{"pageNumber":"4421","pageRowStart":"110500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184858,"records":[{"id":28838,"text":"wri874200 - 1990 - Geochemistry of batch-extract waters derived from spoil material collected at the Cordero coal mine, Powder River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri874200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4200","title":"Geochemistry of batch-extract waters derived from spoil material collected at the Cordero coal mine, Powder River basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Batch-mixing experiments to evaluate postmining water quality at the Cordero Mine were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1984 to 1985. Contact of groundwater from the spoil aquifer with fresh spoil material caused only small changes in major-element concentrations and in pH, unless sulfide oxidation or contact with soluble salts, such as epsomite, occurred. In contrast, large changes in major-element concentration resulted when water from the coal aquifer contacted the spoil material. Only three of seven reaction models considered to explain the water quality changes during the batch-mixing experiments were consistent with the thermodynamic and mineralogical data. The three models used to account for the observed water quality changes derived potassium from potassium feldspar; magnesium from chlorite or epsomite or both; sodium from cation exchange and halite; chloride from halite; silica from potassium feldspar and chlorite; sulfate from gypsum, or epsomite or both, and carbon from carbon dioxide. In general, water quality samples obtained from the batch-mixing experiments using water from the coal aquifer had smaller major-ion concentrations than the actual water quality in the spoil aquifer. These differences can be explained by the limited amount of efflorescent salt dissolution and volume of water used in the experiments. Correction ratios calculated for these experiments may be applied to batch-mixing experiments at other mines in the area, to predict postmining water quality. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874200","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., 1990, Geochemistry of batch-extract waters derived from spoil material collected at the Cordero coal mine, Powder River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4200, vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874200.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4200/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57713,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a844c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29026,"text":"wri904092 - 1990 - Hydrogeology and preliminary assessment of the potential for contamination of the Memphis aquifer in the Memphis area, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri904092","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4092","title":"Hydrogeology and preliminary assessment of the potential for contamination of the Memphis aquifer in the Memphis area, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Detailed maps of the thickness of the\r\nJackson-upper Claibome confining unit and the\r\naltitude of the water table in the alluvium andfluvial\r\ndeposits provide much new information concerning\r\nareas where downward leakage is or may be\r\noccurringfrom the water-table aquifers to theMemphrj\r\naqutyer in the Memphis area. A detailed map\r\nof the altitude of the potentiometric surface of the\r\nMemphis aquifer and the locations of 44sites where\r\ncontaminants have been detected in the water-table\r\naquifers indicate that many of these sites are located\r\nin areas where the direction of ground-water flow in\r\nthe Memphis aquifer is toward municipal well\r\nfields. Consequently, if contaminants enter the\r\nMemphis aquifer, a hydraulic potential exists for\r\ntheir transport to those wellfields.\r\nRecently (19&S-88), volatile organic compounds\r\nwere detected in water from five municipal\r\nwells screened in the Memphis aquifer - three in the\r\nAllen well field of the Memphis Light, Gas and\r\nWater Division at Memphis and two in the west well\r\nfield at Collierville. Concentrations of seven volatile\r\norganic compounds totaled about II microgramsperliterin\r\nasamplefrom one well in theAllen\r\nwellfield at Memphis, and the concentration of one\r\ncompound was 25 micrograms per liter in a sample\r\nj?om one well at Collierville. These are the first\r\nreported occurrences of synthetic organic compounds\r\nin the Memphis aquifer andprove that the\r\nprincipal aquifer in the Memphis area is vulnerable\r\nto contamination.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904092","usgsCitation":"Parks, W.S., 1990, Hydrogeology and preliminary assessment of the potential for contamination of the Memphis aquifer in the Memphis area, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4092, iv, 39 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904092.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2293,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri904092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":57887,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4092/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57888,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4092/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57889,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4092/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57890,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4092/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a642b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, W. S.","contributorId":99555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20023,"text":"ofr90654 - 1990 - Geologic map of the Coastal Plain and upland deposits, Washington West quadrangle, Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T19:15:07.772722","indexId":"ofr90654","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-654","title":"Geologic map of the Coastal Plain and upland deposits, Washington West quadrangle, Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr90654","usgsCitation":"McCartan, L., 1990, Geologic map of the Coastal Plain and upland deposits, Washington West quadrangle, Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-654, Report: 16 p.; 1 Plate: 24.06 × 35.72 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90654.","productDescription":"Report: 16 p.; 1 Plate: 24.06 × 35.72 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":397624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19119.htm"},{"id":153114,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0654/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49551,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0654/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49552,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0654/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Washington D.C., Washington West quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.125,\n              38.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -77,\n              38.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -77,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.125,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.125,\n              38.875\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ae4b07f02db69c9ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCartan, Lucy","contributorId":87960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCartan","given":"Lucy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29025,"text":"wri884182 - 1990 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Memphis Sand in western Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri884182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4182","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Memphis Sand in western Tennessee","docAbstract":"The Memphis Sand of the Claiborne Group of Tertiary age underlies approximately 7,400 square miles in western Tennessee. The formation primarily consists of a thick body of veryfine to very coarse sand that includes subordinate lenses or beds of clay and silt at various horizons. The Memphis Sand ranges from 0 to about 900 feet in thickness, but where the original thickness is preserved, it is about 400 to 900 feet thick. The Memphis Sand yields water to wells in most of the area of occurrence in western Tennessee and, where saturated, makes up the Memphis aquifer.\r\n\r\nRecharge to the Memphis aquifer is from precipitation on the outcrop, which is a broad belt across western Tennessee, or by downward infiltration of water from the overlying fluvial deposits of Tertiary(?) and Quatemary age and alluvium of Quatemary age. Long-term data from five observation wells indicate that water levels have declined at average rates rangingfrom less than 0.1 to 1.3 feet per year during the period 1928-83. The largest declines have been in the Memphis area. Water from the Memphis aquifer generally is a calcium bicarbonate type, but locally is a sodium bicarbonate or mixed type. The water contains low concentrations of most major constituents and generally is suitable for most uses. Dissolved-solids concentrations range from 19 to 333 milligrams per liter. The results from 76 aquifer tests made in the Memphis area and western Tennessee during the period 1949-62 indicate that transmissivities range from 2,700 to 53,500 feet squared per day, and storage coefficients range from 0.0001 to 0.003. The Memphis aquifer provides moderate to large quantities of water for many public and industrial water supplies in western Tennessee and small quantities to numerous domestic and farm wells. Withdrawals for public and industrial supplies in 1983 averaged about 227 million gallons per day, of which 183 million gallons per day were in the Memphis area. The Memphis aquifer has much potential for future use, particularly at places outside the Memphis area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884182","usgsCitation":"Parks, W.S., and Carmichael, J.K., 1990, Geology and ground-water resources of the Memphis Sand in western Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4182, iv, 30 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884182.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2292,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri88-4182","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_88_4182.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6854ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, William Scott","contributorId":52148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, J. K.","contributorId":90276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29023,"text":"wri884181 - 1990 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Cockfield Formation in western Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri884181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4181","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Cockfield Formation in western Tennessee","docAbstract":"The Cockfield Formation of the Claiborne Group of Tertiary age underlies approximately 4,000 sq mi in western Tennessee. The formation consists primarily of lenticular beds of very fine to coarse sand, silt, clay, and lignite. The Cockfield Formation has been extensively eroded, and the original thickness is preserved only in a few areas where the formation ranges from 235 to 270 ft in thickness. Recharge to the Cockfield aquifer is from precipitation on sparse outcrops or by downward infiltration of water from the overlying fluvial deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age and alluvium of Quaternary age or, where present, the overlying Jackson Formation of Tertiary age. Data from two observation wells indicate that water levels have risen at average rates of about 0.5 and 0.7 ft/year during the period 1980-85. Water from the Cockfield aquifer is a calcium bicarbonate type that contains low concentrations of most major constituents, and generally is suitable for most uses. Dissolved-solids concentrations range from 44 to 218 mg/L. Data from two aquifer tests indicate transmissivities of 2,500 and 6 ,000 sq ft/day and storage coefficients of 0.0003 and 0.0007, respectively. The Cockfield aquifer presently provides small to moderate quantities of water for several public and industrial water supplies and small quantities to numerous domestic and farm wells. Withdrawals for public and industrial supplies in 1983 averaged about 3.3 million gal/day. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884181","usgsCitation":"Parks, W.S., and Carmichael, J.K., 1990, Geology and ground-water resources of the Cockfield Formation in western Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4181, iv, 17 p. :ill. (some col.), one col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884181.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill. (some col.), one col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2290,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri88-4181","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_88_4181.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, W. S.","contributorId":99555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, J. K.","contributorId":90276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29020,"text":"wri894048 - 1990 - Altitude of potentiometric surface, fall 1985, and historic water-level changes in the Fort Pillow aquifer in western Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri894048","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4048","title":"Altitude of potentiometric surface, fall 1985, and historic water-level changes in the Fort Pillow aquifer in western Tennessee","docAbstract":"Recharge to the Fort Pillow aquifer of Tertiary age in Tennessee is from precipitation on the outcrop, which forms a narrow belt across western Tennessee, and by downward infiltration of water from the overlying fluvial deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age and alluvium of Quaternary age or, where the upper confining unit is absent, from the overlying Memphis aquifer of Tertiary age. The potentiometric surface in the Fort Pillow aquifer slopes gently westward from the outcrop-recharge area, and the water moves slowly in that direction. A depression in the potentiometric surface in the Memphis area is the result of past pumping at Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division (MLGW) well fields (1924-74), and past and present pumping at an industrial well field at Memphis, and the municipal well field at West Memphis, Ark. Water levels in areas affected by pumping have declined at average rates ranging from 0.4 to 0. 9 ft/year during the period 1945-85. The greatest rate of decline was as much as 4.0 ft/year between 1945 and 1954 in an observation well in a well field of MLGW at Memphis. In 1971, MLGW ceased pumping from the Fort Pillow aquifer at this well field, and between 1972 and 1976, water levels rose about 28 ft in this well. Withdrawals from the Fort Pillow aquifer in western Tennessee in 1985 averaged about 12 million gal/day. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894048","usgsCitation":"Parks, W.S., and Carmichael, J.K., 1990, Altitude of potentiometric surface, fall 1985, and historic water-level changes in the Fort Pillow aquifer in western Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4048, iii, 8 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894048.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2288,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri89-4048","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_89_4048.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689b98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, W. S.","contributorId":99555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, J. K.","contributorId":90276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28448,"text":"wri904150 - 1990 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the St Peter aquifer in an area contaminated by coal-tar derivatives, St Louis Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T19:48:03.37146","indexId":"wri904150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4150","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the St Peter aquifer in an area contaminated by coal-tar derivatives, St Louis Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>A model constructed to simulate ground-water flow in part of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan and St. Peter aquifers, St. Louis Park, Minnesota, was used to test hypotheses about the movement of ground water contaminated with coal-tar derivatives and to simulate alternatives for reducing the downgradient movement of contamination in the St. Peter aquifer. The model, constructed for a previous study, was applied to simulate the effects of current ground-water withdrawals on the potentiometric surface of the St. Peter aquifer. Multiaquifer wells served as conduits for vertical exchange of water from the St. Peter aquifer to the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer. Model simulations predict that the multiaquifer wells have the potential to limit downgradient migration of contaminants in the St. Peter aquifer caused by cones of depression created around the multiaquifer wells. Differences in vertical leakage to the St. Peter aquifer may exist in areas of bedrock valleys. Model simulations indicate that these differences are not likely to affect significantly the general patterns of ground-water flow.</p>\n<p>Model simulations also indicated that drawdown caused by pumping two wells, each pumping at 75 gallons per minute and located about 1 mile southeast of the source of contamination, would be effective in controlling movement and volume of contaminated ground water in the immediate area of the source of contamination. Some contamination may already have moved beyond the influence of these wells, however, because of a complex set of hydraulic conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri904150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, D., and Stark, J., 1990, Simulation of ground-water flow in the St Peter aquifer in an area contaminated by coal-tar derivatives, St Louis Park, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4150, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904150.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57251,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4150/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4150/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":408281,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47405.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Louis Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.4988021850586,\n              44.87436239539944\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4988021850586,\n              45.000009785501575\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.25504302978516,\n              45.000009785501575\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.25504302978516,\n              44.87436239539944\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4988021850586,\n              44.87436239539944\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f26b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28934,"text":"wri874156 - 1990 - Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri874156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4156","title":"Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Skunk Creek aquifer, a major glacial outwash deposit in the Skunk Creek drainage basin, consists of a 30-sq-mi shallow stream connected sand and gravel aquifer in southeastern South Dakota. The aquifer thickness ranges from 1 to 74 ft. Average annual fluctuation of the water table is 2.5 ft. The water has an average dissolved-solids content of 620 mg/L and is very hard , averaging 403 mg/L calcium carbonate hardness. A numerical model was developed and calibrated under steady-state and transient conditions. The model contained 484 active nodes each representing 0.0625 sq mi. Hydraulic conductivities of the aquifer used in the model range from 10 to 400 ft/d, and average specific yield is 20%. Recharge from infiltration of precipitation was estimated to be 6 inches/yr or 24% of average annual precipitation. Maximum evapotranspiration rate was 32 inches/yr and the evapotranspiration extinction depth for the model was 5 ft. The steady-state hydrologic budget was about 11 ,000 acre-ft/yr. Recharge by precipitation was about 9,500 acre-ft and recharge from streams was about 1,100 acre-ft. Discharge by evapotranspiration was about 5,000 acre-ft and discharge to streams was about 5,700 acre-ft. A hypothetical simulation to determine maximum withdrawal under steady-state conditions resulted in a groundwater withdrawal of about 15,700 acre-ft/yr from 19 hypothetical wells pumping at a rate of 500 gal/min and 13 existing wells pumping at a combined average rate of 24 gal/min. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874156","usgsCitation":"Ohland, G., 1990, Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4156, v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874156.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57807,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohland, G.L.","contributorId":45749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohland","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28587,"text":"wri894185 - 1990 - Effects of storm runoff on water quality in the White River and Fall Creek, Indianapolis, Indiana, June through October 1986 and 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri894185","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4185","title":"Effects of storm runoff on water quality in the White River and Fall Creek, Indianapolis, Indiana, June through October 1986 and 1987","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Report Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894185","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., and Craig, R., 1990, Effects of storm runoff on water quality in the White River and Fall Creek, Indianapolis, Indiana, June through October 1986 and 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4185, vii, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894185.","productDescription":"vii, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4185/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57415,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4185/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6115bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":40609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craig, R.A.","contributorId":66740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28594,"text":"wri904031 - 1990 - Effects of channel modifications on the hydrology of Chicod Creek basin, North Carolina, 1975-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T11:42:32","indexId":"wri904031","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4031","title":"Effects of channel modifications on the hydrology of Chicod Creek basin, North Carolina, 1975-87","docAbstract":"Drainage modifications in this Coastal Plain basin from 1978 to 1981 consisted of channel excavation and clearing of blockages. A study was begun in 1975 to define hydrologic conditions of the basin before, during, and after modifications and to determine what changes were attributed to modifications. Surface-water conditions were altered during and following modifications. Minimum flow at Juniper Branch was increased from less than 0.1 cu ft/sec to 0.4 cu ft/second;streamflow variability was reduced from an index of 0.87 to 0.49. In-channel velocity at Chicod Creek was increased from a mean of 0.4 ft/sec to 1.5 ft/sec. Substantial groundwater level declines were observed in wells 180 and 250 ft from Juniper Branch during the modifications phase;these were 0.4 and 0.2 ft, respectively. However, most surface-water and groundwater conditions returned nearly to premodification levels by 1987. Water-quality characteristics monitored during the investigation included physical, chemical, and bacteriological characteristics. Physical characteristics monitored were suspended sediment, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Of these physical characteristics, only sediment concentrations increased substantially during channel modifications. Chemical characteristics studied were major dissolved constituents, nutrients, trace metals, and pesticides. Substantial changes ranged from a decline in total iron concentrations of 77% to an increase in total nitrite concentrations of 130%. Changes in many chemical characteristics persisted following channel modifications. Bacterial counts did not change substantially.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904031","usgsCitation":"Mason, R., Simmons, C., and Watkins, S., 1990, Effects of channel modifications on the hydrology of Chicod Creek basin, North Carolina, 1975-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4031, vii, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904031.","productDescription":"vii, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57423,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4031/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Chicod Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.167724609375,\n              35.55010533588552\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.167724609375,\n              36.41244153535644\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.86035156249999,\n              36.41244153535644\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.86035156249999,\n              35.55010533588552\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.167724609375,\n              35.55010533588552\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6234c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, R.R. Jr.","contributorId":71590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, C.E.","contributorId":32572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watkins, S.A.","contributorId":83962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28823,"text":"wri904043 - 1990 - Hydrogeology and ground-water-quality conditions at the Emporia- Lyon County Landfill, eastern Kansas, 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri904043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4043","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water-quality conditions at the Emporia- Lyon County Landfill, eastern Kansas, 1988","docAbstract":"Hydrogeology and water-quality conditions at the Emporia-Lyon County Landfill, eastern Kansas, were investigated from April 1988 through April 1989. Potentiometric-surface maps indicated groundwater movement from the northeast and northwest towards the landfill and then south through the landfill to the Cottonwood River. The maps indicate that during periods of low groundwater levels, groundwater flows northward in the north-west part of the landfill, which may have been induced by water withdrawal from wells north of the landfill or by water ponded in waste lagoons south and west of the landfill. Chemical analysis of water samples from monitoring wells upgradient and downgradient of the landfill indicate calcium bicarbonate to be the dominant water type. No inorganic or organic chemical concentrations exceeded Kansas or Federal primary drinking-water standards. Kansas secondary drinking-water standards were equaled or exceeded, however, in water from some or all wells for total hardness, dissolved solids, iron, and manganese. Water from one upgradient well contained larger concentrations of dissolved oxygen and nitrate, and smaller concentrations of bicarbonate, alkalinity, ammonia, arsenic, iron, and manganese as compared to all other monitoring wells. Results of this investigation indicate that groundwater quality downgradient of well MW-2 has increased concentrations of some inorganic and organic compounds. Due to the industrial nature of the area and the changing directions of groundwater flow, it is not clear what the source of these compounds might be. Long-term monitoring, additional wells, and access to nearby waste lagoons and waste-lagoon monitoring wells would help define the sources of increased inorganic and organic compounds. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904043","usgsCitation":"Myers, N.C., and Bigsby, P., 1990, Hydrogeology and ground-water-quality conditions at the Emporia- Lyon County Landfill, eastern Kansas, 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4043, vi, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904043.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57683,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, N. C.","contributorId":13622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bigsby, P. R.","contributorId":54631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigsby","given":"P. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4370,"text":"cir1053 - 1990 - Probabilities of large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"cir1053","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1053","title":"Probabilities of large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/cir1053","usgsCitation":"Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 1990, Probabilities of large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1053, vi, 51 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1053.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31479,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db660d00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities","contributorId":127922,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities","id":528197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28630,"text":"wri894184 - 1990 - Simulation of the effects of ground-water withdrawal from a well field adjacent to the Rio Grande, Santa Fe County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri894184","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4184","title":"Simulation of the effects of ground-water withdrawal from a well field adjacent to the Rio Grande, Santa Fe County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894184","usgsCitation":"McAda, D.P., 1990, Simulation of the effects of ground-water withdrawal from a well field adjacent to the Rio Grande, Santa Fe County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4184, vi, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894184.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4184/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57470,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4184/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1f21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAda, D. P.","contributorId":93066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28813,"text":"wri894200 - 1990 - Hydrogeologic, water-level, and water-quality data from monitoring wells at the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T20:57:25.027065","indexId":"wri894200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4200","title":"Hydrogeologic, water-level, and water-quality data from monitoring wells at the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Unlined hazardous-waste disposal sites at the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina, are located near drinking-water supply wells that tap the Castle Hayne aquifer. Hydrogeologic and water-quality data were collected near 2 of these sites from 12 monitoring wells installed in May through June 1987.\r\n\r\nNear the northernmost landfill site, differences in hydraulic head between the surficial, intermediate Yorktown, and Castle Hayne aquifers indicate a potential for migration of contaminants downward into the intermediate Yorktown and Castle Hayne aquifers. Movement would be impeded, however, by two confining units of silty sand to sandy clay that separate these aquifers. Geophysical and lithologic data show the upper confining unit to be approximately 26 feet thick near this landfill.\r\n\r\nNear the southernmost landfill, these confining units are thin and discontinuous in an area that coincides with the location of a buried paleochannel. Static water-level data collected in this area indicate that both the Castle Hayne and Yorktown aquifers discharge into the surficial aquifer, minimizing the potential for downward contaminant movement. Ground water in the surficial aquifer at both landfills moves laterally away from nearby drinking-water supply wells and toward Slocum Creek, a tributary of the Neuse River.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of organic compounds and trace inorganic constituents included on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?s list of priority pollutants were determined for water samples from the surficial and Yorktown aquifers. High concentrations of two purgeable organic compounds, trichloroethylene and 1,2-dichloroethene (4,600 and 4,800 micrograms per liter, respectively), were detected in water samples collected from the surficial aquifer near the southernmost landfill; much smaller concentrations of trichloroethylene and 1,2-dichloroethene were detected in samples from wells in the Yorktown aquifer (up to 16 and 12 micrograms per liter, respectively). These compounds may have migrated into the Yorktown aquifer from the surficial aquifer during periods of pumping from nearby drinking-water supply wells if the pumping were sufficient to reverse the hydraulic head between these aquifers. Only trace amounts of organic compounds were detected in the surficial and Yorktown aquifers near the northernmost landfill. Trace metals were detected in most of the wells sampled near both landfills, but none exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards except for iron and manganese. Highest concentrations of priority pollutant metals detected were for zinc (60 micrograms per liter) and chromium (36 micrograms per liter).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894200","usgsCitation":"Murray, L.C., and Keoughan, K.M., 1990, Hydrogeologic, water-level, and water-quality data from monitoring wells at the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4200, v, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894200.","productDescription":"v, 86 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4200/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394275,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47276.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Cherry Point","otherGeospatial":"US Marine Corps Air Station","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.9139,\n              34.8864\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.8944,\n              34.8864\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.8944,\n              34.9222\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9139,\n              34.9222\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9139,\n              34.8864\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, L. C. Jr.","contributorId":25183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keoughan, K. M.","contributorId":94705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keoughan","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26711,"text":"wri904122 - 1990 - Hydrology and land use in Grand Traverse County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T10:33:48","indexId":"wri904122","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4122","title":"Hydrology and land use in Grand Traverse County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Glacial deposits are the sole source of ground-water supplies in Grand Traverse County. These deposits range in thickness from 100 to 900 feet and consist of till, outwash, and materials of lacustrine and eolian origin. In some areas, the deposits fill buried valleys that are 500 feet deep. Sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic age, which underlie the glacial deposits, are mostly shale and are not used for water supply. </p><p>Of the glacial deposits, outwash and lacustrine sand are the most productive aquifers. Most domestic wells obtain water from sand and gravel at depths ranging from 50 to 150 feet and yield at least 20 gallons per minute. Irrigation, municipal, and industrial wells capable of yielding 250 gallons per minute or more are generally greater than 150 feet deep. At places in the county where moranial deposits contain large amounts of interbedded silt and clay, wells are generally deeper and yields are much lower. </p><p>Areal variations in the chemical and physical characteristics of ground and surface water are related to land use and chemical inputs to the hydrologic system. Information on fertilizer application, septic-tank discharges, animal wastes, and precipitation indicate that 40 percent of nitrogen input is from precipitation, 6 percent from septic tanks, 14 percent from animal wastes, and 40 percent from fertilizers. </p><p>Streams and lakes generally have a calcium bicarbonate-type water. The dissolved-solids concentration of streams ranged from 116 to 380 milligrams per liter, and that of lakes, from 47 to 170 milligrams per liter. Water of streams is hard to very hard; water of lakes ranges from soft to hard. The maximum total nitrogen concentration found in streams was 4.4 milligrams per liter. Water of lakes have low nitrogen concentrations; the median nitrate concentration is less than 0.01 milligrams per liter. Pesticides (Parathion and Simazine) were detected in low concentrations at six stream sites; 2,4-D was detected in low concentrations in water of two lakes. Relationships between land use and the yield of dissolved and suspended substances could not be established for most stream basins. </p><p>Calcium and bicarbonate are the principal dissolved substances in ground water. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 70 to 700 milligrams per liter; the countywide mean concentration is 230 milligrams per liter. The mean nitrate concentration is 1.3 milligrams per liter; about 1.6 percent of the county's ground water has nitrate concentrations that exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum drinking water level of 10 milligrams per liter. An effect of fertilizer applications on ground-water quality is evident in some parts of the county.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri904122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Grand Traverse County and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Division","usgsCitation":"Cummings, T., Gillespie, J., and Grannemann, N., 1990, Hydrology and land use in Grand Traverse County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4122, Document: viii, 99 p.; 3 Plates: 26.93 x 38.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904122.","productDescription":"Document: viii, 99 p.; 3 Plates: 26.93 x 38.31 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55581,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4122/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55582,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4122/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55583,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4122/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55584,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Grand Traverse County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.3317,44.8158],[-85.3363,44.512],[-85.4567,44.5116],[-85.5804,44.5116],[-85.6956,44.5124],[-85.8205,44.5117],[-85.8184,44.5988],[-85.816,44.7744],[-85.6938,44.7738],[-85.6385,44.7729],[-85.6321,44.7679],[-85.6245,44.7665],[-85.6136,44.7641],[-85.6071,44.7663],[-85.5994,44.7658],[-85.5942,44.7676],[-85.5948,44.7713],[-85.5948,44.7736],[-85.5881,44.7941],[-85.5794,44.8159],[-85.5774,44.8191],[-85.5748,44.8209],[-85.5716,44.8227],[-85.5644,44.8322],[-85.5577,44.8477],[-85.5518,44.8591],[-85.5485,44.8627],[-85.5362,44.8717],[-85.5335,44.8781],[-85.5321,44.8845],[-85.5333,44.8886],[-85.5314,44.8909],[-85.5268,44.8931],[-85.5274,44.8986],[-85.5306,44.8991],[-85.5351,44.8991],[-85.5428,44.8992],[-85.5493,44.8988],[-85.5512,44.8974],[-85.5513,44.8956],[-85.5533,44.8924],[-85.5565,44.8888],[-85.5591,44.8883],[-85.5661,44.8929],[-85.5648,44.8984],[-85.5596,44.8993],[-85.5589,44.9011],[-85.5537,44.9061],[-85.5393,44.9197],[-85.5308,44.9292],[-85.53,44.9452],[-85.526,44.9497],[-85.5199,44.9707],[-85.5173,44.9743],[-85.5108,44.9765],[-85.5004,44.9801],[-85.4952,44.986],[-85.4874,44.9901],[-85.4803,44.9909],[-85.4745,44.99],[-85.4719,44.9881],[-85.4688,44.9794],[-85.4653,44.9593],[-85.4672,44.9584],[-85.4814,44.9608],[-85.4859,44.959],[-85.4879,44.9567],[-85.4873,44.9554],[-85.4867,44.949],[-85.4861,44.9439],[-85.4875,44.9398],[-85.4875,44.9389],[-85.4895,44.9339],[-85.4922,44.9285],[-85.4928,44.9262],[-85.4916,44.9207],[-85.4898,44.9166],[-85.4885,44.9143],[-85.4918,44.912],[-85.4925,44.9075],[-85.4906,44.902],[-85.49,44.8979],[-85.4934,44.8901],[-85.4941,44.8869],[-85.4929,44.8828],[-85.4935,44.8796],[-85.4988,44.8737],[-85.495,44.866],[-85.4977,44.8591],[-85.4984,44.8578],[-85.5082,44.8464],[-85.5296,44.8384],[-85.5569,44.8135],[-85.559,44.8062],[-85.5598,44.7925],[-85.5592,44.7866],[-85.5606,44.782],[-85.5697,44.7711],[-85.5698,44.7693],[-85.5737,44.7648],[-85.5744,44.762],[-85.5738,44.7575],[-85.5649,44.7528],[-85.5559,44.7514],[-85.5341,44.7476],[-85.5283,44.7498],[-85.5217,44.7584],[-85.5068,44.7688],[-85.5067,44.7716],[-85.5053,44.7812],[-85.5097,44.7857],[-85.5077,44.7907],[-85.5071,44.793],[-85.5024,44.8017],[-85.4966,44.8057],[-85.492,44.8084],[-85.4875,44.8102],[-85.4856,44.8107],[-85.4817,44.8138],[-85.4719,44.817],[-85.4615,44.8265],[-85.4587,44.8387],[-85.4528,44.8478],[-85.4501,44.8551],[-85.4443,44.8596],[-85.3831,44.8591],[-85.3787,44.8518],[-85.3763,44.844],[-85.3706,44.8353],[-85.3624,44.8284],[-85.3572,44.827],[-85.3489,44.8265],[-85.3387,44.8227],[-85.3317,44.8158]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Grand Traverse\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8f70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cummings, T. R.","contributorId":104082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillespie, J.L.","contributorId":67927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grannemann, N.G.","contributorId":11221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4006,"text":"cir1055 - 1990 - Coal resources available for development; a methodology and pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"cir1055","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1055","title":"Coal resources available for development; a methodology and pilot study","docAbstract":"Coal accounts for a major portion of our Nation's energy supply in projections for the future. A demonstrated reserve base of more than 475 billion short tons, as the Department of Energy currently estimates, indicates that, on the basis of today's rate of consumption, the United States has enough coal to meet projected energy needs for almost 200 years. However, the traditional procedures used for estimating the demonstrated reserve base do not account for many environmental and technological restrictions placed on coal mining. A new methodology has been developed to determine the quantity of coal that might actually be available for mining under current and foreseeable conditions. This methodology is unique in its approach, because it applies restrictions to the coal resource before it is mined. Previous methodologies incorporated restrictions into the recovery factor (a percentage), which was then globally applied to the reserve (minable coal) tonnage to derive a recoverable coal tonnage. None of the previous methodologies define the restrictions and their area and amount of impact specifically. Because these restrictions and their impacts are defined in this new methodology, it is possible to achieve more accurate and specific assessments of available resources. \r\n\r\nThis methodology has been tested in a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Kentucky Geological Survey on the Matewan 7.5-minute quadrangle in eastern Kentucky. Pertinent geologic, mining, land-use, and technological data were collected, assimilated, and plotted. The National Coal Resources Data System was used as the repository for data, and its geographic information system software was applied to these data to eliminate restricted coal and quantify that which is available for mining. This methodology does not consider recovery factors or the economic factors that would be considered by a company before mining. \r\n\r\nResults of the pilot study indicate that, of the estimated original 986.5 million short tons of coal resources in Kentucky's Matewan quadrangle, 13 percent has been mined, 2 percent is restricted by land-use considerations, and 23 percent is restricted by technological considerations. This leaves an estimated 62 percent of the original resource, or approximately 612 million short tons available for mining. However, only 44 percent of this available coal (266 million short tons) will meet current Environmental Protection Agency new-source performance standards for sulfur emissions from electric generating plants in the United States. In addition, coal tonnage lost during mining and cleaning would further reduce the amount of coal actually arriving at the market.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFree on application to the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir1055","usgsCitation":"Eggleston, J., Carter, M.D., and Cobb, J.C., 1990, Coal resources available for development; a methodology and pilot study: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1055, iii, 15 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1055.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":50,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1055/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31091,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1990/1055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aeefa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleston, Jane R.","contributorId":48956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Jane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, M. Devereux","contributorId":69960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Devereux","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cobb, James C.","contributorId":92654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":49418,"text":"ofr90400E - 1990 - New information resources of the U.S. Geological Survey Library System, May 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:24","indexId":"ofr90400E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-400","chapter":"E","title":"New information resources of the U.S. Geological Survey Library System, May 1990","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr90400E","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990, New information resources of the U.S. Geological Survey Library System, May 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-400, 66 p. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90400E.","productDescription":"66 p. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0400e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86062,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0400e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69766c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28778,"text":"wri904005 - 1990 - Analysis of water-quality data and sampling programs at selected sites in north-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri904005","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4005","title":"Analysis of water-quality data and sampling programs at selected sites in north-central Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nOpen-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904005","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D., 1990, Analysis of water-quality data and sampling programs at selected sites in north-central Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4005, v, 79 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904005.","productDescription":"v, 79 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4005/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57657,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6800b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, D. K.","contributorId":93525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":60941,"text":"mf2112 - 1990 - Hydrogeologic setting of springs on Short Hill Mountain, Loudoun County, northern Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T19:37:48.196446","indexId":"mf2112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2112","title":"Hydrogeologic setting of springs on Short Hill Mountain, Loudoun County, northern Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2112","usgsCitation":"Southworth, C., 1990, Hydrogeologic setting of springs on Short Hill Mountain, Loudoun County, northern Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2112, 1 Plate: 41.88 × 50.56 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2112.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 41.88 × 50.56 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282171,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2112/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":393968,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5712.htm"},{"id":183276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2112/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Loudoun County","otherGeospatial":"Short Hill Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.75,\n              39.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6667,\n              39.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6667,\n              39.325\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.75,\n              39.325\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.75,\n              39.1667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6278c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, C.S.","contributorId":51272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26984,"text":"wri884198 - 1990 - A digital simulation of the glacial-aquifer system in the northern three-fourths of Brown County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri884198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4198","title":"A digital simulation of the glacial-aquifer system in the northern three-fourths of Brown County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"A digital model was developed to simulate groundwater flow in a complex glacial-aquifer system that includes the Elm, Middle James, and Deep James aquifers in South Dakota. The average thickness of the aquifers ranges from 16 to 32 ft and the average hydraulic conductivity ranges from 240 to 300 ft/day. The maximum steady-state recharge to the aquifer system was estimated to be 7.0 in./yr, and the maximum potential steady- state evapotranspiration was estimated to be 35.4 in/yr. Maximum monthly recharge for 1985 ranged from zero in the winter to 2.5 in in May. The potential monthly evapotranspiration for 1985 ranged from zero in the winter to 7.0 in in July. The average difference between the simulated and observed water levels from steady-state conditions (pre-1983) was 0. 78 ft and the average absolute difference was 4.59 ft for aquifer layer 1 (the Elm aquifer) from 22 observation wells and 3.49 ft and 5.10 ft, respectively, for aquifer layer 2 (the Middle James aquifer) from 13 observation wells. The average difference between the simulated and observed water levels from simulated monthly potentiometric heads for 1985 in aquifer layer 1 ranged from -2.54 ft in July to 0.59 ft in May and in aquifer layer 2 ranged from -1.22 ft in April to 4.98 ft in November. Sensitivity analysis of the steady-state model indicates that it is most sensitive to changes in recharge and least sensitive to changes in hydraulic conductivity. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884198","usgsCitation":"Emmons, P., 1990, A digital simulation of the glacial-aquifer system in the northern three-fourths of Brown County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4198, v, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884198.","productDescription":"v, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4198/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55871,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmons, P.J.","contributorId":60630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmons","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":64651,"text":"i1508E - 1990 - Geologic sketches of Many Glacier, Hidden Lake Pass, Comeau Pass, and Bears Hump Viewpoint, Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, Alberta, Canada and Montana, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:55","indexId":"i1508E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1508","subseriesTitle":"NONE","chapter":"E","title":"Geologic sketches of Many Glacier, Hidden Lake Pass, Comeau Pass, and Bears Hump Viewpoint, Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, Alberta, Canada and Montana, United States","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1508E","usgsCitation":"Alpha, T.R., and Nelson, W.H., 1990, Geologic sketches of Many Glacier, Hidden Lake Pass, Comeau Pass, and Bears Hump Viewpoint, Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, Alberta, Canada and Montana, United States: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1508, 8 views on 2 sheets ;sheets 94 x 81 cm. and 84 x 94 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1508E.","productDescription":"8 views on 2 sheets ;sheets 94 x 81 cm. and 84 x 94 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91421,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1508e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91422,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1508e/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,48.63333333333333 ], [ -114.5,49.166666666666664 ], [ -113.5,49.166666666666664 ], [ -113.5,48.63333333333333 ], [ -114.5,48.63333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6881d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpha, T. R.","contributorId":20715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, W. H.","contributorId":100336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18942,"text":"ofr9097 - 1990 - U.S. Great Lakes Shoreline mapping plan developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:25","indexId":"ofr9097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-97","title":"U.S. Great Lakes Shoreline mapping plan developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and U.S. Geological Survey","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9097","usgsCitation":"Folger, D.W., Andreasen, C., and Chambers, M., 1990, U.S. Great Lakes Shoreline mapping plan developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-97, 65 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9097.","productDescription":"65 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0097/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48340,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611b15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Folger, D. W.","contributorId":97126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andreasen, Christian","contributorId":54618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chambers, M.J.","contributorId":93009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":17686,"text":"ofr90648 - 1990 - Soil gas radon compared to aerial and ground gamma-ray measurements at study sites near Greeley and Fort Collins, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:19","indexId":"ofr90648","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-648","title":"Soil gas radon compared to aerial and ground gamma-ray measurements at study sites near Greeley and Fort Collins, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr90648","usgsCitation":"Duval, J.S., Reimer, G., Schumann, R., Owen, D., and Otton, J.K., 1990, Soil gas radon compared to aerial and ground gamma-ray measurements at study sites near Greeley and Fort Collins, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-648, 42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90648.","productDescription":"42 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0648/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46909,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0648/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edbe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duval, J. S.","contributorId":15200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimer, G.M.","contributorId":59800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumann, R.R.","contributorId":14429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Owen, D.E.","contributorId":35336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Otton, J. K.","contributorId":52589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":18802,"text":"ofr9048 - 1990 - Joint spacings, mineral modes and grain size measurements for selected granitic rocks in the northern Rockies and in southwest England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr9048","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-48","title":"Joint spacings, mineral modes and grain size measurements for selected granitic rocks in the northern Rockies and in southwest England","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9048","usgsCitation":"Ehlen, J., and Zen, E., 1990, Joint spacings, mineral modes and grain size measurements for selected granitic rocks in the northern Rockies and in southwest England: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-48, ii, 105 p. :ill. ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (5 1/4 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9048.","productDescription":"ii, 105 p. :ill. ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (5 1/4 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48169,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ehlen, Judy","contributorId":92106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlen","given":"Judy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zen, E-an","contributorId":38564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E-an","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17771,"text":"ofr90635 - 1990 - Tektites in Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary rocks on Haiti","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:27","indexId":"ofr90635","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-635","title":"Tektites in Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary rocks on Haiti","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr90635","usgsCitation":"Izett, G., Maurrasse, F., Lichte, F., Meeker, G., and Bates, R., 1990, Tektites in Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary rocks on Haiti: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-635, 31 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90635.","productDescription":"31 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0635/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47014,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0635/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izett, G. A.","contributorId":21131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izett","given":"G. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maurrasse, F.J.","contributorId":7964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurrasse","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bates, Robin","contributorId":31625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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