03174,71.146473],[-154.61605,71.026182],[-154.577386,70.835335],[-154.181863,70.768325],[-153.23848,70.922467],[-152.259966,70.84282],[-152.187197,70.801546],[-152.471531,70.68884],[-152.433781,70.616926],[-151.695162,70.549675],[-151.91921,70.472686],[-151.844375,70.434959],[-149.461755,70.518271],[-147.681722,70.199954],[-145.842689,70.164102],[-144.902304,69.96451],[-143.574986,70.154598],[-142.746807,70.042531],[-141.377718,69.634631],[-141.002672,69.645609],[-141.00184,60.306105],[-139.989142,60.18524],[-139.738924,60.31842],[-139.086669,60.357654],[-139.200346,60.090701],[-137.604277,59.243057],[-137.526424,58.906834],[-136.581521,59.164909],[-136.474326,59.464194],[-136.234229,59.524731],[-136.256889,59.623646],[-135.477436,59.799626],[-135.254125,59.701339],[-135.027456,59.563692],[-134.961972,59.280376],[-134.702383,59.247836],[-134.250526,58.858046],[-133.379908,58.427909],[-133.461475,58.385526],[-132.29792,57.269469],[-132.371312,57.095229],[-132.051044,57.051155],[-132.080262,56.850926],[-131.9301,56.835211],[-131.849898,56.661227],[-130.102761,56.116696],[-130.023189,55.930665],[-130.150595,55.767031],[-129.982348,55.302079],[-130.409764,54.881192],[-130.854966,54.766341],[-131.093806,55.191335],[-130.925069,55.300713],[-130.901872,55.69738],[-131.093956,55.895675],[-131.243491,55.973689],[-130.94683,55.650716],[-130.959772,55.315892],[-131.000594,55.398012],[-131.160492,55.197481],[-131.263089,55.208318],[-131.191595,55.360527],[-131.402931,55.238065],[-131.828446,55.445214],[-131.664629,55.581525],[-131.713742,55.853263],[-131.828176,55.877284],[-131.936689,55.535151],[-132.183207,55.588128],[-132.283594,55.761774],[-132.067412,55.875078],[-131.943402,56.192557],[-132.320487,55.887648],[-132.708697,56.112124],[-132.543076,56.332276],[-132.382793,56.299203],[-132.394268,56.485579],[-132.204367,56.372086],[-132.371589,56.672473],[-132.528446,56.702056],[-132.432385,56.782385],[-132.770404,56.837486],[-132.91197,56.966651],[-132.813684,57.030218],[-133.466932,57.159356],[-133.489738,57.305192],[-133.287052,57.30292],[-133.475998,57.380394],[-133.478086,57.56173],[-133.66439,57.611707],[-133.65855,57.707924],[-133.234598,57.608749],[-134.049603,58.062027],[-134.087674,58.181952],[-134.631203,58.247446],[-135.368331,59.263275],[-135.295084,59.08761],[-135.38931,58.990528],[-135.142322,58.61637],[-135.056227,58.189884],[-135.433061,58.399899],[-135.90731,58.380839],[-136.120307,58.968418],[-136.150772,58.757266],[-136.247343,58.752935],[-136.877826,58.962392],[-136.928643,58.900131],[-136.463258,58.781607],[-136.422309,58.647412],[-136.246368,58.663185],[-136.041818,58.380161],[-136.70125,58.219416],[-137.608804,58.601234],[-138.131,59.002613],[-139.855565,59.53666],[-139.51818,59.687814],[-139.625896,59.904084],[-139.486032,60.012407],[-140.272266,59.700609],[-141.423134,59.877329],[-141.299609,59.937397],[-141.384318,60.071598],[-141.73624,59.961905],[-142.698419,60.093333],[-144.035037,60.020202],[-144.59088,59.795581],[-144.052539,60.041759],[-144.892815,60.292821],[-144.964135,60.444466],[-145.113885,60.300978],[-145.9469,60.455395],[-145.712891,60.583249],[-146.689523,60.271279],[-146.637783,60.467178],[-145.795141,60.601121],[-145.841742,60.685893],[-146.253471,60.622315],[-146.101458,60.719277],[-146.191553,60.73199],[-146.668151,60.692761],[-146.183555,60.846969],[-146.262969,60.867787],[-146.801009,60.80516],[-146.653827,61.047752],[-146.262451,61.090246],[-146.613659,61.118799],[-147.378483,60.877845],[-147.525453,60.896057],[-147.514173,61.096127],[-147.66899,60.841563],[-148.134384,60.791268],[-147.715826,61.249669],[-148.426951,60.827113],[-148.384491,60.687754],[-148.148059,60.758536],[-148.091712,60.676249],[-148.30652,60.550702],[-148.115163,60.596029],[-147.942106,60.444029],[-148.025994,60.279029],[-148.171278,60.335266],[-148.362497,60.221849],[-147.913221,60.132576],[-148.016432,59.999344],[-147.848469,60.078962],[-147.917935,59.985997],[-148.225235,59.950195],[-148.148011,59.994952],[-148.274241,60.013318],[-148.293213,60.151289],[-148.401601,59.9976],[-149.133115,60.044918],[-149.287588,59.906506],[-149.341584,60.076762],[-149.584254,59.866905],[-149.526358,59.703258],[-149.666147,59.850527],[-149.746364,59.860881],[-149.74622,59.637585],[-150.028296,59.788652],[-149.928962,59.723245],[-150.392481,59.387265],[-150.316945,59.585285],[-150.478742,59.458498],[-150.547729,59.590331],[-150.942212,59.233136],[-151.915684,59.227522],[-151.991618,59.313617],[-151.826047,59.439049],[-151.272459,59.555823],[-150.927312,59.793431],[-151.503822,59.633662],[-151.829137,59.720151],[-151.71801,60.009473],[-151.30609,60.387257],[-151.40927,60.720558],[-150.353702,61.031822],[-150.217179,60.930001],[-149.111617,60.878949],[-150.039304,61.144291],[-149.429513,61.447165],[-149.542776,61.489995],[-149.919682,61.26347],[-150.646221,61.296689],[-151.783271,60.868713],[-151.702833,60.727778],[-151.860179,60.753282],[-152.309221,60.506384],[-152.234199,60.393888],[-152.715881,60.241274],[-152.596784,60.101071],[-152.745083,59.904232],[-153.225937,59.858343],[-153.021945,59.834133],[-153.214156,59.634271],[-153.366613,59.633729],[-153.439977,59.784652],[-153.577828,59.555991],[-154.087803,59.367967],[-154.260121,59.14302],[-153.254798,58.861756],[-153.445002,58.70931],[-153.851432,58.611872],[-154.291163,58.13568],[-154.990431,58.013424],[-155.37861,57.710766],[-155.617188,57.769715],[-155.731412,57.555546],[-156.044031,57.564455],[-156.036722,57.470941],[-156.481632,57.338705],[-156.551239,57.2908],[-156.336427,57.336081],[-156.355401,57.159679],[-156.5472,56.986488],[-157.201724,56.767511],[-157.45759,56.848204],[-157.536486,56.615317],[-158.042012,56.596744],[-157.859766,56.483668],[-158.402954,56.455193],[-158.498837,56.38011],[-158.112718,56.240286],[-158.475258,56.093405],[-158.417889,56.036796],[-158.575042,56.121129],[-158.737009,55.953313],[-159.472801,55.83905],[-159.696713,55.573306],[-159.627482,55.803248],[-159.81107,55.85657],[-160.410823,55.66538],[-160.481633,55.489068],[-160.909625,55.52414],[-161.231535,55.357452],[-161.445196,55.368103],[-161.376102,55.569794],[-161.587047,55.62006],[-161.878076,55.223599],[-162.041236,55.236806],[-162.053281,55.074212],[-162.489735,55.064849],[-162.4168,55.104096],[-162.584872,55.298386],[-162.692309,55.197313],[-162.569289,54.97124],[-162.881639,54.934785],[-163.165036,55.099214],[-163.226313,55.042694],[-163.067008,54.979302],[-163.373207,54.800841],[-163.057228,54.688101],[-163.344791,54.751211],[-163.572383,54.623211],[-164.179617,54.599188],[-164.41682,54.431713],[-164.844931,54.417583],[-164.949781,54.575697],[-164.48678,54.922441],[-163.568159,55.049145],[-163.318885,54.88012],[-163.268767,55.145465],[-162.86152,55.198339],[-161.816225,55.888993],[-160.898682,55.999014],[-160.814205,55.953834],[-160.940845,55.822529],[-160.806014,55.738241],[-160.668102,55.723556],[-160.769155,55.858268],[-160.293924,55.765556],[-160.273176,55.856881],[-160.534541,55.989498],[-160.357156,56.279582],[-158.957471,56.851184],[-158.660298,56.789015],[-158.659945,57.034585],[-158.376249,57.265542],[-157.786046,57.542189],[-157.573472,57.522732],[-157.703782,57.721768],[-157.596601,58.08867],[-157.39735,58.173383],[-157.524477,58.414506],[-156.980888,58.891031],[-158.190283,58.61371],[-158.512547,58.78311],[-158.487015,58.999872],[-158.179588,59.012245],[-158.522231,59.021763],[-158.789632,58.814257],[-158.827852,58.626432],[-158.704052,58.482759],[-158.880927,58.39067],[-159.657362,58.938712],[-159.908386,58.779903],[-160.322922,58.953953],[-160.31778,59.070477],[-161.751999,58.551842],[-162.171722,58.648441],[-161.769501,58.774937],[-161.828171,59.062702],[-162.048584,59.254177],[-161.738312,59.46701],[-162.453176,60.27854],[-162.1724,60.624038],[-162.571198,60.25189],[-162.453176,60.197639],[-162.503647,59.99923],[-163.349027,59.81989],[-164.079837,59.828034],[-164.1916,60.024496],[-165.129403,60.433707],[-164.961439,60.508391],[-165.362975,60.506866],[-164.97125,60.711434],[-164.945958,60.92106],[-165.132488,60.850145],[-165.194945,60.9739],[-164.87045,61.079564],[-165.2897,61.181714],[-165.403007,61.06706],[-165.578127,61.100361],[-165.662892,61.29457],[-165.921194,61.40308],[-165.767226,61.45695],[-165.807627,61.529171],[-166.165232,61.550618],[-166.158976,61.700437],[-165.82214,61.67061],[-166.092081,61.800733],[-165.640216,61.848041],[-165.706155,62.108365],[-164.837703,62.685267],[-164.783858,62.946154],[-164.493118,63.17767],[-164.066991,63.262276],[-163.316203,63.037763],[-162.587754,63.275727]]],[[[-169.267598,63.343995],[-168.692939,63.302282],[-168.818344,63.163224],[-169.396308,63.136617],[-169.638309,62.937527],[-170.512102,63.341881],[-171.067663,63.424579],[-171.433319,63.307578],[-171.849984,63.485039],[-171.699647,63.781728],[-170.950817,63.570127],[-170.281988,63.68502],[-169.974858,63.470618],[-169.267598,63.343995]]],[[[-162.614621,63.621832],[-162.341892,63.594062],[-162.676581,63.555648],[-162.614621,63.621832]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alaska\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"52","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a571de4b07657d1a064d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170889,"text":"ofr20161068 - 2016 - QRev—Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements—Technical manual for version 2.8","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T12:28:00","indexId":"ofr20161068","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1068","title":"QRev—Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements—Technical manual for version 2.8","docAbstract":"The software program, QRev applies common and consistent computational algorithms combined with automated filtering and quality assessment of the data to improve the quality and efficiency of streamflow measurements and helps ensure that U.S. Geological Survey streamflow measurements are consistent, accurate, and independent of the manufacturer of the instrument used to make the measurement. Software from different manufacturers uses different algorithms for various aspects of the data processing and discharge computation. The algorithms used by QRev to filter data, interpolate data, and compute discharge are documented and compared to the algorithms used in the manufacturers’ software. QRev applies consistent algorithms and creates a data structure that is independent of the data source. QRev saves an extensible markup language (XML) file that can be imported into databases or electronic field notes software. This report is the technical manual for version 2.8 of QRev.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161068","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.S., 2016, QRev—Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic Doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements—Technical manual for version 2.8: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2016–1068, 79 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161068.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073115","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324040,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161052","text":"Open-File Report 2016–1052 - ","linkHelpText":"QRev—Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic Doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements—User’s manual for version 2.8"},{"id":324033,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1068/ofr20161068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1068"},{"id":324032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1068/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Chief, USGS Office of Surface Water
415 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
(703) 648-5301
Or visit the Office of Surface Water Web site at: http://water.usgs.gov/osw/
","tableOfContents":"Blue-winged teal (Anas discors) are abundant, small-bodied dabbling ducks that breed throughout the prairies of the northcentral USA and central Canada and that winter in the southern USA and northern Neotropics. Given the migratory tendencies of this species, it is plausible that blue-winged teal may disperse avian pathogens, such as parasites causing avian malaria, between spatially distant areas. To test the hypothesis that blue-winged teal play a role in the exchange of blood parasites between North America and areas further south, we collected information on migratory tendencies of this species and sampled birds at spatially distant areas during breeding and non-breeding periods to diagnose and genetically characterize parasitic infections. Using a combination of band recovery data, satellite telemetry, molecular diagnostics, and genetic analyses, we found evidence for (1) migratory connectivity of blue-winged teal between our sampling locations in the Canadian prairies and along the US Gulf Coast with areas throughout the northern Neotropics, (2) parasite acquisition at both breeding and non-breeding areas, (3) infection of blue-winged teal sampled in Canada and the USA withPlasmodium parasite lineages associated with the Neotropics, and (4) infection of blue-winged teal with parasites that were genetically related to those previously reported in waterfowl in both North America and South America. Collectively, our results suggest that blue-winged teal likely play a role in the dispersal of blood parasites between the Neotropics and North America, and therefore, the targeting of this species in surveillance programs for the early detection of Neotropical-origin avian pathogens in the USA may be informative.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/s00436-016-5159-2","usgsCitation":"Ramey, A.M., Reed, J.A., Walther, P., Link, P., Schmutz, J.A., Douglas, D., Stallknecht, D.E., and Soos, C., 2016, Evidence for the exchange of blood parasites between North America and the Neotropics in blue-winged teal (Anas discors): Parasitology Research, v. 115, no. 10, p. 3923-3939, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5159-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3923","endPage":"3939","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074054","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438611,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VMW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Blood Parasite Infection Data from Blue-winged Teal, Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) and USA (Texas, Louisiana), 2012-2013"},{"id":324149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335642,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F79C6VMW","text":"Blood parasite infection data from Blue-winged teal, Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) and USA (Texas, Louisiana), 2012-2013"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.59765625,\n -5.9657536710655235\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n 54.470037612805754\n ],\n [\n -51.328125,\n 54.470037612805754\n ],\n [\n -51.328125,\n -5.9657536710655235\n ],\n [\n -117.59765625,\n -5.9657536710655235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a571de4b07657d1a064d9","chorus":{"doi":"10.1007/s00436-016-5159-2","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5159-2","publisher":"Springer Nature","authors":"Ramey Andrew M., Reed John A., Walther Patrick, Link Paul, Schmutz Joel A., Douglas David C., Stallknecht David E., Soos Catherine","journalName":"Parasitology Research","publicationDate":"6/10/2016","auditedOn":"2/15/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"6/10/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, John A. 0000-0002-3239-6906 jareed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-6906","contributorId":127683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John","email":"jareed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walther, Patrick","contributorId":42153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walther","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Link, Paul","contributorId":22707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stallknecht, David E.","contributorId":14323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7125,"text":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Soos, Catherine","contributorId":99042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soos","given":"Catherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70173980,"text":"70173980 - 2016 - Biological soil crusts as soil stabilizers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-25T18:28:24.828122","indexId":"70173980","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"16","title":"Biological soil crusts as soil stabilizers","docAbstract":"Soil erosion is of particular concern in dryland regions, as the sparse cover of vascular plants results in large interspaces unprotected from the erosive forces of wind and water. Thus, most of these soil surfaces are stabilized by physical or biological soil crusts. However, as drylands are extensively used by humans and their animals, these crusts are often disturbed, compromising their stabilizing abilities. As a result, approximately 17.5% of the global terrestrial lands are currently being degraded by wind and water erosion. All components of biocrusts stabilize soils, including green algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, lichens, and bryophytes, and as the biomass of these organisms increases, so does soil stability. In addition, as lichens and bryophytes live atop the soil surface, they provide added protection from raindrop impact that cyanobacteria and fungi, living within the soil, cannot. Much research is still needed to determine the relative ability of individual species and suites of species to stabilize soils. We also need a better understanding of why some individuals or combination of species are better than others, especially as these organisms become more frequently used in restoration efforts.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological soil crusts: An organizing principle in drylands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Verlag-Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_16","isbn":"978-3-319-30212-6","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., and Buedel, B., 2016, Biological soil crusts as soil stabilizers, chap. 16 of Biological soil crusts: An organizing principle in drylands, p. 305-320, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_16.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"320","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070332","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a571be4b07657d1a064c9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weber, Bettina","contributorId":21447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Bettina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639999,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buedel, Burkhard","contributorId":172210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buedel","given":"Burkhard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserlautern, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640000,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640001,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buedel, Burkhard","contributorId":172210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buedel","given":"Burkhard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserlautern, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173979,"text":"70173979 - 2016 - Biological soil crusts as an organizing principle in drylands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-25T18:35:34.564086","indexId":"70173979","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Biological soil crusts as an organizing principle in drylands","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have been present on Earth’s terrestrial surfaces for billions of years. They are a critical part of ecosystem processes in dryland regions, as they cover most of the soil surface and thus mediate almost all inputs and outputs from soils in these areas. There are many intriguing, but understudied, roles these communities may play in drylands. These include their function in nutrient capture and transformation, influence on the movement and distribution of nutrients and water within dryland soils, ability to structure vascular plant communities, role in creating biodiversity hotspots, and the possibility that they can be used as indicators of soil health. There are still many fascinating aspects of these communities that need study, and we hope that this chapter will facilitate such efforts.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological soil crusts: An organizing principle in drylands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_1","isbn":"978-3-319-30212-6","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., Weber, B., and Budel, B., 2016, Biological soil crusts as an organizing principle in drylands, chap. 1 of Biological soil crusts: An organizing principle in drylands, p. 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070523","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a571ae4b07657d1a064c3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weber, Bettina","contributorId":21447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Bettina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640002,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buedel, Burkhard","contributorId":172210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buedel","given":"Burkhard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserlautern, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640003,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640004,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Bettina","contributorId":21447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Bettina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budel, Burkhard","contributorId":172209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Budel","given":"Burkhard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":26999,"text":"Plant Ecology and Systematics, Institute of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserlautern, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173955,"text":"70173955 - 2016 - Hydrologic impacts of thawing permafrost—A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T09:00:22","indexId":"70173955","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic impacts of thawing permafrost—A review","docAbstract":"Where present, permafrost exerts a primary control on water fluxes, flowpaths, and distribution. Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change are expected to modify the distribution of permafrost, leading to changing hydrologic conditions, including alterations in soil moisture, connectivity of inland waters, streamflow seasonality, and the partitioning of water stored above and below ground. The field of permafrost hydrology is undergoing rapid advancement with respect to multiscale observations, subsurface characterization, modeling, and integration with other disciplines. However, gaining predictive capability of the many interrelated consequences of climate change is a persistent challenge due to several factors. Observations of hydrologic change have been causally linked to permafrost thaw, but applications of process-based models needed to support and enhance the transferability of empirical linkages have often been restricted to generalized representations. Limitations stem from inadequate baseline permafrost and unfrozen hydrogeologic characterization, lack of historical data, and simplifications in structure and process representation needed to counter the high computational demands of cryohydrogeologic simulations. Further, due in part to the large degree of subsurface heterogeneity of permafrost landscapes and the nonuniformity in thaw patterns and rates, associations between various modes of permafrost thaw and hydrologic change are not readily scalable; even trajectories of change can differ. This review highlights promising advances in characterization and modeling of permafrost regions and presents ongoing research challenges toward projecting hydrologic and ecologic consequences of permafrost thaw at time and spatial scales that are useful to managers and researchers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies","doi":"10.2136/vzj2016.01.0010","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., and Kurylyk, B.L., 2016, Hydrologic impacts of thawing permafrost—A review: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 15, no. 6, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2016.01.0010.","productDescription":"20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072731","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2016.01.0010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a571de4b07657d1a064db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurylyk, Barret L.","contributorId":78262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurylyk","given":"Barret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173960,"text":"70173960 - 2016 - Mercury in western North America: A synthesis of environmental contamination, fluxes, bioaccumulation, and risk to fish and wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-29T15:45:56.440801","indexId":"70173960","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in western North America: A synthesis of environmental contamination, fluxes, bioaccumulation, and risk to fish and wildlife","docAbstract":"Western North America is a region defined by extreme gradients in geomorphology and climate, which support a diverse array of ecological communities and natural resources. The region also has extreme gradients in mercury (Hg) contamination due to a broad distribution of inorganic Hg sources. These diverse Hg sources and a varied landscape create a unique and complex mosaic of ecological risk from Hg impairment associated with differential methylmercury (MeHg) production and bioaccumulation. Understanding the landscape-scale variation in the magnitude and relative importance of processes associated with Hg transport, methylation, and MeHg bioaccumulation requires a multidisciplinary synthesis that transcends small-scale variability. The Western North America Mercury Synthesis compiled, analyzed, and interpreted spatial and temporal patterns and drivers of Hg and MeHg in air, soil, vegetation, sediments, fish, and wildlife across western North America. This collaboration evaluated the potential risk from Hg to fish, and wildlife health, human exposure, and examined resource management activities that influenced the risk of Hg contamination. This paper integrates the key information presented across the individual papers that comprise the synthesis. The compiled information indicates that Hg contamination is widespread, but heterogeneous, across western North America. The storage and transport of inorganic Hg across landscape gradients are largely regulated by climate and land-cover factors such as plant productivity and precipitation. Importantly, there was a striking lack of concordance between pools and sources of inorganic Hg, and MeHg in aquatic food webs. Additionally, water management had a widespread influence on MeHg bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems, whereas mining impacts where relatively localized. These results highlight the decoupling of inorganic Hg sources with MeHg production and bioaccumulation. Together the findings indicate that developing efforts to control MeHg production in the West may be particularly beneficial for reducing food web exposure instead of efforts to simply control inorganic Hg sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.094","usgsCitation":"Eagles-Smith, C.A., Wiener, J.G., Eckley, C.S., Willacker, J.J., Evers, D.C., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Obrist, D., Fleck, J., Aiken, G.R., Lepak, J.M., Jackson, A., Webster, J., Stewart, A.R., Davis, J., Alpers, C.N., and Ackerman, J., 2016, Mercury in western North America: A synthesis of environmental contamination, fluxes, bioaccumulation, and risk to fish and wildlife: Science of the Total Environment, v. 568, p. 1213-1226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.094.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1213","endPage":"1226","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072063","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354429,"rank":2,"type":{"id":42,"text":"Open Access USGS Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70173960/70173960.pdf","text":"USGS open-access version of article","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-access article"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -96.240234375,\n 59.31076795603884\n ],\n [\n -109.248046875,\n 67.8424164732793\n ],\n [\n -157.85156249999997,\n 71.21607526596131\n ],\n [\n -166.81640625,\n 68.72044056989829\n ],\n [\n -165.9375,\n 61.22795717667785\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 58.58543569119917\n ],\n [\n -157.58789062499997,\n 57.938183012205315\n ],\n [\n -150.380859375,\n 58.950008233357046\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 56.022948079627454\n ],\n [\n -128.84765625,\n 50.401515322782366\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -123.662109375,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -120.41015624999999,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 19.973348786110602\n ],\n [\n -96.240234375,\n 15.114552871944102\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 13.667338259654947\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 15.876809064146757\n ],\n [\n -86.396484375,\n 22.105998799750576\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 21.37124437061832\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 18.729501999072138\n ],\n [\n -94.921875,\n 18.562947442888312\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 20.96143961409685\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 22.26876403907398\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 25.64152637306577\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"568","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-10-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a571de4b07657d1a064dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiener, James G.","contributorId":93853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiener","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17913,"text":"River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eckley, Chris S.","contributorId":167256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eckley","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willacker, James J. jwillacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":5614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willacker","given":"James","email":"jwillacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evers, David C.","contributorId":96160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evers","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Obrist, Daniel","contributorId":172155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obrist","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16138,"text":"Desert Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":168694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lepak, Jesse M.","contributorId":172156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepak","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jackson, Allyson K.","contributorId":156248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Allyson K.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Webster, Jackson","contributorId":172157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"Jackson","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stewart, A. Robin 0000-0003-2918-546X arstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2918-546X","contributorId":1482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A.","email":"arstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robin","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40553,"text":"WMA - Office of the Chief Operating Officer","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Davis, Jay","contributorId":150405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":639781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70170058,"text":"sim3355 - 2016 - Changes between early development (1930–60) and recent (2005–15) groundwater-level altitudes and dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations In and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-27T10:13:08","indexId":"sim3355","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3355","title":"Changes between early development (1930–60) and recent (2005–15) groundwater-level altitudes and dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations In and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas","docAbstract":"Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District manage groundwater resources in a part of west Texas near the Texas-New Mexico State line. Declining groundwater levels have raised concerns about the amount of available groundwater in the study area and the potential for water-quality changes resulting from dewatering and increased vertical groundwater movement between adjacent water-bearing units.
\nIn 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District, began a multiphase project to develop a regional conceptual model of the hydrogeologic framework and geochemistry of the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, and Dockum aquifers. The Ogallala aquifer is the shallowest aquifer in the study area and is the primary source of water for agriculture and municipal supply in the area. This report describes the results of the first phase of the study, during which groundwater-level-altitude and selected water-quality data from wells in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties were compiled and evaluated for the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, and Dockum aquifers.
\nReadily available digital groundwater data for the study area (geologic, well-construction, groundwater-level-altitude, and selected water-quality data) were compiled to assess temporal and spatial changes in groundwater resources from early development (1930–60) to recent (2005–15) periods. Pertinent data were compiled from available sources for the study area and for a 5-mile buffer area around the study area to prevent gridding errors near the boundary. Geologic and well-construction data were used to determine or verify the aquifer in which each well was completed. Depending on the available data, the aquifer assignment (aquifer in which a given well was completed) was determined on the basis of the following criteria, in order of priority: (1) the screened or open interval(s) of the well, (2) the total depth of the well, or (3) the completed aquifer reported for a given well by the data source.
\nPotentiometric-surface maps were created to depict changes in groundwater-level altitudes for the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity aquifers. In addition to comparing groundwater-level altitudes and water quality from the early development and recent periods, hydrographs of groundwater-level altitudes were created, and changes in water quality for various periods between 1930 and 2015 were evaluated. Variance maps for each groundwater-level-altitude grid were used to evaluate the spatial data coverage and to identify areas with higher uncertainty because of spatially limited data availability for some of the aquifers.
\nFor this report, existing dissolved-solids and nitrate concentration data were compiled and assessed for evidence of spatial patterns and changes over time. These data were compiled for samples collected from wells completed in the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, or Dockum aquifer during the early development period (1930–60) or the recent period (2005–15); temporal and spatial variations were assessed from depictions of the measured concentration values. Dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations measured in samples from three wells completed in the Ogallala aquifer (well identifiers 11524, 11824, and 11825) for which long-term monitoring was done for various periods between 1950 and 2015 were also compiled and analyzed.
\nGroundwater-level altitudes of the Ogallala aquifer are generally higher in the northwestern part of the study area and lower in the southeastern part of the study area, varying by as much as 800 feet. Groundwater flow paths for the early development period generally trend from northwest to southeast across the study area. Compared to those for the early development period, local features in the potentiometric surface for the recent period are more pronounced, likely as a result of additional data coverage, increased groundwater withdrawals, and local flow paths that are more variable.
\nFor the Edwards-Trinity aquifer potentiometric-surface map of the recent period, a general northwest to southeast flow gradient was also evident, with some subtle differences compared to the early development period. The Edwards-Trinity aquifer water-level-altitude change map between the early development and recent periods indicated similar spatial trends as in the Ogallala aquifer and indicated that groundwater-level altitudes declined over a large amount of the area for which sufficient data were available for reliably mapping changes.
\nDuring the recent period, median dissolved-solids concentrations of less than 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) were predominantly measured in the western part of the study area, and median concentrations of more than 1,000 mg/L were predominantly measured in the eastern part of the study area. A general pattern of increasing nitrate concentrations from west to the northeast was evident in the study area. Nitrate concentrations measured in samples collected from 16 wells completed in the Ogallala aquifer for the recent period were equal to or greater than 10 mg/L, the primary drinking water standard for finished drinking water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3355","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.V., Teeple, A.P., Payne, J.D., and Ikard, Scott, 2016, Changes between early development (1930–60) and recent (2005–15) groundwater-level altitudes and dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3355, 2 sheets, pamphlet, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3355.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 32.00 x 35.00 and 32.00 x 35.00; 11 Tables; Pamphlet: vi, 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065525","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321242,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"2.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Sheet 1"},{"id":321243,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Sheet 2"},{"id":321244,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_tables01to11.xlsx","text":"Tables 1 to 11","size":"1.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIM 3355 Tables 1 to 11"},{"id":321241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"943 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Pamphlet"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Gaines County, Terry County, Yoakum County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.2039,32.961],[-102.2038,32.5237],[-102.2109,32.524],[-103.0637,32.5215],[-103.0632,32.9589],[-103.0632,33.0017],[-103.0593,33.209],[-103.0559,33.3903],[-102.5954,33.3903],[-102.0774,33.3894],[-102.0782,32.9611],[-102.2039,32.961]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Gaines\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4733
The Williston Basin in the Northern Great Plains has experienced rapid energy development since 2000. To evaluate the land cover changes resulting from recent (2000 – 2015) development, the area and previous land cover of all well pads (pads) constructed during this time was determined, the amount of disturbed and reclaimed land adjacent to pads was estimated, land cover changes were analyzed over time for three different well types, and the effects from future development were predicted. The previous land cover of the 12,990 ha converted to pads was predominately agricultural (49.5%) or prairie (47.4%) with lesser amounts of developed (2.3%), aquatic (0.5%), and forest (0.4%). Additionally, 12,121 ha have likely been disturbed and reclaimed. The area required per gas well remained constant through time while the land required per oil well increased initially and then decreased as development first shifted from conventional to unconventional drilling and then to multi-bore pads. For non-oil-and- gas wells (i.e. stratigraphic test wells, water wells, injection wells, etc.), the area per well increased through time likely due to increased produced water disposal requirements. Future land cover change is expected to be 2.7 times greater than recent development with much of the development occurring in five counties in the core Bakken development area. Direct land cover change and disturbance from recent and expected development are predicted to affect 0.4% of the landscape across the basin; however, in the core Bakken development area, 2.3% of the landscape will be affected including 2.1% of the remaining grassland. Although future development will result in significant land cover change, evolving industry practices and proactive siting decisions, such as development along energy corridors and placing pads in areas previously altered by human activity, have the potential to reduce the ecological effects of future energy development in the Williston Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.038","usgsCitation":"Preston, T.M., and Kim, K., 2016, Land cover changes associated with recent energy development in the Williston Basin; Northern Great Plains, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 566-567, p. 1511-1518, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.038.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1518","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072105","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Williston Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.962890625,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -106.962890625,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -99.1845703125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -99.1845703125,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -106.962890625,\n 44.74673324024678\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"566-567","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5769059ce4b07657d19f669c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, Todd M. 0000-0002-8812-9233 tmpreston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-9233","contributorId":1664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Todd","email":"tmpreston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Kevin kkim@usgs.gov","contributorId":172195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Kevin","email":"kkim@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170900,"text":"ds997 - 2016 - Groundwater quality data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, May 2012 through December 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:35:42","indexId":"ds997","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-20T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"997","title":"Groundwater quality data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, May 2012 through December 2013","docAbstract":"Groundwater-quality data were collected from 748 wells as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Program from May 2012 through December 2013. The data were collected from four types of well networks: principal aquifer study networks, which assess the quality of groundwater used for public water supply; land-use study networks, which assess land-use effects on shallow groundwater quality; major aquifer study networks, which assess the quality of groundwater used for domestic supply; and enhanced trends networks, which evaluate the time scales during which groundwater quality changes. Groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of water-quality indicators and constituents, including major ions, nutrients, trace elements, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, and radionuclides. These groundwater quality data are tabulated in this report. Quality-control samples also were collected; data from blank and replicate quality-control samples are included in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds997","usgsCitation":"Arnold, T.L., DeSimone, L.A., Bexfield, L.M., Lindsey, B.D., Barlow, J.R., Kulongoski, J.T., Musgrove, MaryLynn, Kingsbury, J.A., and Belitz, Kenneth, 2016, Groundwater quality data from the National Water-Quality Assessment Project, May 2012 through December 2013 (ver. 1.1, November 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 997, 56 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds997.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 56 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-05-01","ipdsId":"IP-066328","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438612,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HQ3X18","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater Quality Data from the National Water Quality Assessment Project, May 2012 through December 2013"},{"id":331131,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7HQ3X18","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater Quality Data from the National Water Quality Assessment Project, May 2012 through December 2013"},{"id":331132,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0997/versionHist.txt","size":"1.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Version History"},{"id":323824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0997/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":323746,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0997/ds997.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 997"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.7713,18.42668],[-65.591,18.22803],[-65.84716,17.97591],[-66.59993,17.98182],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.24243,18.37446],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.68817,18.91619],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.90806,19.33888],[-156.07347,19.70294],[-156.02368,19.81422],[-155.85008,19.97729],[-155.91907,20.17395],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-155.78505,20.2487],[-155.40214,20.07975],[-155.22452,19.99302],[-155.06226,19.8591],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-154.83147,19.45328],[-155.22217,19.23972],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-156.07926,20.64397],[-156.41445,20.57241],[-156.58673,20.783],[-156.70167,20.8643],[-156.71055,20.92676],[-156.61258,21.01249],[-156.25711,20.91745],[-155.99566,20.76404],[-156.07926,20.64397]]],[[[-156.75824,21.17684],[-156.78933,21.06873],[-157.32521,21.09777],[-157.25027,21.21958],[-156.75824,21.17684]]],[[[-157.65283,21.32217],[-157.70703,21.26442],[-157.7786,21.27729],[-158.12667,21.31244],[-158.2538,21.53919],[-158.29265,21.57912],[-158.0252,21.71696],[-157.94161,21.65272],[-157.65283,21.32217]]],[[[-159.34512,21.982],[-159.46372,21.88299],[-159.80051,22.06533],[-159.74877,22.1382],[-159.5962,22.23618],[-159.36569,22.21494],[-159.34512,21.982]]],[[[-94.81758,49.38905],[-94.64,48.84],[-94.32914,48.67074],[-93.63087,48.60926],[-92.61,48.45],[-91.64,48.14],[-90.83,48.27],[-89.6,48.01],[-89.27292,48.01981],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-87.43979,47.94],[-86.46199,47.55334],[-85.65236,47.22022],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.3367,46.40877],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.09185,46.27542],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-83.61613,46.11693],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-82.33776,44.44],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.43,42.98],[-82.9,42.43],[-83.12,42.08],[-83.142,41.97568],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-82.43928,41.67511],[-81.27775,42.20903],[-80.24745,42.3662],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-78.92,42.965],[-79.01,43.27],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-77.73789,43.62906],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.375,44.09631],[-75.31821,44.81645],[-74.867,45.00048],[-73.34783,45.00738],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.08482,45.30524],[-70.66,45.46],[-70.305,45.915],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-68.905,47.185],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-68.03252,44.3252],[-69.06,43.98],[-70.11617,43.68405],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.81489,42.8653],[-70.825,42.335],[-70.495,41.805],[-70.08,41.78],[-70.185,42.145],[-69.88497,41.92283],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-70.64,41.475],[-71.12039,41.49445],[-71.86,41.32],[-72.295,41.27],[-72.87643,41.22065],[-73.71,40.9311],[-72.24126,41.11948],[-71.945,40.93],[-73.345,40.63],[-73.982,40.628],[-73.95232,40.75075],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-73.96244,40.42763],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-74.98041,39.1964],[-75.20002,39.24845],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.32,38.96],[-75.07183,38.78203],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.37747,38.01551],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-76.03127,37.2566],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.23287,38.31921],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.54272,38.71762],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-76.25874,36.9664],[-75.9718,36.89726],[-75.86804,36.55125],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-76.36318,34.80854],[-77.39763,34.51201],[-78.05496,33.92547],[-78.55435,33.86133],[-79.06067,33.49395],[-79.20357,33.15839],[-80.30132,32.50935],[-80.86498,32.0333],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.49042,30.72999],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.98,29.18],[-80.53558,28.47213],[-80.53,28.04],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.08801,26.20576],[-80.13156,25.81677],[-80.38103,25.20616],[-80.68,25.08],[-81.17213,25.20126],[-81.33,25.64],[-81.71,25.87],[-82.24,26.73],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.85526,27.88624],[-82.65,28.55],[-82.93,29.1],[-83.70959,29.93656],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-85.28784,29.68612],[-85.7731,30.15261],[-86.4,30.4],[-87.53036,30.27433],[-88.41782,30.3849],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.41373,29.89419],[-89.43,29.48864],[-89.21767,29.29108],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-89.77928,29.30714],[-90.15463,29.11743],[-90.88022,29.14854],[-91.62678,29.677],[-92.49906,29.5523],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-93.84842,29.71363],[-94.69,29.48],[-95.60026,28.73863],[-96.59404,28.30748],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.37,27.38],[-97.38,26.69],[-97.33,26.21],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-98.24,26.06],[-99.02,26.37],[-99.3,26.84],[-99.52,27.54],[-100.11,28.11],[-100.45584,28.69612],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-101.6624,29.7793],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-104.45697,29.57196],[-104.70575,30.12173],[-105.03737,30.64402],[-105.63159,31.08383],[-106.1429,31.39995],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-108.24,31.75485],[-108.24194,31.34222],[-109.035,31.34194],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-113.30498,32.03914],[-114.815,32.52528],[-114.72139,32.72083],[-115.99135,32.61239],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-117.29594,33.04622],[-117.944,33.62124],[-118.4106,33.74091],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-119.081,34.078],[-119.43884,34.34848],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-120.62286,34.60855],[-120.74433,35.15686],[-121.71457,36.16153],[-122.54747,37.55176],[-122.51201,37.78339],[-122.95319,38.11371],[-123.7272,38.95166],[-123.86517,39.76699],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.17886,41.14202],[-124.2137,41.99964],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-124.14214,43.70838],[-124.02053,44.6159],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.07963,46.86475],[-124.39567,47.72017],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-124.5661,48.37971],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.34,47.36],[-122.5,48.18],[-122.84,49],[-120,49],[-117.03121,49],[-116.04818,49],[-113,49],[-110.05,49],[-107.05,49],[-104.04826,48.99986],[-100.65,49],[-97.22872,49.0007],[-95.15907,49],[-95.15609,49.38425],[-94.81758,49.38905]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.5164,56.99275],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.76278,57.81657],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.56479,57.90143],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-166.19277,59.75444],[-166.84834,59.94141],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-166.46779,60.38417],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-171.11443,63.59219],[-170.49111,63.69498],[-169.68251,63.43112],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-168.77194,63.1886],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-170.29056,63.19444],[-170.67139,63.37582],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.79111,63.40585],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[-155.06779,71.14778],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-153.90001,70.88999],[-152.21001,70.82999],[-152.27,70.60001],[-150.73999,70.43002],[-149.72,70.53001],[-147.61336,70.21403],[-145.68999,70.12001],[-144.92001,69.98999],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-142.07251,69.85194],[-140.98599,69.712],[-140.9925,66.00003],[-140.99777,60.3064],[-140.013,60.27684],[-139.039,60.00001],[-138.34089,59.56211],[-137.4525,58.905],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-134.945,59.27056],[-134.27111,58.86111],[-133.35555,58.41029],[-132.73042,57.69289],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-129.97999,55.285],[-130.53611,54.80275],[-131.08582,55.17891],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-132.25001,56.37],[-133.53918,57.17889],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-135.03821,58.18771],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-137.80001,58.5],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-140.82527,59.72752],[-142.57444,60.08445],[-143.95888,59.99918],[-145.92556,60.45861],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-148.57082,59.91417],[-149.72786,59.70566],[-150.60824,59.36821],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.85943,59.74498],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-151.89584,60.7272],[-152.57833,60.06166],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-155.30749,57.72779],[-156.30833,57.42277],[-156.5561,56.97998],[-158.11722,56.46361],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-159.60333,55.56669],[-160.28972,55.64358],[-161.22305,55.36473],[-162.23777,55.02419],[-163.06945,54.68974],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-164.94223,54.57222],[-163.84834,55.03943],[-162.87,55.34804],[-161.80417,55.89499],[-160.5636,56.00805],[-160.07056,56.41806],[-158.68444,57.01668],[-158.4611,57.21692],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.55027,58.32833],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-158.19473,58.6158],[-158.51722,58.78778],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-159.71167,58.93139],[-159.98129,58.57255],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.355,58.67084],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-162.05499,59.26693],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-162.51806,59.98972],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-164.66222,60.26748],[-165.34639,60.5075],[-165.35083,61.0739],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-165.73445,62.075],[-164.91918,62.63308],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-163.75333,63.21945],[-163.06722,63.05946],[-162.26056,63.54194],[-161.53445,63.45582],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-160.95834,64.2228],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-161.39193,64.77724],[-162.45305,64.55944],[-162.75779,64.33861],[-163.54639,64.55916],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-166.42529,64.68667],[-166.845,65.0889],[-168.11056,65.67],[-166.70527,66.08832],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-162.48971,66.73557],[-163.71972,67.11639],[-164.43099,67.61634],[-165.39029,68.04277],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-164.43081,68.91554],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-162.93057,69.85806],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-160.9348,70.44769],[-159.03918,70.89164],[-158.11972,70.82472],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-155.06779,71.14778]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United States\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted June 20, 2016; Version 1.1: November 18, 2016","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
http://il.water.usgs.gov/
The Neosho River and its primary tributary, the Cottonwood River, are the main sources of inflow to John Redmond Reservoir in east-central Kansas. Storage loss in the reservoir resulting from sedimentation has been estimated to be 765 acre-feet per year for 1964–2014. The 1964–2014 sedimentation rate was almost 90 percent larger than the projected design sedimentation rate of 404 acre-feet per year, and resulted in a loss of about 40 percent of the original (1964) conservation (multi-purpose) pool storage capacity. To help maintain storage in the reservoir, the Kansas Water Office has implemented more than two dozen stream bank erosion control projects to reduce the annual sediment load entering the reservoir and initiated a dredging project to restore nearly 2,000 acre-feet of storage near the dam to provide additional water supply to downstream water users. Storm events during May through July 2015 caused large inflows of water and sediment into the reservoir. Initially, flood waters were held back in the reservoir in order to decrease downstream flooding in Oklahoma. Later, retained reservoir flood waters were released at high rates (up to 25,400 acre-feet per day, the maximum allowed for the reservoir) for extended periods.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, computed the suspended-sediment inflows and retention in John Redmond Reservoir during May through July 2015. Computations relied upon previously published turbidity-suspended sediment relations at water-quality monitoring sites located upstream and downstream from the reservoir. During the 3-month period, approximately 872,000 tons of sediment entered the reservoir, and 57,000 tons were released through the reservoir outlet. The average monthly trapping efficiency during this period was 93 percent, and monthly averages ranged from 83 to 97 percent. During the study period, an estimated 980 acre-feet of storage was lost, over 2.4 times the design annual sedimentation rate of the reservoir. Storm inflows during the 3-month analysis period reduced reservoir storage in the conservation pool approximately 1.6 percent. This indicates that large inflows, coupled with minimal releases, can have substantial effects on reservoir storage and lifespan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office","usgsCitation":"Foster, G.M., 2016, Effects of May through July 2015 storm events on suspended sediment loads, sediment trapping efficiency, and storage capacity of John Redmond Reservoir, east-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5040, 10 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165040.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069900","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320856,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5040/sir20165040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5040"},{"id":320857,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5040/sir20165040_appendix 1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"20.3 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5040 Appendix 1"},{"id":320855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5040/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River watershed, John Redmond Reservoir, Upper Neosho watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
The Neosho River and its primary tributary, the Cottonwood River, are the main sources of inflow to John Redmond Reservoir in east-central Kansas. Storm events during May through July 2015 caused large inflows of water and sediment into the reservoir. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, and funded in part through the Kansas State Water Plan Fund, computed the suspended-sediment inflows to, and trapping efficiency of, John Redmond Reservoir during May through July 2015. This fact sheet summarizes the quantification of suspended-sediment loads to and from the reservoir during May through July 2015 storm events and describes reservoir sediment trapping efficiency and effects on water-storage capacity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office, and funded in part through the State Water Plan Fund","usgsCitation":"Foster, G.M., and King, L.R., 2016, May through July 2015 storm event effects on suspended-sediment loads, sediment trapping efficiency, and storage capacity of John Redmond Reservoir: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3035, 4 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163035.","productDescription":"4 p","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074296","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323828,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3035/fs20163035.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016–3035"},{"id":323827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3035/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River watershed, John Redmond Reservoir, Upper Neosho watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, Kansas 66049
The Gold King mine water release that occurred on 5 August 2015 near the historical mining community of Silverton, Colorado, highlights the environmental legacy that abandoned mines have on the environment. During reclamation efforts, a breach of collapsed workings at the Gold King mine sent 3 million gallons of acidic and metal-rich mine water into the upper Animas River, a tributary to the Colorado River basin. The Gold King mine is located in the scenic, western San Juan Mountains, a region renowned for its volcano-tectonic and gold-silver-base metal mineralization history. Prior to mining, acidic drainage from hydrothermally altered areas was a major source of metals and acidity to streams, and it continues to be so. In addition to abandoned hard rock metal mines, uranium mine waste poses a long-term storage and immobilization challenge in this area. Uranium resources are mined in the Colorado Plateau, which borders the San Juan Mountains on the west. Uranium processing and repository sites along the Animas River near Durango, Colorado, are a prime example of how the legacy of mining must be managed for the health and well-being of future generations. The San Juan Mountains are part of a geoenvironmental nexus where geology, mining, agriculture, recreation, and community issues converge. This trip will explore the geology, mining, and mine cleanup history in which a community-driven, watershed-based stakeholder process is an integral part. Research tools and historical data useful for understanding complex watersheds impacted by natural sources of metals and acidity overprinted by mining will also be discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2016.0044(16)","usgsCitation":"Yager, D.B., Fey, D.L., Chapin, T., and Johnson, R.H., 2016, New perspectives on a 140-year legacy of mining and abandoned mine cleanup in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Field Guides, v. 44, p. 377-419, https://doi.org/10.1130/2016.0044(16).","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"419","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075687","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.511962890625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -108.511962890625,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -105.699462890625,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -105.699462890625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -108.511962890625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582443f4e4b09065cdf30523","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapin, Thomas 0000-0001-6587-0734 tchapin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-0734","contributorId":758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"Thomas","email":"tchapin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":639499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188887,"text":"70188887 - 2016 - Geology and geologic history of the Moscow-Pullman basin, Idaho and Washington, from late Grande Ronde to late Saddle Mountains time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:17:03","indexId":"70188887","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geologic history of the Moscow-Pullman basin, Idaho and Washington, from late Grande Ronde to late Saddle Mountains time","docAbstract":"The Moscow-Pullman basin, located on the eastern margin of the Columbia River flood basalt province, consists of a subsurface mosaic of interlayered Miocene sediments and lava flows of the Imnaha, Grande Ronde, Wanapum, and Saddle Mountains Basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group. This sequence is ~1800 ft (550 m) thick in the east around Moscow, Idaho, and exceeds 2300 ft (700 m) in the west at Pullman, Washington. Most flows entered from the west into a topographic low, partially surrounded by steep mountainous terrain. These flows caused a rapid rise in base level and deposition of immature sediments. This field guide focuses on the upper Grande Ronde Basalt, Wanapum Basalt, and sediments of the Latah Formation.
Late Grande Ronde flows terminated midway into the basin to begin the formation of a topographic high that now separates a thick sediment wedge of the Vantage Member to the east of the high from a thin layer to the west. Disrupted by lava flows, streams were pushed from a west-flowing direction to a north-northwest orientation and drained the basin through a gap between steptoes toward Palouse, Washington. Emplacement of the Roza flow of the Wanapum Basalt against the western side of the topographic high was instrumental in this process, plugging west-flowing drainages and increasing deposition of Vantage sediments east of the high. The overlying basalt of Lolo covered both the Roza flow and Vantage sediments, blocking all drainages, and was in turn covered by sediments interlayered with local Saddle Mountains Basalt flows. Reestablishment of west-flowing drainages has been slow.
The uppermost Grande Ronde, the Vantage, and the Wanapum contain what is known as the upper aquifer. The water supply is controlled, in part, by thickness, composition, and distribution of the Vantage sediments. A buried channel of the Vantage likely connects the upper aquifer to Palouse, Washington, outside the basin. This field guide locates outcrops; relates them to stratigraphic well data; outlines paleogeographic basin evolution from late Grande Ronde to the present time; and notes structures, basin margin differences, and features that influence upper aquifer water supply.
","largerWorkTitle":"Field Guide","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2016.0041(05)","usgsCitation":"Bush, J.H., Garwood, D.L., and Dunlap, P., 2016, Geology and geologic history of the Moscow-Pullman basin, Idaho and Washington, from late Grande Ronde to late Saddle Mountains time: GSA Field Guides, v. 41, p. 151-174, https://doi.org/10.1130/2016.0041(05).","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"151","endPage":"174","ipdsId":"IP-071568","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Moscow-Pullman basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.94775390625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -123.60717773437499,\n 45.82114340079471\n ],\n [\n -123.365478515625,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -123.3544921875,\n 45.867062714815475\n ],\n [\n -123.33251953125,\n 45.767522962149876\n ],\n [\n -123.101806640625,\n 45.49094569262732\n ],\n [\n -122.81616210937499,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -122.11303710937499,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -121.89331054687499,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 44.824708282300236\n ],\n [\n -122.36572265625,\n 44.59829048984011\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 44.41808794374846\n ],\n [\n -121.981201171875,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -121.86035156249999,\n 44.629573191951046\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 44.77013681219717\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -121.5087890625,\n 44.92591837128866\n ],\n [\n -121.168212890625,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 45.08127861241874\n ],\n [\n -120.750732421875,\n 45.11230010229608\n ],\n [\n -120.47607421874999,\n 45.158800738352106\n ],\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 45.1433047394883\n ],\n [\n -120.377197265625,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -120.73974609374999,\n 44.67646564865964\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -120.76171875,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -120.28930664062499,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -120.047607421875,\n 44.000717834282774\n ],\n [\n -119.718017578125,\n 43.97700467496408\n ],\n [\n -119.761962890625,\n 43.74728909225908\n ],\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -118.49853515625,\n 43.810747313446996\n ],\n [\n -118.14697265625,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -118.048095703125,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -118.05908203124999,\n 44.77013681219717\n ],\n [\n -118.004150390625,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -118.048095703125,\n 45.1433047394883\n ],\n [\n -117.97119140625,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -117.72949218749999,\n 45.3521452458518\n ],\n [\n -117.66357421875,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -117.454833984375,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -117.476806640625,\n 44.42593442145313\n ],\n [\n -117.66357421875,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -117.894287109375,\n 43.937461690316646\n ],\n [\n -118.39965820312499,\n 43.636075155965784\n ],\n [\n -118.87207031250001,\n 43.46089378008257\n ],\n [\n -119.124755859375,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n -119.190673828125,\n 43.31718491566705\n ],\n [\n -120.17944335937499,\n 43.492782808225\n ],\n [\n -120.2783203125,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -120.14648437499999,\n 42.73894375124377\n ],\n [\n -120.157470703125,\n 42.62587560259137\n ],\n [\n -119.36645507812499,\n 42.382894009614034\n ],\n [\n -119.2236328125,\n 41.97582726102573\n ],\n [\n -118.795166015625,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -118.49853515625,\n 41.80407814427234\n ],\n [\n -118.333740234375,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -118.10302734374999,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -117.99316406249999,\n 42.10637370579324\n ],\n [\n -117.65258789062499,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -117.520751953125,\n 41.97582726102573\n ],\n [\n -117.49877929687499,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -117.366943359375,\n 41.89409955811395\n ],\n [\n -117.2900390625,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -117.037353515625,\n 42.114523952464246\n ],\n [\n -116.90551757812499,\n 42.3016903282445\n ],\n [\n -116.65283203124999,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -116.488037109375,\n 43.46089378008257\n ],\n [\n -116.20239257812499,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -115.79589843749999,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -115.78491210937501,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -115.78491210937501,\n 45.0502402697946\n ],\n [\n -115.740966796875,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -115.75195312499999,\n 45.598665689820635\n ],\n [\n -115.521240234375,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 45.98932892799953\n ],\n [\n -115.147705078125,\n 46.21785176740299\n ],\n [\n -115.059814453125,\n 46.9052455464292\n ],\n [\n -115.26855468749999,\n 47.17477833929903\n ],\n [\n -115.31249999999999,\n 47.4057852900587\n ],\n [\n -115.59814453125001,\n 47.746711194756\n ],\n [\n -116.26831054687501,\n 48.26125565204099\n ],\n [\n -116.83959960937499,\n 48.28319289548349\n ],\n [\n -117.42187500000001,\n 48.31242790407178\n ],\n [\n -117.71850585937501,\n 48.31973404047173\n ],\n [\n -117.99316406249999,\n 48.574789910928864\n ],\n [\n -118.19091796875,\n 48.58205840283824\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 48.32703913063476\n ],\n [\n -118.487548828125,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -118.65234374999999,\n 48.04136507445029\n ],\n [\n -119.00390625,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -119.36645507812499,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 47.628380027447136\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 47.46523622438362\n ],\n [\n -120.13549804687501,\n 46.9502622421856\n ],\n [\n -119.981689453125,\n 46.68713141244413\n ],\n [\n -120.10253906249999,\n 46.5286346952717\n ],\n [\n -120.22338867187499,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -120.33325195312499,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 45.9587876403564\n ],\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 46.07323062540835\n ],\n [\n -122.574462890625,\n 46.172222978455395\n ],\n [\n -122.86010742187499,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -123.101806640625,\n 46.36209301204985\n ],\n [\n -123.739013671875,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -124.04663085937499,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -123.94775390625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ea9e4b062508e3c7a7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bush, John H","contributorId":193569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bush","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garwood, Dean L","contributorId":193570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garwood","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunlap, Pamela pdunlap@usgs.gov","contributorId":5329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlap","given":"Pamela","email":"pdunlap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173920,"text":"ofr20161099 - 2016 - Estimating juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) abundance from beach seine data collected in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T09:48:05","indexId":"ofr20161099","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-17T05:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1099","title":"Estimating juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) abundance from beach seine data collected in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Resource managers rely on abundance or density metrics derived from beach seine surveys to make vital decisions that affect fish population dynamics and assemblage structure. However, abundance and density metrics may be biased by imperfect capture and lack of geographic closure during sampling. Currently, there is considerable uncertainty about the capture efficiency of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by beach seines. Heterogeneity in capture can occur through unrealistic assumptions of closure and from variation in the probability of capture caused by environmental conditions. We evaluated the assumptions of closure and the influence of environmental conditions on capture efficiency and abundance estimates of Chinook salmon from beach seining within the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and the San Francisco Bay. Beach seine capture efficiency was measured using a stratified random sampling design combined with open and closed replicate depletion sampling. A total of 56 samples were collected during the spring of 2014. To assess variability in capture probability and the absolute abundance of juvenile Chinook salmon, beach seine capture efficiency data were fitted to the paired depletion design using modified N-mixture models. These models allowed us to explicitly test the closure assumption and estimate environmental effects on the probability of capture. We determined that our updated method allowing for lack of closure between depletion samples drastically outperformed traditional data analysis that assumes closure among replicate samples. The best-fit model (lowest-valued Akaike Information Criterion model) included the probability of fish being available for capture (relaxed closure assumption), capture probability modeled as a function of water velocity and percent coverage of fine sediment, and abundance modeled as a function of sample area, temperature, and water velocity. Given that beach seining is a ubiquitous sampling technique for many species, our improved sampling design and analysis could provide significant improvements in density and abundance estimation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Kirsch, J.E., and Hendrix, A.N., 2016, Estimating juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) abundance from beach seine data collected in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1099, 21 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161099.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074132","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1099/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":323939,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1099/ofr20161099.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1099"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5579833984375,\n 37.31338308990806\n ],\n [\n -122.5579833984375,\n 39.21523130910493\n ],\n [\n -121.1077880859375,\n 39.21523130910493\n ],\n [\n -121.1077880859375,\n 37.31338308990806\n ],\n [\n -122.5579833984375,\n 37.31338308990806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115
http://wfrc.usgs.gov/
Manure application is a source of pathogens to the environment. Through overland runoff and tile drainage, zoonotic pathogens can contaminate surface water and streambed sediment and could affect both wildlife and human health. This study examined the environmental occurrence of gene markers for livestock-related bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogens and antibiotic resistance in surface waters within the South Fork Iowa River basin before and after periods of swine manure application on agricultural land. Increased concentrations of indicator bacteria after manure application exceeding Iowa's state bacteria water quality standards suggest that swine manure contributes to diminished water quality and may pose a risk to human health. Additionally, the occurrence of HEV and numerous bacterial pathogen genes for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus in both manure samples and in corresponding surface water following periods of manure application suggests a potential role for swine in the spreading of zoonotic pathogens to the surrounding environment. During this study, several zoonotic pathogens were detected including Shiga-toxin producing E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, pathogenic enterococci, and S. aureus; all of which can pose mild to serious health risks to swine, humans, and other wildlife. This research provides the foundational understanding required for future assessment of the risk to environmental health from livestock-related zoonotic pathogen exposures in this region. This information could also be important for maintaining swine herd biosecurity and protecting the health of wildlife near swine facilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.123","usgsCitation":"Givens, C.E., Kolpin, D.W., Borchardt, M.A., Duris, J.W., Moorman, T.B., and Spencer, S., 2016, Detection of hepatitis E virus and other livestock-related pathogens in Iowa streams: Science of the Total Environment, v. 566-567, p. 1042-1051, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.123.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1042","endPage":"1051","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069725","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.123","text":"External Repository"},{"id":325473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.217706,43.50055],[-91.216035,43.481142],[-91.233367,43.455168],[-91.200359,43.412701],[-91.198953,43.389835],[-91.21477,43.365874],[-91.20662,43.352524],[-91.132813,43.32803],[-91.107237,43.313645],[-91.07371,43.274746],[-91.071698,43.261014],[-91.058644,43.257679],[-91.066398,43.239293],[-91.12217,43.197255],[-91.1462,43.152405],[-91.1562,43.142945],[-91.175253,43.134665],[-91.179457,43.067427],[-91.156562,42.978226],[-91.14543,42.958211],[-91.14988,42.941955],[-91.1438,42.922877],[-91.146177,42.90985],[-91.100565,42.883078],[-91.097656,42.859871],[-91.091837,42.851225],[-91.09406,42.830813],[-91.078665,42.827678],[-91.069549,42.769628],[-91.060261,42.761847],[-91.065783,42.753387],[-91.056297,42.747341],[-91.051275,42.737001],[-91.035418,42.73734],[-91.026786,42.724228],[-91.000128,42.716189],[-90.977735,42.696816],[-90.949213,42.685573],[-90.923634,42.6855],[-90.88743,42.67247],[-90.731132,42.643437],[-90.706303,42.634169],[-90.692031,42.610366],[-90.686975,42.591774],[-90.661527,42.567999],[-90.654127,42.5499],[-90.643927,42.540401],[-90.636927,42.513202],[-90.655927,42.491703],[-90.654027,42.478503],[-90.624328,42.458904],[-90.567968,42.440389],[-90.560439,42.432897],[-90.555018,42.416138],[-90.477279,42.383794],[-90.462619,42.367253],[-90.443874,42.355218],[-90.416535,42.325109],[-90.430884,42.27823],[-90.419326,42.254467],[-90.400653,42.239293],[-90.391108,42.225473],[-90.356964,42.205445],[-90.328273,42.201047],[-90.282173,42.178846],[-90.234919,42.165431],[-90.209479,42.15268],[-90.197342,42.128163],[-90.167533,42.122475],[-90.161159,42.106372],[-90.168358,42.075779],[-90.164485,42.042105],[-90.151579,42.030633],[-90.140061,42.003252],[-90.146225,41.981329],[-90.164135,41.956178],[-90.163847,41.944934],[-90.152659,41.933058],[-90.153584,41.906614],[-90.181401,41.844647],[-90.181973,41.80707],[-90.278633,41.767358],[-90.310708,41.742214],[-90.317668,41.72269],[-90.313435,41.698082],[-90.334525,41.679559],[-90.343452,41.646959],[-90.339528,41.598633],[-90.343228,41.587833],[-90.41283,41.565333],[-90.461432,41.523533],[-90.500633,41.518033],[-90.540935,41.526133],[-90.591037,41.512832],[-90.602137,41.506032],[-90.605937,41.494232],[-90.655839,41.462132],[-90.750142,41.449632],[-90.846558,41.455141],[-90.930016,41.421404],[-90.979815,41.434321],[-91.027787,41.423603],[-91.043988,41.415897],[-91.05101,41.387556],[-91.06652,41.365246],[-91.074841,41.305578],[-91.092034,41.286911],[-91.114186,41.250029],[-91.113648,41.241401],[-91.07298,41.207151],[-91.041536,41.166138],[-91.027214,41.163373],[-91.007586,41.166183],[-90.99496,41.160624],[-90.946627,41.096632],[-90.949383,41.072711],[-90.942253,41.034702],[-90.945949,41.006495],[-90.958142,40.979767],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-90.965344,40.921633],[-91.009536,40.900565],[-91.021562,40.884021],[-91.044653,40.868356],[-91.05643,40.848387],[-91.092993,40.821079],[-91.097649,40.805575],[-91.091703,40.779708],[-91.110424,40.745528],[-91.115735,40.725168],[-91.11194,40.697018],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-91.185428,40.638071],[-91.253074,40.637962],[-91.306524,40.626231],[-91.339719,40.613488],[-91.359873,40.601805],[-91.379752,40.57445],[-91.401482,40.559458],[-91.406373,40.551831],[-91.404125,40.539127],[-91.384531,40.530948],[-91.369059,40.512532],[-91.364211,40.500043],[-91.364915,40.484168],[-91.381769,40.442555],[-91.372554,40.4012],[-91.381958,40.387632],[-91.419422,40.378264],[-91.441243,40.386255],[-91.452458,40.375501],[-91.463895,40.375659],[-91.465116,40.385257],[-91.484507,40.3839],[-91.490977,40.393484],[-91.487829,40.403866],[-91.498093,40.401926],[-91.522333,40.409648],[-91.527057,40.416689],[-91.519012,40.431298],[-91.529132,40.434272],[-91.533548,40.440804],[-91.523271,40.450061],[-91.526155,40.458625],[-91.552691,40.458769],[-91.574746,40.465664],[-91.590817,40.492292],[-91.621353,40.510072],[-91.618028,40.53403],[-91.6219,40.542292],[-91.6887,40.55739],[-91.691557,40.564867],[-91.686357,40.580875],[-91.716769,40.59853],[-91.729115,40.61364],[-92.686693,40.589809],[-94.294813,40.571341],[-94.632032,40.571186],[-95.765645,40.585208],[-95.753148,40.59284],[-95.748626,40.603355],[-95.768926,40.621264],[-95.776251,40.647463],[-95.795489,40.662384],[-95.822913,40.66724],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.883178,40.717579],[-95.888907,40.731855],[-95.879027,40.753081],[-95.84662,40.768619],[-95.835232,40.779151],[-95.834523,40.787778],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.847084,40.854174],[-95.847785,40.864328],[-95.838735,40.872191],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.813458,40.901693],[-95.836438,40.921642],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.838908,40.986484],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.869486,41.009399],[-95.859918,41.025403],[-95.859654,41.035695],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.862587,41.088399],[-95.865888,41.117898],[-95.882088,41.143998],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.856788,41.187098],[-95.90969,41.184398],[-95.91829,41.186698],[-95.92599,41.195698],[-95.924891,41.211198],[-95.910891,41.231798],[-95.921891,41.264598],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.928691,41.281398],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.90589,41.300897],[-95.90429,41.293497],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.87689,41.285097],[-95.871489,41.295797],[-95.883089,41.316697],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.946891,41.334096],[-95.956691,41.345496],[-95.954891,41.351796],[-95.93549,41.360596],[-95.92879,41.370096],[-95.93689,41.396387],[-95.929721,41.411331],[-95.933169,41.42943],[-95.919865,41.447922],[-95.922529,41.455766],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.962329,41.46281],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-96.019542,41.486617],[-95.997903,41.504789],[-95.992599,41.514174],[-95.999529,41.538679],[-96.005079,41.544004],[-96.019686,41.545743],[-96.027289,41.541081],[-96.034305,41.512853],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.05369,41.508859],[-96.07307,41.525052],[-96.08822,41.530595],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.093613,41.558271],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.085771,41.585746],[-96.109387,41.596871],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.116233,41.621574],[-96.100701,41.635507],[-96.095046,41.647365],[-96.099837,41.66103],[-96.120983,41.677861],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.111968,41.697773],[-96.082429,41.698159],[-96.073063,41.705004],[-96.079682,41.717962],[-96.10261,41.728016],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.102772,41.746339],[-96.079915,41.757895],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.064537,41.793002],[-96.075548,41.807811],[-96.107592,41.820685],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.142045,41.868865],[-96.148826,41.888132],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.160767,41.908044],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.144583,41.941544],[-96.133318,41.955732],[-96.1289,41.969727],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.156538,41.980137],[-96.184243,41.976696],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.215225,42.006701],[-96.223896,41.995456],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.223822,42.033346],[-96.238392,42.041088],[-96.261132,42.038974],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.279342,42.07028],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.279203,42.12348],[-96.310085,42.132523],[-96.319528,42.146647],[-96.342395,42.160491],[-96.349688,42.172043],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.358141,42.214088],[-96.336323,42.218922],[-96.323723,42.229887],[-96.330004,42.240224],[-96.328905,42.254734],[-96.336003,42.264806],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.369212,42.308344],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.407998,42.337408],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.417093,42.361443],[-96.408436,42.376092],[-96.41498,42.393442],[-96.413609,42.407894],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.380707,42.446394],[-96.385407,42.473094],[-96.396107,42.484095],[-96.409408,42.487595],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.476909,42.497795],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.477454,42.509589],[-96.490089,42.512441],[-96.49297,42.517282],[-96.479909,42.524195],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.498041,42.558153],[-96.498709,42.57087],[-96.489328,42.5708],[-96.485796,42.575001],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.494777,42.585741],[-96.499885,42.588539],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.517048,42.615343],[-96.525671,42.609312],[-96.531604,42.615148],[-96.518542,42.62035],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.537881,42.646446],[-96.542366,42.660736],[-96.559281,42.657903],[-96.556461,42.663939],[-96.566684,42.675942],[-96.576381,42.671302],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.596405,42.688514],[-96.59908,42.697296],[-96.61017,42.694568],[-96.629625,42.705102],[-96.624446,42.714294],[-96.624704,42.725497],[-96.631931,42.725086],[-96.638621,42.734921],[-96.630485,42.750378],[-96.620548,42.753534],[-96.620272,42.757124],[-96.632212,42.761512],[-96.633168,42.768325],[-96.61949,42.784034],[-96.604559,42.783034],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.590757,42.808255],[-96.596008,42.815044],[-96.585699,42.818041],[-96.577937,42.827645],[-96.581604,42.837521],[-96.571353,42.837155],[-96.565605,42.830434],[-96.560572,42.839373],[-96.552092,42.836057],[-96.549513,42.839143],[-96.554709,42.846142],[-96.545502,42.849956],[-96.54146,42.857682],[-96.550439,42.863171],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.540396,42.888877],[-96.526563,42.893755],[-96.542847,42.903737],[-96.537354,42.908791],[-96.541689,42.922576],[-96.525536,42.935511],[-96.516203,42.933769],[-96.52012,42.938183],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.505028,42.970844],[-96.515922,42.972886],[-96.520773,42.980385],[-96.512237,42.985937],[-96.509986,42.995126],[-96.49782,42.998143],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.499187,43.019213],[-96.510995,43.024701],[-96.509146,43.03668],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.510256,43.049917],[-96.490365,43.050789],[-96.476905,43.062383],[-96.463094,43.062981],[-96.458201,43.067554],[-96.454188,43.083379],[-96.462636,43.089614],[-96.460516,43.09494],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.458854,43.143356],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.464896,43.182034],[-96.473834,43.189804],[-96.470781,43.205099],[-96.475571,43.221054],[-96.496454,43.223652],[-96.519273,43.21769],[-96.535741,43.22764],[-96.56044,43.224219],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.552963,43.247281],[-96.552591,43.257769],[-96.582904,43.26769],[-96.586317,43.274319],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.580346,43.298204],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.526004,43.309999],[-96.534913,43.336473],[-96.524289,43.347214],[-96.527345,43.368109],[-96.521323,43.374607],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.524044,43.394762],[-96.529152,43.397735],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.569628,43.427527],[-96.575181,43.431756],[-96.592905,43.43317],[-96.602608,43.449649],[-96.600039,43.45708],[-96.584603,43.46961],[-96.586364,43.478251],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.590452,43.494298],[-96.598396,43.495074],[-96.598929,43.500441],[-91.217706,43.50055]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"566-567","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5790a17ce4b030378fb47421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Givens, Carrie E. cgivens@usgs.gov","contributorId":5711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givens","given":"Carrie","email":"cgivens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borchardt, Mark A. 0000-0002-6471-2627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-2627","contributorId":151033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borchardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":172426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":642974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moorman, Thomas B.","contributorId":173007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moorman","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spencer, Susan K.","contributorId":39511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Susan K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70173922,"text":"70173922 - 2016 - Quantification of human-associated fecal indicators reveal sewage from urban watersheds as a source of pollution to Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T12:30:32","indexId":"70173922","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-16T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of human-associated fecal indicators reveal sewage from urban watersheds as a source of pollution to Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Sewage contamination of urban waterways from sewer overflows and failing infrastructure is a major environmental and public health concern. Fecal coliforms (FC) are commonly employed as fecal indicator bacteria, but do not distinguish between human and non-human sources of fecal contamination. Human Bacteroides and humanLachnospiraceae, two genetic markers for human-associated indicator bacteria, were used to identify sewage signals in two urban rivers and the estuary that drains to Lake Michigan. Grab samples were collected from the rivers throughout 2012 and 2013 and hourly samples were collected in the estuary across the hydrograph during summer 2013. Human Bacteroides and human Lachnospiraceae were highly correlated with each other in river samples (Pearson’s r = 0.86), with average concentrations at most sites elevated during wet weather. These human indicators were found during baseflow, indicating that sewage contamination is chronic in these waterways. FC are used for determining total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) in management plans; however, FC concentrations alone failed to prioritize river reaches with potential health risks. While 84% of samples with >1000 CFU/100 ml FC had sewage contamination, 52% of samples with moderate (200–1000 CFU/100 ml) and 46% of samples with low (<200 CFU/100 ml) FC levels also had evidence of human sewage. Load calculations in the in the Milwaukee estuary revealed storm-driven sewage contamination varied greatly among events and was highest during an event with a short duration of intense rain. This work demonstrates urban areas have unrecognized sewage inputs that may not be adequately prioritized for remediation by the TMDL process. Further analysis using these approaches could determine relationships between land use, storm characteristics, and other factors that drive sewage contamination in urban waterways.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.056","usgsCitation":"Olds, H., Dila, D., Bootsma, M., Corsi, S., and McLellan, S., 2016, Quantification of human-associated fecal indicators reveal sewage from urban watersheds as a source of pollution to Lake Michigan: Water Research, v. 100, no. 1, p. 556-567, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.056.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"556","endPage":"567","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073855","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Kinnickinnic River, Menomonee River, Milwaukee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.97147750854492,\n 42.99297119949901\n ],\n [\n -87.97147750854492,\n 43.05496631251752\n ],\n [\n -87.85989761352539,\n 43.05496631251752\n ],\n [\n -87.85989761352539,\n 42.99297119949901\n ],\n [\n -87.97147750854492,\n 42.99297119949901\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"100","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763bf9ce4b07657d19b5bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olds, Hayley T. 0000-0002-6701-6459 htemplar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-6459","contributorId":5002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olds","given":"Hayley T.","email":"htemplar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":639198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dila, Deborah K.","contributorId":172000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dila","given":"Deborah K.","affiliations":[{"id":26971,"text":"School of Freshwater Sciences, UW-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bootsma, Melinda J.","contributorId":172001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bootsma","given":"Melinda J.","affiliations":[{"id":26971,"text":"School of Freshwater Sciences, UW-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. 0000-0003-0583-5536 srcorsi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0583-5536","contributorId":172002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McLellan, Sandra L.","contributorId":172003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLellan","given":"Sandra L.","affiliations":[{"id":26971,"text":"School of Freshwater Sciences, UW-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}