{"pageNumber":"444","pageRowStart":"11075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":70017097,"text":"70017097 - 1994 - Distribution and transport of selected anthropogenic organic compounds on Mississippi River suspended sediment (U.S.A.), May/June 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T08:11:25","indexId":"70017097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and transport of selected anthropogenic organic compounds on Mississippi River suspended sediment (U.S.A.), May/June 1988","docAbstract":"The distribution and transport of selected hydrophobic halogenated organic compounds on suspended sediment from the lower Mississippi River were determined using discharge-weighted sampling with concurrent discharge measurements. Trends in compound concentration from upstream to downstream and the effects of selected tributaries were determined. The compounds identified on the suspended sediment include pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, pentachloroanisole, dacthal, chlordane (trans-), nonachlor (trans-), chlorthalonil, and penta-, hexa-, hepta- and octachlorobiphenyls. Loads of most of the compounds increased from upstream to downstream on the main stem of the Mississippi River. Of the tributaries studied, the Ohio River had the most significant effect on the loads.The distribution and transport of selected hydrophobic halogenated organic compounds on suspended sediment from the lower Mississippi River were determined using discharge-weighted sampling with concurrent discharge measurements. Trends in compound concentration from upstream to downstream and the effects of selected tributaries were determined. The compounds identified on the suspended sediment include pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, pentachloroanisole, dacthal, chlordane (trans-), nonachlor (trans-), chlorthalonil, and penta-, hexa-, hepta- and octachlorobiphenyls. Loads of most of the compounds increased from upstream to downstream on the main stem of the Mississippi River. Of the tributaries studied, the Ohio River had the most significant effect on the loads.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(94)90051-5","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C., Pereira, W.E., and Leiker, T., 1994, Distribution and transport of selected anthropogenic organic compounds on Mississippi River suspended sediment (U.S.A.), May/June 1988: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 16, no. 2, p. 175-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(94)90051-5.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"199","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205526,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(94)90051-5"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02abe4b0c8380cd5015a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017078,"text":"70017078 - 1994 - The use of slug tests to describe vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-23T11:09:46.881574","indexId":"70017078","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of slug tests to describe vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id6\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id7\"><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Multilevel slug tests provide one means of obtaining estimates of hydraulic conductivity on a scale of relevance for contaminant transport investigations. A numerical model is employed here to assess the potential of multilevel slug tests to provide information about vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity under conditions commonly faced in field settings. The results of the numerical simulations raise several important issues concerning the effectiveness of this technique. If the length of the test interval is of the order of the average layer thickness, considerable error may be introduced into the conductivity estimates owing to the effects of adjoining layers. The influence of adjoining layers is dependent on the aspect ratio (length of test interval/well radius) of the tesy interval and the flow properties of the individual layers. If a low-permeability skin is present at the well, the measured vertical variations will be much less than the actual variations, owing to the influence of the skin conductivity on the parameter estimates. A high-permeability skin can also produce apparent vertical variations that are much less than the actual, owing to water flowing vertically along the conductive skin. In cases where the test interval spans a number of layers, a slug test will yield an approximate thickness-weighted average of the hydraulic conductivities of the intersected layers. In most cases, packer circumvention should not be a major concern when packers of 0.75 m or longer are employed. Results of this study are substantiated by recently reported field tests that demonstrate the importance of well emplacement and development activities for obtaining meaningful estimates from a program of multilevel slug tests.</div></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)90075-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Butler, J., Bohling, G.C., Hyder, Z., and McElwee, C., 1994, The use of slug tests to describe vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity: Journal of Hydrology, v. 156, no. 1-4, p. 137-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90075-2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb198e4b08c986b325359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, J.J. Jr.","contributorId":12194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"J.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hyder, Z.","contributorId":44673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyder","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McElwee, C.D.","contributorId":66408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElwee","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017055,"text":"70017055 - 1994 - Chemistry of manganese precipitation in Pinal Creek, Arizona, USA: A laboratory study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:28:55","indexId":"70017055","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry of manganese precipitation in Pinal Creek, Arizona, USA: A laboratory study","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater underlying the valley of Pinal Creek downstream from Globe, Arizona, has been contaminated by low-pH metal-enriched wastewater from copper mining and ore processing at Miami, Arizona. At present, the acidity and most of the dissolved metal content, except for Mn, of the wastewater is removed by reactions with carbonate and other solids in the alluvial aquifer before the neutralized contaminated water enters the creek channel and becomes surface flow. Where flow in the creek is perennial, Mn-bearing precipitates are formed in the stream bed and in some places in the subsurface. As an aid to understanding the processes involved and explaining the mineralogy of the precipitates, closely controlled laboratory redox titration experiments were performed on samples of surface flow and groundwater taken near the head of perennial flow in the creek.</p><p>The high content of dissolved Ca, Mg, Mn and COP<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>species in the neutralized contaminated groundwater caused precipitation of some of the Mn as kutnahorite, (Mn, Mg)Ca(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, when the experimental system was held between pH 8.5 and 9.0 while CO<sub>2</sub>-free air was bubbled into the solution. Hausmannite and manganite also were precipitated, in somewhat lower amounts. When the concentrations of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>species in the groundwater sample were decreased before the experiment was started, the Mn precipitated was predominantly in the oxides hausmannite and manganite. In some of the experimental titrations clinoenstatite, (MgSiO<sub>3</sub>), was precipitated. After titrations were stopped the solutions and precipitates were allowed to stand, with limited access to the atmosphere, for several months. During this aging period the degree of oxidation of the precipitated Mn increased and in one precipitate from an experimental solution the Ca + Mn<sup>4+</sup>oxides todorokite and takanelite were identified. These oxides also have been identified in streambed precipitates. Some of these precipitates also gave X-ray diffraction reflections for kutnahorite.</p><p>Thermodynamic feasibilities of eight potential chemical reactions forming solid phases of interest were evaluated by calculating their respective reaction affinities attained during titration and aging. The results are in general agreement with the indications for the presence of these species given by X-ray and electron diffraction. The presence of carbonates in precipitated encrustations formed from groundwater below the land surface and their occurrence in manganese oxide crusts that precipitate from the creek water, also are predicted by these results.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(94)90562-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hem, J., and Lind, C.J., 1994, Chemistry of manganese precipitation in Pinal Creek, Arizona, USA: A laboratory study: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 6, p. 1601-1613, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90562-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1601","endPage":"1613","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5aae4b0c8380cd4c35b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lind, Carol J.","contributorId":36110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017601,"text":"70017601 - 1994 - A pore-pressure diffusion model for estimating landslide-inducing rainfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T00:03:38.493693","indexId":"70017601","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A pore-pressure diffusion model for estimating landslide-inducing rainfall","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-lg-9 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body show-references \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Many types of landslide movement are induced by large rainstorms, and empirical rainfall intensity/duration thresholds for initiating movement have been determined for various parts of the world. In this paper, I present a simple pressure diffusion model that provides a physically based hydrologic link between rainfall intensity/duration at the ground surface and destabilizing pore-water pressures at depth. The model approximates rainfall infiltration as a sinusoidally varying flux over time and uses physical parameters that can be determined independently. If destabilizing pore pressures can be estimated, then the model enables the development of a stability criterion defining destabilizing rainfall intensity/duration conditions. Using a comprehensive data set from an intensively monitored landslide, I demonstrate that the model is capable of distinguishing movement-inducing rainstorms.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629714","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Reid, M., 1994, A pore-pressure diffusion model for estimating landslide-inducing rainfall: Journal of Geology, v. 102, no. 6, p. 709-717, https://doi.org/10.1086/629714.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"717","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228567,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4e0e4b0c8380cd469c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017579,"text":"70017579 - 1994 - Ionic strength and DOC determinations from various freshwater sources to the San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T06:58:30","indexId":"70017579","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ionic strength and DOC determinations from various freshwater sources to the San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>An exact estimation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) within the salinity gradient of zinc and copper metals is significant in understanding the limit to which DOC could influence metal speciation. A low-temperature persulfate/oxygen/ultraviolet wet oxidation procedure was utilized for analyzing DOC samples adapted for ionic strength from major freshwater sources of the northern and southern regions of San Francisco Bay. The ionic strength of samples was modified with a chemically defined seawater medium up to 0.7M. Based on the results, a minimum effect of ionic strength on oxidation proficiency for DOC sources to the Bay over an ionic strength gradient of 0.0 to 0.7 M was observed. There was no major impacts of ionic strength on two Suwanee River fulvic acids. In general, the noted effects associated with ionic strength were smaller than the variances seen in the aquatic environment between high- and low-temperature methods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00198505","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Hunter, Y., and Kuwabara, J., 1994, Ionic strength and DOC determinations from various freshwater sources to the San Francisco Bay: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 52, no. 2, p. 311-318, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00198505.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"318","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.0084228515625,\n              37.243448378654115\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0084228515625,\n              38.171273439283084\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70379638671874,\n              38.171273439283084\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70379638671874,\n              37.243448378654115\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0084228515625,\n              37.243448378654115\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ed9e4b0c8380cd640b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, Y.R.","contributorId":31542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Y.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017578,"text":"70017578 - 1994 - The feasibility of recharge rate determinations using the steady-state centrifuge method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:34:46","indexId":"70017578","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The feasibility of recharge rate determinations using the steady-state centrifuge method","docAbstract":"<p>The establishment of steady unsaturated flow in a centrifuge permits accurate measurement of small values of hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>). This method can provide a recharge determination if it is applied to an unsaturated core sample from a depth at which gravity alone drives the flow. A<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;</span>value determined at the in situ water content indicates the long-term average recharge rate at a point. Tests of this approach have been made at two sites. Unsaturated<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values were measured easily for sandy core samples from a site in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The results indicate that a better knowledge of the matric pressure profiles is required before a recharge rate can be determined. Fine-textured cores from a site in southeastern Washington required new developments of apparatus and procedures, especially for making centrifuge measurements with minimal compaction of the samples. Measured<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values led to preliminary recharge rate determinations that are reasonable considering the known hydrology and topography of the site.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800010007x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J., Stonestrom, D.A., and Akstin, K., 1994, The feasibility of recharge rate determinations using the steady-state centrifuge method: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 58, no. 1, p. 49-56, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800010007x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babffe4b08c986b3231e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akstin, K.C.","contributorId":105445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"K.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016582,"text":"70016582 - 1994 - Sorption of chlorobenzenes to cape cod aquifer sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T12:42:19","indexId":"70016582","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of chlorobenzenes to cape cod aquifer sediments","docAbstract":"<p>Sorption of tetra- and pentachlorobenzene by sediment from a glacial outwash aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, was evaluated. Particle size and mineralogical fractions (separated based on paramagnetic susceptibility) were characterized with respect to sediment organic carbon (SOC), mineralogy, surface area, metal oxide coatings, and spatial variability. SOC increases by a factor of 10 as particle size decreases from 500-1000 to &lt;63 um. Magnetic mineral abundance is a function of particle size and increases from 5 % in the 500-1000-xm fraction to &gt; 25 % in the &lt;63-um fraction, and SOC is preferentially associated with the magnetic minerals. Sorption increases with decreasing particle size (increasing SOC, magnetic minerals, surface area, and metal oxyhydroxides), and the magnetic mineral fraction has greater sorption than the bulk or nonmagnetic fractions. Removal of SOC decreases sorption proportional to the decrease in SOC and results in a nonlinear isotherm.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00054a021","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L., 1994, Sorption of chlorobenzenes to cape cod aquifer sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 5, p. 890-897, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00054a021.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"890","endPage":"897","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b930de4b08c986b31a265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L.B. II","contributorId":6097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.B.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017570,"text":"70017570 - 1994 - Modeling the effects of climate change on water resources - a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017570","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the effects of climate change on water resources - a review","docAbstract":"Hydrologic models provide a framework in which to conceptualize and investigate the relationships between climate and water resources. A review of current studies that assess the impacts of climate change using hydrologic models indicates a number of problem areas common to the variety of models applied. These problem areas include parameter estimation, scale, model validation, climate scenario generation, and data. Research needs to address these problems include development of (1) a more physically based understanding of hydrologic processes and their interactions; (2) parameter measurement and estimation techniques for application over a range of spatial and temporal scales; (3) quantitative measures of uncertainty in model parameters and model results; (4) improved methodologies of climate scenario generation; (5) detailed data sets in a variety of climatic and physiographic regions; and (6) modular modeling tools to provide a framework to facilitate interdisciplinary research. Solutions to these problems would significantly improve the capability of models to assess the effects of climate change. ?? 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01094105","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Leavesley, G., 1994, Modeling the effects of climate change on water resources - a review: Climatic Change, v. 28, no. 1-2, p. 159-177, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01094105.","startPage":"159","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206153,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01094105"},{"id":228804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c3ee4b0c8380cd6fb2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017555,"text":"70017555 - 1994 - Determination of alachlor and its sulfonic acid metabolite in water by solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T09:58:21","indexId":"70017555","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of alachlor and its sulfonic acid metabolite in water by solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac00081a022","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Aga, D., Thurman, E., and Pomes, M., 1994, Determination of alachlor and its sulfonic acid metabolite in water by solid-phase extraction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: Analytical Chemistry, v. 66, no. 9, p. 1495-1499, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00081a022.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1495","endPage":"1499","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff90e4b0c8380cd4f265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aga, D.S.","contributorId":18521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aga","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pomes, M.L.","contributorId":84393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomes","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017543,"text":"70017543 - 1994 - Global Positioning System surveying to monitor land subsidence in Sacramento Valley, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T16:13:14.098155","indexId":"70017543","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global Positioning System surveying to monitor land subsidence in Sacramento Valley, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>A subsidence research program began in 1985 to document the extent and magnitude of land subsidence in Sacramento Valley, California, an area of about 15 600 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>, using Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying. A brief description of GPS surveying is followed by a summary of each of four surveys between 1985 and 1989. In addition to periodic conventional spirit levelling, an examination was made of the changes in GPS-derived ellipsoidal height differences (summary differences) between pairs of adjacent bench marks in central Sacramento Valley from 1986 to 1989. The average rates of land subsidence in the southern Sacramento Valley for the past several decades were determined by comparing GPS-derived orthometric heights with historic published elevations. A maximum average rate of 0.053 m year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(0.90 m in 17 years) of subsidence has been measured.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626669409492765","usgsCitation":"Ikehara, M.E., 1994, Global Positioning System surveying to monitor land subsidence in Sacramento Valley, California, USA: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 39, no. 5, p. 417-429, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669409492765.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a295ae4b0c8380cd5a8ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ikehara, M. E.","contributorId":40977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikehara","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017542,"text":"70017542 - 1994 - Paleohydrology and paleochemistry of Lake Manitoba, Canada: the isotope and ostracode records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70017542","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydrology and paleochemistry of Lake Manitoba, Canada: the isotope and ostracode records","docAbstract":"Lake Manitoba, the largest lake in the Prairie region of North America, contains a fine-grained sequence of late Pleistocene and Holocene sediment that documents a complex postglacial history. This record indicates that differential isostatic rebound and changing climate have interacted with varying drainage basin size and hydrologic budget to create significant variations in lake level and limnological conditions. During the initial depositional period in the basin, the Lake Agassiz phase (???12-9 ka), ??18O of ostracodes ranged from -16??? to -5??? (PDB), implying the lake was variously dominated by cold, dilute glacial meltwater and warm to cold, slightly saline water. Candona subtriangulata, which prefers cold, dilute water, dominates the most negative ??18O intervals, when the basin was part of proglacial Lake Agassiz. At times during this early phase, the ??18O of the lake abruptly shifted to higher values; euryhaline taxa such as C. rawsoni or Limnocythere ceriotuberosa, and halobiont taxa such as L. staplini or L. sappaensis are dominant in these intervals. This positive covariance of isotope and ostracode records implies that the lake level episodically fell, isolating the Lake Manitoba basin from the main glacial lake. ??18O values from inorganic endogenic Mg-calcite in the post-Agassiz phase of Lake Manitoba trend from -4??? at 8 ka to -11??? at 4.5 ka. We interpret that this trend indicates a gradually increasing influence of isotopically low (-20??? SMOW) Paleozoic groundwater inflow, although periods of increased evaporation during this time may account for zones of less negative isotopic values. The ??18O of this inorganic calcite abruptly shifts to higher values (-6???) after ???4.5 ka due to the combined effects of increased evaporative enrichment in a closed basin lake and the increased contribution of isotopically high surface water inflow on the hydrologic budget. After ???2 ka, the ??18O of the Mg-calcite fluctuates between -13??? and -7???, implying short-term variability in the lake's hydrologic budget, with values indicating the lake varied from outflow-dominated to evaporation-dominated. The ??13C values of Mg-calcite remain nearly constant from 8 to 4.5 ka and then trend to higher values upward in the section. This pattern suggests primary productivity in the lake was initially constant but gradually increased after 4.5 ka. ?? 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00678025","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Last, W., Teller, J., and Forester, R.M., 1994, Paleohydrology and paleochemistry of Lake Manitoba, Canada: the isotope and ostracode records: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 269-282, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00678025.","startPage":"269","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678025"},{"id":228329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73fae4b0c8380cd7737e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Last, W.M.","contributorId":55593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Last","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teller, J.T.","contributorId":8243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teller","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017044,"text":"70017044 - 1994 - Comparison of energy-budget evaporation losses from two morphometrically different Florida seepage lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:29:44.706434","indexId":"70017044","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of energy-budget evaporation losses from two morphometrically different Florida seepage lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evaporation was computed by the energy-budget method for two north Florida lakes with similar surface areas but different depths, for the period May 1989 to December 1990. Lake Barco, in north-central Florida, is shallow, with an average depth of 3 m; Lake Five-O, in the Florida panhandle, is considerably deeper, with an average depth of 9.5 m. As a result, the thermal regime and seasonal evaporation rates of the lakes are different. Evaporation from the shallower lake was higher than that from the deeper lake in the winter and spring. In the late summer and autumn, however, the situation is reversed. Evaporation from the shallow lake is directly related to the amount of incoming shortwave radiation because of its limited ability to store energy. The lag in evaporation at the deeper lake is a function of the greater amount of heat that it seasonally stores and releases. The difference in annual evaporation between Lake Barco (151 cm year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and Lake Five-O (128 cm year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) is related to differences in regional climatic conditions between the two sites. Additionally, higher than normal evaporation rates at the two lakes are probably related to drought conditions experienced in north Florida during 1990, which resulted in higher temperatures and more incoming radiation. Monthly evaporation at Lake Barco could usually be estimated within 10% of the energy-budget evaporation using a constant pan coefficient. This lake may be representative of other shallow lakes that do not store considerable heat. Monthly evaporation at Lake Five-O, however, could not be estimated accurately by using an annual pan coefficient because of the large seasonal influence of change in stored heat. Monthly mass-transfer evaporation compared well with energy-budget evaporation at Lake Barco, but did not compare well at Lake Five-O. These errors may also be associated with changes in heat storage. Thus, the thermal regime of the lake must be considered to estimate accurately the seasonal evaporation rates from a deep lake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)90083-3","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sacks, L.A., Lee, T.M., and Radell, M., 1994, Comparison of energy-budget evaporation losses from two morphometrically different Florida seepage lakes: Journal of Hydrology, v. 156, no. 1-4, p. 311-334, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90083-3.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f85ee4b0c8380cd4d069","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sacks, L. A.","contributorId":83092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, T. M.","contributorId":67855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Radell, M.J.","contributorId":95104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radell","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016974,"text":"70016974 - 1994 - Relationships between atmospheric circulation and snowpack in the Gunnison River basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-23T11:13:56.599054","indexId":"70016974","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between atmospheric circulation and snowpack in the Gunnison River basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">In this study, winter mean 700 mbar height anomalies over the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the western USA are related to variability in snowpack accumulations measured on or about 1 April at 21 snowcourse stations within and near the Gunnison River basin in Colorado. Results indicate that lower than normal snowpack accumulations are primarily associated with positive 700 mbar height anomalies (anomalous anticyclonic circulation) over the western USA. Moist air from the Pacific Ocean is moved to the north of the western USA along the western margin of the anomalous anticyclonic circulation. In contrast, higher than normal snowpack accumulations are associated with negative 700 mbar height anomalies (anomalous cyclonic circulation) over the western USA and over most of the eastern North Pacific Ocean. The anomalous cyclonic circulation over the western USA enhances the movement of moisture from the Pacific Ocean into the southern and central parts of the West.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Results also indicate that variability in winter mean 700 mbar height anomalies can explain over 50% of the variability in snowpack accumulations in the Gunnison River basin. The significant linear relationships between 700 mbar height anomalies and snowpack accumulations in the Gunnison River basin can be used in conjunction with general circulation model simulations of 700 mbar height anomalies for future climatic conditions to estimate future snowpack accumulations in the Gunnison River basin.</div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)90103-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., 1994, Relationships between atmospheric circulation and snowpack in the Gunnison River basin, Colorado: Journal of Hydrology, v. 157, no. 1-4, p. 157-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90103-1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a793e4b0e8fec6cdc4ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72594,"text":"fs04694 - 1994 - Great Salt Lake basins study unit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T11:39:54","indexId":"fs04694","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"046-94","title":"Great Salt Lake basins study unit","docAbstract":"<p>In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began implementing a full-scale National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program.</p><p>The long-term goals of the NAWQA Program are to describe the status and trends in the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation’s surface- and ground-water resources and to provide a sound, scientific understanding of the primary natural and human factors that affect the quality of these resources. In meeting these goals, the program will produce a wealth of water-quality information that will be useful to policy makers and managers at Federal, State, and local levels.</p><p>A major design feature of the NAWQA Program will enable water-quality information at different areal scales to be integrated. A major component of the program is study-unit investigations, which ae the principal building blocks of the program upon which national-level assessment activities will be based. The 60 study-unit investigations that make up the program are hydrologic systems that include principal river basins and aquifer systems throughout the Nation. These study units cover areas from less than 1.000 to greater than 60,000 mi<sup>2</sup> and incorporate from about 60 to 70 percent of the Nation’s water use and population served by public water supply. In 1993, assessment activities began in the Great Salt Lake Basins NAWQA study unit.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/fs04694","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K.M., and Baskin, R.L., 1994, Great Salt Lake basins study unit: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 046-94, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04694.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":263358,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0046/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              39.86758762451019\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.87377929687499,\n              39.64799732373418\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.324462890625,\n              40.019201307686785\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.302490234375,\n              40.3130432088809\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.753173828125,\n              40.98819156349393\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.50048828124999,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.55541992187499,\n              42.601619944327965\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.77490234375,\n              42.771211138625894\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.412109375,\n              42.431565872579185\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.510986328125,\n              41.566141964768384\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.43408203124999,\n              41.15384235711447\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.763901280945866\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.236328125,\n              39.86758762451019\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6835e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, Kidd M.","contributorId":20720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"Kidd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baskin, Robert L. 0000-0002-2175-8502 rbaskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2175-8502","contributorId":360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskin","given":"Robert","email":"rbaskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017539,"text":"70017539 - 1994 - Peak flow rate and recession-curve characteristics of a karst spring in the Inner Bluegrass, central Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:25:49.115052","indexId":"70017539","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peak flow rate and recession-curve characteristics of a karst spring in the Inner Bluegrass, central Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p><span>The flow rate at the terminal spring of a 1929 ha karst ground-water catchment has been continuously monitored for 2 years, and 108 identifiable events were analyzed. The peak flow rates followed a beta frequency distribution with parameters&nbsp;</span><i>α</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.365 and&nbsp;</span><i>γ</i><span>&nbsp;= 1.135. Events were separated into high-flow and low-flow. High-flow events had characteristics attributable to pipe flow. Correlation and stepwise regression were used to develop peak flow rate prediction equations for the combined 108 events and for the 81 low-flow events. The portion of the recession curve identified as pipe flow was a watershed constant and time invariant. The base flow was seasonal, increasing in the winter to approximately 0.071 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;and decreasing in the summer to approximately 0.014 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)90006-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Felton, G., and Currens, J., 1994, Peak flow rate and recession-curve characteristics of a karst spring in the Inner Bluegrass, central Kentucky: Journal of Hydrology, v. 162, no. 1-2, p. 99-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90006-X.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229028,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"162","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a760ce4b0c8380cd77ec3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Felton, G.K.","contributorId":75706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felton","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Currens, J.C.","contributorId":72036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Currens","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017530,"text":"70017530 - 1994 - Rapid geomorphic change caused by glacial outburst floods and debris flows along Tahoma Creek, Mount Rainier, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-09T15:48:46","indexId":"70017530","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid geomorphic change caused by glacial outburst floods and debris flows along Tahoma Creek, Mount Rainier, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of a hazards-assessment study, we examined the nature and rate of geomorphic change caused by outburst floods and debris flows along Tahoma Creek. Mount Rainier, since 1967. Archival aerial photographs of the area proved to be a rich source of qualitative geomorphic information. On the basis of limited direct evidence and considerations of stream hydrology, we conclude that nearly all of these debris flows began as outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier. The water floods transformed to debris flows by incorporating large masses of sediment in a 2-km-long channel reach where the stream has incised proglacial sediments and debris-rich, stagnant glacier ice. Comparison of topographic maps for 1970 and 1991 shows that the average sediment flux out of the incised reach has been about 2 to 4 × 105 m<sup>3</sup> a<sup>-1</sup> corresponding to an average denudation rate in the upper part of the Tahoma Creek drainage basin of about 20 to 40 mm a<sup>-1</sup>, a value exceeded only rarely in basins affected by debris flows. However, little of this sediment has yet passed out of the Tahoma Creek basin. Comparison of geomorphic change at Tahoma Creek to that in two other alpine basins affected by outburst floods suggests that debris-rich stagnant ice can be an important source of sediment for debris flows as long as floods are frequent or channel slope is great.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","doi":"10.2307/1551792","usgsCitation":"Walder, J.S., and Driedger, C.L., 1994, Rapid geomorphic change caused by glacial outburst floods and debris flows along Tahoma Creek, Mount Rainier, Washington, USA: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 26, no. 4, p. 319-327, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551792.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"327","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier, Tahoma Creek","volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94e4e4b0c8380cd816a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driedger, C. L.","contributorId":101656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016743,"text":"70016743 - 1994 - Case for retrievable high-level nuclear waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016743","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Case for retrievable high-level nuclear waste disposal","docAbstract":"Plans for the nation's first high-level nuclear waste repository have called for permanently closing and sealing the repository soon after it is filled. However, the hydrologic environment of the proposed site at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, should allow the repository to be kept open and the waste retrievable indefinitely. This would allow direct monitoring of the repository and maintain the options for future generations to improve upon the disposal methods or use the uranium in the spent fuel as an energy resource.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management - Proceedings of the Annual International Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management. Part 3 (of 4)","conferenceDate":"22 May 1994 through 26 May 1994","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Roseboom, E.H., 1994, Case for retrievable high-level nuclear waste disposal, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management - Proceedings of the Annual International Conference, v. 3, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 22 May 1994 through 26 May 1994, p. 1774-1781.","startPage":"1774","endPage":"1781","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f388e4b0c8380cd4b877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roseboom, Eugene H. Jr.","contributorId":95205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseboom","given":"Eugene","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016741,"text":"70016741 - 1994 - Molecular weight, polydispersity, and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T07:15:19","indexId":"70016741","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular weight, polydispersity, and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances","docAbstract":"<p>The number- and weight-averaged molecular weights of a number of aquatic fulvic acids, a commercial humic acid, and unfractionated organic matter from four natural water samples were measured by high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Molecular weights determined in this manner compared favorably with those values reported in the literature. Both recent literature values and our data indicate that these substances are smaller and less polydisperse than previously believed. Moreover, the molecular weights of the organic matter from three of the four natural water samples compared favorably to the fulvic acid samples extracted from similar environments. Bulk spectroscopic properties of the fulvic substances such as molar absorptivity at 280 nm and the E4/E6 ratio were also measured. A strong correlation was observed between molar absorptivity, total aromaticity, and the weight average molecular weights of all the humic substances. This observation suggests that bulk spectroscopic properties can be used to quickly estimate the size of humic substances and their aromatic contents. Both parameters are important with respect to understanding humic substance mobility and their propensity to react with both organic and inorganic pollutants.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00060a015","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chin, Y., Aiken, G., and O’Loughlin, E., 1994, Molecular weight, polydispersity, and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 11, p. 1853-1858, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00060a015.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1853","endPage":"1858","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d17e4b0c8380cd70159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chin, Y.-P.","contributorId":84911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"Y.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Loughlin, E.","contributorId":70930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Loughlin","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":68352,"text":"ha722F - 1994 - Geohydrologic systems in Kansas: Physical framework of the lower aquifer unit in the western interior plains aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T19:25:30.356381","indexId":"ha722F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"722","chapter":"F","title":"Geohydrologic systems in Kansas: Physical framework of the lower aquifer unit in the western interior plains aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this Hydrologic Investigations Atlas is to provide a description of the principal geohydrologic systems in the Upper Cambrian through Lower Cretaceous rocks in Kansas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha722F","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.V., Spinazola, J., and Wolf, R.J., 1994, Geohydrologic systems in Kansas: Physical framework of the lower aquifer unit in the western interior plains aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 722, 2 Plates: 49.79 x 41.28 inches and 41.14 x 35.16 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha722F.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 49.79 x 41.28 inches and 41.14 x 35.16 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ha722F.PNG"},{"id":403942,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16149.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327478,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/722f/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1"},{"id":266336,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/722f/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.541116,36.999573],[-99.648652,36.999604],[-99.657658,37.000197],[-99.875409,37.001659],[-99.995201,37.001631],[-100.115722,37.002206],[-100.193754,37.002133],[-100.552683,37.000735],[-100.734517,36.999059],[-100.756894,36.999357],[-100.855634,36.998626],[-100.904274,36.998745],[-100.945469,36.998153],[-101.012641,36.998176],[-101.359674,36.996232],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.041749,37.034397],[-102.041809,37.111973],[-102.042092,37.125021],[-102.041963,37.258164],[-102.041664,37.29765],[-102.042089,37.352819],[-102.041524,37.375018],[-102.042016,37.535261],[-102.041574,37.680436],[-102.042158,37.760164],[-102.042953,37.803535],[-102.044644,38.045532],[-102.044255,38.113011],[-102.044589,38.125013],[-102.044251,38.141778],[-102.044944,38.384419],[-102.044442,38.415802],[-102.044936,38.41968],[-102.045324,38.453647],[-102.045074,38.669617],[-102.045334,38.799463],[-102.046571,39.047038],[-102.04937,39.41821],[-102.049554,39.538932],[-102.050422,39.646048],[-102.050099,39.653812],[-102.050594,39.675594],[-102.051569,39.849805],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-101.904176,40.003162],[-101.841025,40.002784],[-101.409953,40.002354],[-101.324036,40.002696],[-100.937427,40.002145],[-100.75883,40.002302],[-100.66023,40.002162],[-100.645445,40.001883],[-100.196959,40.001494],[-99.990926,40.001503],[-99.948167,40.001813],[-99.930433,40.001516],[-99.813401,40.0014],[-99.772121,40.001804],[-99.756835,40.001342],[-99.746628,40.00182],[-99.49766,40.001912],[-99.423565,40.00227],[-99.412645,40.001868],[-99.282967,40.001879],[-99.018701,40.002333],[-98.710404,40.00218],[-98.690287,40.002548],[-98.652494,40.002245],[-98.64071,40.002493],[-98.560578,40.002274],[-98.274017,40.002516],[-98.250008,40.002307],[-98.193483,40.002614],[-98.099659,40.002227],[-97.838379,40.00191],[-97.777155,40.002167],[-97.510264,40.001835],[-97.369199,40.00206],[-97.20231,40.001442],[-97.142448,40.001495],[-97.137866,40.001814],[-97.049663,40.001323],[-96.916093,40.001506],[-96.622401,40.001158],[-96.610349,40.000881],[-96.467536,40.001035],[-96.125937,40.000432],[-96.02409,40.000719],[-95.30829,39.999998],[-95.308404,39.993758],[-95.30778,39.990618],[-95.307111,39.989114],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.289715,39.977706],[-95.274757,39.972115],[-95.269886,39.969396],[-95.261854,39.960618],[-95.257652,39.954886],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.241383,39.944949],[-95.236761,39.943931],[-95.231114,39.943784],[-95.220212,39.944433],[-95.21644,39.943953],[-95.213737,39.943206],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.201277,39.934194],[-95.20069,39.928155],[-95.20201,39.922438],[-95.205745,39.915169],[-95.206326,39.912121],[-95.206196,39.909557],[-95.205733,39.908275],[-95.201935,39.904053],[-95.199347,39.902709],[-95.193816,39.90069],[-95.189565,39.899959],[-95.179453,39.900062],[-95.172296,39.902026],[-95.159834,39.906984],[-95.156024,39.907243],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.146055,39.904183],[-95.143802,39.901918],[-95.142563,39.897992],[-95.142445,39.89542],[-95.143403,39.889356],[-95.142718,39.885889],[-95.140601,39.881688],[-95.137092,39.878351],[-95.134747,39.876852],[-95.128166,39.874165],[-95.105912,39.869164],[-95.090158,39.86314],[-95.085003,39.861883],[-95.081534,39.861718],[-95.052535,39.864374],[-95.042142,39.864805],[-95.037767,39.865542],[-95.032053,39.868337],[-95.027931,39.871522],[-95.025422,39.876711],[-95.025119,39.878833],[-95.025947,39.886747],[-95.02524,39.8897],[-95.024389,39.891202],[-95.018743,39.897372],[-95.013152,39.899953],[-95.00844,39.900596],[-95.003819,39.900401],[-94.990284,39.89701],[-94.986975,39.89667],[-94.977749,39.897472],[-94.963345,39.901136],[-94.959276,39.901671],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-94.943867,39.89813],[-94.934493,39.893366],[-94.929574,39.888754],[-94.927897,39.886112],[-94.927359,39.883966],[-94.927252,39.880258],[-94.928466,39.876344],[-94.931463,39.872602],[-94.938791,39.866954],[-94.940743,39.86441],[-94.942407,39.861066],[-94.942567,39.856602],[-94.939767,39.85193],[-94.937655,39.849786],[-94.92615,39.841322],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-94.909942,39.834426],[-94.903157,39.83385],[-94.892677,39.834378],[-94.889493,39.834026],[-94.886933,39.833098],[-94.881013,39.828922],[-94.878677,39.826522],[-94.877044,39.823754],[-94.876544,39.820594],[-94.875944,39.813294],[-94.876344,39.806894],[-94.880932,39.797338],[-94.884084,39.794234],[-94.890292,39.791626],[-94.892965,39.791098],[-94.925605,39.789754],[-94.929654,39.788282],[-94.932726,39.786282],[-94.935206,39.78313],[-94.935782,39.778906],[-94.935302,39.77561],[-94.934262,39.773642],[-94.929653,39.769098],[-94.926229,39.76649],[-94.916789,39.760938],[-94.912293,39.759338],[-94.906244,39.759418],[-94.899156,39.761258],[-94.895268,39.76321],[-94.883924,39.770186],[-94.88146,39.771258],[-94.871144,39.772994],[-94.869644,39.772894],[-94.867143,39.771694],[-94.865243,39.770094],[-94.863143,39.767294],[-94.860743,39.763094],[-94.859443,39.753694],[-94.860371,39.74953],[-94.862943,39.742994],[-94.870143,39.734594],[-94.875643,39.730494],[-94.884143,39.726794],[-94.891744,39.724894],[-94.899316,39.724042],[-94.902612,39.724202],[-94.910068,39.725786],[-94.918324,39.728794],[-94.930005,39.73537],[-94.939221,39.741578],[-94.944741,39.744377],[-94.948726,39.745593],[-94.95263,39.745961],[-94.955286,39.745689],[-94.960086,39.743065],[-94.965318,39.739065],[-94.970422,39.732121],[-94.971206,39.729305],[-94.971078,39.723146],[-94.968453,39.707402],[-94.968981,39.692954],[-94.969909,39.68905],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-94.976325,39.68137],[-94.981557,39.678634],[-94.984149,39.67785],[-94.993557,39.67657],[-95.001379,39.676479],[-95.009023,39.675765],[-95.01531,39.674262],[-95.018318,39.672869],[-95.024595,39.668485],[-95.027644,39.665454],[-95.037464,39.652905],[-95.039049,39.649639],[-95.044554,39.64437],[-95.049518,39.637876],[-95.053367,39.630347],[-95.054925,39.624995],[-95.055152,39.621657],[-95.053012,39.613965],[-95.047911,39.606288],[-95.046445,39.601606],[-95.046361,39.599557],[-95.047165,39.595117],[-95.049277,39.589583],[-95.054804,39.582488],[-95.056897,39.580567],[-95.059519,39.579132],[-95.064519,39.577115],[-95.069315,39.576218],[-95.07216,39.576122],[-95.076688,39.576764],[-95.089515,39.581028],[-95.095736,39.580618],[-95.099095,39.579691],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.106406,39.575252],[-95.107454,39.573843],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-95.113557,39.553941],[-95.109304,39.542285],[-95.106596,39.537657],[-95.102888,39.533347],[-95.092704,39.524241],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-95.077441,39.513552],[-95.059461,39.506143],[-95.05638,39.503972],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.050552,39.497514],[-95.049845,39.494415],[-95.04837,39.48042],[-95.047133,39.474971],[-95.045716,39.472459],[-95.04078,39.466387],[-95.0375,39.463689],[-95.033408,39.460876],[-95.028498,39.458287],[-95.015825,39.452809],[-94.995768,39.448174],[-94.990172,39.446192],[-94.982144,39.440552],[-94.978798,39.436241],[-94.976606,39.426701],[-94.972952,39.421705],[-94.966066,39.417288],[-94.954817,39.413844],[-94.951209,39.411707],[-94.947864,39.408604],[-94.946293,39.405646],[-94.946662,39.399717],[-94.946227,39.395648],[-94.945577,39.393851],[-94.942039,39.389499],[-94.937158,39.386531],[-94.933652,39.385546],[-94.92311,39.384492],[-94.919225,39.385174],[-94.915859,39.386348],[-94.909581,39.388865],[-94.901823,39.392798],[-94.894979,39.393565],[-94.891845,39.393313],[-94.888972,39.392432],[-94.885026,39.389801],[-94.880979,39.383899],[-94.879281,39.37978],[-94.879088,39.375703],[-94.88136,39.370383],[-94.885216,39.366911],[-94.890928,39.364031],[-94.896832,39.363135],[-94.899024,39.362431],[-94.902497,39.360383],[-94.907297,39.356735],[-94.909409,39.354255],[-94.910017,39.352543],[-94.910641,39.348335],[-94.908065,39.323663],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.903137,39.306272],[-94.900049,39.300192],[-94.895217,39.294208],[-94.887056,39.28648],[-94.882576,39.283328],[-94.87832,39.281136],[-94.867568,39.277841],[-94.857072,39.273825],[-94.84632,39.268481],[-94.837855,39.262417],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.827487,39.249889],[-94.825663,39.241729],[-94.826111,39.238289],[-94.827791,39.234001],[-94.834896,39.223842],[-94.835056,39.220658],[-94.833552,39.217794],[-94.831679,39.215938],[-94.823791,39.209874],[-94.820687,39.208626],[-94.811663,39.206594],[-94.799663,39.206018],[-94.787343,39.207666],[-94.783838,39.207154],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.777838,39.203522],[-94.775543,39.200609],[-94.770338,39.190002],[-94.763138,39.179903],[-94.752338,39.173203],[-94.741938,39.170203],[-94.736537,39.169203],[-94.723637,39.169003],[-94.714137,39.170403],[-94.696332,39.178563],[-94.687236,39.183503],[-94.680336,39.184303],[-94.669135,39.182003],[-94.663835,39.179103],[-94.660315,39.168051],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.650735,39.154103],[-94.640035,39.153103],[-94.623934,39.156603],[-94.615834,39.160003],[-94.608834,39.160503],[-94.601733,39.159603],[-94.596033,39.157703],[-94.591933,39.155003],[-94.589933,39.140403],[-94.592533,39.135903],[-94.600434,39.128503],[-94.605734,39.122204],[-94.607034,39.119404],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.607234,39.065704],[-94.608334,38.981806],[-94.608134,38.940006],[-94.607866,38.937398],[-94.608033,38.847207],[-94.607625,38.82756],[-94.611602,38.635384],[-94.611465,38.625011],[-94.611858,38.620485],[-94.611887,38.580139],[-94.612176,38.576546],[-94.612157,38.549817],[-94.613365,38.403422],[-94.613312,38.364407],[-94.612673,38.314832],[-94.612658,38.217649],[-94.613856,38.149769],[-94.614212,37.992462],[-94.614465,37.987799],[-94.614612,37.944362],[-94.617721,37.77297],[-94.617975,37.722176],[-94.617651,37.687671],[-94.617885,37.682214],[-94.616789,37.52151],[-94.618505,37.181184],[-94.617875,37.056798],[-94.61808,36.998135],[-94.625224,36.998672],[-94.83128,36.998812],[-95.049499,36.99958],[-95.80798,36.999124],[-95.91018,36.999336],[-96.00081,36.99886],[-96.394272,36.999221],[-96.500288,36.998643],[-96.73659,36.999286],[-96.749838,36.998988],[-96.79206,36.99918],[-96.795199,36.99886],[-96.822791,36.999182],[-96.87629,36.999233],[-97.46228,36.998685],[-97.606549,36.998682],[-97.637137,36.99909],[-98.219499,36.997824],[-98.354073,36.997961],[-98.408991,36.998513],[-98.544872,36.998997],[-98.714512,36.99906],[-98.761597,36.999425],[-98.880009,36.999263],[-99.029337,36.999595],[-99.049695,36.999221],[-99.277506,36.999579],[-99.375391,37.000177],[-99.407015,36.999579],[-99.541116,36.999573]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kansas\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, C. V.","contributorId":116823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spinazola, J. M.","contributorId":32574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinazola","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolf, R. J.","contributorId":21518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017526,"text":"70017526 - 1994 - Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine compounds in sediment and livers of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) from the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T07:10:50","indexId":"70017526","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine compounds in sediment and livers of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) from the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary","docAbstract":"<p>A preliminary assessment was made in 1992 of chlorinated organic compounds in sediments and in livers of striped bass from the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary. Samples of sediment and striped bass livers contained DDT (ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-) and its degradation products, DDD (ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-) and DDE (ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-); PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls); alpha and gamma chlordane, and cis and trans nonachlor. In addition, the livers of striped bass contained small concentrations of DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate), a pre-emergent herbicide. Agricultural run-off from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, as well as atmospheric deposition, are probably responsible for a low chronic background of DDT in sediments throughout San Francisco Bay. Larger concentrations of DDT in sediment near Richmond in the Central Bay, and Coyote Creek in the South Bay may be derived from point sources. Ratios of pentachloro isomers of PCBs to hexachloro isomers in the South Bay sediments were different from those in the Central and North Bay, suggesting either differences in microbial activity in the sediments or different source inputs of PCBs. Concentrations of alpha chlordane in livers of striped bass were greater than those of gamma chlordane, which suggests a greater environmental stability and persistence of alpha chlordane. Trans nonachlor, a minor component of technical chlorodane, was present in greater concentrations than alpha and gamma chlordane and cis nonachlor. Trans nonachlor is more resistant to metabolism than alpha and gamma chlordane and cis nonachlor, and serves as an environmentally stable marker compound of chlordane contamination in the estuary. Chlorinated organic compounds have bioaccumulated in the livers of striped bass. These compounds may contribute to the decline of the striped bass in San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(94)90129-5","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Hostettler, F., Cashman, J., and Nishioka, R.S., 1994, Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine compounds in sediment and livers of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) from the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 28, no. 7, p. 434-441, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(94)90129-5.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"434","endPage":"441","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206152,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(94)90129-5"}],"volume":"28","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b41e4b0c8380cd745d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cashman, J.R.","contributorId":89295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishioka, R. S.","contributorId":69915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nishioka","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017524,"text":"70017524 - 1994 - Intense alpha-particle emitting crystallites in uranium mill wastes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:08:16","indexId":"70017524","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2905,"text":"Nuclear Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intense alpha-particle emitting crystallites in uranium mill wastes","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","issn":"09698086","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., Stieff, L.R., Germani, M., Tanner, A., and Evans, J., 1994, Intense alpha-particle emitting crystallites in uranium mill wastes: Nuclear Geophysics, v. 8, no. 5, p. 443-454.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"454","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c98e4b0c8380cd62e8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stieff, L. R.","contributorId":25619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stieff","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Germani, M.S.","contributorId":49948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germani","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, J.R.","contributorId":50526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017517,"text":"70017517 - 1994 - Comparison of humic substances isolated from peatbog water by sorption on DEAE-cellulose and amberlite XAD-2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:32:36","indexId":"70017517","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of humic substances isolated from peatbog water by sorption on DEAE-cellulose and amberlite XAD-2","docAbstract":"Aquatic humic substances (AHS) were isolated from peatbog water by adsorption (1) on diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-C) and (2) on Amberlite XAD-2 (XAD) to compare yields of the methods and the composition of the isolated AHS. To provide a detailed comparison, the isolates were fractionated using size-exclusion and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography on Sephadex G-50. The fractions were characterized by ultraviolet-visible, infrared and 13C-nuclear magnetic spectroscopies and analyzed for elemental, functional-group, carbohydrate and amino acid compositions. More AHS adsorbed onto DEAE-C than onto XAD-2 (94 and 74%, respectively). However, only 76% of the AHS adsorbed onto DEAE-C was recovered using 0.1 M NaOH, whereas 98% of the AHS adsorbed onto XAD was released by consecutive elution with 1 M NH4OH (91%) and methanol (7%). Four main fractions of different composition were obtained from each of the alkali-desorbed AHS samples by Sephadex-gel chromatography. General agreement was found in relative amounts, spectroscopic characteristics and composition of corresponding fractions of both isolates except nitrogen content, which was significantly higher in AHS isolated with XAD, apparently due to the reaction of AHS with NH4OH used for the desorption from the resin.Aquatic humic substances (AHS) were isolated from peatbog water by adsorption (1) on diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-C) and (2) on Amberlite XAD-2 (XAD) to compare yields of the methods and the composition of the isolated AHS. To provide a detailed comparison, the isolates were fractionated using size-exclusion and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography on Sephadex G-50. The fractions were characterized by ultraviolet-visible, infrared and 13C-nuclear magnetic spectroscopies and analyzed for elemental, functional-group, carbohydrate and amino acid compositions. More AHS adsorbed onto DEAE-C than onto XAD-2 (94 and 74%, respectively). However, only 76% of the AHS adsorbed onto DEAE-C was recovered using 0.1 M NaOH, whereas 98% of the AHS adsorbed onto XAD was released by consecutive elution with 1 M NH4OH (91%) and methanol (7%). Four main fractions of different composition were obtained from each of the alkali-desorbed AHS samples by Sephadex-gel chromatography. General agreement was found in relative amounts, spectroscopic characteristics and composition of corresponding fractions of both isolates except nitrogen content, which was significantly higher in AHS isolated with XAD, apparently due to the reaction of AHS with NH4OH used for the desorption from the resin.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0043-1354(94)90171-6","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Hejzlar, J., Szpakowska, B., and Wershaw, R., 1994, Comparison of humic substances isolated from peatbog water by sorption on DEAE-cellulose and amberlite XAD-2: Water Research, v. 28, no. 9, p. 1961-1970, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)90171-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1961","endPage":"1970","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206139,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)90171-6"}],"volume":"28","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f869e4b0c8380cd4d0b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hejzlar, J.","contributorId":95632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hejzlar","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szpakowska, B.","contributorId":98058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szpakowska","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017514,"text":"70017514 - 1994 - Use of long-term tritium records from the Colorado River to determine timescales for hydrologic processes associated with irrigation in the Imperial Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T10:07:14","indexId":"70017514","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of long-term tritium records from the Colorado River to determine timescales for hydrologic processes associated with irrigation in the Imperial Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>Tritium records were used to study hydrologic processes associated with irrigation and drainage in the Imperial Valley, a 2000-km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>agricultural area in the southeastern California desert. Tritium was analyzed in surface water, ground water, soil-pore water and drain water, and the results were compared to the historical record of tritium in the Colorado River. The Colorado River record was reconstructed using a simple reservoir model and precipitation data in the Colorado River Basin for the period prior to 1965, and from continuous measurements in the river for 1965–1988. This historical record is especially useful in the arid Imperial Valley because recent agricultural development has been entirely dependent on irrigation water diverted from the Colorado River and local recharge is negligible.</p><p>Results indicate that it takes about 5 a for irrigation drainage to move through the soil to a depth of 2–3 m. Drainwaters have a wide range in tritium concentrations because of varying degrees of influence from ground-water intrusion, and from rapid percolation of irrigation through preferred pathways. The net result is that drainwater from about 40 fields had a range in tritium concentration similar to that of the Colorado River over the last 9 a (1980–1988), a period during which tritium concentration was declining about 15% annually in the river.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(94)90061-2","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., and Schoeder, R., 1994, Use of long-term tritium records from the Colorado River to determine timescales for hydrologic processes associated with irrigation in the Imperial Valley, California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 9, no. 4, p. 387-401, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(94)90061-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"401","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley","volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf39e4b08c986b329a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoeder, R.A.","contributorId":103429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoeder","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008135,"text":"1008135 - 1994 - Analysis of bank erosion on the Merced River, Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:51:16.837102","indexId":"1008135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of bank erosion on the Merced River, Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>Channel changes from 1919 to 1989 were documented in two study reaches of the Merced River in Yosemite National Park through a review of historical photographs and documents and a comparison of survey data. Bank erosion was prevalent and channel width increased an average of 27% in the upstream reach, where human use was concentrated. Here, trampling of the banks and riparian vegetation was common, and banks eroded on straight stretches as frequently as on meander bends. Six bridges in the upper reach constrict the channel by an average of 38% of the original width, causing severe erosion. In the downstream control reach, where human use was minimal, channel widths both decreased and increased, with a mean increase of only 4% since 1919. Bank erosion in the control reach occurred primarily on meander bends. The control reach also had denser stands of riparian vegetation and a higher frequency of large woody debris in channels. There is only one bridge in the lower reach, located at the downstream end. Since 1919, bank erosion in the impacted upstream reach contributed a significant amount of sediment (74,800 tonnes, equivalent to 2.0 t/km<sup>2</sup>/yr) to the river. An analysis of 75 years of precipitation and hydrologic records showed no trends responsible for bank erosion in the upper reach. Sediment input to the upper reach has not changed significantly during the study period. Floodplain soils are sandy, with low cohesion and are easily detached by lateral erosion. The degree of channel widening was positively correlated with the percentage of bare ground on the streambanks and low bank stability ratings. Low bank stability ratings were, in turn, strongly associated with high human use areas. Channel widening and bank erosion in the upper reach were due primarily to destruction of riparian vegetation by human trampling and the effect of bridge constrictions on high flow, and secondarily to poorly installed channel revetments. Several specific recommendations for river restoration were provided to park management.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02393764","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., Weaver, W., and Hagans, D., 1994, Analysis of bank erosion on the Merced River, Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California, USA: Environmental Management, v. 18, no. 2, p. 235-250, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393764.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132518,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.24166526995299,\n              38.252869409979326\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.24166526995299,\n              37.18397432036886\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.61568870745312,\n              37.18397432036886\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.61568870745312,\n              38.252869409979326\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.24166526995299,\n              38.252869409979326\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680719","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, W.E.","contributorId":38495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagans, D.K.","contributorId":52127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagans","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017486,"text":"70017486 - 1994 - Coupling of hydrologic transport and chemical reactions in a stream affected by acid mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T12:38:26","indexId":"70017486","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupling of hydrologic transport and chemical reactions in a stream affected by acid mine drainage","docAbstract":"<p>Experiments in St. Kevin Gulch, an acid mine drainage stream, examined the coupling of hydrologic transport to chemical reactions affecting metal concentrations. Injection of LiCl as a conservative tracer was used to determine discharge and residence time along a 1497-m reach. Transport of metals downstream from inflows of acidic, metal-rich water was evaluated based on synoptic samples of metal concentrations and the hydrologic characteristics of the stream. Transport of SO<sub>4</sub> and Mn was generally conservative, but in the subreaches most affected by acidic inflows, transport was reactive. Both 0.1-um filtered and particulate Fe were reactive over most of the stream reach. Filtered Al partitioned to the particulate phase in response to high instream concentrations. Simulations that accounted for the removal of SO<sub>4</sub>, Mn, Fe, and Al with first-order reactions reproduced the steady-state profiles. The calculated rate constants for net removal used in the simulations embody several processes that occur on a stream-reach scale. The comparison between rates of hydrologie transport and chemical reactions indicates that reactions are only important over short distances in the stream near the acidic inflows, where reactions occur on a comparable time scale with hydrologic transport and thus affect metal concentrations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00061a014","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., Broshears, R.E., Bencala, K., and McKnight, D.M., 1994, Coupling of hydrologic transport and chemical reactions in a stream affected by acid mine drainage: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 12, p. 2065-2073, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00061a014.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2065","endPage":"2073","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc8de4b0c8380cd4e2f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broshears, R. E.","contributorId":75552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broshears","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":376629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}