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,{"id":16095,"text":"ofr86106 - 1986 - Mineralogy of the microgranite at Jabal Tawlah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:14","indexId":"ofr86106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-106","title":"Mineralogy of the microgranite at Jabal Tawlah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86106","usgsCitation":"Staatz, M., and Brownfield, I.K., 1986, Mineralogy of the microgranite at Jabal Tawlah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-106, i, 16 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86106.","productDescription":"i, 16 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45018,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699de0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staatz, M.H.","contributorId":14411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staatz","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownfield, I. K.","contributorId":77915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":15979,"text":"ofr8749 - 1986 - Meteoric water-basalt interaction in northeastern Iceland; methods and chemical analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:08","indexId":"ofr8749","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-49","title":"Meteoric water-basalt interaction in northeastern Iceland; methods and chemical analyses","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8749","usgsCitation":"Gislason, S., and Rettig, S., 1986, Meteoric water-basalt interaction in northeastern Iceland; methods and chemical analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-49, v, 16 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8749.","productDescription":"v, 16 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44944,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6288cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gislason, S.R.","contributorId":65864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gislason","given":"S.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rettig, S.L.","contributorId":42592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettig","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16078,"text":"ofr86210 - 1986 - Geomorphic map of the Kyle Canyon alluvial fan, Clark County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr86210","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-210","title":"Geomorphic map of the Kyle Canyon alluvial fan, Clark County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86210","usgsCitation":"Sowers, J., 1986, Geomorphic map of the Kyle Canyon alluvial fan, Clark County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-210, ii, 9 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86210.","productDescription":"ii, 9 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45008,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0210/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45009,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0210/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45010,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c507","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sowers, J.M.","contributorId":89546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16075,"text":"ofr8694 - 1986 - Characteristics of giant rockslides in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr8694","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-94","title":"Characteristics of giant rockslides in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8694","usgsCitation":"Southworth, C., and Schultz, A., 1986, Characteristics of giant rockslides in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-94, 4 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8694.","productDescription":"4 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0094/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45003,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0094/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45004,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0094/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45005,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0094/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45006,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4f83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, C.S.","contributorId":51272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, A. P.","contributorId":106139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17404,"text":"ofr86406 - 1986 - Multichannel seismic-reflection profiles collected in 1977 off of the northern California and Oregon coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T22:52:48.943654","indexId":"ofr86406","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-406","title":"Multichannel seismic-reflection profiles collected in 1977 off of the northern California and Oregon coast","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86406","usgsCitation":"McCulloch, D.S., Mann, D.M., Ryan, H.F., and Sliter, R.W., 1986, Multichannel seismic-reflection profiles collected in 1977 off of the northern California and Oregon coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-406, Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 17.65 × 31.53 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86406.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 17.65 × 31.53 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":46539,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0406/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46540,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0406/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0406/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":391555,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17030.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.5,\n              42.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -126,\n              42.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -126,\n              37.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b488a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCulloch, D. S.","contributorId":78315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, D. M.","contributorId":77902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, H. F.","contributorId":18002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sliter, R. W.","contributorId":37758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":15984,"text":"ofr86191 - 1986 - Processed strong-motion records from the southern Alaska earthquake of January 1, 1975, 0355 GMT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:11","indexId":"ofr86191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-191","title":"Processed strong-motion records from the southern Alaska earthquake of January 1, 1975, 0355 GMT","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86191","usgsCitation":"Silverstein, B., Brady, A., and Mork, P.N., 1986, Processed strong-motion records from the southern Alaska earthquake of January 1, 1975, 0355 GMT: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-191, ii, 99 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86191.","productDescription":"ii, 99 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0191/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44946,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0191/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silverstein, B.L.","contributorId":92256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverstein","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, A. G.","contributorId":61794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mork, P. N.","contributorId":33309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mork","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":38484,"text":"pp1402B - 1986 - Geologic framework of the ground-water system in Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks in the Northern Great Plains, in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:50","indexId":"pp1402B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1402","chapter":"B","title":"Geologic framework of the ground-water system in Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks in the Northern Great Plains, in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1402B","usgsCitation":"Anna, L.O., 1986, Geologic framework of the ground-water system in Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks in the Northern Great Plains, in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1402, vii, B36 p. : ill. ; 29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1402B.","productDescription":"vii, B36 p. : ill. ; 29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104621,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4832.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4832"},{"id":119586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65132,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65133,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65134,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65135,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65136,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65137,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65138,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65139,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65140,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65141,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65142,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65143,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65144,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65145,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65146,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65147,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65148,"rank":416,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65149,"rank":417,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65150,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a56b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anna, Lawrence O.","contributorId":107318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anna","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38536,"text":"pp1319 - 1986 - Floods of April 1979, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T12:51:27","indexId":"pp1319","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1319","title":"Floods of April 1979, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia","docAbstract":"A major storm April 11-13, 1979, following a series of storms in March and April, brought large amounts of rainfall over southeastern United States. Heaviest rain fell over north-central Mississippi and Alabama. A maximum of 21.5 inches was observed at Louisville, 14 SE, Mississippi. Floods in Mississippi and Alabama were the maximum of record at 60 streamflow gaging stations in the Coosa, Alabama, Tombigbee, Chickasawhay, Pearl, and Big Black River basins. On the Pearl River, peak discharges at main stem gaging stations generally approached or exceeded those of the great flood of 1874, and recurrence intervals generally were greater than 100 years. Nine lives were reported lost. Estimated damages totaled nearly $400 million. Seventeen thousand people were driven from their homes in Jackson, Mississippi. This report presents analyses of the meterological settings of the storms, summaries of flood stages and discharges at 221 streamflow gaging stations, stages and contents of 10 reservoirs, flood-crest stages and hydrograph data consisting of gage height, discharge, and accumulated runoff at selected times, at 46 gaging stations, groundwater fluctuations in 11 observation wells, and water salinity and temperature at 22 sites along the Intracoastal Waterway in Mobile Bay. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1319","usgsCitation":"Edelen, G., Wilson, K., Harkins, J., Miller, J., and Chin, E., 1986, Floods of April 1979, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1319, 212 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1319.","productDescription":"212 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1319/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65302,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1319/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, 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,{"id":39644,"text":"pp1465 - 1986 - The vanadiferous zone of the Phosphoria Formation in western Wyoming and southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:56","indexId":"pp1465","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1465","title":"The vanadiferous zone of the Phosphoria Formation in western Wyoming and southeastern Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1465","usgsCitation":"McKelvey, V., Strobell, J., and Slaughter, A., 1986, The vanadiferous zone of the Phosphoria Formation in western Wyoming and southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1465, 27 p.; 2 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1465.","productDescription":"27 p.; 2 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1465/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67317,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1465/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67318,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1465/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":67319,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1465/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKelvey, V.E.","contributorId":85161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strobell, J.D. Jr.","contributorId":22823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strobell","given":"J.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slaughter, A.L.","contributorId":58694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slaughter","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39652,"text":"pp1400D - 1986 - Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:55","indexId":"pp1400D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1400","chapter":"D","title":"Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1400D","usgsCitation":"Luckey, R.R., Gutentag, E., Heimes, F., and Weeks, J., 1986, Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1400, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1400D.","productDescription":"57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1400d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67340,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1400d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db6582f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luckey, R. R.","contributorId":93055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutentag, E. D.","contributorId":70015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutentag","given":"E. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heimes, F.J.","contributorId":60654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimes","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weeks, J.B.","contributorId":61426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":39658,"text":"pp1388AC - 1986 - Chemical and isotopic studies of granitic Archean rocks, Owl Creek Mountains, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T20:10:43.470888","indexId":"pp1388AC","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1388","chapter":"A-C","title":"Chemical and isotopic studies of granitic Archean rocks, Owl Creek Mountains, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1388AC","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., Miesch, A., Wenner, D.B., Hedge, C., Simmons, K.R., Nkomo, I.T., and Butt, K.A., 1986, Chemical and isotopic studies of granitic Archean rocks, Owl Creek Mountains, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1388, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1388AC.","productDescription":"48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403555,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74197.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":67378,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1388a-c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1388a-c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Owl Creek Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.1925,\n              43.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.7886,\n              43.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.7886,\n              43.4917\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.1925,\n              43.4917\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.1925,\n              43.375\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e48b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miesch, A.T.","contributorId":88726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miesch","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wenner, D. B.","contributorId":42224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hedge, C. E.","contributorId":73611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nkomo, Ignatius T.","contributorId":61044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nkomo","given":"Ignatius","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butt, K. A.","contributorId":10670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butt","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":38545,"text":"pp1335 - 1986 - Observations of the eruptions of July 22 and August 7, 1980, at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:32","indexId":"pp1335","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1335","title":"Observations of the eruptions of July 22 and August 7, 1980, at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"The explosive eruptions of July 22 and August 7, 1980, at Mount St. Helens, Wash., both included multiple eruptive pulses. The beginnings of three of the pulses-two on July 22 and one on August 7-were witnessed and photographed. Each of these three began with a fountain of gases and pyroclasts that collapsed around the vent and generated a pyroclastic density flow. Significant vertical-eruption columns developed only after the density flows were generated. This behavior is attributable to either an increase in the gas content of the eruption jet or a decrease in vent radius with time. An increase in the gas content may have occurred as the vent was cleared (by expulsion of a plug of pyroclasts) or as the eruption began to tap deeper, gas-rich magma after first expelling the upper, gas-depleted part of the magma body. An effective decrease of the vent radius with time may have occurred as the eruption originated from progressively deeper levels in the vent. All of these processes-vent clearing; tapping of deeper, gas-rich magma; and effective decrease in vent radius-probably operated to some extent. A 'relief-valve' mechanism is proposed here to account for the occurrence of multiple eruptive pulses. This mechanism requires that the conduit above the magma body be filled with a bed of pyroclasts, and that the vesiculation rate in the magma body be inadequate to sustain continuous eruption. During a repose interval, vesiculation of the magma body would cause gas to flow upward through the bed of pyroclasts. If the rate at which the magma produced gas exceeded the rate at which gas escaped to the atmosphere, the vertical pressure difference across the bed of pyroclastic debris would increase, as would the gas-flow rate. Eventually a gas-flow rate would be achieved that would suddenly diminish the ability of the bed to maintain a pressure difference between the magma body and the atmosphere. The bed of pyroclasts would then be expelled (that is, the relief valve would open) and an eruption would commence. During the eruption, gas would be lost faster than it could be replaced by vesiculation, so the gas-flow rate in the conduit would decrease. Eventually the gas-flow rate would decrease to a value that would be inadequate to expel pyroclasts, so the conduit would again become choked with pyroclasts (that is, the relief valve would close). Another period of repose would commence. The eruption/repose sequence would be repeated until gas-production rates were inadequate to reopen the valve, either because the depth of the pyroclast bed had become too great, the volatile content of the magma had become too low, or the magma had been expended. \r\n\r\nA timed sequence of photographs of a pyroclastic density flow on August 7 indicates that, in general, the velocity of the flow front was determined by the underlying topography. Observations and details of the velocity/topography relationship suggest that both pyroclastic flows and pyroclastic surges formed. The following mechanism is consistent with the data. During initial fountain collapse and when the flow passed over steep, irregular terrain, a highly inflated suspension of gases and pyroclasts formed. In this suspension, the pyroclasts underwent rapid differential settling according to size and density; a relatively low-concentration, fine-grained upper phase formed over a relatively high-concentration coarse-grained phase. The low-particle-concentration phase (the pyroclastic surge) was subject to lower internal friction than the basal high-concentration phase (the pyroclastic flow), and so accelerated away from it. The surge advanced until it had deposited so much of its solid fraction that its net density became less than that of the ambient air. At this point it rose convectively off the ground, quickly decelerated, and was overtaken by the pyroclastic flow. \r\n\r\nThe behavior of the flow of August 7 suggests that a pyroclastic density flow probably expands through the ingestion of ai","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1335","usgsCitation":"Hoblitt, R.P., 1986, Observations of the eruptions of July 22 and August 7, 1980, at Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1335, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1335.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1335/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65313,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1335/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649283","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoblitt, Richard P. rhoblitt@usgs.gov","contributorId":1937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"Richard","email":"rhoblitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":220032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38507,"text":"pp1394AG - 1986 - Devonian rocks and Lower and Middle Devonian pelecypods of Guangxi, China, and the Traverse Group of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T18:16:08.291551","indexId":"pp1394AG","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1394","chapter":"A-G","title":"Devonian rocks and Lower and Middle Devonian pelecypods of Guangxi, China, and the Traverse Group of Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>A state-of-the-art summary of the Devonian rocks of China, correlation of the Lower and Middle Devonian of the Guangxi Autonomous Region with the European Standards, and detailed lithologic descriptions of the major Lower and Middle Devonian sections in Guangxi from which pelecypods were collected. Systematic descriptions are given for the Lower and Middle Devonian pelecypods of Guangxi. The Chinese pelecypods are principally compared with the previously little studied Givetian pelecypods of Michigan, which are also described.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1394AG","usgsCitation":"1986, Devonian rocks and Lower and Middle Devonian pelecypods of Guangxi, China, and the Traverse Group of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1394, Report: v, 108 p.; 3 Plates: 36.58 x 34.9 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1394AG.","productDescription":"Report: v, 108 p.; 3 Plates: 36.58 x 34.9 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402288,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74202.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":340352,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1394a-g/plate-67.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1394a-g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65226,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1394a-g/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":65225,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1394a-g/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":65224,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1394a-g/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"}],"country":"China, United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Guangxi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.220703125,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96875,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96875,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.220703125,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.220703125,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              109.6875,\n              21.49396356306447\n            ],\n            [\n              110.830078125,\n              22.268764039073968\n            ],\n            [\n              111.6650390625,\n              23.60426184707018\n            ],\n            [\n              112.0166015625,\n              24.806681353851964\n            ],\n            [\n              111.22558593749999,\n              25.12539261151203\n            ],\n            [\n              111.09374999999999,\n              26.391869671769022\n            ],\n            [\n              108.720703125,\n              25.522614647623293\n            ],\n            [\n              107.8857421875,\n              25.24469595130604\n            ],\n            [\n              107.22656249999999,\n              25.562265014427492\n            ],\n            [\n              106.083984375,\n              24.766784522874453\n            ],\n            [\n              104.67773437499999,\n              24.726874870506972\n            ],\n            [\n              104.67773437499999,\n              24.287026865376436\n            ],\n            [\n              105.380859375,\n              24.046463999666567\n            ],\n            [\n              106.171875,\n              24.086589258228027\n            ],\n            [\n              105.6005859375,\n              23.160563309048314\n            ],\n            [\n              106.74316406249999,\n              22.917922936146045\n            ],\n            [\n              106.5673828125,\n              22.268764039073968\n            ],\n            [\n              107.9296875,\n              21.3303150734318\n            ],\n            [\n              109.6875,\n              21.49396356306447\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dc4b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pojeta, John Jr.","contributorId":44514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pojeta","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684584,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38527,"text":"pp1365 - 1986 - Ice volumes on Cascade Volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":22927,"text":"ofr84581 - 1984 - Ice volumes on Cascade volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta","indexId":"ofr84581","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Ice volumes on Cascade volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38527,"text":"pp1365 - 1986 - Ice volumes on Cascade Volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta","indexId":"pp1365","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Ice volumes on Cascade Volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-21T20:53:03.470737","indexId":"pp1365","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1365","title":"Ice volumes on Cascade Volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta","docAbstract":"During the eruptions of Mount St. Helens the occurrence of floods and mudflows made apparent the need for predictive water-hazard analysis of other Cascade volcanoes. A basic requirement for such analysis is information about the volumes and distributions of snow and ice on other volcanoes.\r\n\r\nA radar unit contained in a backpack was used to make point measurements of ice thickness on major glaciers of Mount Rainier, Wash.; Mount Hood, Oreg.; the Three Sisters, Oreg.; and Mount Shasta, Calif. The measurements were corrected for slope and were used to develop subglacial contour maps from which glacier volumes were measured.\r\n\r\nThese values were used to develop estimation methods for finding volumes of unmeasured glaciers. These methods require a knowledge of glacier slope, altitude, and area and require an estimation of basal shear stress, each estimate derived by using topographic maps updated by aerial photographs. The estimation methods were found to be accurate within ?20 percent on measured glaciers and to be within ?25 percent when applied to unmeasured glaciers on the Cascade volcanoes. The estimation methods may be applicable to other temperate glaciers in similar climatic settings.\r\n\r\nAreas and volumes of snow and ice are as follows: Mount Rainier, 991 million ft2, 156 billion ft3; Mount Hood, 145 million ft2, 12 billion ft3; Three Sisters, 89 million ft2, 6 billion ft3; and Mount Shasta, 74 million ft2, 5 billion ft3.\r\n\r\nThe distribution of ice and firn patches within 58 glacierized basins on volcanoes is mapped and listed by altitude and by watershed to facilitate water-hazard analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1365","usgsCitation":"Driedger, C.L., and Kennard, P.M., 1986, Ice volumes on Cascade Volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1365, Report: vi, 28 p.; 6 Plates: 12.50 x 26.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1365.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; 6 Plates: 12.50 x 26.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494410,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4819.htm","text":"Mount Shasta","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494409,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4818.htm","text":"Three Sisters","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65288,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1365/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65287,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1365/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65286,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1365/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65285,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1365/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65284,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1365/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":494407,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4816.htm","text":"Mount Rainier","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494408,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4817.htm","text":"Mount Hood","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65283,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1365/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12500,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/geology/publications/pp/1365/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65289,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1365/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1365/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.98982014011878,\n              39.93395834106278\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.49831019936644,\n              39.93395834106278\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.49831019936644,\n              47.1145890021225\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98982014011878,\n              47.1145890021225\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98982014011878,\n              39.93395834106278\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb7dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driedger, Carolyn L. 0000-0002-4011-4112 driedger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4112","contributorId":537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"Carolyn","email":"driedger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennard, Paul M.","contributorId":51827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennard","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38510,"text":"pp1338 - 1986 - Effects of organic wastes on water quality from processing of oil shale from the Green River Formation, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:14","indexId":"pp1338","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1338","title":"Effects of organic wastes on water quality from processing of oil shale from the Green River Formation, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"A series of investigations were conducted during a 6-year research project to determine the nature and effects of organic wastes from processing of Green River Formation oil shale on water quality. Fifty percent of the organic compounds in two retort wastewaters were identified as various aromatic amines, mono- and dicarboxylic acids phenols, amides, alcohols, ketones, nitriles, and hydroxypyridines. Spent shales with carbonaceous coatings were found to have good sorbent properties for organic constituents of retort wastewaters. However, soils sampled adjacent to an in situ retort had only fair sorbent properties for organic constituents or retort wastewater, and application of retort wastewater caused disruption of soil structure characteristics and extracted soil organic matter constituents. Microbiological degradation of organic solutes in retort wastewaters was found to occur preferentially in hydrocarbons and fatty acid groups of compounds. Aromatic amines did not degrade and they inhibited bacterial growth where their concentrations were significant. Ammonia, aromatic amines, and thiocyanate persisted in groundwater contaminated by in situ oil shale retorting, but thiosulfate was quantitatively degraded one year after the burn. Thiocyanate was found to be the best conservative tracer for retort water discharged into groundwater. Natural organic solutes, isolated from groundwater in contact with Green River Formation oil shale and from the White River near Rangely, Colorado, were readily distinguished from organic constituents in retort wastewaters by molecular weight and chemical characteristic differences. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1338","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., and Noyes, T., 1986, Effects of organic wastes on water quality from processing of oil shale from the Green River Formation, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1338, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1338.","productDescription":"56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1338/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65229,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1338/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611abf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noyes, T.I.","contributorId":54971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noyes","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38535,"text":"pp1316 - 1986 - Geology, earthquake hazards, and land use in the Helena area, Montana — A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-12T18:26:55.555543","indexId":"pp1316","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1316","title":"Geology, earthquake hazards, and land use in the Helena area, Montana — A review","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1316","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, R.G., 1986, Geology, earthquake hazards, and land use in the Helena area, Montana — A review: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1316, Report: iv, 64 p.; 3 Plates: 23.00 × 28.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1316.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 64 p.; 3 Plates: 23.00 × 28.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104599,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4800.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4800"},{"id":65299,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1316/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1316/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65300,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1316/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65301,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1316/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65298,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1316/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Helena","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.25,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.75,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.75,\n              46.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.25,\n              46.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.25,\n              46.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, R. G.","contributorId":107690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39657,"text":"pp1385 - 1986 - A model for the plastic flow of landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:56","indexId":"pp1385","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1385","title":"A model for the plastic flow of landslides","docAbstract":"To further the understanding of the mechanics of landslide flow, we present a model that predicts many of the observed attributes of landslides. The model is based on an integration of the hyperbolic differential equations for stress and velocity fields in a two-dimensional, inclined, semi-infinite half-space of Coulomb plastic material under elevated pore pressure and gravity. \r\n\r\nOur landslide model predicts commonly observed features. For example, compressive (passive), plug, or extending (active) flow will occur under appropriate longitudinal strain rates. Also, the model predicts that longitudinal stresses increase elliptically with depth to the basal slide plane, and that stress and velocity characteristics, surfaces along which discontinuities in stress and velocity are propagated, are coincident. Finally, the model shows how thrust and normal faults develop at the landslide surface in compressive and extending flow.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1385","usgsCitation":"Savage, W.Z., and Smith, W.K., 1986, A model for the plastic flow of landslides: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1385, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1385.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1385/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1385/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, William K.","contributorId":23544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39660,"text":"pp1356 - 1986 - Neogene tectonics and geomorphology of the eastern Uinta Mountains in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:56","indexId":"pp1356","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1356","title":"Neogene tectonics and geomorphology of the eastern Uinta Mountains in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1356","usgsCitation":"Hansen, W.R., 1986, Neogene tectonics and geomorphology of the eastern Uinta Mountains in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1356, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1356.","productDescription":"78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1356/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67380,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1356/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, W. R.","contributorId":59378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}