On March 12, 2019, Congress passed the John D. Dingell, Jr., Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act (Public Law 116–9; 133 Stat. 580), in which Title V, §5001 (43 U.S.C. 31k) authorized the establishment of the National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System (NVEWS) within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Conceived by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program in 2005, NVEWS is designed to be a proactive, fully integrated national-scale volcano monitoring system to ensure that the 161 potentially active volcanoes in the United States and its territories are monitored at levels commensurate with the threat they pose. The core of this report is the first USGS NVEWS five-year management plan, which was presented to Congress on March 12, 2020, and which details the principal elements of NVEWS that will be developed over the next five years, pending sufficient funding. These elements are improvements and enhancements to the monitoring network, a National Volcano Data Center, an external grants activity, an Advisory Committee, an Implementation Committee, and partnerships, with estimated cost projections and annual milestones.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211092","usgsCitation":"Cervelli, P.F., Mandeville, C.W., Avery, V.F., and Wilkins, A.M., 2021, Five-year management plan for establishing and operating NVEWS—The National Volcano Early Warning System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1092, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211092.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-117913","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390179,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1092/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390180,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1092/ofr20211092.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1092"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northern Mariana Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 143.08593749999997,\n 13.410994034321702\n ],\n [\n 146.513671875,\n 13.410994034321702\n ],\n [\n 146.513671875,\n 16.720385051694\n ],\n [\n 143.08593749999997,\n 16.720385051694\n ],\n [\n 143.08593749999997,\n 13.410994034321702\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.55468749999997,\n 17.476432197195518\n ],\n [\n -153.28125,\n 17.476432197195518\n ],\n [\n -153.28125,\n 22.755920681486405\n ],\n [\n -158.55468749999997,\n 22.755920681486405\n ],\n [\n -158.55468749999997,\n 17.476432197195518\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 31.20340495091737\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 31.20340495091737\n ],\n [\n -105.1171875,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 31.20340495091737\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.328125,\n 69.83962194067463\n ],\n [\n -149.765625,\n 70.95969716686398\n ],\n [\n -155.91796874999997,\n 71.30079291637452\n ],\n [\n -162.94921875,\n 70.4367988185464\n ],\n [\n -166.640625,\n 68.52823492039876\n ],\n [\n -167.34375,\n 65.6582745198266\n ],\n [\n -165.41015625,\n 62.186013857194226\n ],\n [\n -165.41015625,\n 60.23981116999893\n ],\n [\n -164.00390625,\n 58.53959476664049\n ],\n [\n -164.53125,\n 56.07203547180089\n ],\n [\n -164.35546875,\n 53.85252660044951\n ],\n [\n -152.75390624999997,\n 56.84897198026975\n ],\n [\n -149.4140625,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -143.96484375,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -137.4609375,\n 57.42129439209407\n ],\n [\n -131.66015625,\n 52.3755991766591\n ],\n [\n -130.60546875,\n 53.4357192066942\n ],\n [\n -131.66015625,\n 57.326521225217064\n ],\n [\n -136.58203125,\n 59.88893689676585\n ],\n [\n -140.625,\n 60.50052541051131\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 69.83962194067463\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Hazards Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Contact Volcano Hazards Program
","tableOfContents":"Retaliatory killing of large carnivores due to livestock predation is one of the major threats for the conservation of many declining populations of predators. According to empirical observations, there is a higher incidence of livestock predation when native prey abundance is low. In this study, we applied a treatment consisting of augmentation of prey abundance by translocation of peccaries (Pecari tajacu) and placement of four feed stations for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on a cattle ranch in Sonora, Mexico, with verified calf predation by puma (Puma concolor) and jaguar (Panthera onca). We quantified and compared consumed prey over two periods—phase I (8 months before the augmentation of prey) and phase II (8 months after the augmentation of prey)—through investigation of kill sites from Global Positioning System–collared jaguar and puma, prey identification from analyzed scat using molecular DNA techniques, and opportunistic discoveries of recently killed animal remains by either predator. We calculated the relative abundance of species (17 mammals [one species with two distinct age classes] and 1 bird species) through camera traps and for the most relevant prey species for this study (deer, calf, and peccary), we also estimated prey use by the predator, based on their availability during each period (prey preference). In the prey composition analyses of scat, we observed a significant reduction in the consumption of bovids and a significant increase in the consumption of peccaries during phase II. In the analyses of prey use, during phase I, predators consumed peccaries and calves at a higher proportion in relation to their availability. During phase II, consumption of calves declined from being preferred, to being consumed at the same proportion as their availability. Application of these results can contribute to the decrease of livestock predation and therefore conservation of pumas and jaguars.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.2.123","usgsCitation":"Cassaigne, I., Thompson, R.W., Medellin, R., Culver, M., Ochoa, A., Vargas, K., Childs, J.L., Galaz, M., and Sanderson, J., 2021, Augmentation of natural prey reduces cattle predation by puma (Puma concolor) and jaguar (Panthera onca) on a ranch in Sonora, Mexico: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 65, no. 2, p. 123-130, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.2.123.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"130","ipdsId":"IP-130984","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.55429077148438,\n 29.545982511818\n ],\n [\n -109.42588806152342,\n 29.545982511818\n ],\n [\n -109.42588806152342,\n 29.656432596919352\n ],\n [\n -109.55429077148438,\n 29.656432596919352\n ],\n [\n -109.55429077148438,\n 29.545982511818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cassaigne, Ivonne","contributorId":287196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cassaigne","given":"Ivonne","affiliations":[{"id":61499,"text":"pc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Ron W.","contributorId":170001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24784,"text":"Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 West Carefree Highway, Phoenix, Arizona 85086, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Medellin, Rodrigo A.","contributorId":77456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medellin","given":"Rodrigo A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":197693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ochoa, Alexander","contributorId":169994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ochoa","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17653,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vargas, Karla","contributorId":173306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vargas","given":"Karla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Childs, Jack L.","contributorId":147124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Childs","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Galaz, Manuel","contributorId":288670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galaz","given":"Manuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sanderson, Jim","contributorId":173307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanderson","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70225553,"text":"70225553 - 2021 - Evaluating lava flow propagation models with a case study from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T12:33:32.523635","indexId":"70225553","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-05T07:31:49","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating lava flow propagation models with a case study from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"The 2018 lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea, Hawai’i, provides an excellent natural laboratory with which to test models of lava flow propagation. During early stages of eruption crises, the most useful lava flow propagation equations utilize readily determined parameters and require fewer a priori assumptions about future behavior of the flow. Here, we leverage the numerous observations of lava flows collected over the duration of the eruption crisis at Kīlauea in 2018 to test simple lava flow propagation models. These models track the one-dimensional propagation of the flows according to three main rheological restraining forces: bulk viscosity, yield strength, and growth of a surface crust. We calculate the predicted changes in length through time of three flows that vary in bulk composition, crystal content, and total flow length. Cooler flows that are more crystal-rich tend to be more dominated by crust growth, though early stages of propagation can be controlled by bulk viscosity. We find that variations in effusion rate significantly impact flows that are short-lived; flows that are produced during steady-state effusion are readily approximated by average values for the entire flow. Thus, accurate knowledge of variations in effusion rate are critical to accurate lava flow propagation forecasting.
Land-use land-cover change (LULCC) has become an important topic of research for the central United States because of the extensive conversion of the natural prairie into agricultural land, especially in the northern Great Plains. As a result, shifts in the natural climate (minimum/maximum temperature, precipitation, etc.) across the north-central United States have been observed, as noted within the Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report. Thus, it is necessary to understand how further LULCC will affect the near-surface atmosphere, the lower troposphere, and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) atmosphere over this region. The goal of this work was to investigate the utility of a new future land-use land-cover (LULC) dataset within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system. The present study utilizes a modeled future land-use dataset developed by the Forecasting Scenarios of Land-Use Change (FORE-SCE) model to investigate the influence of future (2050) land use on a simulated PBL development within the WRF Model. Three primary areas of LULCC were identified within the FORE-SCE future LULC dataset across Nebraska and South Dakota. Variations in LULC between the 2005 LULC control simulation and four FORE-SCE simulations affected near-surface temperature (0.5°–1°C) and specific humidity (0.3–0.5 g kg−1). The differences noted in the temperature and moisture fields affected the development of the simulated PBL, leading to variations in PBL height and convective available potential energy. Overall, utilizing the FORE-SCE dataset within WRF produced notable differences relative to the control simulation over areas of LULCC represented in the FORE-SCE dataset.
Climate-influenced changes in hydrology affect water-food-energy security that may impact up to two billion people downstream of the High Mountain Asia (HMA) region. Changes in water supply affect energy, industry, transportation, and ecosystems (agriculture, fisheries) and as a result, also affect the region's social, environmental, and economic fabrics. Sustaining the highly interconnected food-energy-water nexus (FEWN) will be a fundamental and increasing challenge under a changing climate regime. High variability in topography and distribution of glaciated and snow-covered areas in the HMA region, and scarcity of high resolution (in-situ) data make it difficult to model and project climate change impacts on individual watersheds. We lack basic understanding of the spatial and temporal variations in climate, surface impurities in snow and ice such as black carbon and dust that alter surface albedo, and glacier mass balance and dynamics. These knowledge gaps create challenges in predicting where and when the impact of changes in river flow will be the most significant economically and ecologically. In response to these challenges, the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) established the High Mountain Asia Team (HiMAT) in 2016 to conduct research to address knowledge gaps. This paper summarizes some of the advances HiMAT made over the past 5 years, highlights the scientific challenges in improving our understanding of the hydrology of the HMA region, and introduces an integrated assessment framework to assess the impacts of climate changes on the FEWN for the HMA region. The framework, developed under a NASA HMA project, links climate models, hydrology, hydropower, fish biology, and economic analysis. The framework could be applied to develop scientific understanding of spatio-temporal variability in water availability and the resultant downstream impacts on the FEWN to support water resource management under a changing climate regime.
Groundwater depletion is a major threat to agricultural and municipal water supply in California's Central Valley. Recent droughts during 2007–2009 and 2012–2016 exacerbated chronic groundwater depletion. However, it is unclear how much groundwater storage recovered from drought-related overdrafts during post-drought years, and how climatic conditions and water management affected recovery times. We estimated groundwater storage change in the Central Valley for April 2002 through September 2019 using four methods: GRACE satellite data, a water balance approach, a hydrologic simulation model, and monitoring wells. We also evaluated the sensitivity of drought recovery to different climate scenarios (recent climate ± droughts and future climate change scenarios: 20 GCMs and 2 RCPs) using water balance method and statistical sampling of historical climate data. Estimated Central Valley groundwater loss during the two droughts ranged from 19 km3 (2007–2009) to 28 km3 (2012–2016) (median of four methods). Median aquifer storage recovery was 34% and 19% of the overdraft during the 2010–2011 and 2017–2019 post-drought years, respectively. Numerical experiments show that recovery times are sensitive to climate forcing, with longer recovery times for a future climate scenario that replicate historical climatology relative to historical forcing with no droughts. Overdraft recovery times decrease by ∼2× with implementation of pumping restrictions (30th to 50th percentiles of historical groundwater depletion) to constrain groundwater depletion relative to no restrictions with a no-drought future climatology. This study highlights the importance of considering water management implications for future drought recoveries within the context of climate change scenarios.
Successful wildlife management depends upon coordination and consultation with local communities. However, much of the research used to inform management is often derived solely from data collected directly from wildlife. Indigenous people living in the Arctic have a close connection to their environment, which provides unique opportunities to observe their environment and the ecology of Arctic species. Further, most northern Arctic communities occur within the range of polar bears (nanuq, Ursus maritimus) and have experienced significant climatic changes. Here, we used semi-structured interviews from 2017 to 2019 to document Iñupiaq knowledge of polar bears observed over four decades in four Alaskan communities in the range of the Southern Beaufort Sea polar bear subpopulation: Wainwright, Utqiaġvik, Nuiqsut, and Kaktovik. All but one of 47 participants described directional and notable changes in sea ice, including earlier ice breakup, later ice return, thinner ice, and less multiyear pack ice. These changes corresponded with observations of bears spending more time on land during the late summer and early fall in recent decades—observations consistent with scientific and Indigenous knowledge studies in Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. Participants noted that polar bear and seal body condition and local abundance either varied geographically or exhibited no patterns. However, participants described a recent phenomenon of bears being exhausted and lethargic when arriving on shore in the summer and fall after extensive swims from the pack ice. Further, several participants suggested that maternal denning is occurring more often on land than sea ice. Participants indicated that village and regional governments are increasingly challenged to obtain resources needed to keep their communities safe as polar bears spend more time on land, an issue that is likely to be exacerbated both in this region and elsewhere as sea ice loss continues.
The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano produced large and destructive lava flows from the fissure 8 (Ahu ‘aila ‘au) vent with flow velocities up to 17 m s−1, highly variable effusion rates over both short (minutes) and long (hours) time scales, and a proximal channel or spillway that displayed flow features similar to open channel flow in river systems. Monitoring such dynamic vent and lava flow systems is a challenge. Our results demonstrate that infrasound, combined with ground-based observations and imagery from unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS), can be used to distinguish vent degassing activity from high-speed lava flow activity. We use spectral characteristics and the infrasound frequency index (FI) to distinguish spillway infrasound from vent infrasound. Comparing FI with flow speeds derived from UAS videos reveals that spillway infrasound only occurs when flow speeds were sufficiently high to cause a supercritical flow state and breaking waves (Froude values > 1.7), and we propose that the spillway signals are produced primarily through the interaction of the turbulent lava-free surface with the atmosphere. We show that FI can also provide a means to track bulk effusion rate. Our results indicate that infrasound offers a new way to characterize lava flow channel hydraulics and is a powerful tool for monitoring effusive eruptions when high-speed flows are possible.
The spatial distribution and depth of permafrost are changing in response to warming and landscape disturbance across northern Arctic and boreal regions. This alters the infiltration, flow, surface and subsurface distribution, and hydrologic connectivity of inland waters. Such changes in the water cycle consequently alter the source, transport, and biogeochemical cycling of aquatic carbon (C), its role in the production and emission of greenhouse gases, and C delivery to inland waters and the Arctic Ocean. Responses to permafrost thaw across heterogeneous boreal landscapes will be neither spatially uniform nor synchronous, thus giving rise to expressions of low to medium confidence in predicting hydrologic and aquatic C response despite very high confidence in projections of widespread near-surface permafrost disappearance as described in the 2019 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate: Polar Regions. Here, we describe the state of the science regarding mechanisms and factors that influence aquatic C and hydrologic responses to permafrost thaw. Through synthesis of recent topical field and modeling studies and evaluation of influential landscape characteristics, we present a framework for assessing vulnerabilities of northern permafrost landscapes to specific modes of thaw affecting local to regional hydrology and aquatic C biogeochemistry and transport. Lastly, we discuss scaling challenges relevant to model prediction of these impacts in heterogeneous permafrost landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2021.730402","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., and Striegl, R.G., 2021, Complex vulnerabilities of the water and aquatic carbon cycles to permafrost thaw: Frontiers in Climate, v. 3, 730402, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.730402.","productDescription":"730402, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131645","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.730402","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Arctic","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle A. 0000-0003-4269-8366","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":211843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":824776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70224912,"text":"sim3479 - 2021 - Vulnerability assessment in and near Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-05T11:46:21.743463","indexId":"sim3479","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-04T14:44:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3479","displayTitle":"Vulnerability Assessment in and near Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota","title":"Vulnerability assessment in and near Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park is in western North Dakota and was established in 1978 under the National Wilderness Preservation system to preserve and protect the qualities of the North Dakota Badlands, including the wildlife, scenery, and wilderness. The park is made up of three units (North, Elkhorn Ranch, and South) that are connected by the Little Missouri River, which was identified by the National Park Service as a significant resource essential to fulfilling the park's purpose. The development of oil and gas (OG) resources has expanded in the past two decades in the region surrounding Theodore Roosevelt National Park. This expansion of OG development outside park boundaries increases the potential for adverse environmental and economic effects inside the park boundaries, especially for the hydrologic processes within Theodore Roosevelt National Park.
This report assesses the vulnerability of critical components that contribute to supporting plants and wildlife of the Northwestern Great Plains ecological region and Theodore Roosevelt National Park’s mission of preservation. Critical components include land cover, slope, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, distance to Ovis canadensis (Shaw, 1804) (bighorn sheep) critical habitat, distance to springs, distance to rivers and streams, and distance to surficial aquifers. The study area included all the 12-digit hydrologic units within the watershed boundary dataset that intersect Theodore Roosevelt National Park or are within the 12-digit hydrologic units for Little Missouri River tributaries that flow into the park. Critical components that had existing publicly available geographic data were assessed and assigned vulnerability index values. These values were then summed to develop a vulnerability score and mapped. OG development and associated transportation infrastructure, referred to as “stressors” in this report, with publicly available geographic data were mapped, and then flow paths were generated starting from the stressor locations to assess their likelihood to contaminate vulnerable areas within the study area.
The North Unit had the most area with moderate, high, and very high vulnerability. These areas occurred all across the southern and eastern parts of the North Unit where the Little Missouri River, surficial aquifer, wetland type land covers, and bighorn sheep critical habitat are present. Several stressor flow paths from pipelines and highways cross these areas and may pose the most risk to the vulnerable areas identified. In the Elkhorn Ranch Unit, areas with moderate, high, and very high vulnerability were in the southeastern part of the unit, where the Little Missouri River, surficial aquifer, wetland type land covers, and bighorn sheep critical habitat are present. The stressor flow paths in the Elkhorn Ranch Unit follow the length of the Little Missouri River and all its tributaries in the study area. The stressor flow paths originated from crude oil wells and pipelines. In the South Unit, one area had moderate, high, and very high vulnerability. This area is where the Little Missouri River and bighorn sheep critical range are present. The stressor flow paths in the South Unit follow the length of the Little Missouri River and nearly all its tributaries in the study area. Several stressor flow paths cross the one identified vulnerable area that originated from crude oil wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3479","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Inland Oil Spill Preparedness Project","usgsCitation":"Valseth, K.J., 2021, Vulnerability assessment in and near Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3479, pamphlet 9 p., 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3479.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 9 p.; 1 Sheet: 23.50 x 31.10 inches; Dataset","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122274","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390167,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3479/sim3479_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"9.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3479 Sheet 1"},{"id":390169,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3479/sim3479.xml","size":"53.7 kB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIM 3479 Pamphlet xml"},{"id":390165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3479/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390168,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":390166,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3479/sim3479_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.50 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3479 Pamphlet"},{"id":390170,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3479/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.72467041015625,\n 46.751153008636884\n ],\n [\n -103.14788818359375,\n 46.751153008636884\n ],\n [\n -103.14788818359375,\n 47.11873795272715\n ],\n [\n -103.72467041015625,\n 47.11873795272715\n ],\n [\n -103.72467041015625,\n 46.751153008636884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
821 East Interstate Avenue
Bismarck, ND 58503
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, SD 57702
In 1999, a jet-fuels release was discovered at the Bulk Fuels Facility on Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Contaminants had reached the water table and migrated north-northeast toward water-supply wells. Monitoring wells were installed downgradient from the facility to determine the primary zones of groundwater production for water-supply wells and assess contaminant presence. The monitoring wells are screened within the Santa Fe Group aquifer system, which includes clay units, at depths as great as 445 meters below land surface, and were categorized as water table, shallow, middle, deep, and aquifer-test pumping wells. Water-supply wells are screened across multiple water-bearing units within the aquifer system. All wells were sampled for major ions, trace elements, nutrients, stable isotopes, dissolved gases, tritium, carbon isotopes, and chlorofluorocarbons. The deeper and water-supply wells have evidence of longer groundwater residence times, as much as thousands of years, and water from the shallower wells shows evidence of anthropogenic nutrient inputs. Aquifer recharge is derived from either the mountain front or seepage from the Rio Grande. Dissolved-gas data indicate that the middle, deep, and aquifer-test pumping, and water-supply wells have cooler recharge temperatures than the shallower wells. Inferred groundwater age varies by method but indicates that the deeper, aquifer-test pumping, and water-supply wells have older water, as much as 15,000 years before present. Results indicate that the water-supply wells draw primarily from the middle and deeper portions of the aquifer system below the clay units and have not been affected by the contaminant plume, although some data indicate a potential for modern water entering some of the deeper and water-supply wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215076","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Air Force Civil Engineer Center","usgsCitation":"Travis, R.E., Bell, M.T., Linhoff, B.S., and Beisner, K.R., 2021, Utilizing multiple hydrogeologic and anthropogenic indicators to understand zones of groundwater contribution to water-supply wells near Kirtland Air Force Base Bulk Fuels Facility in southeast Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5076, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215076.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 28 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-120223","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390163,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":389636,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5076/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":389637,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5076/sir20215076.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021–5076"},{"id":389638,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NV9HHG","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Description of groundwater monitoring wells installed at and near Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2013–2016 (ver. 1.2, May 2019)"},{"id":389639,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5076/images/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","otherGeospatial":"Kirtland Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.69097900390625,\n 34.89156324823376\n ],\n [\n -106.43692016601562,\n 34.90170042871546\n ],\n [\n -106.4410400390625,\n 35.081707990840705\n ],\n [\n -106.68823242187499,\n 35.068221159859256\n ],\n [\n -106.69097900390625,\n 34.89156324823376\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
The increasing incidence of wildfires across the southwestern United States (US) is altering the contemporary forest management template within historically frequent-fire conifer forests. An increasing fraction of southwestern conifer forests have recently burned, and many of these burned landscapes contain complex mosaics of surviving forest and severely burned patches without surviving conifer trees. These heterogeneous burned landscapes present unique social and ecological challenges. Severely burned patches can present numerous barriers to successful conifer regeneration, and often contain heavy downed fuels which have cascading effects on future fire behavior and conifer regeneration. Conversely, surviving forest patches are increasingly recognized for their value in postfire reforestation but often are overlooked from a management perspective.
Here we present a decision-making framework for landscape-scale management of complex postfire landscapes that allows for adaptation to a warming climate and future fire. We focus specifically on historically frequent-fire forests of the southwestern US but make connections to other forest types and other regions. Our framework depends on a spatially-explicit assessment of the mosaic of conifer forest and severely burned patches in the postfire landscape, evaluates likely vegetation trajectories, and identifies critical decision points to direct vegetation change via manipulations of fuels and live vegetation. This framework includes detailed considerations for postfire fuels management (e.g., edge hardening within live forest patches and repeat burning) and for reforestation (e.g., balancing tradeoffs between intensive and extensive planting strategies, establishing patches of seed trees, spatial planning to optimize reforestation success, and improving nursery capacity). In a future of increasing fire activity in forests where repeated low- to moderate-severity fire is essential to ecosystem resilience, the decision-making framework developed here can easily be integrated with existing postfire management strategies to optimize allocation of limited resources and more actively manage burned landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119678","usgsCitation":"Stevens, J., Haffey, C., Coop, J.D., Fornwalt, P.J., Yocom, L., Allen, C., Bradley, A., Burney, O.T., Carril, D., Chambers, M.E., Chapman, T.B., Haire, S.L., Hurteau, M., Iniguez, J.M., Margolis, E.Q., Marks, C., Marshall, L., Rodman, K., Stevens-Rumann, C.S., Thode, A., and Walker, J., 2021, Tamm review: Postfire landscape management in frequent-fire conifer forests of the southwestern United States: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 502, 119678, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119678.","productDescription":"119678, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130297","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119678","text":"Publisher Index 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\"}}]}","volume":"502","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Jens T. 0000-0002-2234-1960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-1960","contributorId":289230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Jens T.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haffey, Collin","contributorId":206779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haffey","given":"Collin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coop, Jonathan 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We investigated the effects of hypoxia, temperature (with acclimation), nitrogenous chemical compounds, and chloride on Topeka shiners (Notropis topeka) by monitoring behavioral responses to a reduction in oxygen and, using swimming speed, determining thermal optima and onset of effect for concentrations of nitrogenous compounds and chloride. We found ASR50 (i.e., dissolved oxygen concentrations where 50% of fish use aquatic surface respiration) to be 1.65 mg/L and ASR90 to be 1.08 mg/L of dissolved oxygen. Optimum temperatures for the species ranged from 17.7 to 28.0 °C, while predicted 100% mortality ranged from 33.7 to 40.3 °C, depending on the temperature at which fish were acclimated prior to experiments. Ammonia and sodium chloride reduced swimming speed at concentrations below known LC50 values, while nitrite concentrations did not correspond with swimming speed, but rather, post-experiment mortality. This provides insight into where Topeka shiners can not only persist, but also thrive. Although swimming speed may not be a suitable metric for determining the effects of all contaminants, our focus on optima and sub-lethal effects over tolerance allows selections of the most suitable reintroduction site matching the species’ physiological profile.
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Kevin","contributorId":224733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":36874,"text":"Tall Timbers Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keane, Robert E.","contributorId":200723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keane","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6679,"text":"US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loehman, Rachel A. 0000-0001-7680-1865 rloehman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1865","contributorId":187605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehman","given":"Rachel","email":"rloehman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":843141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stambaugh, Michael C.","contributorId":202826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stambaugh","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13706,"text":"University of Missouri-Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70249209,"text":"70249209 - 2021 - DAS 3DVSP survey at Stratigraphic Test Well (Hydrate-01)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T12:23:02.543056","indexId":"70249209","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-02T07:19:20","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DAS 3DVSP survey at Stratigraphic Test Well (Hydrate-01)","docAbstract":"This proceeding outlines the acquisition, processing, and fault interpretation of the largest known onshore distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) 3D vertical seismic profile (VSP) survey. This survey was carried out to detect the distribution of faults near the gas hydrate research well (Stratigraphic Test Well: Hydrate-01) on the North Slope of Alaska within the Prudhoe Bay Unit (PBU). The data were recorded with a single-mode DAS cable which is permanently installed and cemented behind the casing of the Hydrate-01 well. A total of 1701 shot records were successfully acquired in 12 days using a DAS interrogator with two vibroseis sources. The data were converted from strain rate to a geophone equivalent for further data processing. Traveltime tomography was carried out using the first break of each shot and was used to build a 3D tilted transverse isotropy (TTI) velocity model. The data were processed with a sequence designed to produce a precise and high resolution P wave image, that included editing, redatum, band pass filtering, denoise, upgoing / downgoing wavefield separation, deconvolution and migration. Faults around the Hydrate-01 were interpreted using the 3DVSP volume and its attributes. These faults were clearly observed in the 3DVSP volume but they cannot be recognized by an existing 3D surface seismic volume.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 14th SEGJ International Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceDate":"October 18-21, 2021","language":"English","publisher":"SEG","doi":"10.1190/segj2021-006.1","usgsCitation":"Fujimoto, A., Lim, T.K., Tamaki, M., Kawaguchi, K., Kobayashi, T., Haines, S.S., Collett, T., and Boswell, R., 2021, DAS 3DVSP survey at Stratigraphic Test Well (Hydrate-01), in Proceedings of the 14th SEGJ International Symposium, October 18-21, 2021, p. 19-22, https://doi.org/10.1190/segj2021-006.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-129862","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fujimoto, Akira","contributorId":330380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujimoto","given":"Akira","affiliations":[{"id":39359,"text":"JOGMEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lim, Teck Kean","contributorId":330382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lim","given":"Teck","email":"","middleInitial":"Kean","affiliations":[{"id":48092,"text":"TOYO Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tamaki, Machiko","contributorId":330384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tamaki","given":"Machiko","affiliations":[{"id":78875,"text":"JOE Co.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kawaguchi, Kyojiro","contributorId":330385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kawaguchi","given":"Kyojiro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48092,"text":"TOYO Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kobayashi, Toshiaki","contributorId":330387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kobayashi","given":"Toshiaki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39359,"text":"JOGMEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collett, Timothy 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":220812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boswell, Ray","contributorId":330389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boswell","given":"Ray","affiliations":[{"id":78878,"text":"DOE NETL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70241791,"text":"70241791 - 2021 - Resilience of native amphibian communities following catastrophic drought: Evidence from a decade of regional-scale monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T12:05:50.759272","indexId":"70241791","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-02T07:03:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resilience of native amphibian communities following catastrophic drought: Evidence from a decade of regional-scale monitoring","docAbstract":"The increasing frequency and severity of drought may exacerbate ongoing global amphibian declines. However, interactions between drought and coincident stressors, coupled with high interannual variability in amphibian abundances, can mask the extent and underlying mechanisms of drought impacts. We synthesized a decade (2009–2019) of regional-scale amphibian monitoring data (2273 surveys, 233 ponds, and seven species) from across California's Bay Area and used dynamic occupancy modeling to estimate trends and drivers of species occupancy. An extreme drought during the study period resulted in substantial habitat loss, with 51% of ponds drying in the worst year of drought, compared to <20% in pre-drought years. Nearly every species exhibited reduced breeding activity during the drought, with the occupancy of some species (American bullfrogs and California newts) declining by >25%. Invasive fishes and bullfrogs were also associated with reduced amphibian occupancy, and these taxa were locally extirpated from numerous sites during drought, without subsequent recovery– suggesting that drought may present an opportunity to remove invaders. Despite a historic, multi-year drought, native amphibians rebounded quickly to pre-drought occupancy levels, demonstrating evidence of resilience. Permanent waterbodies supported higher persistence of native species during drought years than did temporary waterbodies, and we therefore highlight the value of hydroperiod diversity in promoting amphibian stability.
Migratory amphibians are at high risk of negative impacts when roads intersect their upland and breeding habitats. Road mortality can reduce population abundance, survivorship, breeding, recruitment, and probability of long-term persistence. Increasingly, environmental planners recommend installation of under-road tunnels with barrier fencing to reduce mortality and direct amphibians towards the passages. Often, the permeability of these barrier and passage systems to amphibian population movements are unknown. We studied the movements of California tiger salamanders (CTS: Ambystoma californiense) in relation to solid and mesh barrier fencing attached to a 3-tunnel system between upland and breeding habitats in Stanford, California. We deployed active-trigger cameras along the fencing, used pattern recognition software to identify individuals by their unique spot patterns, and calculated individual salamander movement distances, speed, direction changes, and “success” at reaching the tunnel system. We found that migrating adult CTS moved an average of 40 m along barrier fencing before turning back into the habitat or “giving-up”. This short distance, in comparison to long migratory movements, may be explained by the orientation mechanisms salamanders use to reach their breeding sites. The probability CTS found a passage decreased rapidly with increasing distance from the tunnel system, particularly if individuals turned the “wrong” way after encountering the fence. Salamanders changed directions more often and spent more time along mesh fencing. Our results suggest that a maximum of 12.5 m between passages along CTS migration routes should allow approximately 90% of adult salamanders to encounter road crossings. Additionally, use of solid fencing or a visual barrier on mesh fencing may help to lead salamanders to passages most efficiently. These considerations can assist those seeking to design effective road mitigation for CTS and other migratory amphibians.
Wildfire affects many types of communities and is a particular concern for communities in the wildland urban interface (WUI), such as Chalk Creek in Chaffee County. The core intent of this project was to provide evidence to support Colorado State Forest Service (CSFS) Salida Field Office’s wildfire mitigation and education program. This report analyzes existing wildfire risk data collected in late 2017 through 2019 and pairs it with social data collected in the summer of 2019, in order to better understand Chalk Creek residents’ knowledge, experiences, and perceptions about wildfire risk. This greater understanding will help CSFS focus its programs and outreach and ultimately promote increased mitigation and reduced wildfire risk in Chalk Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","doi":"10.2737/RMRS-RN-90","usgsCitation":"Champ, P.A., Goolsby, J.B., Shaver, J.T., Kuehn, J., Meldrum, J., Brenkert-Smith, H., Barth, C.M., Donovan, C., and Wagner, C., 2021, Living with wildfire in Chalk Creek, Chaffee County, Colorado: 2019 data report: Research Note 90, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-RN-90.","productDescription":"81 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126221","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392368,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/63542"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Chaffee County","otherGeospatial":"Chalk Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.37683868408202,\n 38.67398509885878\n ],\n [\n -106.1282730102539,\n 38.67398509885878\n ],\n [\n -106.1282730102539,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -106.37683868408202,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -106.37683868408202,\n 38.67398509885878\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Champ, Patricia A.","contributorId":195486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champ","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, Julia B. 0000-0002-2229-5685","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-5685","contributorId":269631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaver, J. T.","contributorId":269632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":56021,"text":"Colorado State Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":827609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuehn, Josh","contributorId":269634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuehn","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56021,"text":"Colorado State Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":827610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meldrum, James R. 0000-0001-5250-3759 jmeldrum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-3759","contributorId":195484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meldrum","given":"James","email":"jmeldrum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brenkert-Smith, Hannah 0000-0001-6117-8863","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-8863","contributorId":195485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkert-Smith","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Barth, Christopher M.","contributorId":195487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Donovan, Colleen","contributorId":240586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donovan","given":"Colleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":827614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wagner, Carolyn","contributorId":240587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Carolyn","affiliations":[{"id":48103,"text":"Wildfire Research (WiRē) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":827615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70225661,"text":"70225661 - 2021 - Use of an artificial stream to monitor avoidance behavior of larval sea lamprey in response to TFM and niclosamide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-21T16:24:56.291786","indexId":"70225661","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T11:21:20","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7568,"text":"Project Completion Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"title":"Use of an artificial stream to monitor avoidance behavior of larval sea lamprey in response to TFM and niclosamide","docAbstract":"The lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) has been used in liquid form to control larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Great Lakes tributaries since the late 1950s. In the 1980s a dissolvable TFM bar was developed as a supplemental tool for application to small tributaries as a deterrent to larvae seeking water not activated with TFM. The size, mass, and number of bars needed in some streams, as well as the location of the streams, limit the utility of a TFM bar. The development and use of an alternative niclosamide bar has the potential to use fewer bars to achieve similar results. However, the use of a niclosamide bar is dependent upon its larval deterrent capability compared to the TFM bar. In this study, we developed a laboratory-scale, simulated stream fluvarium with several avoidance areas including two side channels and a seep. The objective was to evaluate the deterrent capabilities of TFM and niclosamide. We found sea lamprey to have similar behavioral responses, with both TFM and niclosamide having similar capabilities to prevent sea lamprey from seeking refuge in side channels and seep avoidance areas. TFM-treated side channels and seep increased sea lamprey occupancy in the main channel 2.56 times more than the untreated-controls (95% CI 1.63 – 4.14) whereas niclosamide-treated side channels and seep increased sea lamprey occupancy of the main channel 2.68 times more than the untreated-controls (95% CI 1.72 – 4.32). These responses indicate a niclosamide bar would effectively prevent sea lamprey escapement into freshwater during a lampricide treatment at concentrations unlikely to harm aquatic organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, N., Boogaard, M.A., Johnson, T., Kirkeeng, C., Schueller, J., and Erickson, R.A., 2021, Use of an artificial stream to monitor avoidance behavior of larval sea lamprey in response to TFM and niclosamide: Project Completion Report, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130111","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":399403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Nicholas 0000-0002-3815-5302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3815-5302","contributorId":237025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boogaard, Michael A. 0000-0002-5192-8437 mboogaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-8437","contributorId":865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boogaard","given":"Michael","email":"mboogaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Todd 0000-0003-2152-8528","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-8528","contributorId":261519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirkeeng, Courtney A. 0000-0002-7141-1216","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-1216","contributorId":237026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkeeng","given":"Courtney","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schueller, Justin R. 0000-0002-7102-3889","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-3889","contributorId":213527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schueller","given":"Justin","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70224571,"text":"sir20215047 - 2021 - Delineation of areas contributing groundwater and travel times to receiving waters in Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk Counties, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-04T11:40:48.101196","indexId":"sir20215047","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5047","displayTitle":"Delineation of Areas Contributing Groundwater and Travel Times to Receiving Waters in Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk Counties, New York","title":"Delineation of areas contributing groundwater and travel times to receiving waters in Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk Counties, New York","docAbstract":"To assist resource managers and planners in developing informed strategies to address nitrogen loading to coastal water bodies of Long Island, New York, the U.S. Geological Survey and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation initiated a program to delineate areas contributing groundwater to coastal water bodies by assembling a comprehensive dataset of areas contributing groundwater, travel times, and groundwater discharges to streams, lakes, marine surface waters, and subsea discharge boundaries. Steady-state, 25-layer regional, three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater-flow models of average regional hydrologic conditions were used for particle-tracking analysis to delineate areas contributing groundwater to 843 water bodies. Two steady-state conditions were simulated: recent conditions from 2005 to 2015 and predevelopment conditions of about 1900. About 14 million particles were evenly distributed across the water table and tracked forward to discharge zones. Using a uniform porosity of 25 percent, simulated recent condition travel times ranged from less than 2 years to greater than 10,000 years and were visualized in 11 travel time intervals. About 85 percent of particle travel times from the water table to points of discharge are less than 100 years. Simulated particle-tracking ending zones represented 843 receiving water bodies, based on the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation water body inventory and priority water bodies list. Areal delineation of travel-time intervals and areas contributing groundwater to water bodies were generated and are summarized with total groundwater outflow for each water body.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Misut, P.E., Casamassina, N.A., and Walter, D.A., 2021, Delineation of areas contributing groundwater and travel times to receiving waters in Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5047, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215047.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 61 p.; 3 Tables; Data Release","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108532","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389890,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5047/sir20215047_table1.3.csv","text":"Table 1.3","size":"27.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- Marine subsystems, estuaries, and number of receiving water bodies on Long Island, New York, associated with New York State priority water bodies"},{"id":389888,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5047/sir20215047_table1.1.csv","text":"Table 1.1","size":"12.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- Association of receiving water body index to New York State priority water body list database for water bodies on Long Island, New York"},{"id":389874,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5047/sir20215047.XML"},{"id":389876,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DKILJY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW–NWT and MODPATH6 used to delineate areas contributing groundwater and travel times to receiving waters of Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk Counties, New York"},{"id":389889,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5047/sir20215047_table1.2.csv","text":"Table 1.2","size":"9.48 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"linkHelpText":"- Sum of groundwater outflows to receiving water bodies simulated by a flow model of regional hydrologic conditions from 2005 to 2015 for Long Island, New York"},{"id":389875,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5047/images/"},{"id":389872,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5047/sir20215047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"92.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5047"},{"id":389871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5047/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Kings County, Queens County, Nassau County, Suffolk County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.20166015624999,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -71.7572021484375,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -71.7572021484375,\n 41.21998578493921\n ],\n [\n -74.20166015624999,\n 41.21998578493921\n ],\n [\n -74.20166015624999,\n 40.51379915504413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
Understanding the neutral (demographic) and adaptive processes leading to the differentiation of species and populations is a critical component of evolutionary and conservation biology. In this context, recently diverged taxa represent a unique opportunity to study the process of genetic differentiation. Northern and southern Idaho ground squirrels (Urocitellus brunneus—NIDGS, and U. endemicus—SIDGS, respectively) are a recently diverged pair of sister species that have undergone dramatic declines in the last 50 years and are currently found in metapopulations across restricted spatial areas with distinct environmental pressures. Here we genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from buccal swabs with restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). With these data we evaluated neutral genetic structure at both the inter- and intraspecific level, and identified putatively adaptive SNPs using population structure outlier detection and genotype–environment association (GEA) analyses. At the interspecific level, we detected a clear separation between NIDGS and SIDGS, and evidence for adaptive differentiation putatively linked to torpor patterns. At the intraspecific level, we found evidence of both neutral and adaptive differentiation. For NIDGS, elevation appears to be the main driver of adaptive differentiation, while neutral variation patterns match and expand information on the low connectivity between some populations identified in previous studies using microsatellite markers. For SIDGS, neutral substructure generally reflected natural geographical barriers, while adaptive variation reflected differences in land cover and temperature, as well as elevation. These results clearly highlight the roles of neutral and adaptive processes for understanding the complexity of the processes leading to species and population differentiation, which can have important conservation implications in susceptible and threatened species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/mec.16096","usgsCitation":"Barbosa, S., Andrews, K., Goldberg, A., Gour, D., Hohenlohe, P.A., Conway, C.J., and Waits, L.P., 2021, The role of neutral and adaptive genomic variation in population diversification and speciation in two ground squirrel species of conservation concern: Molecular Ecology, v. 30, no. 19, p. 4673-4694, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16096.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"4673","endPage":"4694","ipdsId":"IP-114999","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":395676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.553466796875,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -114.664306640625,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -114.664306640625,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -118.553466796875,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -118.553466796875,\n 43.8028187190472\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbosa, Soraia","contributorId":275352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbosa","given":"Soraia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33345,"text":" University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Kimberly R.","contributorId":253136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"Kimberly R.","affiliations":[{"id":50491,"text":"Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, Amanda R.","contributorId":265814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Amanda R.","affiliations":[{"id":54806,"text":"iu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gour, Digpal S.","contributorId":275355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gour","given":"Digpal S.","affiliations":[{"id":33345,"text":" University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hohenlohe, Paul A.","contributorId":46399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohenlohe","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12708,"text":"Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Waits, Lisette P.","contributorId":87673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"Lisette","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70228852,"text":"70228852 - 2021 - Utah prairie dog population dynamics on the Awapa Plateau: Precipitation, elevation, and plague","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-23T16:10:16.860899","indexId":"70228852","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T10:04:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utah prairie dog population dynamics on the Awapa Plateau: Precipitation, elevation, and plague","docAbstract":"Utah prairie dogs (UPDs, Cynomys parvidens) are colonial, herbivorous rodents listed under the Endangered Species Act as threatened. Little is known about UPD population dynamics at higher elevations in the species’ range. From 2013 through 2016, we studied UPDs on five colonies at 2,645 to 2,873 m elevation on the Awapa Plateau, Utah, USA. Primary production increases with precipitation and precipitation increases with elevation on the plateau. We hypothesized that UPD body condition, reproduction, survival, and population growth all would vary directly with precipitation and elevation. Each year, we live-trapped UPDs from late-Jun through Aug, weighing each UPD, aging it as adult or pup, measuring its right hind foot, marking it for unique identification, and releasing it at point of capture. Fleas from live-trapped UPDs and opportunistically collected rodent carcasses, and rodent carcasses themselves, were tested for the agent of sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis), a lethal invasive pathogen. Adult UPD body condition (mass:foot) increased with elevation. In addition, UPD reproduction (pups:adults) and population growth (λ) increased with precipitation. Annual survival declined from 0.49 in 2013–2014 to 0.24 in 2015–2016. We captured 421 UPDs in 2013 but only 149 in 2016. Sylvatic plague may have contributed to population declines. Notwithstanding, plague detection (yes/no by colony and year) had no statistical effect on population growth or annual survival, raising suspicion about the predictive value of binary plague detection variables. Generally speaking, efforts to conserve UPDs may benefit from the restoration and preservation of large colonies at mesic sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyab103","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., and Biggins, D.E., 2021, Utah prairie dog population dynamics on the Awapa Plateau: Precipitation, elevation, and plague: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 102, no. 5, p. 1289-1297, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab103.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1289","endPage":"1297","ipdsId":"IP-122565","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab103","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DWKB3Z","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on Utah prairie dog body condition and reproductive success, Awapa Plateau, Utah, USA, 2013-2016"},{"id":396348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Awapa Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.97608947753906,\n 38.07620357665235\n ],\n [\n -111.45904541015625,\n 38.07620357665235\n ],\n [\n -111.45904541015625,\n 38.44068226417387\n ],\n [\n -111.97608947753906,\n 38.44068226417387\n ],\n [\n -111.97608947753906,\n 38.07620357665235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":835698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70239846,"text":"70239846 - 2021 - Evaluation of larval lamprey survival following salvage: A pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T16:02:41.492563","indexId":"70239846","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-01T09:52:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Evaluation of larval lamprey survival following salvage: A pilot study","docAbstract":"Larval lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp.) are vulnerable to anthropogenic water-level fluctuations that can dewater their habitat. Dewatering events occur regularly in the Columbia River Basin for operation and management of hydropower facilities, seasonal or maintenance closures of irrigation diversions, and in-water construction projects, including for habitat restoration. Salvage efforts which can be initiated before, during, and after dewatering events are resource-intensive and are conducted based on the assumption that salvage will reduce lamprey mortality. This pilot study was the first formal assessment of the efficacy of salvage efforts, evaluating the survival and performance of larval lamprey following various salvage techniques.
Lampreys were salvaged during dewatering events at three field sites under variable environmental conditions (summer and fall of 2020) and then held in the laboratory for 60 days to monitor survival, growth, and burrowing performance. Four salvage treatments were defined to represent combinations of typical salvage techniques and stressors, including multiple passes of standard electrofishing (SEF), lamprey-specific electrofishing (LEF), and modified lamprey-specific electrofishing (MLEF; probes in direct contact with dewatered, but moist substrate) as well as extended exposure on the surface and walking on sediment where lampreys were burrowed. Control groups did not experience dewatering and were collected using LEF in areas away from treatment groups. Treatments were designed to increase in intensity, from treatment 1 (walking and exposure) to treatment 4 (multiple passes of SEF, LEF and MLEF). Study sites included an earthen hatchery rearing pond (North Toutle Hatchery) dewatered in July, and two irrigation diversions (Wapato and Sunnyside diversions on Yakima River) dewatered at the end of the irrigation season in October. Treatments were executed inside circular 1 m2 enclosures that were randomly positioned in habitats expected to be dewatered. A solid, weighted ring at the bottom of the enclosure penetrated the sediment and netting extended through the water column to a floating upper ring. We deployed eight enclosures per treatment at each test site, executed the four salvage treatments, collected lamprey from within each enclosure and transported them to the laboratory, along with the control groups, for the 60-day holding period. Burrowing performance was tested in sand 1 day after the field effort and in field-collected sediment 30 days after the field effort. Mortality was documented and lamprey were measured at 1, 30, and 60 days in the laboratory and fish weights were used to calculate standard growth rate (SGR) for each site and treatment group.
We collected 328 larval lampreys at our three test sites, including 71 controls and 257 larvae exposed to dewatering and salvage treatments. Overall mortality for the 60-day laboratory holding period was 11.9%. Most mortality occurred within 1-day after treatment (51.3%) and there was limited mortality past 30 days (2.6%). At the North Toutle Hatchery, we observed substantial mortality during the field tests in July, both inside and outside of our test enclosures. Mortality within our test enclosures ranged from 96.7 to 98.8% for treatment 1, 45.9 to 52.2% for treatment 3 and 6.7 to 7.1% for treatment 4. The elevated mortality at this site and logistical challenges with the execution of treatments 1 and 2 resulted in few fish (5 total for treatment 1) or no fish (treatment 2) available for testing in the laboratory. Only one larval lamprey died during field tests at the Wapato and Sunnyside irrigation diversions during testing in October. The single mortality was in treatment 1 (11.1%) and no mortalities were observed outside of the test enclosures.
We used logistic regression to estimate survival of larval lampreys transported to the laboratory and held for 24 h. The Wapato and Sunnyside field sites were pooled for logistic regression and the North Toutle Hatchery site was analyzed separately due to dramatically different environmental conditions. We found that treatment 1 reduced larval survival more than any other treatment during both the summer and fall dewatering events. Trends among survival for treatments 2-4 were less clear. The unique stressor included in the first treatment, but not in other treatments, was a 2-hour exposure period during which larvae were left lying on the surface of the sediment. Treatment 1 also experienced a walking action (foot pressure on the surface of the exposed sediment). The walking action was also included in treatment 4, both before and after dewatering, along with multiple passes of various electrofishing techniques, as this treatment was designed to be a worst-case scenario for lamprey salvage. Despite what appeared to be significant stressors associated with treatment 4, the logistic regression for survival up to 24 hours in the laboratory showed that the odds of surviving treatment 4 were 16 times higher than the odds of surviving treatment 1 at Wapato and Sunnyside (combined). The same comparison at the North Toutle Hatchery showed the odds were 226 times higher for lamprey to survive treatment 4 compared to treatment 1.
Lamprey from all study sites initiated burrowing activity with median times less than 10.5 seconds in both sand (day 1) and field-collected sediment (day 30). The fastest burrowing start times were less than 1.0 second and the slowest was 3.2 minutes. Lamprey behavioral responses during burrowing ability tests were variable. Some lampreys immediately moved from the release location near the surface of the water toward the sediment and began burrowing while others swam around the aquarium near the surface of the water before exploring the sediment to select a burrowing location. The median time to complete burrowing for all treatment groups and sample periods ranged from 9.9 to 48.1 seconds.
No significant differences in SGR were detected between treatment and control groups at any test site. Laboratory water temperatures for the North Toutle Hatchery study groups were maintained at 15°C, giving lamprey a growth advantage compared to the Wapato and Sunnyside groups which were maintained at 10℃. SGR for lamprey collected at the North Toutle Hatchery ranged from 0.83% weight gain/day for controls to 2.04%/day for treatment 3. SGR at Wapato ranged from 0.27 to 0.67%/day and from 0.60 to 0.90 %/day at Sunnyside. Overall, SGR was consistently lower at every site for the controls compared to any of the treatment groups, although none of the differences were significant. The variability at some sites in initial lamprey size, combined with inherent variability in growth rates, limited our ability to make conclusions about how different salvage treatments influenced SGR.
Treatment 1 stood out among the salvage treatments at all study sites. In this treatment, lampreys exposed on the surface of the sediment, awaiting salvage, were vulnerable to reduced survival, even under mild environmental conditions. The risk of mortality was greatest for the summer dewatering event at the North Toutle Hatchery. The remaining treatments, even with multiple passes of various electrofishing techniques, did not generally have large negative impacts on lamprey during our tests. Lamprey survival rates for these treatments were relatively high, especially at the fall dewatering sites when environmental conditions were mild. Thus, salvage efforts, despite being resource intensive, likely have limited negative outcomes for larval lamprey and make substantial contributions to lamprey conservation efforts.
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