{"pageNumber":"441","pageRowStart":"11000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":18708,"text":"ofr9485 - 1994 - Environmental overview and hydrogeologic conditions at Aniak, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr9485","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-85","title":"Environmental overview and hydrogeologic conditions at Aniak, Alaska","docAbstract":"The remote Native village of Aniak, on the flood plain of the Kuskokwim River in southwestern Alaska, has long cold winters and short summers that affect both the hydrology of the area and the lifestyle of the residents. Aniak obtains its drinking water from a shallow aquifer in the thick alluvium underlying the village. Surface spills and disposal of hazardous materials combined with annual flooding of the Kuskokwim River may affect the quality of the ground water. Alternative drinking water sources are available but at significantly greater cost than existing supplies. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) owns or operates airport support facilities in Aniak. The subsistence lifestyle of the villagers and the quality of the current environment must be taken into consideration when the FAA evaluates options for remediation of environmental contamination at these facilities. This report describes the ground- and surface-water hydrology, geology, climate, vegetation, soils, and flood potential of the areas surrounding the FAA sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9485","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J., 1994, Environmental overview and hydrogeologic conditions at Aniak, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-85, 89 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9485.","productDescription":"89 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48067,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18540,"text":"ofr9484 - 1994 - Operation of hydrologic data-collection stations by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:27","indexId":"ofr9484","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-84","title":"Operation of hydrologic data-collection stations by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1993","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9484","usgsCitation":"Condes de la Torre, A., 1994, Operation of hydrologic data-collection stations by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-84, vii, 53 p. :chiefly ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9484.","productDescription":"vii, 53 p. :chiefly ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0084/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af1e4b07f02db6917b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Condes de la Torre, Alberto","contributorId":73570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condes de la Torre","given":"Alberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18249,"text":"ofr9435 - 1994 - Water resources on and near Indian lands in northeastern Kansas and southeastern Nebraska; hydrologic data through 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:26","indexId":"ofr9435","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-35","title":"Water resources on and near Indian lands in northeastern Kansas and southeastern Nebraska; hydrologic data through 1990","docAbstract":"Four Kansas Indian Tribes, the Iowa, Kickapoo, Potawatomi, and Sac & Fox are interested in developing the water resources on and near their respective tribe lands. This report presents climatic and geohydrologic data that are useful in describing the available water resources in the 4,005-square-mile area in northeastern Kansas and southeastern Nebraska. Climatological data for 1961- 90 include monthly summaries of average temperature, heating degree days, precipitation for the climato- logical stations in Horton and Topeka, Kansas, and average temperature and precipitation for the north- east Climatological Region in Kansas. Geohydrologic data include site descriptions for 18 continuous- record streamflow-gaging stations with 10 or more years of daily discharge records, site descriptions for about 1,900 wells, and water-quality data for surface- and ground-water sampling sites in the study area. Water-quality data for surface- and ground-water sites include specific conductance, pH, bacteria concentrations, hardness, dissolved solids, nutrients, dissolved and total metals, and concen- trations for selected pesticides and other organic substances.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9435","usgsCitation":"Brewer, L., Trombley, T.J., and Pomes, M., 1994, Water resources on and near Indian lands in northeastern Kansas and southeastern Nebraska; hydrologic data through 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-35, vi, 424 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9435.","productDescription":"vi, 424 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0035/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47605,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, L.D.","contributorId":97513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trombley, T. J.","contributorId":75161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trombley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pomes, M.L.","contributorId":84393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomes","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18095,"text":"ofr9441 - 1994 - Distribution and variability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the alluvial, High Plains, Rush Springs, and Blaine aquifers in western Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:15","indexId":"ofr9441","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-41","title":"Distribution and variability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the alluvial, High Plains, Rush Springs, and Blaine aquifers in western Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Aquifers are the primary source of water for drinking and agricultural purposes in western Oklahoma. Health concerns about consuming nitrogen and an increased reliance on ground water for drinking necessitate a better understanding of the cause and effect of contamination from nutrients. The purpose of this project was to compile nutrients data from the National Water Information System data base for the alluvial aquifers west of longitude 98 degrees W. and from three bedrock aquifers, High Plains, Rush Springs, and Blaine, and provide this information in a report for future projects and for the facilitation of nutrient source management.\r\nThe scope of the work consisted of (1) compiling ground-water quality data concerning nitrogen and phosphorus ions, (2) constructing boxplots illustrating data variability, (3) maps for each aquifer showing locations of wells when nitrogen and phosphorus ions were measured in ground water and where concentrations of nitrate and nitrite, reported as nitrogen, exceed the maximum contaminant level, and (4) calculating summary statistics.\r\n\r\nNutrient data were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey data base called the National Water Information System. Data were restricted to ground-water samples, but no restrictions were placed on well and water use or date and time of sampling.\r\n\r\nCompiled nutrient data consist of dissolved and total concentrations of the common nitrogen and phosphorus ions measured in ground water. For nitrogen these ions include nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and nitrite plus nitrate. All concentrations are reported in milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Phosphorus in ground water is measured as the orthophosphate ion, and is reported in milligrams per liter as phosphorus.\r\n\r\nNutrient variability is illustrated by a standard boxplot. The data are presented by aquifer or hydrologic subregion for alluvial aquifers, with one boxplot constructed for each nutrient compound if more than four analyses are present. Maps for each aquifer show where nitrogen and phosphorus have been measured in ground water and where the concentrations of nitrate and nitrite exceed the maximum contaminant level. A statistical summary for each aquifer and subregion show if censored data were present, number of samples in each data set, largest minimum reporting level for each nutrient compound, percentiles used to construct boxplots, and minimum and maximum values. Also given are the number of wells sampled in each aquifer and the number of wells exceeding the maximum contaminant level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9441","usgsCitation":"Becker, C., 1994, Distribution and variability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the alluvial, High Plains, Rush Springs, and Blaine aquifers in western Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-41, iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9441.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47454,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6491f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, C.J.","contributorId":64269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18014,"text":"ofr93105 - 1994 - A guide to the design of surface-water-quality studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:26","indexId":"ofr93105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-105","title":"A guide to the design of surface-water-quality studies","docAbstract":"Data interpretation is difficult under the simplest of conditions and requires hydrologic studies that are carefully designed. Good research presupposes carefully collected data, as well as data that were obtained at times when the information content was highest. To accomplish the careful design of hydrologic studies and to obtain quality data, the U.S. Geological Survey works through small organizational units. The principles of a well-designed study are: 1) Use the scientific method, 2) define the problem and the approach, 3) state the objectives of the data collection, 4) determine what and how to sample, 5) decide where to sample, 6) begin report preparation early in the study, 7) do the work with little or no rework, and 8) complete the report on schedule.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93105","usgsCitation":"Averett, R., and Schroder, L., 1994, A guide to the design of surface-water-quality studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-105, v, 39 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93105.","productDescription":"v, 39 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0105/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae50b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Averett, R. C.","contributorId":35709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averett","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":178377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3384,"text":"cir1099 - 1994 - Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1978-1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"cir1099","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1099","title":"Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1978-1992","docAbstract":"The major ground-water systems of the United States have been investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through its Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) Program. During the first 15 years of the program (1978-92), 25 regional aquifer systems, including the most heavily pumped aquifers in the Nation, were intensively studied. As of mid-1992, 18 of the regional aquifer studies are completed or nearly so; 7 of the regional aquifer studies are ongoing, and compilation of a national ground-water atlas is in progress. \r\n\r\nThis report summarizes the status of each RASA study and briefly describes the hydrology of the 25 regional aquifer systems. Important study results and examples of applications of study results are presented for some of the completed RASA investigations. \r\n\r\nThe major contributions of the RASA Program are (1) assembly of data from numerous local studies and long-time data collections into systematic regional data bases; (2) comprehensive descriptions of the geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical characteristics of the regional aquifer systems; and (3) an understanding of how the regional ground-water-flow systems function under natural (predevelopment) and current (developed) conditions. To provide the comprehensive system descriptions, many of the RASA studies present, for the first time, maps depicting the hydrogeologic frameworks, water chemistry, potentiometric surfaces, and other aspects of entire regional aquifer systems. \r\n\r\nTo provide an understanding of how the flow systems function, several of the completed RASA studies provide, for the first time, hydrologic budgets for both predevelopment and developed conditions. The results of the RASA Program are contained in nearly 900 reports published by the USGS, as well as various State and local agencies, and in articles published in scientific journals. A series of U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers are being published to summarize and synthesize the results of each RASA study.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/cir1099","usgsCitation":"Sun, R.J., and Johnston, R.H., 1994, Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1978-1992: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1099, vii, 126 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1099.","productDescription":"vii, 126 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30398,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613de8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sun, Ren Jen","contributorId":68721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Ren","email":"","middleInitial":"Jen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Richard H.","contributorId":95860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17876,"text":"ofr93661 - 1994 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico, fiscal year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T16:04:24","indexId":"ofr93661","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-661","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico, fiscal year 1992","docAbstract":"

Awareness of our environment in general, and water resources in particular, has brought increased interest in and support of hydrologic data collection and research. The quantity, quality, and distribution of water are extremely important to the future well-being of New Mexico. The State's surface-water resources are minimal and highly variable due to climate and to regulation and diversion; ground-water resources are subject to development that exceeds natural recharge and to potential contamination by land use. Issues related to global climate change, disposal of hazardous wastes, toxic substances in water, water rights, and ground-water contamination are evolving areas of greater public concern. At the same time there is a continuing need for a better understanding of various hydrologic systems and processes in order to manage these limited water resources for maximum benefit to present and future generations.

The U.S. Geological Survey has collected and disseminated information on the water resources of New Mexico for more than a century. The Survey began to collect records of streamflow in New Mexico in December 1888 when the first discharge measurements were made on the Rio Grande near the present gaging station at Embudo. This site, called the \"birthplace of systematic stream gaging,\" was chosen to be the training center for the first hydrographers of the Irrigation Survey, a bureau within the original Geological Survey. Since that time, in cooperation with Federal, State, local, and tribal agencies, we have monitored streams at hundreds of sites throughout the State and have a current network of more than 200 streamflow-gaging stations. Through the Cooperative Program, we also have established sites where ground-water levels are monitored to document changes in ground-water storage or where surface-water and groundwater samples are collected to determine water chemistry, and we have undertaken investigative studies to define the availability, quality, and distribution of water resources. Information from the data program and results of investigative studies are made available to water-resources managers, regulators, and the public to be used for the effective management of the State's water resources.

This report provides a brief summary of the activities of the New Mexico District for FY (fiscal year) 1992, including our mission, organization, sources of funding, and descriptions of current projects. This report serves to document not only the content of the program, but also the diversity and complexity of that program. Cooperation among water-resources agencies will be essential in effectively dealing with water-related issues facing New Mexico. We look forward to the challenge of addressing these issues by continuing to provide factual hydrologic data and technically sound areal appraisals and interpretive studies.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Albuquerque, NM","doi":"10.3133/ofr93661","usgsCitation":"1994, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico, fiscal year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-661, vi, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93661.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":47114,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0661/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0661/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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Mexico\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67abe7","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Allen, Harriet R.","contributorId":94683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Harriet","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727920,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17875,"text":"ofr9492 - 1994 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Nebraska, fiscal years 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:21","indexId":"ofr9492","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-92","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Nebraska, fiscal years 1993-94","docAbstract":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Nebraska consist principally of hydro- logic data collection and local, areal, or state- wide interpretive studies. These programs are funded by cooperative agreements with State and local agencies, transfer of funds from other Federal agencies, and direct Federal funds. The data and results of the investigations are published or released either by the U.S. Geological Survey or by cooperating agencies. This report describes the hydrologic data-collection programs and local or areal hydrologic investigations in Nebraska during fiscal yars 1993 and 1994 and provides a list of reports released by the Nebraska District during 1985-93.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9492","usgsCitation":"Sojka, A.M., and Fitzpatrick, D., 1994, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Nebraska, fiscal years 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-92, vi, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9492.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0092/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47113,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sojka, A. M. (compiler)","contributorId":107715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojka","given":"A.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, D. J.","contributorId":33313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17847,"text":"ofr94339 - 1994 - Water-resources activities in New England, fiscal year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:21","indexId":"ofr94339","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-339","title":"Water-resources activities in New England, fiscal year 1993","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has 82 active or complete-except-report projects of hydrologic investigations ongoing within the New England Program Area. Of this total, 23 are data projects. Data projects contain statistics and data on the conditions of surface water, ground water, water quality and (or) water use for the study area. There currently are six data projects in Connecticut, five in Maine, four in Massachusetts, four in Rhode Island, and four in New Hampshire and Vermont. The remaining 59 of these projects are interpretive projects. Interpretive projects include research, aerial appraisal, and other hydrologic studies and include projects as diverse as (1) determining the direction of ground-water flow at a toxic site, (2) predicting the effect of acid rain on water quality of a reservoir, and (3) estimating yields of aquifers on Cape Cod. Of the interpretive projects, 26 are in Massachusetts, 17 in Connecticut, 17 are in New Hampshire and Vermont, 6 are in Maine, and 3 in Rhode Island. The report is compiled from project descriptions for fiscal year 1993. It briefly describes the water-resources activities and projects that were active in each District of the USGS, Water Resources Division, New England Program Area of September 30, 1993. Cooperator or funding source, problem statements, objectives, approaches, progress, and plans for next year are described for each project. The project area is located on a map of the appropriate State(s). The report contains a bibliography, by District and by author, of reports completed since 1977.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94339","usgsCitation":"Orlando, M., 1994, Water-resources activities in New England, fiscal year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-339, v, 134 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94339.","productDescription":"v, 134 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0339/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47085,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0339/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orlando, M.F.","contributorId":57475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17747,"text":"ofr9488 - 1994 - A summary of water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Iowa, fiscal year 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T14:55:54","indexId":"ofr9488","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-88","title":"A summary of water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Iowa, fiscal year 1994","docAbstract":"

Water-resources programs and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Iowa consist principally of hydrologic data collection and investigative studies that address water-resource issues. The work is supported by direct Federal funding, by transfer of funds from other Federal agencies, and by joint-funding agreements with State or local agencies.

\n

The Iowa District of the Geological Survey's Water Resources Division conducts its hydrologic work through a District Office in Iowa City and Field Headquarters in Iowa City, Council Bluffs, and Fort Dodge. The projects currently being conducted, as summarized in this report, are operated under the general categories of data collection and investigative studies.

\n

This report describes: (1) the organization of the Iowa District; (2) the hydrologic data-collection programs; and (3) the local, statewide, regional, or national hydrologic investigations conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in Iowa during fiscal year 1994. The report also lists reports published or released by the Iowa District since 1984.

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Water samples were collected in the San Francisco Bay estuary during 22 cruises from January through December 1993. Conductivity, temperature, light attenuation, turbidity, oxygen, and in-vivo fluorescence were measured 1ongitudinally and vertically in the main channel of the estuary from south of the Dumbarton Bridge in the southern part of the bay to Rio Vista on the Sacramento River. Discrete water samples were analyzed for chlorophyll a, phaeopigments, suspended particulate matter, and dissolved oxygen. Water density was calculated from values for salinity, temperature, and pressure (depth), and is included in the data summaries. Photosynthetic parameters, water column respiration, and phytoplankton species abundance and cell volume were determined at selected stations every other month.

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No abstract available.

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The occurrence and distribution of selected herbicides, atrazine metabolites, and nitrate were determined for near-surface aquifers (within 50 feet of land surface) in the corn- and soybean-producing region of the midcontinental United States. The study region included all or parts of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. Water samples were collected during the spring and summer of 1991 from 303 wells completed in near-surface unconsolidated and near-surface bedrock aquifers. At least one herbicide or atrazine metabolite was detected in 24 percent of 579 water samples analyzed for herbicides, based on a reporting limit of 0.05 microgram per liter. However, no herbicide concentration exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contaminant levels or health advisory levels for drinking water. The most frequently detected herbicide compound was desethylatrazine, an atrazine metabolite (18.1 percent), followed by atrazine (17.4 percent); deisopropylatrazine, an atrazine metabolite (5.7 percent); prometon (5.0 percent); metolachlor (2.7 percent); alachlor (1.7 percent); simazine (1.0 percent); metribuzin (1.0 percent); and cyanazine (0.7 percent). The herbicides ametryn, prometryn, propazine, and terbutryn were not detected during this study. Nitrate concentrations equal to or greater than 3.0 milligrams per liter (excess nitrate) were detected in 29 percent of the 599 nitrate analyses, and ammonium concentrations equal to or greater than 0.01 milligram per liter were detected in 78 percent of the 584 ammonium analyses. Nitrate concentrations equal to or greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contaminant level for drinking water of 10 milligrams per liter were found in 6 percent of the samples.

\n

The frequency of herbicide detection was, in part, affected by the analytical method's reporting limit. Results from this study show that the frequency of atrazine detection increases as the reporting limit decreases. Herbicide metabolite concentrations are critical to understanding the detection of herbicide residues. The frequency of detection of atrazine residue (atrazine + desethylatrazine + deisopropylatrazine) was 22.1 percent, which was more than the frequency of detection of atrazine alone (17.4 percent).

\n

Prometon was detected more frequently than every other herbicide except atrazine. The prometon appears to be derived from areas of nonagricultural land use, such as golf courses and residential areas. Herbicides and excess nitrate were both rarely detected in the eastern part of the study region, even though this is an area of intense herbicide and nitrogen-fertilizer use.

\n

Hydrogeologic factors, land use, agricultural practices, local features, and water chemistry were analyzed for possible relation to herbicide and excess-nitrate detections. Herbicides and excess nitrate were detected more frequently in near-surface unconsolidated aquifers than in nearsurface bedrock aquifers. The depth to the top of the aquifer was inversely related to the frequency of detection of herbicides and excess nitrate. The proximity of streams to sampled wells also affected the frequency of herbicide detection. Significant seasonal differences were determined for the frequency of herbicide detection, but not for the frequency of excess nitrate.

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Charles A. ckaehler@usgs.gov","contributorId":210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaehler","given":"Charles","email":"ckaehler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":144515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6866,"text":"fs01294 - 1994 - National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, Long Island-New Jersey (LINJ) Coastal Drainages Study Unit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T10:07:17","indexId":"fs01294","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"012-94","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, Long Island-New Jersey (LINJ) Coastal Drainages Study Unit","docAbstract":"

In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began its National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA ) program to (1) document the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation's water resources; (2) define water-quality trends; and (3) identify major factors that affect water quality. In addressing these goals, the program will produce information that will be useful to water policy makers and managers at National, State, and local levels.

Studies of 60 hydrologic systems that include parts of most major river and aquifer systems form the building blocks of the NAWQA program. Study units range in size from about 1,000 mi ² (square miles) to more than 60,000 mi² and represent 60 to 70 percent of the Nation's water use and population served by public water supply. The first 20 studies were begun in 1991; 20 more were begun in 1994, and the remaining 20 are to begin in 1997.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs01294","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., and Ayers, M.A., 1994, National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, Long Island-New Jersey (LINJ) Coastal Drainages Study Unit: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 012-94, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01294.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":898,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0012","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_012_94.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
609–771–3900
http://nj.usgs.gov

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6986bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1827,"text":"wsp2381C - 1994 - Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19293,"text":"ofr91238 - 1992 - Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987","indexId":"ofr91238","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1827,"text":"wsp2381C - 1994 - Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987","indexId":"wsp2381C","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T18:36:16.248829","indexId":"wsp2381C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2381","chapter":"C","title":"Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality was assessed in a 5,000-square-mile area of the High Plains aquifer in south-central Kansas that is susceptible to nonpoint-source contamination from agricultural and petroleum-production activities. Of particular interest was the presence of agricultural chemicals and petroleum-derived hydrocarbons that might have been associated with brines that formerly were disposed into unlined ponds. \r\n\r\nRandom sampling of ground water was done within a framework of discrete land-use areas (irrigated cropland, petroleum-production land containing former brine-disposal ponds, and undeveloped rangeland) of 3-10 square miles. Although true baseline water-quality conditions probably are rare, in this region they are represented most closely by ground water in areas of undeveloped rangeland. The sampling design enabled statistical hypothesis testing, using nonparametric procedures, of the effects of land use, unsaturated-zone lithology, and type of well sampled. \r\n\r\nResults indicate that regional ground-water quality has been affected by prevailing land-use activities, as shown by increased concentrations of several inorganic constituents. Ground water beneath irrigated cropland was characterized by significantly larger concentrations of hardness, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, potassium, fluofide, and nitrite plus nitrate than was water beneath undeveloped rangeland. Few nondegraded pesticides were detected in the aquifer, probably because of degradation and sorption. Atrazine was the most common, but only in small concentrations. round water beneath petroleum-production land was characterized by significantly larger concentrations of hardness, alkalinity, dissolved solids, sodium, and chloride than was water beneath undeveloped rangeland. Nonpoint-source contamination by oil-derived hydrocarbons was not discernible. The occurrences of trace organic compounds were similar between petroleum-production land and undeveloped rangeland, which indicates a natural origin for these compounds. \r\n\r\nThe unsaturated zone in the study area is lithologically heterogeneous and contains substantial amounts of clay that inhibit the downward movement of water and solutes. Within the aquifer, the rate of lateral regional flow and solute transport is slow enough so that the ground-water quality reflects overlying land use in discrete areas of several square miles, but it is still sufficiently rapid so that the type of well sampled is not important in regional characterizations of water quality beneath irrigated cropland; the seasonal pumping of irrigation wells does not appear to divert regional flow enough to cause substantial local anomalies of more mineralized ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2381C","usgsCitation":"Helgesen, J.O., Stullken, L.E., and Rutledge, A.T., 1994, Assessment of nonpoint-source contamination of the High Plains Aquifer in south-central Kansas, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2381, v, 51 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2381C.","productDescription":"v, 51 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2381c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27025,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2381c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"South-central Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.700439453125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -96.2841796875,\n 38.8824811975508\n ],\n [\n -101.700439453125,\n 38.8824811975508\n ],\n [\n -101.700439453125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671ef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helgesen, John O.","contributorId":101630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgesen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stullken, Lloyd E.","contributorId":60609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stullken","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4493,"text":"cir1120D - 1994 - Major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in the Mississippi River near Thebes, Illinois, July through September 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:50:45","indexId":"cir1120D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1120","chapter":"D","title":"Major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in the Mississippi River near Thebes, Illinois, July through September 1993","docAbstract":"

Extensive flooding in the upper Mississippi River Basin during summer 1993 had a significant effect on the water quality of the Mississippi River. To evaluate the change in temporal distribution and transport of dissolved constituents in the Mississippi River, six water samples were collected by a discharge-weighted method from July through September 1993 near Thebes, Illinois. Sampling at this location provided water-quality information from the upper Mississippi, the Missouri, and the Illinois River Basins.

Dissolved major constituents that were analyzed in each of the samples included bicarbonate, calcium (Ca), carbonate (C03), chloride (Cl), dissolved organic carbon, magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), silica NOD, sodium (Na), and sulfate (S04). Dissolved nutrients included ammonium ion (NH4), nitrate (N03), nitrite (N02), and orthophosphate (P04) . Dissolved trace elements included aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), boron (B), beryllium (Be), bromide (Br), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt, (Co), copper (Cu), fluoride (F), iron (Fe), lead, lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), strontium (Sr), thallium, uranium (U), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn). Other physical properties of water that were measured included specific conductance, pH and suspended-sediment concentration (particle size, less than 63 micrometers).

Results of this study indicated that large quantities of dissolved constituents were transported through the river system. Generally, pH, alkalinity, and specific conductance and the concentrations of B, Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, K, Li, Mg, Mo, Na, S04, Sr, U, and V increased as water discharge decreased, while concentrations of F, Hg, and suspended sediment sharply decreased as water discharge decreased after the crest of the flood. Concentrations of other constituents, such as Al, As, Ba, Be, Co, Cu, Ni, N03, N02, NH4, P04, and Si02, varied with time as discharge decreased after the crest of the flood.

For most constituents, the load transported during floods generally is much greater than that transported during low-flow conditions. How ever, for Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, V, and Zn, loads increased substantially as water discharge decreased after the crest of the flood.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1120D","usgsCitation":"Taylor, H.E., Antweiler, R.C., Brinton, T.I., Roth, D.A., and Moody, J.A., 1994, Major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in the Mississippi River near Thebes, Illinois, July through September 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1120, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1120D.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":538,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1120-d","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1120_D.bmp"}],"country":"United 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jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5238,"text":"fs03094 - 1994 - National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, Long Island-New Jersey (LINJ) Coastal Drainages Study Unit : Scope of the Long Island-New Jersey Coastal Drainages Study-Unit investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T10:04:28","indexId":"fs03094","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"030-94","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, Long Island-New Jersey (LINJ) Coastal Drainages Study Unit : Scope of the Long Island-New Jersey Coastal Drainages Study-Unit investigation","docAbstract":"

Scope of the Long Island-New Jersey Coastal Drainages Study-Unit Investigation

In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to document the status of and trends in quality of a large representative part of the Nation's water resources and to provide a sound scientific understanding of the primary natural and human factors that affect the quality of these resources. The program is designed to produce long-term, consistent water-quality information that will be useful to policymakers and managers at national, State, and local levels.

Investigations of 60 hydrologic systems (study units), which include parts of most major river basins and aquifer systems in the United States, are the building blocks of NAWQA. A framework has been established to ensure nationwide consistency in the approach to each study--in field and laboratory methods, in water-quality measurements, and in the supporting data requirements. Twenty studies were started in 1991, 20 more have begun in 1994, and 20 are scheduled to begin in 1997.

A major design feature of the program that will facilitate integration of water-quality information at national, regional, and local scales is coordination between the individual study-unit teams and the national synthesis effort at all stages of the investigations. Thus, results that relate to various topics addressed in the study-unit investigations will be integrated smoothly into NAWQA's national synthesis component. Teams have been developed to address the following topics of national importance: pesticides, nutrients, and volatile organic compounds. These teams are investigating the specific issues by means of comparative studies of a large set of hydrologic systems distributed over a wide range of environmental settings found in the 60 study-units.

The information below summarizes the goals and scope of the NAWQA Program and the Long Island-New Jersey Coastal Drainages study, which began in 1994.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs03094","usgsCitation":"Ayers, M.A., 1994, National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, Long Island-New Jersey (LINJ) Coastal Drainages Study Unit : Scope of the Long Island-New Jersey Coastal Drainages Study-Unit investigation: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 030-94, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03094.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_030_94.jpg"},{"id":135,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0030","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
609–771–3900
http://nj.usgs.gov

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6986c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23963,"text":"ofr9491 - 1994 - Bibliography of publications from the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-13T13:25:17","indexId":"ofr9491","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-91","title":"Bibliography of publications from the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey began the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program in 1982 to study, in an interdisciplinary\natmosphere, the fate and effects of toxic substances in the environment. The objective of the Program\nis to provide the earth-science information needed to prevent or mitigate contamination of the Nation's ground\nand surface waters. To achieve this goal, research is conducted in four categories--focused field investigations\nof contaminated sites, additional research on toxic substances hydrology, development of methods to study or\nsample contaminated waters, and investigations of nonpoint sources of contamination. This report contains citations\nof reports on research conducted under the auspices of the Program from the beginning of the Program\nthrough the end of 1993.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","doi":"10.3133/ofr9491","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Morganwalp, D.W., 1994, Bibliography of publications from the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-91, iv, 156 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9491.","productDescription":"iv, 156 p.","numberOfPages":"161","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0091/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279458,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0091/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morganwalp, David W. dwmorgan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morganwalp","given":"David","email":"dwmorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":191050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70195437,"text":"70195437 - 1994 - Secondary minerals and acid mine-water chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T08:18:26","indexId":"70195437","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5629,"text":"Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Volumes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"22","title":"Secondary minerals and acid mine-water chemistry","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geochemistry of sulfide mine-wastes (Short course handbook, vol. 22)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineral Association of Canada","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Blowes, D., Nordstrom, D.K., and Jambor, J., 1994, Secondary minerals and acid mine-water chemistry, chap. of Environmental geochemistry of sulfide mine-wastes (Short course handbook, vol. 22): Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Volumes, p. 247-270.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351660,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/index.php?p=25#SC22-E"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2321e4b0da30c1bfd64a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Blowes, D.W","contributorId":195353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blowes","given":"D.W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728606,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jambor, J.L.","contributorId":107460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jambor","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728607,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blowes, D.W","contributorId":195353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blowes","given":"D.W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jambor, J.L.","contributorId":107460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jambor","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017547,"text":"70017547 - 1994 - Development of saline seeps in Southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70017547","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of saline seeps in Southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Saline seeps are an increasingly serious problem in semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States. They result when excessive recharge of the shallow ground water in soils raises the water table locally to within one meter of the land surface, and the salinity of the shallow water is increased through evaporation. In this connection, a comprehensive study is being undertaken in Oklahoma and Texas to determine the geologic setting, hydrology, soils, land use, and history of saline-seep development.","largerWorkTitle":"National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Water Down Under 1994 Conference. Part 3 (of 3)","conferenceDate":"21 November 1994 through 25 November 1994","conferenceLocation":"Adelaide, Aust","language":"English","publisher":"IE Aust","publisherLocation":"Crows Nest, NSW","issn":"03136922","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., 1994, Development of saline seeps in Southwestern United States, in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, v. 2, Adelaide, Aust, 21 November 1994 through 25 November 1994.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0062e4b0c8380cd4f72c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536371,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth S.","contributorId":31541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70134540,"text":"70134540 - 1994 - Lake Michigan's late Quaternary limnological and climate history from ostracode, oxygen isotope, and magnetic susceptibility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T13:03:43","indexId":"70134540","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Michigan's late Quaternary limnological and climate history from ostracode, oxygen isotope, and magnetic susceptibility","docAbstract":"

The limnology of Lake Michigan has changed dramatically since the late Pleistocene in response to the expansion and contraction of continental glaciers, to differential isostatic rebound, and to climate change. The lake sediment's stratigraphic trends, magnetic susceptibility, δ18O, and ostracode species abundance ratios provide criteria to identify the lake's response to glacial ice and to differential isostatic rebound. The latter phenomena dominate the lake's late Pleistocene and early Holocene history. The lake's hydrological budget provides the primary linkage between the lake and climate, particularly effective moisture. Dissolved salts were stored in the lake's water column when the lake's output shifted toward evaporation, but were flushed when output shifted toward outflow. The lake's salt storage history may be interpreted from some ostracode, δ18O, and magnetic susceptibility records found in sediment cores. Climate change influenced the entire lake's limnological history, but became the primary limnological driver from about the middle-Holocene to the present. The complex limnological history of Lake Michigan resulted in substantial changes in the ostracode species assemblages; from about 12,000 ka to about 5,500 ka, five ostracode intervals can be identified. These ostracode intervals provide a within-lake biostratigraphy and a stratigraphic reference for reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental dynamics of the lake.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(94)71134-5","usgsCitation":"Forester, R.M., Colman, S.M., Reynolds, R.L., and Keigwin, L.D., 1994, Lake Michigan's late Quaternary limnological and climate history from ostracode, oxygen isotope, and magnetic susceptibility: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 20, no. 1, p. 93-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(94)71134-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"107","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": 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Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keigwin, Loyd D.","contributorId":46790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keigwin","given":"Loyd","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":54648,"text":"wdrMARI931 - 1994 - Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T17:56:31.122207","indexId":"wdrMARI931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MA-RI-93-1","title":"Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1993","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1993 water year for Massachusetts and Rhode Island consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report contains discharge records for 77 gaging stations, month end contents of five lakes and reservoirs, water quality at 10 gaging stations, and water levels for 137 observation wells. Data also are included for 59 low-flow partial-record stations. Miscellaneous hydrologic data were collected at various sites that were not a part of the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous discharge measurements and quality of ground water. A few pertinent stations in bordering States are also included in this report. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMARI931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the States of Massachusetts and Rhode Island and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Gadoury, R., Socolow, R., Girouard, G., and Ramsbey, L., 1994, Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MA-RI-93-1, xvi, 266 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMARI931.","productDescription":"xvi, 266 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/mari-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":496117,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/mari-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.50297488831188,\n 42.97016577848564\n ],\n [\n -73.50297488831188,\n 41.11994266161375\n ],\n [\n -69.8918541821574,\n 41.11994266161375\n ],\n [\n -69.8918541821574,\n 42.97016577848564\n ],\n [\n -73.50297488831188,\n 42.97016577848564\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb6c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gadoury, R.S.","contributorId":88030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadoury","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Socolow, R.S.","contributorId":17639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolow","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Girouard, G.G.","contributorId":88017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girouard","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramsbey, L.R.","contributorId":78393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsbey","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":232,"text":"wsp2415 - 1994 - Selected contributions to ground-water hydrology by C.V. Theis, and a review of his life and work","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:39:23","indexId":"wsp2415","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2415","title":"Selected contributions to ground-water hydrology by C.V. Theis, and a review of his life and work","docAbstract":"This publication highlights two previously unpublished papers by C.V. Theis; each is augmented with a discussion that explains why he wrote the paper, attempts to discern why he did not publish the paper, and amplifies the information with reference material not included by Theis. \r\n\r\n'A Primer on Anisotropy' was written in the early 1970's to provide practicing hydrogeologists of the day with a method of analyzing ground-water problems involving anisotropic hydraulic-conductivity distribution without using tensor mathematics. The equations were developed for horizontal flow through dipping beds with differing conductivities parallel and perpendicular to the bedding and for flow through dipping beds having three different hydraulic conductivities, one perpendicular to the bedding and two others parallel to the bedding, at an angle to the strike of the beds. \r\n\r\nAlthough most colleagues who reviewed the primer in the early 1970's encouraged its publication enthusiastically, at least one suggested the addition of some examples in which the method would be demonstrated. Handwritten notes from Theis' files indicate that he may have worked on some examples and possibly other additions to the paper. The comments by Charles A. Appel include some examples of the primer's use and augment the presentation with references to relevant published papers, both those available to Theis but not cited by him, and subsequent publications. \r\n\r\n'Aquifers, Ground-Water Bodies, and Hydrophers' was written in the early 1980's as an attempt to clarify the semantic and conceptual confusion in the use of the term aquifer, applied by some investigators to the saturated part of a permeable formation and by others to the entire permeable formation. The physical distinction between the aquifer and the ground-water body is emphasized, and the term hydropher is proposed to describe the saturated part of a permeable formation. Theis' interest in and familiarity with the French literature on ground water was the basis for a discussion of the French usage, which eschews the term aquifer. The analysis and critique of Theis' palzler explains the 1835 paper from which aquifer was reportedly derived, and provides further justification for the term hydropher. \r\n\r\nTheis' more important contributions to ground-water hydrology were outgrowths of his solutions to small local water problems based on field investigations. The biographical sketch, drawing extensively from a partial autobiography that Theis had dictated, reveals both the reasons for and the intellectual processes that led to his development of the nonequilibrium concept of ground-water hydraulics. The sketch also describes the background of the man, reviews his career, and portrays the admiration and respect he elicited from his colleagues and associates. \r\n\r\nThe magnitude of Theis' contribution to the science of ground-water hydrology, to the appraisal of the water resources of New Mexico, and to the early research on ground disposal of radioactive wastes is evident from the bibliography of his writings, which includes 168 reports, many of them unpublished. The evolution of his thinking about the role of geologic inhomogeneities in mass transport, conceptualized but not quantified, was the major contribution of the latter part of his career.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2415","usgsCitation":"contributions by Theis, C.V., Appel, C.A., Clebsch, A., and White, R.A., 1994, Selected contributions to ground-water hydrology by C.V. Theis, and a review of his life and work: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2415, vi, 70 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2415.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2415/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24842,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2415/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa5f4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Clebsch, Alfred","contributorId":57047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clebsch","given":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730998,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"contributions by Theis, C. V.","contributorId":80651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"contributions by Theis","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appel, Charles A.","contributorId":14376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appel","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clebsch, Alfred","contributorId":57047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clebsch","given":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Robert A.","contributorId":20307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29848,"text":"wri944028 - 1994 - Potential effects of the Hawaii Geothermal Project on ground-water resources on the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-08T09:09:02","indexId":"wri944028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4028","title":"Potential effects of the Hawaii Geothermal Project on ground-water resources on the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"In 1990, the State of Hawaii proposed the Hawaii Geothermal Project for the development of as much as 500 MW of electric power from the geothermal system in the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano. This report uses data from 31 wells and 8 springs to describe the properties of the ground-water system in and adjacent to the East Rift Zone. Potential effects of this project on ground-water resources are also discussed. Data show differences in ground-water chemistry and heads within the study area that appear to be related to mixing of waters of different origins and ground-water impoundment by volcanic dikes. East of Pahoa, the ground-water system within the rift is highly transmissive and receives abundant recharge from precipitation; therefore, the pumping of freshwater to support geothermal development in that part of the rift zone would have a minimal effect on ground-water levels. To the southwest of Pahoa, dike impoundment reduces the transmissivity of the ground-water system to such an extent that wells might not be capable of supplying sufficient fresh water to support geothermal operations. Contamination of ground-water resources by accidental release of geothermal fluids into shallow aquifers is possible because of corrosive conditions in the geothermal wells, potential well blowouts, and high ground-water velocities in parts of the region. Hydrologic monitoring of water level, temperature, and chemistry in observation wells should continue throughout development of geothermal resources for the Hawaii Geothermal Project for early detection of leakage and migration of geothermal fluids within the groundwater system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944028","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., and Colvard, E., 1994, Potential effects of the Hawaii Geothermal Project on ground-water resources on the island of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4028, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944028.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58657,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c242","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colvard, E.M.","contributorId":83553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvard","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}