Sediments that fill the Albuquerque-Belen basin in central New Mexico comprise an aquifer that supplies water to approximately one-third the population of the State. Analysis of driller 's logs and geophysical logs indicate that an area of fine-grained deposits generally underlies the west-central part of the basin. Coarse-grained deposits are concentrated primarily along the axis of the north-central part of the basin. Mixed lithologic textures are present in the rest of the basin and are especially pronounced in the east-central part. Lithologic interpretation of borehole-geophysical logs were used to construct 10 lithologic sections. These sections show that the upper part of the basin fill consists mostly of sandy lenses alternating with clayey or silty lenses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894162","usgsCitation":"Kaehler, C., 1990, Lithology of basin-fill deposits in the Albuquerque-Belen basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4162, Report: iv, 14 p.; 3 Plates: 37.71 x 24.83 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894162.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; 3 Plates: 37.71 x 24.83 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56762,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4162/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56761,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4162/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56760,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4162/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56759,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4162/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4162/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414144,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47249.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque-Belen basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.2167,\n 34.2128\n ],\n [\n -106.2167,\n 35.6333\n ],\n [\n -107.2278,\n 35.6333\n ],\n [\n -107.2278,\n 34.2128\n ],\n [\n -106.2167,\n 34.2128\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635da5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaehler, C. A.","contributorId":59469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaehler","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28838,"text":"wri874200 - 1990 - Geochemistry of batch-extract waters derived from spoil material collected at the Cordero coal mine, Powder River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri874200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4200","title":"Geochemistry of batch-extract waters derived from spoil material collected at the Cordero coal mine, Powder River basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Batch-mixing experiments to evaluate postmining water quality at the Cordero Mine were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1984 to 1985. Contact of groundwater from the spoil aquifer with fresh spoil material caused only small changes in major-element concentrations and in pH, unless sulfide oxidation or contact with soluble salts, such as epsomite, occurred. In contrast, large changes in major-element concentration resulted when water from the coal aquifer contacted the spoil material. Only three of seven reaction models considered to explain the water quality changes during the batch-mixing experiments were consistent with the thermodynamic and mineralogical data. The three models used to account for the observed water quality changes derived potassium from potassium feldspar; magnesium from chlorite or epsomite or both; sodium from cation exchange and halite; chloride from halite; silica from potassium feldspar and chlorite; sulfate from gypsum, or epsomite or both, and carbon from carbon dioxide. In general, water quality samples obtained from the batch-mixing experiments using water from the coal aquifer had smaller major-ion concentrations than the actual water quality in the spoil aquifer. These differences can be explained by the limited amount of efflorescent salt dissolution and volume of water used in the experiments. Correction ratios calculated for these experiments may be applied to batch-mixing experiments at other mines in the area, to predict postmining water quality. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874200","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., 1990, Geochemistry of batch-extract waters derived from spoil material collected at the Cordero coal mine, Powder River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4200, vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874200.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4200/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57713,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a844c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27414,"text":"wri904152 - 1990 - Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Angostura Reclamation Unit, southwestern South Dakota, 1988-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri904152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4152","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Angostura Reclamation Unit, southwestern South Dakota, 1988-89","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904152","usgsCitation":"Greene, E., Sowards, C., and Hansmann, E., 1990, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Angostura Reclamation Unit, southwestern South Dakota, 1988-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4152, vi, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904152.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4152/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56272,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63eb9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, E.A.","contributorId":75575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sowards, C.L.","contributorId":54252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowards","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansmann, E.W.","contributorId":75576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansmann","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27692,"text":"wri904048 - 1990 - PRECONDITIONED CONJUGATE-GRADIENT 2 (PCG2), a computer program for solving ground-water flow equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri904048","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4048","title":"PRECONDITIONED CONJUGATE-GRADIENT 2 (PCG2), a computer program for solving ground-water flow equations","docAbstract":"This report documents PCG2 : a numerical code to be used with the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model . PCG2 uses the preconditioned conjugate-gradient method to solve the equations produced by the model for hydraulic head. Linear or nonlinear flow conditions may be simulated. PCG2 includes two reconditioning options : modified incomplete Cholesky preconditioning, which is efficient on scalar computers; and polynomial preconditioning, which requires less computer storage and, with modifications that depend on the computer used, is most efficient on vector computers . Convergence of the solver is determined using both head-change and residual criteria. Nonlinear problems are solved using Picard iterations. This documentation provides a description of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method and the two preconditioners, detailed instructions for linking PCG2 to the modular model, sample data inputs, a brief description of PCG2, and a FORTRAN listing.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri904048","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 1990, PRECONDITIONED CONJUGATE-GRADIENT 2 (PCG2), a computer program for solving ground-water flow equations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4048, iii, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904048.","productDescription":"iii, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2226,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri904048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_90_4048.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27536,"text":"wri904178 - 1990 - Simulation of ground-water flow and potential land subsidence, Avra Valley, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T19:46:57.690056","indexId":"wri904178","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4178","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow and potential land subsidence, Avra Valley, Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904178","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Anderson, S.R., and Pool, D.R., 1990, Simulation of ground-water flow and potential land subsidence, Avra Valley, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4178, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904178.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56395,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4178/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4178/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":409595,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47422.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Avra Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0167,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -111.0167,\n 32.6439\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 32.6439\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -111.0167,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2ae2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S. R.","contributorId":93518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pool, D. R.","contributorId":75581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27448,"text":"wri904167 - 1990 - Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T19:19:04.827574","indexId":"wri904167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4167","title":"Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota","docAbstract":"Operation of the Garrison Diversion Unit in North Dakota may have various effects on the quantity and quality of streamflow in the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North. To model the effects that the Garrison Diverson Unit could have on water quantity, monthly gaged and estimated streamflow data and estimated unregulated streamflow data were compiled to develop a complete monthly streamflow record for January 1931 through December 1984 (data-development period) for 29 sites in the Red River of the North basin.
Gaged streamflow records were available for January 1931 through December 1984 for only 4 sites; no records or records of various length were available for the remaining 25 sites. Drainage-area ratio and Maintenance of Variance Extension Type 1 methods were used to estimate the streamflow for those sites that had no streamflow record or had a streamflow record available for only part of the data-development period.
Unregulated streamflow for the 29 sites was estimated by removing the hydrologic effects of Lake Ashtabula, which is formed behind Baldhill Dam on the Sheyenne River, and surface-water withdrawals. VIater-balance procedures were used to remove the hydrologic effects of Lake Ashtabula from the streamflow record for sites downstream of Baldhill Dam.
Mean annual gaged streamflow for the Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam was 9,175 acre-feet less than mean annual estimated unregulated streamflow for 1950-84, when Baldhill Dam was in operation. Net evaporation losses from Lake Ashtabula account for most of the difference between gaged streamflow and estimated unregulated streamflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904167","usgsCitation":"Guenthner, R., Weigel, J.F., and Emerson, D.G., 1990, Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4167, Report: vi, 230 p.; 1 Plate: 21.28 x 15.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904167.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 230 p.; 1 Plate: 21.28 x 15.64 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56307,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56306,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411441,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47416.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.5,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.6667,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.6667,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1460","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guenthner, R. S.","contributorId":31433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenthner","given":"R. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weigel, J. F.","contributorId":74394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emerson, D. G.","contributorId":39385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":65129,"text":"i2057 - 1990 - Geologic map of the Bayan Obo area, Inner Mongolia, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:05","indexId":"i2057","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2057","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map of the Bayan Obo area, Inner Mongolia, China","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2057","usgsCitation":"Drew, L., and Qingrun, M., 1990, Geologic map of the Bayan Obo area, Inner Mongolia, China: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2057, 1 map :col. ;51 x 73 cm., on sheet 73 x 110 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2057.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;51 x 73 cm., on sheet 73 x 110 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":251250,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2057/report.pdf","size":"24","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":251251,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2057/plate-1.pdf","size":"7869","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2057/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"50000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ee4b07f02db69ff51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qingrun, Meng","contributorId":24372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qingrun","given":"Meng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":66331,"text":"i1950 - 1990 - Geologic maps of pyroclastic-flow and related deposits of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T09:53:18","indexId":"i1950","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1950","title":"Geologic maps of pyroclastic-flow and related deposits of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1950","usgsCitation":"Kuntz, M.A., Rowley, P.D., and MacLeod, N.S., 1990, Geologic maps of pyroclastic-flow and related deposits of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1950, 2 Sheets: 54.89 x 40.33 inches and 49.03 x 37.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1950.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 54.89 x 40.33 inches and 49.03 x 37.33 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107207,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10028.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10028"},{"id":189566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"2000","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.23416666666667,46.18333333333333 ], [ -122.23416666666667,46.268055555555556 ], [ -122.11749999999999,46.268055555555556 ], [ -122.11749999999999,46.18333333333333 ], [ -122.23416666666667,46.18333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6885de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuntz, M. A.","contributorId":33323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowley, P. D.","contributorId":87551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacLeod, N. S.","contributorId":55816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":63425,"text":"gq1690 - 1990 - Geologic map of the Newcastle quadrangle, Iron County, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12071,"text":"ofr89449 - 1989 - Geologic map of the Newcastle Quadrangle, Iron County, Utah","indexId":"ofr89449","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Newcastle Quadrangle, Iron County, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":63425,"text":"gq1690 - 1990 - Geologic map of the Newcastle quadrangle, Iron County, Utah","indexId":"gq1690","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Newcastle quadrangle, Iron County, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:47","indexId":"gq1690","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1690","title":"Geologic map of the Newcastle quadrangle, Iron County, Utah","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1690","usgsCitation":"Siders, M.A., Rowley, P.D., Shubat, M., Christenson, G., and Galyardt, G., 1990, Geologic map of the Newcastle quadrangle, Iron County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1690, 1 map :col. ;58 x 46 cm., on sheet 81 x 104 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1690.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;58 x 46 cm., on sheet 81 x 104 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":102750,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1200.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1200"},{"id":249518,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1690/report.pdf","size":"73","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1690/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.61749999999999,37.6175 ], [ -113.61749999999999,37.75 ], [ -113.5,37.75 ], [ -113.5,37.6175 ], [ -113.61749999999999,37.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siders, Mary A.","contributorId":106980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siders","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowley, P. D.","contributorId":87551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shubat, M. A.","contributorId":43777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shubat","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christenson, G.E.","contributorId":46097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galyardt, G.L.","contributorId":106124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galyardt","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":27747,"text":"wri904044 - 1990 - Effects of storm-water runoff on local ground-water quality, Clarksville, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri904044","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4044","title":"Effects of storm-water runoff on local ground-water quality, Clarksville, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Storm-related water-quality data were collected at a drainage-well site and at a spring site in Clarksville, Tennessee, to define the effects of storm-water runoff on the quality of ground water in the area. A dye-trace test verified the direct hydraulic connection between the drainage well and Mobley Spring. Samples of storm run off and spring flow were collected at these sites for nine storms during the period February to October 1988. Water samples were collected also from Mobley Spring and two other springs and two observation wells in the area during dry-weather conditions to assess the general quality of ground water in an urban karst terrain.\r\n\r\nEvaluation of the effect of storm-water runoff on the quality of local ground water is complicated by the presence of other sources of contaminants in the area Concentrations and load for most major constituents were much smaller in storm-water runoff at the drainage well than in the discharge of Mobley Spring, indicating that much of the chemical constituent load discharged from the spring comes from sources other than the drainage well. However, for some of the minor constituents associated with roadway runoff (arsenic, copper, lead, organic carbon, and oil and grease), the drainage well contributed relatively large amounts of these constituents to local ground water during storms. The close correlation between concentrations of total organic carbon and concentrations of most trace metals at the drainage-well and Mobley Spring sites indicates that these constituents are transported together. Many trace metals were flushed early during each runoff event.\r\n\r\nMean storm loads for copper, lead, zinc, and four nutrient species (total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and orthophosphorus) in storm-water runoff at the drainage-well site were lower than mean storm load predicted from an existing regression model. The overprediction by the model may be a result of the small size of the drainage area relative to the range of drainage areas used in the development of the models, or to the below-normal amounts of rainfall during the period of sampling for this investigation. Loads& in storm-water runoff for 22 constituents were extrapolated from sampled storms to total loads for the period February to October 1988. Calculated loads for trace metals for the period ranged from 0.030pound.s for cadmium to 12pound.s for strontium. Loads of the primary nutrients ranged from 0.97pounds for nitrite as nitrogen to 34pounds of organic nitrogen.\r\n\r\nStorm-water quality at the drainage-well and Mobley Spring sites was compared to background water quality of the local aquifer; as characterized by dry-weather samples from three springs and two observation wells in the Clarksville area. Concentrations of total-recoverable cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and nickel were higher in many stormwater samples from both the drainage-well and Mobley Spring sites than in samples from any other site. In addition, concentrations of total organic carbon, methylene blue active substances, and total-recoverable oil and grease were generally higher in storm-water samples from the drainage-well site than in any ground-water sample.\r\n\r\nDensities of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus bacteria and concentrations of total recoverable iron, manganese, and methylene blue active substances in storm samples from the drainage-well site exceeded the maximum contaminant levels listed in Tennessee?s drinking-water standards (1988) by as much as 2,500 and 5,500 colonies per 100 milliliters, and 2.7, 0.29, and 0.05 milligrams per liter, respectively. Densities of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus bacteria and concentrations of total-recoverable iron, manganese, and lead in storm samples from Mobley Spring exceeded the maximum contaminant levels by as much as 500 and 4,500 colonies per 100 milliliters, and 18.7,0.65, and 0.02 milligrams per liter, respectively. For iron, manganese, and bacteria, these undesirable","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904044","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A.B., 1990, Effects of storm-water runoff on local ground-water quality, Clarksville, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4044, v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904044.","productDescription":"v, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2124,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri904044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_90_4044.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb0be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26487,"text":"wri894195 - 1990 - Continuous seismic reflection profiling of hydrogeologic features beneath New River, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T09:58:11","indexId":"wri894195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4195","title":"Continuous seismic reflection profiling of hydrogeologic features beneath New River, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina","docAbstract":"A medium-power, wide-frequency seismic system was used to collect more than 100 miles of continuous seismic reflection profiling data over a 4- day period along a 24-mile segment of the New River estuary and Intracoastal Waterway. The seismic reflection data were evaluated to determine the continuity of aquifer sediments and correlation with existing borehole geophysical well-log data at the Base. Results indicate that the Castle Hayne aquifer, the major source of freshwater for the military base and surrounding area, and deeper aquifers are continuous beds that gently dip to the southeast. However, immediately above the Castle Hayne aquifer, the survey showed that sediment beds are thin and discontinuous. This not only allows rainfall to more easily percolate and recharge the aquifer, but also makes the Castle Hayne more vulnerable to contamination.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894195","usgsCitation":"Cardinell, A., Harned, D., and Berg, S.A., 1990, Continuous seismic reflection profiling of hydrogeologic features beneath New River, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4195, iv, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894195.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4195/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55311,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Camp Lejeune","otherGeospatial":"New River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{\"stroke\":\"#555555\",\"stroke-width\":2,\"stroke-opacity\":1,\"fill\":\"#555555\",\"fill-opacity\":0.5},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.52090454101562,34.43636318093373],[-77.50030517578125,34.448821163611186],[-77.4591064453125,34.472599425831355],[-77.42752075195312,34.48165602990584],[-77.39730834960938,34.49863451269174],[-77.38082885742188,34.509951580711096],[-77.35198974609375,34.51447797766275],[-77.32589721679688,34.52918706954935],[-77.310791015625,34.54389356378646],[-77.255859375,34.568775557959036],[-77.22976684570312,34.59251960889388],[-77.18856811523438,34.60947549180879],[-77.156982421875,34.62077749040851],[-77.12265014648438,34.63433785730249],[-77.11578369140625,34.64563646992296],[-77.10342407226562,34.655803905058974],[-77.09518432617188,34.66935854524543],[-77.11166381835938,34.68291096793206],[-77.11166381835938,34.69646117272349],[-77.10891723632812,34.70775131553933],[-77.11715698242186,34.724683640865685],[-77.12814331054688,34.73145560017836],[-77.13363647460938,34.74161249883172],[-77.13363647460938,34.75176814895906],[-77.13363647460938,34.763050740134055],[-77.15011596679688,34.76756334490676],[-77.14736938476562,34.776587814319875],[-77.15972900390625,34.78786701318875],[-77.16934204101562,34.80252766591687],[-77.1844482421875,34.8047829195724],[-77.19131469726562,34.81154831029378],[-77.1844482421875,34.81944056416081],[-77.178955078125,34.829586636768205],[-77.18032836914062,34.83973145942067],[-77.200927734375,34.837477162415986],[-77.21054077148436,34.856636719051735],[-77.2174072265625,34.86565143737161],[-77.20916748046875,34.88029824720345],[-77.22015380859375,34.8893103715716],[-77.23388671874999,34.89156324823376],[-77.23526000976562,34.898321507559885],[-77.24761962890625,34.90057413710918],[-77.24761962890625,34.910710205494546],[-77.25723266601562,34.912962495216966],[-77.26409912109375,34.92197103616377],[-77.27371215820312,34.928726792983845],[-77.28744506835938,34.93097858831627],[-77.30392456054688,34.93660780623881],[-77.3162841796875,34.93885938523973],[-77.33688354492188,34.93885938523973],[-77.354736328125,34.93323032184192],[-77.36846923828125,34.92647493584645],[-77.49343872070312,34.97375095431686],[-77.63351440429688,34.994003757575776],[-77.68157958984375,34.9793772355095],[-77.6568603515625,34.92422301690581],[-77.6898193359375,34.73371279665681],[-77.574462890625,34.470335121217474],[-77.55386352539061,34.468070755169244],[-77.52090454101562,34.43636318093373]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db691885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cardinell, A.P.","contributorId":59033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardinell","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harned, D.A.","contributorId":20331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berg, S. A.","contributorId":64289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27985,"text":"wri894124 - 1990 - Determination of hydraulic properties in the vicinity of a landfill near Antioch, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri894124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4124","title":"Determination of hydraulic properties in the vicinity of a landfill near Antioch, Illinois","docAbstract":"A hydrogeologic investigation was conducted in and around a landfill near Antioch, Illinois, in December 1987. The investigation consisted, in part, of an aquifer test that was designed to determine the hydraulic connection between the hydrogeologic units in the area. The hydrogeologic units consist of a shallow, unconfined, sand and gravel aquifer of variable thickness that overlies an intermediate confining unit of variable thickness composed predominantly of till. Underlying the till is a deep, confined, sand and gravel aquifer that serves as the water supply for the village of Antioch. The aquifer test was conducted in the confined aquifer.\r\nAquifer-test data were analyzed using the Hantush and Jacob method for a leaky confined aquifer with no storage in the confining unit. Calculated transmissivity of the confined aquifer ranged from 1.96x10^4 to 2.52x10^4 foot squared per day and storativity ranged from 2.10x10^-4 to 8.71x10^-4. Leakage through the confining unit ranged from 1.29x10^-4 to 7.84x10^-4 foot per day per foot, and hydraulic conductivity of the confining unit ranged from 3.22x10^-3 to 1.96x10^-2 foot per day.\r\n\r\nThe Hantush method for analysis of a leaky confined aquifer with storage in the confining unit also was used to estimate aquifer and confining-unit properties. Transmissivity and storativity values calculated using the Hantush method are in good agreement with the values calculated from the Hantush and Jacob method.\r\n\r\nProperties of the confining unit were estimated using the ratio method of Neuman and Witherspoon. The estimated diffusivity of the confining unit ranged from 50.36 to 68.13 feet squared per day, A value for the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining unit calculated from data obtained using both the Hantush and the Neuman and Witherspoon methods was within the range of values calculated by the Hantush and Jacob method.\r\n\r\nThe aquifer-test data clearly showed that the confining unit is hydraulically connected to the confined aquifer. The aquifer-test data also indicated that the unconfined aquifer becomes hydraulically connected to the deep sand and gravel aquifer within 24 hours after the start of pumping in the confined aquifer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894124","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., and Earle, J.D., 1990, Determination of hydraulic properties in the vicinity of a landfill near Antioch, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4124, v, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894124.","productDescription":"v, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2212,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=89-4124","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56808,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66765a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earle, John D.","contributorId":34537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28997,"text":"wri904034 - 1990 - Estimation of the relative permeability distribution in fractured granitic rocks by means of vertical flow measurements in the Siblingen borehole, Switzerland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri904034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4034","title":"Estimation of the relative permeability distribution in fractured granitic rocks by means of vertical flow measurements in the Siblingen borehole, Switzerland","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Sections [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904034","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., Hess, A., and Morin, R.H., 1990, Estimation of the relative permeability distribution in fractured granitic rocks by means of vertical flow measurements in the Siblingen borehole, Switzerland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4034, v, 26 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904034.","productDescription":"v, 26 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57864,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, A.E.","contributorId":71979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29133,"text":"wri904094 - 1990 - Water use in the St. Jones River basin, Kent County, Delaware, 1983-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-10T19:42:26.854177","indexId":"wri904094","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4094","title":"Water use in the St. Jones River basin, Kent County, Delaware, 1983-86","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904094","usgsCitation":"Phelan, D.J., 1990, Water use in the St. Jones River basin, Kent County, Delaware, 1983-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4094, v, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904094.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395796,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47360.htm"},{"id":58002,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4094/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","county":"Kent County","otherGeospatial":"St. Jones River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.58456420898438,\n 39.06398173012625\n ],\n [\n -75.40054321289062,\n 39.06398173012625\n ],\n [\n -75.40054321289062,\n 39.157752153690964\n ],\n [\n -75.58456420898438,\n 39.157752153690964\n ],\n [\n -75.58456420898438,\n 39.06398173012625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697cd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelan, D. 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This circular, in conjunction with a companion folio of MF-series maps, two I-series geologic maps, and three bulletins, represents the results of integrated field and laboratory studies on the geology, geophysics, geochemistry, paleontology, geochronology, and mineral resources of the quadrangles. These studies were undertaken to provide a modern assessment of the mineral and energy resources of the quadrangles. Each map contains descriptive text, explanatory material, tables, diagrams, and pertinent references. This circular provides background information for the mineral resource assessment map (MF-1539-1) and integrates the component M F- and I-series maps. A comprehensive bibliography cites both specific and general references relevant to the geology and resources of the quadrangles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1046","usgsCitation":"Detterman, R.L., Case, J.E., Church, S.E., Frisken, J., Wilson, F.H., and Yount, M.E., 1990, The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany folio of geologic and resource maps of the Ugashik, Bristol Bay, and western part of Karluk quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1046, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1046.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410499,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24042.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31337,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ugashik, Bristol Bay, and western part of the Karluk quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.683,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -158.683,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -158.683,\n 58\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68354f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Case, J. E.","contributorId":56625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frisken, J. G.","contributorId":90296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisken","given":"J. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yount, M. E.","contributorId":76748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"M.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":4286,"text":"cir1061 - 1990 - The eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, December 14, 1989-August 31, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-13T19:51:29.472391","indexId":"cir1061","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1061","title":"The eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, December 14, 1989-August 31, 1990","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1061","usgsCitation":"Casadevall, T.J., Chouet, B.A., Davies, J.N., Estes, S.A., Gardner, C.A., Hoblitt, R.P., Lahr, J.C., Lahusen, R.G., Major, J.J., McGimsey, R.G., Miller, T.P., Murray, T., Neal, C.A., Nye, C.J., Page, R.A., Pierson, T.C., Power, J., Stephens, C.D., and Waitt, R.B., 1990, The eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, December 14, 1989-August 31, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1061, viii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1061.","productDescription":"viii, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430154,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd89","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brantley, Steven R. srbrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":4182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"Steven R.","email":"srbrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904061,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Casadevall, Thomas J. 0000-0002-9447-6864 tcasadevall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6864","contributorId":2734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"Thomas","email":"tcasadevall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 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John","contributorId":28143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":904080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Stephens, Christopher D. 0000-0003-0858-3709 cdstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-3709","contributorId":2788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Christopher","email":"cdstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Waitt, Richard B. 0000-0002-6392-5604 waitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-5604","contributorId":2343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"Richard","email":"waitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science 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The study described in this report investigated the source, extent, and degradation of these five herbicides. Hydrogeologic analysis of the site enabled estimation of the degradation half-lives of the herbicides in the saturated zone. The most probable source of the contamination was back- siphonage or spillage of herbicides from a sprayer tank into a trench backfilled with sand. The herbicides moved downgradient to the domestic well and then moved into the aquifer via the annular space in the well. Once in the aquifer, the contaminants remained nearly stationary with very little lateral movement away from the point of injection. Decreases in herbicide concentrations were caused mainly by degradation of the parent compounds and to a lesser degree, by extensive pumping of the well. Estimated herbicide degradation half-lives in the saturated environment were 1,000 days for atrazine, 400 days for alachlor, 250 days for cyanazine, 350 days for metolachlor, and 350 days for metribuzin. The herbicides will likely be eliminated from the soil and groundwater at the experiment field by continued natural degradation at the land surface and by degradation in and continued pumping of water from the aquifer. Pumping will remove any degradation products as well as the remaining parent compounds. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904019","usgsCitation":"Perry, C.A., 1990, Source, extent, and degradation of herbicides in a shallow aquifer near Hesston, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4019, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904019.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57955,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4019/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Hesston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.43156433105469,\n 37.67675567800463\n ],\n [\n -97.21458435058594,\n 37.67675567800463\n ],\n [\n -97.21458435058594,\n 37.80761398306056\n ],\n [\n -97.43156433105469,\n 37.80761398306056\n ],\n [\n -97.43156433105469,\n 37.67675567800463\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6910fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, C. A.","contributorId":106149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28934,"text":"wri874156 - 1990 - Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri874156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4156","title":"Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Skunk Creek aquifer, a major glacial outwash deposit in the Skunk Creek drainage basin, consists of a 30-sq-mi shallow stream connected sand and gravel aquifer in southeastern South Dakota. The aquifer thickness ranges from 1 to 74 ft. Average annual fluctuation of the water table is 2.5 ft. The water has an average dissolved-solids content of 620 mg/L and is very hard , averaging 403 mg/L calcium carbonate hardness. A numerical model was developed and calibrated under steady-state and transient conditions. The model contained 484 active nodes each representing 0.0625 sq mi. Hydraulic conductivities of the aquifer used in the model range from 10 to 400 ft/d, and average specific yield is 20%. Recharge from infiltration of precipitation was estimated to be 6 inches/yr or 24% of average annual precipitation. Maximum evapotranspiration rate was 32 inches/yr and the evapotranspiration extinction depth for the model was 5 ft. The steady-state hydrologic budget was about 11 ,000 acre-ft/yr. Recharge by precipitation was about 9,500 acre-ft and recharge from streams was about 1,100 acre-ft. Discharge by evapotranspiration was about 5,000 acre-ft and discharge to streams was about 5,700 acre-ft. A hypothetical simulation to determine maximum withdrawal under steady-state conditions resulted in a groundwater withdrawal of about 15,700 acre-ft/yr from 19 hypothetical wells pumping at a rate of 500 gal/min and 13 existing wells pumping at a combined average rate of 24 gal/min. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874156","usgsCitation":"Ohland, G., 1990, Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4156, v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874156.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57807,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohland, G.L.","contributorId":45749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohland","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29108,"text":"wri904017 - 1990 - Trends and comparison of water quality and bottom material of northeastern Arkansas streams, 1974-85, and effects of planned diversions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri904017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4017","title":"Trends and comparison of water quality and bottom material of northeastern Arkansas streams, 1974-85, and effects of planned diversions","docAbstract":"Water quality of several rivers in Arkansas was compared using median values at individual water quality stations. Differences were detected in several properties, including common dissolved constituents, alkalinity, nutrients, fecal coliform bacteria, trace metals, pesticides, and sediment. In bottom material, organochlorine pesticides were detected much more frequently than organophosphorus pesticides and were higher in rivers with beds of fine-gradient particles. Time trends were examined using the Seasonal Kendall test. Trends in conductance, sodium adsorption ratio, chloride, phosphorus, and ammonia were usually not detectable. Sulfate concentrations were increasing at approximately one-half of the stations studied while fecal-coliform bacteria concentrations decreased at approximately one-half of the stations. The most potentially detrimental effects upon water quality resulting from surface water diversions were related to increases of common dissolved constituents. From available data, the largest of these increases would be caused by diversion from the Arkansas River. Potential effects not specifically examined include resuspension of bottom materials resulting from construction and operation of the diversion system. Use of some surface waters for artificial recharge of the alluvial aquifer may adversely affect the recharge systems or the aquifer. Possible effects include plugging of the injection well and the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904017","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J.C., 1990, Trends and comparison of water quality and bottom material of northeastern Arkansas streams, 1974-85, and effects of planned diversions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4017, ix, 215 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904017.","productDescription":"ix, 215 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4017/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57978,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626777","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J. C.","contributorId":8106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68682,"text":"ha720E - 1990 - Hydrogeology of the Cliff House Sandstone in the San Juan structural basin, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T19:38:10.681088","indexId":"ha720E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"720","chapter":"E","title":"Hydrogeology of the Cliff House Sandstone in the San Juan structural basin, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah","docAbstract":"This report is one in a series resulting from the U.S. Geological Survey's Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) study of the San Juan structural basin that began in October 1984. Previous reports in the series describe the hydrogeology of the Dakota Sandstone (Craigg and others, 1989), Point Lookout Sandstone (Craigg and others, 1990), Morrison Formation (Dam and others, 1990), Gallup Sandstone (Kernodle and others, 1989), and Menefee Formation (Levings and others, 1990) in the San Juan structural basin. The purposes of the RASA (Welder, 1986) are to: (1) Define and evaluate the aquifer system; (2) assess the effects of past, present, and potential ground-water use on aquifers and streams; and (3) determine the availability and quality of ground water.
This report summarizes information on the geology and the occurrence and quality of water in the Cliff House Sandstone, one of the primary water-bearing units in the regional aquifer system. Data used in this report were collected during the study or were derived from existing records in the U.S. Geological Survey's computerized National Water Information System (NWIS) data base, the Petroleum Information Corporation's data base, and the Dwight's ENERGYDATA Inc. BRIN data base. Although all data available for the Cliff House Sandstone were considered in formulating the discussions in the text, not all those data could be plotted on the illustrations.
The San Juan structural basin is in New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah and has an area of about 21,600 square miles (fig. 1). The structural basin is about 140 miles wide and about 200 miles long. The study area is that part of the structural basin that contains rocks of Triassic or younger age and, therefore, is less extensive than the structural basin. Triassic through Tertiary sedimentary rocks are emphasized in this study because the major aquifers in the basin are present in these rocks. The study area is about 140 miles wide (about the same as the structural basin), 180 miles long, and has an area of about 19,400 square miles.
Altitudes in the study area range from about 4,500 feet in San Juan County, Utah, to about 11,000 feet in Cibola County, New Mexico. Annual precipitation in the high mountainous areas along the north and east margins of the basin is as much as 45 inches, whereas annual precipitation in the lower altitude, central basin is generally less than 8 inches. Mean annual precipitation in the study area is about 12 inches.
Data obtained from documents published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 and 1985, were used to estimate the population of the study area. The population of the study area in 1970 was estimated to be about 134,000. The population rose to about 194,000 in 1980, 212,000 in 1982, 221,000 in 1984, and then fell to about 210,000 in 1985. The economy of the basin is supported by exploration and development of petroleum, natural gas, coal, and uranium resources; urban enterprise, farming and ranching; tourism; and recreation. The rise and fall in population were related to changes in the economic strength of the mining, petroleum, and natural-gas industries, and support services. Uranium mining and milling activities grew rapidly until the late 1970's when most uranium-mining activity ended in the study area. Likewise, the oil and gas industry prospered until about 1983 and then declined rapidly, also affecting many jobs in support industries.
Certain physical characteristics of soils, including permeability, available water capacity, thickness, and topographic position, have a measurable effect on the hydrology of an area. These characteristics control the rate at which precipitation infiltrates or is transmitted through the soil, and thus they have an important role in determining the rates of actual evapotranspiration (consumptive water use), groundwater recharge, and surface runoff. In studies of groundwater hydrology, it is useful to differentiate soils spatially according to their physical characteristics and to assign values that indicate their hydrologic responses.
The principal purpose of this report is to describe the relation between the hydrologic characteristics of the soils in the study area and those environmental factors that affect the development and distribution of the soils. This objective will be achieved by (1) defining both qualitatively and quantitatively those soil characteristics that affect hydrology, and (2) classifying and delineating the boundaries of the soils in the study area according to these hydrologic characteristics.
The study area includes the High Plains, Northern Great Plains, the Central Texas Carbonates, and parts of the Central Midwest Regional Aquifer Systems as described by the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) Program (Sun, 1986, p.5and Sun, personal commun., June 1985) and shown in figures 1 through 5. The spatial patterns of the soils classified according to their quantifiable hydrologic characteristics will subsequently serve as an integral component in the analysis of actual evapotranspiration (consumptive water use), consumptive irrigation requirements, and potential ground-water recharge of the study area.
The classification system used to describe the soils in this report is compatible with that of Dugan (1986). Dugan described the same characteristics of soils that are immediately underlain by principal aquifers of Cretaceous or older age in adjacent parts of the Central Midwest Regional Aquifer System. However, map scales and mapping detail are different between this report and the report by Dugan (1986) because of the size of the study area.