{"pageNumber":"4420","pageRowStart":"110475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165879,"records":[{"id":29094,"text":"wri864032 - 1986 - Potential for updip movement of salinewater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T10:33:07","indexId":"wri864032","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4032","title":"Potential for updip movement of salinewater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The salinity front, locally known as the \"bad-water\" line, in the Edwards aquifer separates the freshwater from the salinewater and occurs where the aquifer is confined. The concentration of dissolved solids of the salinewater at the salinity front is 1,000 milligrams per liter. The concentration of dissolved solids in water within the freshwater zone of the aquifer usually ranges from 250 to 350 milligrams per liter. A digital model was used to investigate the potential movement of the salinity front by simulating the transport of salinewater into the freshwater zone as a result of pumping from the freshwater zone.</p>\n<p>The model simulations indicate that a large range in the quantity of solute transported from the salinewater zone into the freshwater zone is possible. This uncertainty is caused by the range of estimates of transmissivity, the magnitude of water-level decline, and porosity. Simulated transmissivity values for the Edwards aquifer within the salinewater zone ranged from 134 to 3,340 feet squared per day and resulted in potential lateral shifts of the salinity front from 16 to 425 feet updip into the fresh-water zone at the end of a 10-year simulation. A simulated decline in water levels from an altitude of 660 to 582 feet above sea level resulted in a potential lateral shift in the salinity front of 133 feet updip into the freshwater zone at the end of the 10-year simulation. Simulated porosity values from 1 to 20 percent resulted in lateral shifts of the salinity front from 42 to 854 feet updip into the freshwater zone at the end of the 10-year simulation. An evaluation of the results of the model simulations indicates that contamination created by the movement of saline-water into the freshwater zone of the Edwards aquifer will be limited to an are</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri864032","usgsCitation":"Perez, R., 1986, Potential for updip movement of salinewater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4032, v, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864032.","productDescription":"v, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4032/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57949,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4032/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e6e4b07f02db4bbbf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perez, Roberto","contributorId":97114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29103,"text":"wri854188 - 1986 - Direction of ground-water flow and ground-water quality near a landfill in Falmouth, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri854188","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4188","title":"Direction of ground-water flow and ground-water quality near a landfill in Falmouth, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A landfill in Falmouth, Massachusetts, is upgradient of a pond used for municipal water supply, but analysis of groundwater flow directions and groundwater quality indicates that leachate from the landfill does not threaten the municipal water supply. A network of water table observation wells was established, and water table altitudes were measured in these wells on several dates in 1981. Water quality analyses and specific conductance measurements were made on water samples from several wells in the vicinity of the landfill between October 1980 and April 1983. A water table altitude contour map of the area between the landfill and Long Pond for April 16-17, 1981, indicates that the direction of groundwater flow is primarily southwest from the landfill to Buzzards Bay. A similar map for September 2, 1981--a time at which the water table was unusually low--indicates the possibility of groundwater discharge to Long Pond from the landfill site. Groundwater quality beneath the landfill exceeded U.S. EPA water quality criteria for domestic water supply for manganese and total dissolved solids. Concentrations as high as 52 mg/L of nitrogen as ammonia and 4,500 micrograms/L (ug/L) of manganese were found. Concentrations of ammonia, manganese, calcium, potassium, and alkalinity exceeded local background levels by more than a factor of 100; specific-conductance levels and concentrations of hardness, barium, chloride, sodium, magnesium, iron, and strontium exceeded local background levels by more than a factor of 10; and cadmium concentrations exceeded local background levels by more than a factor of 5. Water quality analyses and field specific conductance measurements indicate the presence of a volume of leachate extending south-southwest from the landfill. Average chloride concentrations of landfill leachate, precipitation on the surface of Long Pond, and recharge from the remainder of the recharge area were 180, 3, and 9 mg/L, respectively. No significant degradation of the quality of water in Long Pond is expected as a result of leachate from this landfill. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854188","usgsCitation":"Persky, J., 1986, Direction of ground-water flow and ground-water quality near a landfill in Falmouth, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4188, iv, 24 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854188.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4188/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57956,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4188/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Persky, J.H.","contributorId":74038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persky","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29104,"text":"wri864093 - 1986 - The relation of ground-water quality to housing density, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri864093","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4093","title":"The relation of ground-water quality to housing density, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Correlation of median nitrate concentration in groundwater with housing density for 18 sample areas on Cape Cod yields a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.802, which is significant at the 95 % confidence level. In five of nine sample areas where housing density is greater than one unit/acre, nitrate concentrations exceed 5 mg of nitrate/L (the Barnstable County planning goal for nitrate) in 25% of wells. Nitrate concentrations exceed 5 mg of nitrogen/L in 25% of wells in only one of nine sample areas where housing density is less than one unit/acre. Median concentrations of sodium and iron, and median levels of pH and specific conductance, are not significantly correlated with housing density. A computer generated map of nitrate shows a positive relation between nitrate concentration and housing density on Cape Cod. However, the presence of septage- or sewage-disposal sites and fertilizer use are also important factors that affect the nitrate concentration. A map of specific conductance also shows a positive relation to housing density, but little or no relation between housing density and sodium, ammonia, pH, or iron is apparent on the maps. Chemical analyses of samples collected from 3,468 private- and public-supply wells between January 1980 and June 1984 were used to examine the extent to which housing density determines water quality on Cape Cod, an area largely unsewered and underlain by a sole source aquifer. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864093","usgsCitation":"Persky, J., 1986, The relation of ground-water quality to housing density, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4093, iv, 28 p. :ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864093.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110169,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36541.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"36541"},{"id":158945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57957,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4093/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57958,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4093/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57959,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4093/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57960,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4093/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57961,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4093/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57962,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4093/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57963,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db544862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Persky, J.H.","contributorId":74038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Persky","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29129,"text":"wri864186 - 1986 - Processing water-chemistry data, Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south-central United States; with summary of dissolved-solids concentrations and water types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri864186","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4186","title":"Processing water-chemistry data, Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south-central United States; with summary of dissolved-solids concentrations and water types","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864186","usgsCitation":"Pettijohn, R.A., 1986, Processing water-chemistry data, Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south-central United States; with summary of dissolved-solids concentrations and water types: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4186, iv, 42 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864186.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57998,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4186/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3fe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pettijohn, R. A.","contributorId":66743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettijohn","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29209,"text":"wri864337 - 1986 - Verification of regression equations for estimating flood magnitudes for selected frequencies on small natural streams in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T10:31:50","indexId":"wri864337","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4337","title":"Verification of regression equations for estimating flood magnitudes for selected frequencies on small natural streams in Georgia","docAbstract":"In 1976 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Transportation, began a program to monitor small natural streams in Georgia to verify the accuracy of the flood frequency estimating equations for the five flood frequency regions that were published in a previous study. Data collection consisted of obtaining an additional 10 yr of annual peak flow records at 24 gaging stations and establishing and collecting annual peak flow records at 15 additional gaging sites in areas of the State where data were unavailable. Data also were collected for an additional 10 yr at four gaging stations that were converted to continuous record gaging stations in 1976. The flood frequency equations were verified by comparing the observed and regression equation estimated discharges for the 2-, 25-, and 100-yr floods: (1) for the 28 gaging stations continued an additional 10 yr; (2) for the 15 gaging stations that have about 10 yr of record where data were unavailable; and (3) for all gaging stations on drainage areas of &lt; 50 sq mi for which data were available in all five flood frequency regions. The rainfall-runoff model simulated discharges from the previous study also were verified by comparisons of the observed and the rainfall-runoff model simulated discharges for the 2-, 25-, and 100-yr floods for gaging stations calibrated in the previous study. These comparisons, based on student 's t-test statistics at the 0.05 level of significance, indicated that all the flood frequency equations computed in the previous study are valid and unbiased except for Regions 2 and 3, where the equations appear to be slightly biased. The comparison of the discharges simulated by the rainfall-runoff model with the observed discharges for the gaging stations that have 20 yr of record were unbiased, but simulated discharges for stations having 10 yr of record were biased, probably because of ' loss of variance ' in the averaging procedures of the rainfall-runoff model and the short length of record. The flood-frequency estimating equations computed in the previous study have been verified and are considered to be valid for natural streams in Georgia that have drainage areas of 0.1 to 20 sq mi. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri864337","usgsCitation":"Price, M., and Hess, G.W., 1986, Verification of regression equations for estimating flood magnitudes for selected frequencies on small natural streams in Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4337, Report: vi, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 19.27 x 23.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864337.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 19.27 x 23.55 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":29226,"text":"wri864000 - 1986 - Quantity and quality of storm runoff from three urban catchments in Bellevue, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri864000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4000","title":"Quantity and quality of storm runoff from three urban catchments in Bellevue, Washington","docAbstract":"Data on the quantity and quality of urban runoff were collected, analyzed, and used to evaluate the effects of street sweeping and of stormwater detention on quality of runoff. The data included rainfall, runoff discharge, concentrations of selected constituents in discrete samples of runoff, and chemical characteristics of wet- and dry atmospheric deposition. Statistical analyses of runoff loads and of discharge-weighted constituent concentrations in runoff for about 25 different storms showed that, for most constituents, street sweeping had little effect on water quality. One reason is that much of the suspended material in runoff consisted of silt- and clay-size particles, the size classes least affected by street sweeping. That data also show that rainfall is often the source of one-third of the total nitrogen in stormwater runoff. Comparison of discharge-weighted average concentrations of the inflow and outflow of a stormwater detention system for four to seven storms indicated that the detention system did not have a large effect on the average concentrations of constituents in runoff. Regression equations for predicting runoff volumes and peak discharges for individual storms were derived separately for each catchment using data from nearly all storms. Standard errors of estimate for these storms were 21-28% for runoff volume and 22-40% for peak discharge. (Peters-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864000","usgsCitation":"Prych, E., and Ebbert, J., 1986, Quantity and quality of storm runoff from three urban catchments in Bellevue, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4000, vii, 85 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864000.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4000/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58080,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4000/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58081,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4000/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58082,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4000/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58083,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4000/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6353c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prych, E. A.","contributorId":36163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29241,"text":"wri854179 - 1986 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Rio Yauco Alluvial Valley, Yauco, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri854179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4179","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Rio Yauco Alluvial Valley, Yauco, Puerto Rico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854179","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., 1986, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Rio Yauco Alluvial Valley, Yauco, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4179, v, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854179.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58095,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f27fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29243,"text":"wri854160 - 1986 - Water resources of the Lower Rio Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri854160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4160","title":"Water resources of the Lower Rio Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"An assessment of the surface and groundwater resources of the lower Rio Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley was made between 1981 and 1983. Rio Grande de Arecibo is the major source of water in the valley with a mean-annual discharge of 527 cu ft/sec (382,000 acre-ft/yr). Its lowest mean-daily flow (low flow) during 12 yr of record is 50 cu ft/sec. Withdrawals of water from Rio Grande de Arecibo exceeding 15 cu ft/sec during periods of extreme low flows could cause reduction of recharge to the aquifer. However, withdrawals of as much as 35 cu ft/sec are possible when base flow ranges from 90 to 200 cu ft/sec without causing a reduction of aquifer recharge. An unconfined aquifer within the alluvial valley is hydraulically continuous with bordering limestone formations. A clay layer divides the alluvial aquifer into two separate hydraulic systems. Groundwater from the alluvial aquifer above the clay layer has not been widely developed. However, high yielding wells presently yield as much as 9.6 mil gal/day (10,800 acre-ft/yr) from the aquifers occurring below the clay layer within the alluvium and underlaying limestones. Transmissivity ranges from 3,000 sq ft/day in the alluvial area to 42,000 sq ft/day in the adjacent limestone areas. Total groundwater flow through aquifers within the study area (excluding water withdrawn by wells) is about 20.6 mil gal/day (23,100 acre-ft/yr). 50% of this amount is estimated to flow to the eastern area of Cano Tiburones and discharges as springs and seeps. An estimated 9.4 mil gal/day (10,500 acre-ft/yr) of additional groundwater can be withdrawn from the aquifers below the clay layer without reversing the northward hydraulic gradient. Seepage from Rio Grande de Arecibo to the groundwater system at the east side of the valley is probably the key to the development of groundwater resources in the Arecibo area. San Pedro spring, with an average discharge of 8.6 mil gal/day (9,600 acre-ft/yr), is undeveloped and represents a potential alternate source of water. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854160","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., 1986, Water resources of the Lower Rio Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4160, vi, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854160.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58097,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db546009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29259,"text":"wri854099 - 1986 - Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-16T13:58:00","indexId":"wri854099","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4099","title":"Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>A finite-difference model of ground-water flow within stratified drift in the 14-mile reach of the Susquehanna River valley from Binghamton west to the Tioga County line (including Johnson City, Endicott, and Vestal) has been developed. Outwash is the most permeable and extensive type of stratified drift in the valley but has only small saturated thickness except where it is downwarped beneath ice-block depressions. The outwash is commonly underlain by extensive beds of silt and clay deposited in proglacial lakes. Older ice-contact deposits are also extensive and provide the largest yields to wells but are highly variable in thickness and commonly siltier than the outwash. The ice-contact deposits seem to occur mainly as ridges that parallel the axis of major valleys and are buried beneath later lacustrine and outwash sediments.</p><p>The model simulates horizontal flow in two layers; the upper layer generally represents outwash, and the lower layer generally represents older ice-contact deposits. The model also simulates vertical flow between those layers through the beds of silt and clay or, where the two aquifer layers are in direct contact, through sand and gravel.</p><p>The model has been calibrated to reproduce observed water levels that represent steady-state conditions. Aquifer properties, recharge from several sources, river stage, and pumpage from several municipal and industrial well fields were calculated from data collected largely in 1981. Major streams were treated as constant specified heads in the upper layer. Data are available to refine the calibration. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854099","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., 1986, Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4099, Report: vi, 38 p.; 4 Plates: 41.02 x 19.73 or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854099.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 38 p.; 4 Plates: 41.02 x 19.73 or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58107,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58108,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58109,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58110,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366617,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Broome County","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.13250732421875,\n              42.00542768820574\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.84548950195312,\n              42.00542768820574\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.84548950195312,\n              42.188846538629164\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13250732421875,\n              42.188846538629164\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13250732421875,\n              42.00542768820574\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29367,"text":"wri854253 - 1986 - Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:04:51","indexId":"wri854253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4253","title":"Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"An appraisal of surface water quality in the Umpqua River basin was made using existing monthly data collected by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Douglas County Water Resources Survey. This appraisal was limited to interpretation of instantaneous monthly water quality data collected in the Umpqua River basin from water years 1974 to 1983. These data were used to compare water quality conditions throughout the basin and to determine if data collected from the NASQAN (National Stream Quality Accounting network) station are representative of upstream basin conditions. In general, data collected at the NASQAN station represent a composite of water quality from the North and South Umpqua Rivers. These river basins account for 82 % of the NASQAN station drainage. Water quality concentrations, loads, yields, and trends were statistically described and related to point source effluent loads and basin characteristics including geohydrology, hydrology, population, land use, and water use. Available point-and nonpoint-source data provided minimal information for determining cause-effect relations and for explaining observed trends in water quality; however, the data did indicate that the largest effluent discharges are located in the South Umpqua River basin in the Roseburg-Winston area. Instantaneous and annual flow weighted levels of specific conductance, phosphorus, organic plus ammonia nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate, and fecal coliform bacteria are generally highest in the South Umpqua River near Roseburg. These high levels generally occur during the summer months when river flow is extremely low relative to flow in the North Umpqua River. The North Umpqua River has among the lowest constituent concentrations observed in the basin. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854253","usgsCitation":"Rinella, J.F., 1986, Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4253, vii, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854253.","productDescription":"vii, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58215,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4253/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4253/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, J. F.","contributorId":86777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29389,"text":"wri864192 - 1986 - Techniques for simulating flood hydrographs and estimating flood volumes for ungaged basins in central Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri864192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4192","title":"Techniques for simulating flood hydrographs and estimating flood volumes for ungaged basins in central Tennessee","docAbstract":"A dimensionless hydrograph developed for a variety of basin conditions in Georgia was tested for its applicability to central Tennessee streams by comparing it to a similar dimensionless hydrograph developed for central Tennessee streams. Statistical analyses were performed by comparing simulated (or computed) hydrographs, derived by application of the Georgia-study dimensionless hydrograph and the central Tennessee dimensionless hydrograph, with 163 observed hydrographs from 38 stations having a wide range of drainage area sizes and basin conditions, at 50% and 75% of their peak flow widths. Test results indicate the two dimensionless hydrographs are essentially the same. Using the Georgia-study dimensionless hydrograph, the standard error of estimate was +/-21.2% at the 50% of peak flow width and +/-24.8% at the 75% of peak flow width. Study results indicate the Georgia dimensionless hydrograph is applicable to central Tennessee streams. Equations for rural and urban basin lagtime were derived from multiple-regression analyses that relate lagtime to physical basin characteristics. At the 95% confidence level, channel length was significant for the rural basin equation and channel length and percentage of impervious area were significant for the urban basin equation. A regression equation that related flood volumes to drainage area size, peak discharge , and basin lagtime also was developed. The flood-hydrograph and flood-volume techniques are useful for estimating a typical (average) flood hydrograph and volume for any specified recurrence interval peak discharge at any ungaged stream site draining areas less than 500 sq mi in central Tennessee. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864192","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.H., 1986, Techniques for simulating flood hydrographs and estimating flood volumes for ungaged basins in central Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4192, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864192.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2427,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri86-4192","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4888e4b07f02db51adda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C. H.","contributorId":54210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29530,"text":"wri864209 - 1986 - Ice in streams: Its formation and effects on flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T14:44:19","indexId":"wri864209","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4209","title":"Ice in streams: Its formation and effects on flow","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri864209","usgsCitation":"Santeford, H., Alger, G., and Stark, J., 1986, Ice in streams: Its formation and effects on flow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4209, iii, 38 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864209.","productDescription":"iii, 38 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369229,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4209/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4209/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Santeford, H.S.","contributorId":88786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santeford","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alger, G.R.","contributorId":20792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stark, J.A.","contributorId":66308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29576,"text":"wri844321 - 1986 - Design, operation, and monitoring capability of an experimental artificial-recharge facility at East Meadow, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri844321","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4321","title":"Design, operation, and monitoring capability of an experimental artificial-recharge facility at East Meadow, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"Artificial recharge with tertiary-treated sewage is being tested at East Meadow to evaluate the physical and chemical effects on the groundwater system. The recharge facility contains 11 recharge basins and 5 injection wells and is designed to accept 4 million gallons of reclaimed water per day. Of the 11 basins, 7 are recently constructed and will accept 0.5 million gallons per day each. An observation manhole (12-foot inside diameter and extending 16 feet below the basin floor) was installed in each of two basins to enable monitoring and sampling of percolating reclaimed water in the unsaturated zone with instruments such as tensiometers, gravity lysimeters, thermocouples, and soil-gas samplers. Five shallow (100-feet deep) injection wells will each return 0.5 million gallons per day to the groundwater reservoir. Three types of injection-well design are being tested; the differences are in the type of gravel pack around the well screen. When clogging at the well screen occurs, redevelopment should restore the injection capability. Flow to the basins and wells is regulated by automatic flow controllers in which a desired flow rate is maintained by electronic sensors. Basins can also operate in a constant-head mode in which a specified head is maintained in the basin automatically. An observation-well network consisting of 2-inch- and 6-inch-diameter wells was installed within a 1-square-mile area at the recharge facility to monitor aquifer response and recharge. During 48 days of operation within a 17-week period (October 1982 through January 1983), 88.5 million gallons of reclaimed water was applied to the shallow water table aquifer through the recharge basins. A 4.29-foot-high groundwater mound developed during a 14-day test; some water level increase associated with the mound was detected 1,000 ft from the basins. Preliminary water quality data from wells affected by reclaimed water show evidence that mechanisms of mixing, dilution, and dispersion are affecting chemical concentrations of certain constituents, such as nitrogen and trichloroethane, in the shallow aquifer beneath the recharge area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844321","usgsCitation":"Schneider, B., and Oaksford, E., 1986, Design, operation, and monitoring capability of an experimental artificial-recharge facility at East Meadow, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4321, vi, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844321.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4321/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58404,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4321/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667daf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, B.J.","contributorId":93539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oaksford, E. T.","contributorId":64284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oaksford","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29582,"text":"wri864144 - 1986 - Programmers manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri864144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4144","title":"Programmers manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model for simulating water-quality constituents such as temperature, dissolved oxygen , and suspended sediment in rivers is presented in this Programmers Manual. Lagrangian transport modeling techniques, the model 's subroutines, and the user-written decay-coefficient subroutine are discussed in detail. Appendices list the program codes. The Programmers Manual is intended for the model user who needs to modify code either to adapt the model to a particular need or to use reaction kinetics not provided with the model. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864144","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., and Jobson, H., 1986, Programmers manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4144, v, 101 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864144.","productDescription":"v, 101 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4144/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58410,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jobson, H.E.","contributorId":44952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29585,"text":"wri864145 - 1986 - Users manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri864145","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4145","title":"Users manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model","docAbstract":"A Users Manual for the Lagrangian Transport Model (LTM) is presented. The LTM uses Lagrangian calculations that are based on a reference frame moving with the river flow. The Lagrangian reference frame eliminates the need to numerically solve the convective term of the convection-diffusion equation and provides significant numerical advantages over the more commonly used Eulerian reference frame. When properly applied, the LTM can simulate riverine transport and decay processes within the accuracy required by most water quality studies. The LTM is applicable to steady or unsteady one-dimensional unidirectional flows in fixed channels with tributary and lateral inflows. Application of the LTM is relatively simple and optional capabilities improve the model 's convenience. Appendices give file formats and three example LTM applications that include the incorporation of the QUAL II water quality model 's reaction kinetics into the LTM. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864145","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., and Jobson, H., 1986, Users manual for a one-dimensional Lagrangian transport model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4145, v, 95 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864145.","productDescription":"v, 95 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4145/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58413,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jobson, H.E.","contributorId":44952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29607,"text":"wri864139 - 1986 - Quality-assurance results for field pH and specific-conductance measurements, and for laboratory analysis, National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network; January 1980-September 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri864139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4139","title":"Quality-assurance results for field pH and specific-conductance measurements, and for laboratory analysis, National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network; January 1980-September 1984","docAbstract":"Five intersite comparison studies for the field determination of pH and specific conductance, using simulated-precipitation samples, were conducted by the U.S.G.S. for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network. These comparisons were performed to estimate the precision of pH and specific conductance determinations made by sampling-site operators. Simulated-precipitation samples were prepared from nitric acid and deionized water. The estimated standard deviation for site-operator determination of pH was 0.25 for pH values ranging from 3.79 to 4.64; the estimated standard deviation for specific conductance was 4.6 microsiemens/cm at 25 C for specific-conductance values ranging from 10.4 to 59.0 microsiemens/cm at 25 C. Performance-audit samples with known analyte concentrations were prepared by the U.S.G.S.and distributed to the National Atmospheric Deposition Program 's Central Analytical Laboratory. The differences between the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and national Trends Network-reported analyte concentrations and known analyte concentrations were calculated, and the bias and precision were determined. For 1983, concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride were biased at the 99% confidence limit; concentrations of potassium and sulfate were unbiased at the 99% confidence limit. Four analytical laboratories routinely analyzing precipitation were evaluated in their analysis of identical natural- and simulated precipitation samples. Analyte bias for each laboratory was examined using analysis of variance coupled with Duncan 's multiple-range test on data produced by these laboratories, from the analysis of identical simulated-precipitation samples. Analyte precision for each laboratory has been estimated by calculating a pooled variance for each analyte. Interlaboratory comparability results may be used to normalize natural-precipitation chemistry data obtained from two or more of these laboratories. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864139","usgsCitation":"Schroder, L., Brooks, M.H., Malo, B., and Willoughby, T.C., 1986, Quality-assurance results for field pH and specific-conductance measurements, and for laboratory analysis, National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network; January 1980-September 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4139, v, 32 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864139.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58431,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686295","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malo, B.A.","contributorId":74397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malo","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willoughby, T. C.","contributorId":31791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willoughby","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29644,"text":"wri854130 - 1986 - Identification and description of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri854130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4130","title":"Identification and description of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells in Florida","docAbstract":"The results of a survey of existing wells in Florida that meet the following criteria are presented: (1) well location is known , (2) principal aquifer is known, (3) depth of well is known, (4) well casing depth is known, (5) well water had been analyzed between 1970 and 1982, and (6) well data are stored in the U.S. Geological Survey 's (USGS) computer files. Information for more than 20,000 wells in Florida were stored in the USGS Master Water Data Index of the National Water Data Exchange and in the National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System 's Groundwater Site Inventory computerized files in 1982. Wells in these computer files that had been sampled for groundwater quality before November 1982 in Florida number 13,739; 1,846 of these wells met the above criteria and are the potential (or candidate) groundwater quality monitoring wells included in this report. The distribution by principal aquifer of the 1,846 wells identified as potential groundwater quality monitoring wells is as follows: 1,022 tap the Floridan aquifer system, 114 tap the intermediate aquifers, 232 tap the surficial aquifers, 246 tap the Biscayne aquifer, and 232 tap the sand-and-gravel aquifer. These wells are located in 59 of Florida 's 67 counties. This report presents the station descriptions, which include location , site characteristics, period of record, and the type and frequency of chemical water quality data collected for each well. The 1,846 well locations are plotted on 14 USGS 1:250,000 scale, 1 degree by 2 degree, quadrangle maps. This relatively large number of potential (or candidate) monitoring wells, geographically and geohydrologically dispersed, provides a basis for a future groundwater quality monitoring network and computerized data base for Florida. There is a large variety of water quality determinations available from these wells, both areally and temporally. Future sampling of these wells would permit analyses of time and areal trends for selected water quality characteristics throughout the State. The identification and description of the potential monitoring wells and the listing of the type and frequency of the groundwater quality data forms a foundation for both the network and the data base. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854130","usgsCitation":"Seaber, P., and Thagard, M., 1986, Identification and description of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells in Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4130, v, 124 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854130.","productDescription":"v, 124 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58464,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seaber, P. R.","contributorId":53802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaber","given":"P. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thagard, M.E.","contributorId":30659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thagard","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29676,"text":"wri854280 - 1986 - Ground-water yield and potential for irrigated agriculture in the area of the Naval Magazine and Radio Transmitting Facility, Lualualei, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri854280","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4280","title":"Ground-water yield and potential for irrigated agriculture in the area of the Naval Magazine and Radio Transmitting Facility, Lualualei, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"An estimated additional 2 million gallons per day (mgd) of fresh and slightly brackish water can be developed in Lualualei Valley , Hawaii, for the agricultural outleasing project. Several of these wells could be located in the volcanic aquifer which presently produces water of excellent quality. A secondary line of wells designed to develop water from the Coralline aquifer would capture the flow not captured by the wells in the volcanic aquifer. The chloride concentration of the water pumped from these wells is expected to range between 500 and 1,500 mg/L. The amount of acreage devoted to crops would depend primarily on the water quality and quantity requirements of the type of crops cultivated and on the type of irrigation system employed. The remaining acreage could be allocated for pasture to graze beef cattle. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854280","usgsCitation":"Shade, P., and Takasaki, K., 1986, Ground-water yield and potential for irrigated agriculture in the area of the Naval Magazine and Radio Transmitting Facility, Lualualei, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4280, v, 30 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854280.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4280/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58504,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4280/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6965d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shade, P.J.","contributorId":36599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shade","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takasaki, K. J.","contributorId":44523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takasaki","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29702,"text":"wri864197 - 1986 - Estimating peak discharges, flood volumes, and hydrograph shapes of small ungaged urban streams in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri864197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4197","title":"Estimating peak discharges, flood volumes, and hydrograph shapes of small ungaged urban streams in Ohio","docAbstract":"Methods are presented for estimating peak discharges, flood volumes and hydrograph shapes of small (less than 5 sq mi) urban streams in Ohio. Examples of how to use the various regression equations and estimating techniques also are presented. Multiple-regression equations were developed for estimating peak discharges having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. The significant independent variables affecting peak discharge are drainage area, main-channel slope, average basin-elevation index, and basin-development factor. Standard errors of regression and prediction for the peak discharge equations range from +/-37% to +/-41%. An equation also was developed to estimate the flood volume of a given peak discharge. Peak discharge, drainage area, main-channel slope, and basin-development factor were found to be the significant independent variables affecting flood volumes for given peak discharges. The standard error of regression for the volume equation is +/-52%. A technique is described for estimating the shape of a runoff hydrograph by applying a specific peak discharge and the estimated lagtime to a dimensionless hydrograph. An equation for estimating the lagtime of a basin was developed. Two variables--main-channel length divided by the square root of the main-channel slope and basin-development factor--have a significant effect on basin lagtime. The standard error of regression for the lagtime equation is +/-48%. The data base for the study was established by collecting rainfall-runoff data at 30 basins distributed throughout several metropolitan areas of Ohio. Five to eight years of data were collected at a 5-min record interval. The USGS rainfall-runoff model A634 was calibrated for each site. The calibrated models were used in conjunction with long-term rainfall records to generate a long-term streamflow record for each site. Each annual peak-discharge record was fitted to a Log-Pearson Type III frequency curve. Multiple-regression techniques were then used to analyze the peak discharge data as a function of the basin characteristics of the 30 sites. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864197","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, J.M., 1986, Estimating peak discharges, flood volumes, and hydrograph shapes of small ungaged urban streams in Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4197, viii, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864197.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58521,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a451","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, J. M.","contributorId":83554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29705,"text":"wri854072 - 1986 - Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri854072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4072","title":"Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Ohio","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of the cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Ohio. Data uses and funding sources were identified for 107 continuous stream gages currently being operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in Ohio with a budget of $682,000; this budget includes field work for other projects and excludes stations jointly operated with the Miami Conservancy District. No stream gage were identified as having insufficient reason to continue their operation; nor were any station identified as having uses specifically only for short-term studies. All 107 station should be maintained in the program for the foreseeable future.\r\n\r\nThe average standard error of estimation of stream flow records is 29.2 percent at its present level of funding. A minimum budget of $679,000 is required to operate the 107-gage program; a budget less than this does no permit proper service and maintenance of the gages and recorders. At the minimum budget, the average standard error is 31.1 percent The maximum budget analyzed was $1,282,000, which resulted in an average standard error of 11.1 percent.\r\n\r\nA need for additional gages has been identified by the other agencies that cooperate in the program. It is suggested that these gage be installed as funds can be made available.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri854072","usgsCitation":"Shindel, H., and Bartlett, W., 1986, Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4072, v, 109 :ill.,maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854072.","productDescription":"v, 109 :ill.,maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58523,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shindel, H.L.","contributorId":17652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shindel","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartlett, W.P.","contributorId":76780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlett","given":"W.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29707,"text":"wri854052 - 1986 - Calibration and verification of a streamflow simulation model for the Kentucky River near Lexington and Frankfort, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri854052","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4052","title":"Calibration and verification of a streamflow simulation model for the Kentucky River near Lexington and Frankfort, Kentucky","docAbstract":"A streamflow-routing model was developed to simulate flows that could be used to evaluate stresses on the streamflow characteristics of the Kentucky River near Lexington and Frankfort. The study area was divided into four reaches, and the model simulated daily streamflows at the downstream ends of each reach. Statistical analyses on the observed and simulated flows between October 1, 1940 and September 30, 1981, were compared to evaluate the model. Observed and simulated annual minimum 7-day average discharges compared satisfactorily. Frequency analyses showed the 7-day, 10-year simulated low flow values to be about 7 to 29 percent less than the observed flows. Flow duration curves showed very close comparison between observed and simulated discharges. These statistical results indicate the model was calibrated sufficiently to give reasonable simulated values. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854052","usgsCitation":"Sholar, C., 1986, Calibration and verification of a streamflow simulation model for the Kentucky River near Lexington and Frankfort, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4052, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854052.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58525,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f95a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sholar, C.J.","contributorId":44186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sholar","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29709,"text":"wri864171 - 1986 - Water supplies in western Kentucky during 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri864171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4171","title":"Water supplies in western Kentucky during 1984","docAbstract":"An inventory was conducted between April and October 1985 of 101 major public supply systems and of self-supplied commercial and industrial water systems in a 27-county area in western Kentucky. These systems, because they withdraw at least 10,000 gal/day (gpd), are regulated by the Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Projection Cabinet (Division of Water) through a permitting program. The major purpose of the inventory was to evaluate the adequacy of these water systems to meet demands during times of drought. The inventory indicated that these systems withdrew 116.3 million gpd in 1984. The study showed that public facilities supplied 33.1 mil gpd to 471,500 people. Bowling Green Municipal Utilities in the Green River basin was the largest single public supplier. It supplied 5.05 million gpd to 48,000 people, and also sold over 1.7 million gpd to about 30 ,000 people through the Warren County Water System. Comparisons of ground- and surface-water use indicated the Lower Ohio River basin had the highest percentage of surface-water use at 97%, and the Mississippi River basin had the highest percentage of groundwater use at 41%. Sources of water were generally adequate throughout the study area. Sources for two industries, also in the Green River basin, are inadequate. Six systems may have potential problems with their treatment plant capacities because they are operating at &gt; 80% of design capacity. Three of these systems are in the Green River basin, two are in the Lower Cumberland River basin, and one is in the Tennessee River basin. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864171","usgsCitation":"Sholar, C., and Wood, P., 1986, Water supplies in western Kentucky during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4171, viii, 89 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864171.","productDescription":"viii, 89 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4171/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58527,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4171/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e336e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sholar, C.J.","contributorId":44186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sholar","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, P.A.","contributorId":106540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29713,"text":"wri854045 - 1986 - A water-resources data network evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 1; South county","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri854045","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4045","title":"A water-resources data network evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 1; South county","docAbstract":"An evaluation made of rainfall, surface water, groundwater, and water quality monitoring networks in Salinas River basin in southern Monterey County, California, proposed all long-term rain gages be continued for extending short-term records and suggested the installation of two additional recording gages. Eight new storage rain gages were suggested at midaltitudes of east and west sides of Salinas Valley where few data are available. The evaluation revealed some short-term gaging stations could be discontinued because of good regression relations between them and the long-term stations Arroyo Seco near Soledad. Of 16 stations selected for the proposed network, 4 are new recording stations, 6 are new nonrecording streamflow and water quality sampling sites, 5 are existing stations, and the last is a station operated from 1969 to 1976; also included are water quality sampling stations on Lakes Nacimiento and San Antonio. The proposed groundwater network was developed from information on geology, geohydrology, and groundwater quality, high priority objectives for groundwater network, and consideration for providing good areal coverage of levels and water quality. Of 145 sites selected, 86 are existing monitoring wells. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854045","usgsCitation":"Showalter, P.K., and Hord, S., 1986, A water-resources data network evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 1; South county: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4045, vi, 102 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854045.","productDescription":"vi, 102 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4045/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58531,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4045/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58532,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5076","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Showalter, P. K.","contributorId":61445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showalter","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hord, S.H.","contributorId":75192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hord","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29733,"text":"wri854165 - 1986 - Geohydrology and ground-water quality on Shelter Island, Suffolk County, New York, 1983-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri854165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4165","title":"Geohydrology and ground-water quality on Shelter Island, Suffolk County, New York, 1983-84","docAbstract":"Shelter Island, with an area of about 11 sq mi, lies between the north and south forks of eastern Long Island in Suffolk County. The thin upper glacial (water table) aquifer contains the lens-shaped freshwater body that is the sole source of freshwater for the Town 's population of about 2,200 year-round and 10,000 summer residents. Chloride concentrations in groundwater above the freshwater/saltwater interface, defined as 40 mg/L Cl-, are relatively constant with depth. Below the interface, however, chloride concentrations increase rapidly--as much as an order of magnitude within 10 ft--until they reach 19 ,000 mg/L, the chloride concentration of seawater. Chloride concentrations in shallow groundwater from wells screened in or near the zone of diffusion may range over two orders of magnitude in response to variations in recharge and groundwater withdrawal. After the summer season of relatively low recharge and peak water demand, the thickness of the freshwater lens is &lt; 20 ft in many nearshore areas. A map showing the configuration of the water table in December 1983 indicates freshwater mounds in the center of the island, in the Mashomack Preserve, on the Dering Harbor-Hay Beach peninsula, and in the area between Shelter Island Heights and West Neck Bay. Areas in which the supply of fresh groundwater is severely limited include all coastal areas, the southernmost part of the West Neck peninsula, and Little Ram Island. Water levels in most locations are &lt; 6 ft above sea level. During 1974-83, seasonal water table fluctuations were greater than variations that occurred from year to year. Groundwater quality on Shelter Island is generally good and usually meets Federal and State drinking water standards. However, many wells contain water that has excessive concentrations of dissolved iron and manganese (up to 5.0 mg/L and 3.0 mg/L, respectively), and elevated chloride and dissolved solids concentrations (up to 310 mg/L and 585 mg/L, respectively) have been found in some nearshore wells. Increased withdrawal of fresh groundwater in nearshore areas will cause further landward movement of saline groundwater; in other areas, excessive pumping may cause upconing. A system of widely spaced pumping wells that avoid nearshore areas would minimize these effects. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854165","usgsCitation":"Simmons, D.L., 1986, Geohydrology and ground-water quality on Shelter Island, Suffolk County, New York, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4165, v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854165.","productDescription":"v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4165/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58540,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simmons, D. L.","contributorId":105325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29743,"text":"wri854106 - 1986 - Measurement of scour-depth near bridge piers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T10:44:56","indexId":"wri854106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4106","title":"Measurement of scour-depth near bridge piers","docAbstract":"<p>River-bed scour is a major source of damage to bridge piers and bridge abutments. When scour depth exceeds design limits, the supporting material around the footings is washed away and the structure becomes unstable. Equations for predicting scour-depth show a significant lack of agreement so portable equipment for measuring scour is needed.</p>\n<p>This report discusses the design of an instrumented, unmanned boat that (a) can be launched and controlled from a bridge and (b) can be maneuvered in flood flows that reach velocities of 15 feet per second. Calculations indicate the battery-powered propulsive system alone will weigh about 300 pounds and that the craft must be about 15-feet long.</p>\n<p>Because a free-running craft will be undesirably heavy and large, other methods of obtaining scour data are proposed. A tethered craft fitted with a controllable rudder and some methods of measuring scour at a point are presented for future study and development.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Minneapolis, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Association","usgsCitation":"Skinner, J.V., 1986, Measurement of scour-depth near bridge piers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4106, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854106.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58543,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6111c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, J. V.","contributorId":32504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}