Equations for estimating the 7-day, 2-year and 7-day, 10-year low flows at sites on ungaged streams are presented. Regression analysis was used to develop equations relating basin characteristics and low-flow characteristics at 82 gaging stations. Significant basin characteristics in the equations are contributing drainage area and flow-duration ratio, which is the 20-percent flow duration divided by the 90-percent flow duration. Flow-duration ratio has been regionalized for Indiana on a plate in this report. Ratios for use in the equations are obtained from this plate. Drainage areas are determined from maps or are obtained from reports.
The predictive capability of the method was determined by tests of the equations and of the flow-duration ratios on the plate. The accuracy of the equations alone was tested by estimating the low-flow characteristics at 82 gaging stations where flow-duration ratio is already known. In this case, the standard errors of estimate for 7-day, 2-year and 7-day, 10-year low flows are 19 and 28 percent. When flow-duration ratios for the 82 gaging stations are obtained from the map, the standard errors are 46 and 61 percent. However, when stations with drainage areas less than 10 square miles are excluded from the test, the standard errors reduce to 38 and 49 percent. Standard errors increase when stations with small basins are included, probably because some of the flow-duration ratios obtained for these small basins are incorrect. Local geology and its effect on the ratio are not adequately reflected on the plate, which shows the regional variation in flow-duration ratio. In all the tests, no bias is apparent areally, with increasing drainage area or with increasing ratio.
Guidelines and limitations should be considered when using the method. The method can he applied only at sites in the northern and the central physiographic zones of the State. Low-flow characteristics cannot be estimated for regulated streams unless the amount of regulation is known so that the estimated low-flow characteristic can be adjusted. The method is most accurate for sites with drainage areas ranging from 10 to 1,000 square miles and for predictions of 7-day, 10-year low flows ranging from 0.5 to 340 cubic feet per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86323","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana State Board of Health","usgsCitation":"Arihood, L.D., and Glatfelter, D.R., 1986, Method for estimating low-flow characteristics of ungaged streams in Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-323, Report: iv, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 24.76 x 40.71 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86323.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 24.76 x 40.71 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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D.","contributorId":71123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":12988,"text":"ofr86178 - 1986 - PETAL2, PEnetration Testing and Liquefaction, an interactive computer program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:55","indexId":"ofr86178","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-178","title":"PETAL2, PEnetration Testing and Liquefaction, an interactive computer program","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86178","usgsCitation":"Chen, A., 1986, PETAL2, PEnetration Testing and Liquefaction, an interactive computer program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-178, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86178.","productDescription":"31 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0178/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41453,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0178/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, A.T.","contributorId":25951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12986,"text":"ofr86510 - 1986 - The Orphan Lode Mine, Grand Canyon, Arizona; a case history of a mineralized, collapse-breccia pipe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:55","indexId":"ofr86510","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-510","title":"The Orphan Lode Mine, Grand Canyon, Arizona; a case history of a mineralized, collapse-breccia pipe","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86510","usgsCitation":"Chenoweth, W., 1986, The Orphan Lode Mine, Grand Canyon, Arizona; a case history of a mineralized, collapse-breccia pipe: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-510, 125 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86510.","productDescription":"125 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0510/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41451,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0510/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chenoweth, W.L.","contributorId":107295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chenoweth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12381,"text":"ofr8583 - 1986 - Annotated bibliography of the hydrology, geology, and geothermal research of the Jemez Mountains and vicinity, north-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T21:51:53.339123","indexId":"ofr8583","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-83","title":"Annotated bibliography of the hydrology, geology, and geothermal research of the Jemez Mountains and vicinity, north-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Jemez Mountains volcanic complex, located in north-central New Mexico at the intersection of the Rio Grande rift and Jemez lineament, is a potential location for geothermal energy exploration. This bibliography lists selected papers pertaining to the geology, hydrology, geochemistry, geothermometry, geophysics, ecology, and geothermal and hydrologic modeling aspects of the Jemez region. The bibliography is composed of 795 citations with annotations and a subject and author index. 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The water resources program of the Mid-Atlantic District is conducted from offices located at seven sites in the three states. The program consists of two elements: Collection of basic records concerning quantitative and qualitative data for streams, reservoirs, estuaries, and groundwater; and interpretative investigations based on the water facts collected in the basic data activities. The organization and activities of the Mid-Atlantic District are described. Projects that were active during 1984, 1985, or 1986 are summarized with a listing of reports of results of water resources studies in the District that were approved between January 1980 and June 1986. 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J.","contributorId":108124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGreevy","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hyatt, G.J.","contributorId":48979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyatt","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cockey, E.J.","contributorId":90739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockey","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":12369,"text":"ofr86141 - 1986 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico, fiscal year 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:39","indexId":"ofr86141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-141","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New Mexico, fiscal year 1986","docAbstract":"All U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic investigations in the New Mexico District in progress during fiscal year 1986 are summarized. The summaries include sections on the problem addressed, the objective and approach of the investigation, progress of the investigation and plans for 1986 fiscal year, and reports published as a result of the investigation. Water conditions in New Mexico during the 1985 water year are briefly described. Reports released during 1985 are listed. The New Mexico District office organization, cooperating agencies, and types of funding for the District operation are also summarized. 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An integral part of the Survey 's mission is to conduct investigations of the Nation 's land, mineral, and water resources, and to publish and disseminate the information needed to understand, to plan the use of, and to manage these resources. The activities fall into eight broad categories: collection of hydrologic data; water resources investigations and assessments; basic and problem-oriented hydrologic and water related research; acquisition of information useful in predicting and delineating water related natural hazards; coordination of the activities of all Federal agencies in the acquisition of water data, and operation of water information centers; dissemination of data and the results of investigations; provision of scientific and technical assistance in hydrologic studies; and the administration of the State Water Resources Research Institute Program and the National Water Resources Research Grant Program. 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This is achieved through jointly funded programs with state, county, municipal, and other Federal agencies. The Geological Survey conducted 37 water resources investigations in New York during 1985-86, several of which are continuous. This report describes each project in terms of problems, objectives, progress to date, and future plans and gives the period of funding, project chief, principal coordinating agency, field location, and completed reports. It also lists all reports resulting from the Survey 's water resources studies in New York during 1982-86. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86146","usgsCitation":"Finch, A.J., and Durocher, S., 1986, Water-resources activities in New York, 1985-86: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-146, iv, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86146.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0146/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40598,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cbe4b07f02db543721","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, A. J. 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These activities are: (1) Data collection and dissemination; (2) Water-resources appraisals (interpretive studies); and (3) Research. Activities described in some detail following: (1) collection of surface - and groundwater data; (2) operation of stations to collect data on water quality, atmospheric deposition, and sedimentation; (3) flood investigations; (4) water use; (5) small area flood hydrology; (6) feasibility of disposal of radioactive disposal in deep crystalline rocks; (7) development of a groundwater model for the Louisville area; (8) travel times for streams in the Kentucky River Basin; (9) the impact of sinkholes and streams on groundwater flow in a carbonate aquifer system; (10) sedimentation and erosion rates at the Maxey Flats Radioactive Waste Burial site; and (11) evaluation of techniques for evaluating the cumulative impacts of mining as applied to coal fields in Kentucky. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8671","usgsCitation":"Faust, R.J., 1986, Water resources activities in Kentucky, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-71, iv, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8671.","productDescription":"iv, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40595,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faust, R. J. 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These activities are part of the Federal program of appraising the Nation 's water resources. Water resources appraisals in Florida are highly diversified, ranging from hydrologic records networks to interpretive appraisals of water resources and applied research to develop investigative techniques. Thus, water resource investigations range from basic descriptive water-availability studies for areas of low-intensity water development and management to sophisticated cause and effect studies in areas of high-intensity water development and management. The interpretive reports and records that are products of the investigations are a principal hydrologic foundation upon which the plans for development, management, and protection of Florida 's water resources may be based. 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