Diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages in cores EW0408-47JC, -47TC, -46MC (57° 34.5278′ N, 136° 3.7764′ W, 114 m water depth) taken from the outer portion of Slocum Arm, a post-glacial fjord in southeastern Alaska, reveal the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic evolution of the eastern margin of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) during the past 10,000 years. Between ~ 10 and 6.8 cal ka, periods of low salinity and cool water conditions alternated with brief intervals marked by the increased influx of oceanic, more saline and likely warmer waters. Increased surface water stability characterized by a middle Holocene interval between ~ 6.8 and 3.2 cal ka is typified by increased abundances of northeastern Pacific Thalassiosira spp. that are indicative of spring coastal blooms and decreased abundances of warm and higher salinity oceanic diatoms. At ~ 3.2 cal ka, an abrupt increase in both the relative contribution of oceanic diatoms and silicoflagellates suggestive of cooler upwelling conditions occurred in the -47JC record. A stepwise increase in alkenone sea surface temperature in northern GoA core EW0408-85JC and increase in southern sourced precipitation in the carbonate δ18O record of Jellybean Lake (Yukon) present evidence that this ~ 3.2 cal ka event coincided with the onset of enhanced positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation-like (PDO) conditions in the GoA. These positive PDO-like conditions persisted until ~ 1.0 cal ka and were followed by high amplitude fluctuations in the relative abundance of diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.05.002","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Bukry, D., Addison, J.A., and Ager, T.A., 2016, Holocene evolution of diatom and silicoflagellate paleoceanography in Slocum Arm, a fjord in southeastern Alaska: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 126, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.05.002.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069645","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.05.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5749619be4b07e28b6650f93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Addison, Jason A. 0000-0003-2416-9743 jaddison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2416-9743","contributorId":4192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Addison","given":"Jason","email":"jaddison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ager, Thomas A. 0000-0002-5029-7581 tager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5029-7581","contributorId":736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"Thomas","email":"tager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175242,"text":"70175242 - 2016 - Seasonal and diel effects on acoustic fish biomass estimates: application to a shallow reservoir with untargeted common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T11:07:09","indexId":"70175242","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-27T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2681,"text":"Marine and Freshwater Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and diel effects on acoustic fish biomass estimates: application to a shallow reservoir with untargeted common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","docAbstract":"The aim of the present study was to understand how seasonal fish distributions affect acoustically derived fish biomass estimates in a shallow reservoir in a semi-arid country (Tunisia). To that end, sampling events were performed during four seasons (spring (June), summer (September), autumn (December) and winter (March)) that included day and night surveys. A Simrad EK60 echosounder, equipped with two 120-kHz split-beam transducers for simultaneous horizontal and vertical beaming, was used to sample the entire water column. Surveys during spring and summer and daytime hours of winter were deemed unusable owing to high methane flux from the sediment, and during the day survey of autumn, fish were close to the reservoir bottom leading to low detectability. It follows that acoustic surveys should be conducted only at night during the cold season (December–March) for shallow reservoirs having carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) as the dominant species. Further, night-time biomass estimates during the cold season declined significantly (P < 0.001) from autumn to winter. Based on our autumn night-time survey, overall fish biomass in the Bir-Mcherga Reservoir was high (mean (± s.d.) 185 ± 98 tonnes (Mg)), but annual fishery exploitation is low (19.3–24.1 Mg) because the fish biomass is likely dominated by invasive carp not targeted by fishers. The results suggest that controlling carp would help improve the fishery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization","publisherLocation":"East Melbourne","doi":"10.1071/MF15249","usgsCitation":"Djemali, I., Yule, D., and Guillard, J., 2016, Seasonal and diel effects on acoustic fish biomass estimates: application to a shallow reservoir with untargeted common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 68, no. 3, p. 528-537, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15249.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"528","endPage":"537","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065134","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315d0e4b006cb45558b91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Djemali, Imed","contributorId":173403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Djemali","given":"Imed","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27225,"text":"Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L. 0000-0002-0117-5115 dyule@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-5115","contributorId":139532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel","email":"dyule@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guillard, Jean","contributorId":8385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guillard","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171361,"text":"70171361 - 2016 - Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:33:30","indexId":"70171361","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-26T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1878,"text":"Harmful Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007","docAbstract":"A large nation-wide survey of cyanotoxins (1161 lakes) in the United States (U.S.) was conducted during the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007. Cyanotoxin data were compared with cyanobacteria abundance- and chlorophyll-based World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds and mouse toxicity data to evaluate potential recreational risks. Cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, and saxitoxins were detected (ELISA) in 4.0, 32, and 7.7% of samples with mean concentrations of 0.56, 3.0, and 0.061 mg/L, respectively (detections only). Co-occurrence of the three cyanotoxin classes was rare (0.32%) when at least one toxin was detected. Cyanobacteria were present and dominant in 98 and 76% of samples, respectively. Potential anatoxin-, cylindrospermopsin-, microcystin-, and saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria occurred in 81, 67, 95, and 79% of samples, respectively. Anatoxin-a and nodularin-R were detected (LC/MS/MS) in 15 and 3.7% samples (n = 27). The WHO moderate and high risk thresholds for microcystins, cyanobacteria abundance, and total chlorophyll were exceeded in 1.1, 27, and 44% of samples, respectively. Complete agreement by all three WHO microcystin metrics occurred in 27% of samples. This suggests that WHO microcystin metrics based on total chlorophyll and cyanobacterial abundance can overestimate microcystin risk when compared to WHO microcystin thresholds. The lack of parity among the WHO thresholds was expected since chlorophyll is common amongst all phytoplankton and not all cyanobacteria produce microcystins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.001","usgsCitation":"Loftin, K.A., Graham, J., Elizabeth Hilborn, Lehmann, S., Meyer, M.T., Dietze, J.E., and Griffith, C., 2016, Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007: Harmful Algae, v. 56, p. 77-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.001.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066418","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n 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Nisqually River, western Washington, July 2010–November 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T07:34:17","indexId":"sir20165062","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5062","title":"Suspended sediment delivery to Puget Sound from the lower Nisqually River, western Washington, July 2010–November 2011","docAbstract":"On average, the Nisqually River delivers about 100,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of suspended sediment to Puget Sound, western Washington, a small proportion of the estimated 1,200,000 metric tons (t) of sediment reported to flow in the upper Nisqually River that drains the glaciated, recurrently active Mount Rainier stratovolcano. Most of the upper Nisqually River sediment load is trapped in Alder Lake, a reservoir completed in 1945. For water year 2011 (October 1, 2010‒September 30, 2011), daily sediment and continuous turbidity data were used to determine that 106,000 t of suspended sediment were delivered to Puget Sound, and 36 percent of this load occurred in 2 days during a typical winter storm. Of the total suspended-sediment load delivered to Puget Sound in the water year 2011, 47 percent was sand (particle size >0.063 millimeters), and the remainder (53 percent) was silt and clay. A sediment-transport curve developed from suspended-sediment samples collected from July 2010 to November 2011 agreed closely with a curve derived in 1973 using similar data-collection methods, indicating that similar sediment-transport conditions exist. The median annual suspended-sediment load of 73,000 t (water years 1980–2014) is substantially less than the average load, and the correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.80, p = 8.1E-9, n=35) between annual maximum 2-day sediment loads and normalized peak discharges for the period indicates the importance of wet years and associated peak discharges of the lower Nisqually River for sediment delivery to Puget Sound. The magnitude of peak discharges in the lower Nisqually River generally is suppressed by flow regulation, and relative to other free-flowing, glacier-influenced rivers entering Puget Sound, the Nisqually River delivers proportionally less sediment because of upstream sediment trapping from dams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nisqually Indian Tribe","usgsCitation":"Curran, C.A., Grossman, E.E., Magirl, C.S., and Foreman, J.R., 2016, Suspended sediment delivery to Puget Sound from the lower Nisqually River, western Washington, July 2010–November 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5062, 17 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165062.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 17 p.; Appendixes A-D","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059554","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321772,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_d.xlsx","text":"Appendix D","size":"28 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix D"},{"id":321769,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_a.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"97 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix A"},{"id":321770,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_b.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix B"},{"id":321771,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_c.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"23 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix C"},{"id":321702,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062"},{"id":321701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Nisqually River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.9,\n 46.62\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 47.166666\n ],\n [\n -121.6,\n 47.166666\n ],\n [\n -121.6,\n 46.62\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 46.62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
Phytoplankton communities in freshwater lakes, ponds, and reservoirs may be dominated by cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae) under certain environmental conditions. Cyanobacteria may cause a range of water-quality impairments, including the potential for toxin production. Cyanobacteria toxins (cyanotoxins) may adversely impact human and ecological health. Microcystins are considered to be one of the most commonly found classes of cyanotoxins in freshwater ecosystems, and as such were selected as a recreational indicator of water quality for the 2007 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Lakes Assessment. However, much less is known about the occurrence of other classes of cyanotoxins in fresh surface water such as anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, nodularins, and saxitoxins.
\nThe 2007 National Lakes Assessment followed a probabilistic study design and was directed by the EPA, in partnership with States, Tribes, and other federal agencies of the United States, to provide an assessment of water quality in the Nation’s lakes, ponds, and reservoirs based on trophic status, and ecological and recreational indicators. Integrated photic zone samples were collected by the EPA, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), States, and Tribes in target water bodies, generally at their deepest point, and analyzed for microcystins by the U.S. Geological Survey. The USGS assisted with this survey by providing technical expertise and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of microcystins for all survey samples as an indicator for recreational water quality. A small subset of samples (n=27) was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) by the USGS. Additionally, through partnership with the EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), USGS analyzed all frozen samples by ELISA for two other classes of cyanotoxins, cylindrospermopsins and saxitoxins. Total cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, and saxitoxins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a total of 1,331 samples from 1,161 lakes.
\nSamples from this study had detection frequencies of 4.0, 32 (unweighted), and 7.6 percent, mean concentrations (detections only) of 0.56, 3.0, and 0.061 micrograms/L (μg/L), and maximum concentrations of 4.4, 230, and 0.38 μg/L for cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, and saxitoxins by ELISA, respectively in visit 1 and visit 2 samples. Microcystin ELISA results were categorized based on World Health Organization recreational surface-water guidelines for the relative probability of adverse health impacts because of microcystin exposure. The dataset described in this report is the first ever national reconnaissance of cyanotoxins in the United States.
\nAt least one microcystin congener was detected by LC/MS/MS in 52 percent of the 27 samples analyzed at a concentration greater than the LC/MS/MS minimum reporting level (MRL) of 0.010 μg/L and included detections for microcystin-LA, microcystin-LR, microcystin-LY, microcystin-RR, and microcystin-YR. Anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, and nodularin-R were detected in 15 percent, 7 percent, and 4 percent of samples, respectively, at concentrations above 0.010 μg/L. Deoxycylindrospermopsin, domoic acid, lyngbyatoxin-a, microcystin-LF, microcystin-LW, and okadaic acid were not detected in the LC/MS/MS subset.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds929","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, States, and Tribes","usgsCitation":"Loftin, K.A., Dietze, J.E, Meyer, M.T., Graham, J.L, Maksimowicz, M.M., and Toyne, K.D., 2016, Total cylindrospermopsins, microcystins/nodularins, and saxitoxins data for the 2007 United States Environmental Protection Agency National Lake Assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 929, 9 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds929.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 7 p.; Appendixes 1-10","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053397","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0929/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":318374,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0929/ds929_appendixes.xls","text":"Appendixes 1–10","size":"1.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"DS 929 Appendix"},{"id":318373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0929/ds929.pdf","text":"Report","size":"794 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 929"}],"contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Association to Preserve Cape Cod, the Cape Cod Commission, and the Massachusetts Environmental Trust, began an evaluation of the potential effects of sea-level rise on water table altitudes and depths to water on central and western Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Increases in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures arising, in part, from the release of greenhouse gases likely will result in higher sea levels globally. Increasing water table altitudes in shallow, unconfined coastal aquifer systems could adversely affect infrastructure—roads, utilities, basements, and septic systems—particularly in low-lying urbanized areas. The Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses on Cape Cod are the largest and most populous of the six flow lenses that comprise the region’s aquifer system, the Cape Cod glacial aquifer. The potential effects of sea-level rise on water table altitude and depths to water were evaluated by use of numerical models of the region. The Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses have a number of large surface water drainages that receive a substantial amount of groundwater discharge, 47 and 29 percent of the total, respectively. The median increase in the simulated water table altitude following a 6-foot sea-level rise across both flow lenses was 2.11 feet, or 35 percent when expressed as a percentage of the total sea-level rise. The response is nearly the same as the sea-level rise (6 feet) in some coastal areas and less than 0.1 foot near some large inland streams. Median water table responses differ substantially between the Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses—at 29 and 49 percent, respectively—because larger surface water discharge on the Sagamore flow lens results in increased dampening of the water table response than in the Monomoy flow lens. Surface waters dampen water table altitude increases because streams are fixed-altitude boundaries that cause hydraulic gradients and streamflow to increase as sea-level rises, partially fixing the local water table altitude.
The region has a generally thick vadose zone with a mean of about 38 feet; areas with depths to water of 5 feet or less, as estimated from light detection and ranging (lidar) data from 2011 and simulated water table altitudes, currently [2011] occur over about 24.9 square miles, or about 8.4 percent of the total land area of the Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses, generally in low-lying coastal areas and inland near ponds and streams. Excluding potentially submerged areas, an additional 4.5, 9.8, and 15.9 square miles would have shallow depths to water (5 feet or less) for projected sea-level rises of 2, 4, and 6 feet above levels in 2011. The additional areas with shallow depths to water generally occur in the same areas as the areas with current [2011] depths to water of 5 feet or less: low-lying coastal areas and near inland surface water features. Additional areas with shallow depths to water for the largest sea-level rise prediction (6 feet) account for about 5.7 percent of the total land area, excluding areas likely to be inundated by seawater. The numerous surface water drainages will dampen the response of the water table to sea-level rise. This dampening, combined with the region’s thick vadose zone, likely will mitigate the potential for groundwater inundation in most areas. The potential does exist for groundwater inundation in some areas, but the effects of sea-level rise on depths to water and infrastructure likely will not be substantial on a regional level.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Association to Preserve Cape Cod, the Cape Cod Commission, and the Massachusetts Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., McCobb, T.D., Masterson, J.P., and Fienen, M.N., 2016, Potential effects of sea-level rise on the depth to saturated sediments of the Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses on Cape Cod, Massachusetts (ver. 1.1, October 18, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5058, 55 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165058.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071028","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5058/sir20165058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5058"},{"id":321215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5058/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":329663,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5058/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.69427490234375,\n 41.509605687197975\n ],\n [\n -70.69427490234375,\n 42.10943017110108\n ],\n [\n -69.90463256835938,\n 42.10943017110108\n ],\n [\n -69.90463256835938,\n 41.509605687197975\n ],\n [\n -70.69427490234375,\n 41.509605687197975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted May 25, 2016; Version 1.1: October 25,2016","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/
Efforts to improve fish passage have resulted in the replacement of six culverts in Crystal Springs Creek in Portland, Oregon. Two more culverts are scheduled to be replaced at Glenwood Street and Bybee Boulevard (Glenwood/Bybee project) in 2016. Recently acquired data have allowed for a more comprehensive understanding of the hydrology of the creek and the topography of the watershed. To evaluate the impact of the culvert replacements and recent hydrologic data, a Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System hydraulic model was developed to estimate water-surface elevations during high-flow events. Longitudinal surface-water profiles were modeled to evaluate current conditions and future conditions using the design plans for the culverts to be installed in 2016. Additional profiles were created to compare with the results from the most recent flood model approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency for Crystal Springs Creek and to evaluate model sensitivity.
Model simulation results show that water-surface elevations during high-flow events will be lower than estimates from previous models, primarily due to lower estimates of streamflow associated with the 0.01 and 0.002 annual exceedance probability (AEP) events. Additionally, recent culvert replacements have resulted in less ponding behind crossings. Similarly, model simulation results show that the proposed replacement culverts at Glenwood Street and Bybee Boulevard will result in lower water-surface elevations during high-flow events upstream of the proposed project. Wider culverts will allow more water to pass through crossings, resulting in slightly higher water-surface elevations downstream of the project during high-flows than water-surface elevations that would occur under current conditions. For the 0.01 AEP event, the water-surface elevations downstream of the Glenwood/Bybee project will be an average of 0.05 ft and a maximum of 0.07 ft higher than current conditions. Similarly, for the 0.002 AEP event, the water-surface elevations will be an average of 0.04 ft and a maximum of 0.19 ft higher than current conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Stonewall, Adam, and Hess, Glen, 2016, Evaluation of flood inundation in Crystal Springs Creek, Portland, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1079, 33 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161079.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 33 p.; Plate: 24.00 x 36.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052885","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1079/ofr20161079.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1079 Report PDF"},{"id":321612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1079/ofr20161079_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"9.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1079 Plate 1 PDF"},{"id":321610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1079/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","otherGeospatial":"Crystal Springs Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.62,\n 45.45\n ],\n [\n -122.62,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -122.65,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -122.65,\n 45.45\n ],\n [\n -122.62,\n 45.45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
During 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected groundwater samples from 31 wells at or near the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) at the Idaho National Laboratory for purgeable organic compounds (POCs). The samples were collected and analyzed for the purpose of evaluating whether purge water from wells located inside an areal polygon established downgradient of the INTEC must be treated as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act listed waste.
POC concentrations in water samples from 29 of 31 wells completed in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer were greater than their detection limit, determined from detection and quantitation calculation software, for at least one to four POCs. Of the 29 wells with concentrations greater than their detection limits, only 20 had concentrations greater than the laboratory reporting limit as calculated with detection and quantitation calculation software. None of the concentrations exceeded any maximum contaminant levels established for public drinking water supplies. Most commonly detected compounds were 1,1,1-trichoroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, and trichloroethene.
","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161083","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22238Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
http://id.water.usgs.gov
We compared the hydrodynamics of replicate experimental mixed cell and replicate standard Burrows pond rearing systems at the Dworshak National Fish Hatchery, ID, in an effort to identify methods for improved solids removal. We measured and compared the hydraulic residence time, particle removal efficiency, and measures of velocity using several tools. Computational fluid dynamics was used first to characterize hydraulics in the proposed retrofit that included removal of the traditional Burrows pond dividing wall and establishment of four counter rotating cells with appropriate drains and inlet water jets. Hydraulic residence time was subsequently established in the four full scale test tanks using measures of conductivity of a salt tracer introduced into the systems both with and without fish present. Vertical and horizontal velocities were also measured with acoustic Doppler velocimetry in transects across each of the rearing systems. Finally, we introduced ABS sinking beads that simulated fish solids then followed the kinetics of their removal via the drains to establish relative purge rates. The mixed cell raceway provided higher mean velocities and a more uniform velocity distribution than did the Burrows pond. Vectors revealed well-defined, counter-rotating cells in the mixed cell raceway, and were likely contributing factors in achieving a relatively high particle removal efficiency-88.6% versus 8.0% during the test period. We speculate retrofits of rearing ponds to mixed cell systems will improve both the rearing environments for the fish and solids removal, improving the efficiency and bio-security of fish culture. We recommend further testing in hatchery production trials to evaluate fish physiology and growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.04.005","usgsCitation":"Moffitt, C.M., 2016, Comparison of hydraulics and particle removal efficiencies in a mixed cell raceway and Burrows pond rearing system: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 74, p. 52-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.04.005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073377","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2016.04.005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Dworshak National Fish Hatchery","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.34218931198119,\n 46.49930804814481\n ],\n [\n -116.34218931198119,\n 46.50806635278142\n ],\n [\n -116.3186287879944,\n 46.50806635278142\n ],\n [\n -116.3186287879944,\n 46.49930804814481\n ],\n [\n -116.34218931198119,\n 46.49930804814481\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575be4aae4b04f417c27f511","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moffitt, Christine M. 0000-0001-6020-9728 cmoffitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-9728","contributorId":2583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"cmoffitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70176235,"text":"70176235 - 2016 - Methylmercury degradation and exposure pathways in streams and wetlands impacted by historical mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:09:07","indexId":"70176235","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury degradation and exposure pathways in streams and wetlands impacted by historical mining","docAbstract":"Monomethyl mercury (MMHg) and total mercury (THg) concentrations and Hg stable isotope ratios (δ202Hg and Δ199Hg) were measured in sediment and aquatic organisms from Cache Creek (California Coast Range) and Yolo Bypass (Sacramento Valley). Cache Creek sediment had a large range in THg (87 to 3870 ng/g) and δ202Hg (−1.69 to −0.20‰) reflecting the heterogeneity of Hg mining sources in sediment. The δ202Hg of Yolo Bypass wetland sediment suggests a mixture of high and low THg sediment sources. Relationships between %MMHg (the percent ratio of MMHg to THg) and Hg isotope values (δ202Hg and Δ199Hg) in fish and macroinvertebrates were used to identify and estimate the isotopic composition of MMHg. Deviation from linear relationships was found between %MMHg and Hg isotope values, which is indicative of the bioaccumulation of isotopically distinct pools of MMHg. The isotopic composition of pre-photodegraded MMHg (i.e., subtracting fractionation from photochemical reactions) was estimated and contrasting relationships were observed between the estimated δ202Hg of pre-photodegraded MMHg and sediment IHg. Cache Creek had mass dependent fractionation (MDF; δ202Hg) of at least −0.4‰ whereas Yolo Bypass had MDF of +0.2 to +0.5‰. This result supports the hypothesis that Hg isotope fractionation between IHg and MMHg observed in rivers (−MDF) is unique compared to +MDF observed in non-flowing water environments such as wetlands, lakes, and the coastal ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.139","usgsCitation":"Donovan, P.M., Blum, J.D., Singer, M.B., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., and Tsui, M.T., 2016, Methylmercury degradation and exposure pathways in streams and wetlands impacted by historical mining: Science of the Total Environment, v. 568, p. 1192-1203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.139.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1192","endPage":"1203","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072121","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cache Creek, Yolo Bypass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.64474487304686,\n 38.464611135935776\n ],\n [\n -121.64474487304686,\n 38.572327030541246\n ],\n [\n -121.57779693603517,\n 38.572327030541246\n ],\n [\n -121.57779693603517,\n 38.464611135935776\n ],\n [\n -121.64474487304686,\n 38.464611135935776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.53292083740234,\n 38.927365763942475\n ],\n [\n -122.53292083740234,\n 39.00771295997199\n ],\n [\n -122.39559173583984,\n 39.00771295997199\n ],\n [\n -122.39559173583984,\n 38.927365763942475\n ],\n [\n -122.53292083740234,\n 38.927365763942475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"568","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cd45ace4b0f2f0cec4cb51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donovan, Patrick M.","contributorId":168368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donovan","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25267,"text":"Univ. of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, Joel D.","contributorId":83657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, Michael B.","contributorId":168369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":25268,"text":"University of St Andrews, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsui, Martin T.K.","contributorId":168370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsui","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182731,"text":"70182731 - 2016 - Invasive European bird cherry disrupts stream-riparian linkages: effects on terrestrial invertebrate prey subsidies for juvenile coho salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T15:20:32","indexId":"70182731","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive European bird cherry disrupts stream-riparian linkages: effects on terrestrial invertebrate prey subsidies for juvenile coho salmon","docAbstract":"The spread of invasive species in riparian forests has the potential to affect both terrestrial and aquatic organisms linked through cross-ecosystem resource subsidies. However, this potential had not been explored in regards to terrestrial prey subsidies for stream fishes. To address this, we examined the effects of an invasive riparian tree, European bird cherry (EBC, Prunus padus), spreading along urban Alaskan salmon streams, by collecting terrestrial invertebrates present on the foliage of riparian trees, their subsidies to streams, and their consumption by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Riparian EBC supported four to six times less terrestrial invertebrate biomass on its foliage and contributed two to three times lower subsidies relative to native deciduous trees. This reduction in terrestrial invertebrate biomass was consistent between two watersheds over 2 years. In spite of this reduction in terrestrial prey resource input, juvenile coho salmon consumed similar levels of terrestrial invertebrates in stream reaches bordered by EBC. Although we did not see ecological effects extending to stream salmonids, reduced terrestrial prey subsidies to streams are likely to have negative consequences as EBC continues to spread.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2015-0548","usgsCitation":"Roon, D.A., Wipfli, M.S., Wurtz, T.L., and Blanchard, A.L., 2016, Invasive European bird cherry disrupts stream-riparian linkages: effects on terrestrial invertebrate prey subsidies for juvenile coho salmon: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 11, p. 1679-1690, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0548.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"1679","endPage":"1690","ipdsId":"IP-065203","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/73091","text":"External Repository"},{"id":336301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c0e4b01ccd54fddfb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roon, David A.","contributorId":42922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roon","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wurtz, Tricia L.","contributorId":171557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wurtz","given":"Tricia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blanchard, Arny L.","contributorId":173948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Arny","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70170583,"text":"ofr20161065 - 2016 - Development of a decision support tool for water and resource management using biotic, abiotic, and hydrological assessments of Topock Marsh, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T08:51:11","indexId":"ofr20161065","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-23T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1065","title":"Development of a decision support tool for water and resource management using biotic, abiotic, and hydrological assessments of Topock Marsh, Arizona","docAbstract":"Topock Marsh is a large wetland adjacent to the Colorado River and the main feature of Havasu National Wildlife Refuge (Havasu NWR) in southern Arizona. In 2010, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and Bureau of Reclamation began a project to improve water management capabilities at Topock Marsh and protect habitats and species. Initial construction required a drawdown, which caused below-average inflows and water depths in 2010–11. U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) scientists collected an assemblage of biotic, abiotic, and hydrologic data from Topock Marsh during the drawdown and immediately after, thus obtaining valuable information needed by FWS.
Building upon that work, FORT developed a decision support system (DSS) to better understand ecosystem health and function of Topock Marsh under various hydrologic conditions. The DSS was developed using a spatially explicit geographic information system package of historical data, habitat indices, and analytical tools to synthesize outputs for hydrologic time periods. Deliverables include high-resolution orthorectified imagery of Topock Marsh; a DSS tool that can be used by Havasu NWR to compare habitat availability associated with three hydrologic scenarios (dry, average, wet years); and this final report which details study results. This project, therefore, has addressed critical FWS management questions by integrating ecologic and hydrologic information into a DSS framework. This DSS will assist refuge management to make better informed decisions about refuge operations and better understand the ecological results of those decisions by providing tools to identify the effects of water operations on species-specific habitat and ecological processes. While this approach was developed to help FWS use the best available science to determine more effective water management strategies at Havasu NWR, technologies used in this study could be applied elsewhere within the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161065","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Holmquist-Johnson, Chris; Hanson, Leanne; Daniels, Joan; Talbert, Colin; and Haegele, Jeanette, 2016, Development of a decision support tool for water and resource management using biotic, abiotic, and hydrological assessments of Topock Marsh, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1065, 121 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161065.","productDescription":"viii, 121 p.","numberOfPages":"130","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070577","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321529,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1065/ofr20161065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"55.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1065"},{"id":321528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1065/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Topock Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.57572937011719,\n 34.75233231513255\n ],\n [\n -114.57572937011719,\n 34.85015678001124\n ],\n [\n -114.46826934814453,\n 34.85015678001124\n ],\n [\n -114.46826934814453,\n 34.75233231513255\n ],\n [\n -114.57572937011719,\n 34.75233231513255\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, USGS Fort Collins Science Center
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Box 25046, MS-939
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
Porewater profiles in sediment cores from mangrove-dominated coastal lagoons (Celestún and Chelem) on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, reveal the widespread coexistence of dissolved methane and sulfate. This observation is interesting since dissolved methane in porewaters is typically oxidized anaerobically by sulfate. To explain the observations we used a numerical transport-reaction model that was constrained by the field observations. The model suggests that methane in the upper sediments is produced in the sulfate reduction zone at rates ranging between 0.012 and 31 mmol m−2 d−1, concurrent with sulfate reduction rates between 1.1 and 24 mmol SO42− m−2 d−1. These processes are supported by high organic matter content in the sediment and the use of non-competitive substrates by methanogenic microorganisms. Indeed sediment slurry incubation experiments show that non-competitive substrates such as trimethylamine (TMA) and methanol can be utilized for microbial methanogenesis at the study sites. The model also indicates that a significant fraction of methane is transported to the sulfate reduction zone from deeper zones within the sedimentary column by rising bubbles and gas dissolution. The shallow depths of methane production and the fast rising methane gas bubbles reduce the likelihood for oxidation, thereby allowing a large fraction of the methane formed in the sediments to escape to the overlying water column.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-13-2981-2016","usgsCitation":"Chuang, P.C., Young, M.B., Dale, A.W., Miller, L., Herrera-Silveira, J.A., and Paytan, A., 2016, Methane and sulfate dynamics in sediments from mangrove-dominated tropical coastal lagoons, Yucatan, Mexico: Biogeosciences, v. 13, no. 10, p. 2981-3001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2981-2016.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2981","endPage":"3001","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075714","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2981-2016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Yucatan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 21.524627220545295\n ],\n [\n -87.989501953125,\n 21.69826549685252\n ],\n [\n -88.363037109375,\n 21.667638606781576\n ],\n [\n -88.670654296875,\n 21.57571893245848\n ],\n [\n -89.219970703125,\n 21.442843107187667\n ],\n [\n -90.06591796875,\n 21.299610604945617\n ],\n [\n -90.5712890625,\n 20.86907773201848\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 20.704738720055524\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 20.540221355754728\n ],\n [\n -90.120849609375,\n 20.396123272467616\n ],\n [\n -90.04394531249999,\n 20.437307950568957\n ],\n [\n -89.80224609374999,\n 20.107523268824004\n ],\n [\n -89.74731445312499,\n 20.128155311797183\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 19.9010536062052\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 19.559790136497398\n ],\n [\n -89.18701171875,\n 19.487307518564272\n ],\n [\n -88.912353515625,\n 19.72534224805787\n ],\n [\n -88.70361328125,\n 20.024967917222785\n ],\n [\n -88.35205078124999,\n 20.138470312451155\n ],\n [\n -88.033447265625,\n 20.2725032501349\n ],\n [\n -87.879638671875,\n 20.478481600090568\n ],\n [\n -87.725830078125,\n 20.601936194281016\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 20.838277806058933\n ],\n [\n -87.462158203125,\n 21.08450008351735\n ],\n [\n -87.47314453125,\n 21.4121622297254\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 21.524627220545295\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db5be4b0589fa1c7e94f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chuang, P. C.","contributorId":173167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chuang","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27170,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Megan B. 0000-0002-0229-4108 mbyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-4108","contributorId":3315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Megan","email":"mbyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dale, Andrew W.","contributorId":173168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dale","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27171,"text":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1–3, 24148 Kiel, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Laurence G. 0000-0002-7807-3475 lgmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3475","contributorId":2460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Laurence G.","email":"lgmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herrera-Silveira, Jorge A.","contributorId":112572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrera-Silveira","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paytan, Adina","contributorId":75242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"Adina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169906,"text":"ds985 - 2016 - Sediment data collected in 2014 from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:30:32","indexId":"ds985","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-23T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"985","title":"Sediment data collected in 2014 from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey","docAbstract":"In response to the 2010 Governor’s Action Plan to clean up the Barnegat Bay–Little Egg Harbor (BBLEH) estuary in New Jersey, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) partnered with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection in 2011 to begin a multidisciplinary research project to understand the physical controls on water quality in the bay. Between 2011 and 2013, USGS scientists mapped the geological and morphological characteristics of the seafloor of the BBLEH estuary using a suite of geophysical tools. However, this mapping effort included only surficial characterization of bay sediments; to verify the sub-surface geophysical data, sediment cores were required.
This report serves as an archive of sedimentologic data from 18 vibracores collected from Barnegat Bay between May and August of 2014 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) on behalf of the USGS. The vibracores were collected in conjunction with an ongoing NRCS subaqueous soil survey for the BBLEH estuary. The data presented in this report, including descriptive core logs, core photographs, processed grain-size data, and Geographic Information System (GIS) data files with accompanying formal Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata, can be viewed or downloaded from the Data Products and Downloads page.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds985","usgsCitation":"Bernier, J.C., Stalk, C.A., Kelso, K.W., Miselis, J.L., and Tunstead, Rob, 2016, Sediment data collected in 2014 from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 985, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds985.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-066177","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0985"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.41177368164061,\n 39.52099229357195\n ],\n [\n -74.41177368164061,\n 40.07386810509482\n ],\n [\n -74.01351928710938,\n 40.07386810509482\n ],\n [\n -74.01351928710938,\n 39.52099229357195\n ],\n [\n -74.41177368164061,\n 39.52099229357195\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov
Permafrost presence is determined by a complex interaction of climatic, topographic, and ecological conditions operating over long time scales. In particular, vegetation and organic layer characteristics may act to protect permafrost in regions with a mean annual air temperature (MAAT) above 0 °C. In this study, we document the presence of residual permafrost plateaus in the western Kenai Peninsula lowlands of south-central Alaska, a region with a MAAT of 1.5 ± 1 °C (1981–2010). Continuous ground temperature measurements between 16 September 2012 and 15 September 2015, using calibrated thermistor strings, documented the presence of warm permafrost (−0.04 to −0.08 °C). Field measurements (probing) on several plateau features during the fall of 2015 showed that the depth to the permafrost table averaged 1.48 m but at some locations was as shallow as 0.53 m. Late winter surveys (augering, coring, and GPR) in 2016 showed that the average seasonally frozen ground thickness was 0.45 m, overlying a talik above the permafrost table. Measured permafrost thickness ranged from 0.33 to > 6.90 m. Manual interpretation of historic aerial photography acquired in 1950 indicates that residual permafrost plateaus covered 920 ha as mapped across portions of four wetland complexes encompassing 4810 ha. However, between 1950 and ca. 2010, permafrost plateau extent decreased by 60.0 %, with lateral feature degradation accounting for 85.0 % of the reduction in area. Permafrost loss on the Kenai Peninsula is likely associated with a warming climate, wildfires that remove the protective forest and organic layer cover, groundwater flow at depth, and lateral heat transfer from wetland surface waters in the summer. Better understanding the resilience and vulnerability of ecosystem-protected permafrost is critical for mapping and predicting future permafrost extent and degradation across all permafrost regions that are currently warming. Further work should focus on reconstructing permafrost history in south-central Alaska as well as additional contemporary observations of these ecosystem-protected permafrost sites south of the regions with relatively stable permafrost.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Katlenberg-Lindau, Germany","doi":"10.5194/tc-2016-91","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Baughman, C., Romanovsky, V.E., Parsekian, A.D., Babcock, E., Stephani, E., Jones, M.C., Grosse, G., and Berg, E.E., 2016, Presence of rapidly degrading permafrost plateaus in south-central Alaska: The Cryosphere, v. 10, p. 2673-2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-91.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2673","endPage":"2692","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-074467","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-91","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 60\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dde4b0ee97d51a8411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baughman, Carson 0000-0002-9423-9324 cbaughman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9423-9324","contributorId":169657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baughman","given":"Carson","email":"cbaughman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romanovsky, Vladimir E.","contributorId":169658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6695,"text":"UAF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsekian, Andrew D.","contributorId":23829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parsekian","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Babcock, Esther 0000-0001-7665-7795 ebabcock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-7795","contributorId":169659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"Esther","email":"ebabcock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephani, Eva","contributorId":176912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephani","given":"Eva","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":146182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Berg, Edward E","contributorId":169660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berg","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":25568,"text":"USFWS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70171128,"text":"70171128 - 2016 - Persistence and microbial source tracking of Escherichia coli at a swimming beach at Lake of the Ozarks State Park, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T10:03:06","indexId":"70171128","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-23T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence and microbial source tracking of Escherichia coli at a swimming beach at Lake of the Ozarks State Park, Missouri","docAbstract":"The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) has closed or posted advisories at public beaches at Lake of the Ozarks State Park in Missouri because of Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration exceedances in recent years. Spatial and temporal patterns of E. coliconcentrations, microbial source tracking, novel sampling techniques, and beach-use patterns were studied during the 2012 recreational season to identify possible sources, origins, and occurrence of E. coli contamination at Grand Glaize Beach (GGB). Results indicate an important source of E. coli contamination at GGB was E. coli released into the water column by bathers resuspending avian-contaminated sediments, especially during high-use days early in the recreational season. Escherichia coli concentrations in water, sediment, and resuspended sediment samples all decreased throughout the recreational season likely because of decreasing lake levels resulting in sampling locations receding away from the initial spring shoreline as well as natural decay and physical transport out of the cove. Weekly MDNR beach monitoring, based solely on E. coli concentrations, at GGB during this study inaccurately predicted E. coli exceedances, especially on weekends and holidays. Interestingly, E. coli of human origin were measured at concentrations indicative of raw sewage in runoff from an excavation of a nearby abandoned septic tank that had not been used for nearly two years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12404","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.L., Schumacher, J., and Burken, J.G., 2016, Persistence and microbial source tracking of Escherichia coli at a swimming beach at Lake of the Ozarks State Park, Missouri: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 52, no. 2, p. 508-522, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12404.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"522","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063150","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Lake of the Ozarks State Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.67519235610962,\n 38.11313549976183\n ],\n [\n -92.67519235610962,\n 38.12088427450711\n ],\n [\n -92.66251087188719,\n 38.12088427450711\n ],\n [\n -92.66251087188719,\n 38.11313549976183\n ],\n [\n -92.67519235610962,\n 38.11313549976183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57441b9ce4b07e28b660dabe","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12404","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12404","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Wilson Jordan L., Schumacher John G., Burken Joel G.","journalName":"JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association","publicationDate":"2/24/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Jordan L. 0000-0003-0490-9062 jlwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0490-9062","contributorId":5416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jordan","email":"jlwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schumacher, John G. jschu@usgs.gov","contributorId":2055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumacher","given":"John G.","email":"jschu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burken, Joel G.","contributorId":21218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burken","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171124,"text":"70171124 - 2016 - Observations of wave transformation over a fringing coral reef and the importance of low-frequency waves and offshore water levels to runup, overwash, and coastal flooding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T11:34:56","indexId":"70171124","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-23T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of wave transformation over a fringing coral reef and the importance of low-frequency waves and offshore water levels to runup, overwash, and coastal flooding","docAbstract":"Many low-lying tropical islands are susceptible to sea level rise and often subjected to overwash and flooding during large wave events. To quantify wave dynamics and wave-driven water levels on fringing coral reefs, a 5 month deployment of wave gauges and a current meter was conducted across two shore-normal transects on Roi-Namur Island in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. These observations captured two large wave events that had waves with maximum heights greater than 6 m with peak periods of 16 s over the fore reef. The larger event coincided with a peak spring tide, leading to energetic, highly skewed infragravity (0.04–0.004 Hz) and very low frequency (0.004–0.001 Hz) waves at the shoreline, which reached heights of 1.0 and 0.7 m, respectively. Water surface elevations, combined with wave runup, reached 3.7 m above the reef bed at the innermost reef flat adjacent to the toe of the beach, resulting in flooding of inland areas. This overwash occurred during a 3 h time window that coincided with high tide and maximum low-frequency reef flat wave heights. The relatively low-relief characteristics of this narrow reef flat may further drive shoreline amplification of low-frequency waves due to resonance modes. These results (1) demonstrate how the coupling of high offshore water levels with low-frequency reef flat wave energetics can lead to large impacts along fringing reef-lined shorelines, such as island overwash, and (2) lend support to the hypothesis that predicted higher sea levels will lead to more frequent occurrences of these extreme events, negatively impacting coastal resources and infrastructure.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2015JC011231","usgsCitation":"Cheriton, O., Storlazzi, C.D., and Rosenberger, K.J., 2016, Observations of wave transformation over a fringing coral reef and the importance of low-frequency waves and offshore water levels to runup, overwash, and coastal flooding: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 121, no. 5, p. 3121-3140, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011231.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3121","endPage":"3140","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066923","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jc011231","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57441b9ce4b07e28b660dabc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheriton, Olivia 0000-0003-3011-9136 ocheriton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-9136","contributorId":149003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheriton","given":"Olivia","email":"ocheriton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. 0000-0002-5185-5776 krosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5185-5776","contributorId":140453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170865,"text":"ofr20161046 - 2016 - Algorithms used in the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T15:51:47","indexId":"ofr20161046","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-23T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1046","title":"Algorithms used in the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS)","docAbstract":"The Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS) analyzes Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) data—digitized laser-return waveforms, position, and attitude data—to derive point clouds of target surfaces. A full-waveform airborne lidar system, the EAARL seamlessly and simultaneously collects mixed environment data, including submerged, sub-aerial bare earth, and vegetation-covered topographies.
ALPS uses three waveform target-detection algorithms to determine target positions within a given waveform: centroid analysis, leading edge detection, and bottom detection using water-column backscatter modeling. The centroid analysis algorithm detects opaque hard surfaces. The leading edge algorithm detects topography beneath vegetation and shallow, submerged topography. The bottom detection algorithm uses water-column backscatter modeling for deeper submerged topography in turbid water.
The report describes slant range calculations and explains how ALPS uses laser range and orientation measurements to project measurement points into the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system. Parameters used for coordinate transformations in ALPS are described, as are Interactive Data Language-based methods for gridding EAARL point cloud data to derive digital elevation models. Noise reduction in point clouds through use of a random consensus filter is explained, and detailed pseudocode, mathematical equations, and Yorick source code accompany the report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161046","usgsCitation":"Nagle, David B., and Wright, C. Wayne, 2016, Algorithms used in the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS):\nU.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2016–1046, 45 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161046.","productDescription":"x, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063528","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321007,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1046/ofr20161046.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1046"},{"id":321006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1046/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502–8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
Biocrusts exert a strong influence on hydrological processes in drylands by modifying numerous soil properties that affect water retention and movement in soils. Yet, their role in these processes is not clearly understood due to the large number of factors that act simultaneously and can mask the biocrust effect. The influence of biocrusts on soil hydrology depends on biocrust intrinsic characteristics such as cover, composition, and external morphology, which differ greatly among climate regimes, but also on external factors as soil type, topography and vegetation distribution patterns, as well as interactions among these factors. This chapter reviews the most recent literature published on the role of biocrusts in infiltration and runoff, soil moisture, evaporation and non-rainfall water inputs (fog, dew, water absorption), in an attempt to elucidate the key factors that explain how biocrusts affect land hydrology. In addition to the crust type and site characteristics, recent studies point to the crucial importance of the type of rainfall and the spatial scale at which biocrust effects are analyzed to understand their role in hydrological processes. Future studies need to consider the temporal and spatial scale investigated to obtain more accurate generalizations on the role of biocrusts in land hydrology.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological studies","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_17","usgsCitation":"Chamizo, S., Belnap, J., Elridge, D.J., and Issa, O., 2016, Biological soil crusts: An organizing principle in dryland ecosystems (aka: the role of biocrusts in arid land hydrology), chap. of Ecological studies, p. 321-346, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_17.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"346","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070333","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8b0e4b04836416a0d2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chamizo, Sonia 0000-0002-2980-1683","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-1683","contributorId":174264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamizo","given":"Sonia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27406,"text":"Department of Agronomy, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elridge, David J","contributorId":174265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elridge","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":27407,"text":"Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Issa, Oumarou M","contributorId":174266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Issa","given":"Oumarou M","affiliations":[{"id":27408,"text":"URCA, GEGENAA EA 3795, 51100 Reims – France / UMR 242 IEES-Paris, IRD representation au Niger BP11416 Niamey, Niger","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176219,"text":"70176219 - 2016 - Patterns and controls on nitrogen cycling of biological soil crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-06T13:39:33","indexId":"70176219","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Patterns and controls on nitrogen cycling of biological soil crusts","docAbstract":"Biocrusts play a significant role in the nitrogen [N ] cycle within arid and semi-arid ecosystems, as they contribute major N inputs via biological fixation and dust capture, harbor internal N transformation processes, and direct N losses via N dissolved, gaseous and erosional loss processes (Fig. 1). Because soil N availability in arid and semi-arid ecosystems is generally low and may limit net primary production (NPP), especially during periods when adequate water is available, understanding the mechanisms and controls of N input and loss pathways in biocrusts is critically important to our broader understanding of N cycling in dryland environments. In particular, N cycling by biocrusts likely regulates short-term soil N availability to support vascular plant growth, as well as long-term N accumulation and maintenance of soil fertility. \nIn this chapter, we review the influence of biocrust nutrient input, internal cycling, and loss pathways across a range of biomes. We examine linkages between N fixation capabilities of biocrust organisms and spatio-temporal patterns of soil N availability that may influence the longer-term productivity of dryland ecosystems. Lastly, biocrust influence on N loss pathways such as N gas loss, leakage of N compounds from biocrusts, and transfer in wind and water erosion are important to understand the maintenance of dryland soil fertility over longer time scales. Although great strides have been made in understanding the influence of biocrusts on ecosystem N cycling, there are important knowledge gaps in our understanding of the influence of biocrusts on ecosystem N cycling that should be the focus of future studies. Because work on the interaction of N cycling and biocrusts was reviewed in Belnap and Lange (2003), this chapter will focus primarily on research findings that have emerged over the last 15 years (2000-2015).","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_14","usgsCitation":"Barger, N., Zaady, E., Weber, B., Garcia-Pichel, F., and Belnap, J., 2016, Patterns and controls on nitrogen cycling of biological soil crusts, p. 257-285, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_14.","productDescription":"29 p. ","startPage":"257","endPage":"285","ipdsId":"IP-070429","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328201,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319302126"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8bbe4b04836416a0e00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barger, Nichole N.","contributorId":102392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barger","given":"Nichole N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zaady, Eli","contributorId":39638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaady","given":"Eli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, Bettina","contributorId":21447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Bettina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia-Pichel, Ferran","contributorId":166779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Pichel","given":"Ferran","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24511,"text":"Arizona State University, Tempe AZ USA 85287","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70160268,"text":"sir20155180 - 2016 - Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Conference of research on the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-22T20:38:09.652485","indexId":"sir20155180","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-20T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5180","title":"Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Conference of research on the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"The Colorado Plateau is a physiographic region that encompasses 330,000 square kilometers in parts of four states in the southwestern United States (Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona). Known for its high deserts, the Colorado Plateau also includes isolated mountains, high plateaus, and rugged canyons. Not only is the region topographically diverse, but geologically, biologically, and culturally diverse as well. The landscape is managed by Federal entities including the Bureau of Land Management, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Forest Service; Tribal nations including the Navajo Nation, Kaibab Paiute, Mountain Ute, Southern Ute, Hopi, Zuni, Hualapai, Havasupai, and White Mountain Apache Tribes; State land and wildlife management agencies; and privately owned holdings, creating complex interactions and management challenges. Population growth, increased tourism to Federal and State lands, and energy development have increased water demands and altered land-use patterns, and these changes have emerged as management challenges facing the people working and living in the region. Climate change, particularly the ongoing drought, has exacerbated the effects of population growth, land-use change, and other stressors such as invasive species. As managers seek solutions to the challenges facing the region’s natural and cultural resources, the Biennial Conference of Science and Management of the Colorado Plateau has become an important venue for exchanging information about emerging management concerns and recent scientific research. Each biennial conference has sought to promote discussion, information sharing, and productive communication among the managers, scientists, students, administrators, tribal representatives, and others who attend the conference with the goal of enhancing the use of the best available science to manage the region’s incomparable natural and cultural resources.
\nThe publication and dissemination of a conference proceedings series expands the reach of the conference beyond those people in attendance and creates a record on the research presented. The idea of producing a conference proceedings, and its subsequent publication, first occurred in 1993 following the first biennial conference in 1991. A published volume of contributed papers has followed each subsequent biennial conference, including this volume. The venue for publishing proceedings has changed over the years and has included the National Park Service, the Government Printing Office, the U.S. Geological Survey, and University of Arizona Press. Recently, van Riper and others (2015) published a compilation of the abstracts from the 11 previous conference proceedings. Collectively, the proceedings highlight approximately 25 years of natural- and cultural-resources research, promoting the integration of research with resource management across the Colorado Plateau. This volume is freely downloadable by the public, thereby further expanding the influence of this conference beyond the Colorado Plateau.
\nThe 12th Biennial Conference held in Flagstaff, Arizona, from September 16 to 19, 2013, covered a range of topics in the physical, biological, and socio-cultural sciences. The conference was organized and hosted by Northern Arizona University’s (NAU) Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, the Colorado Plateau Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, and the U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center. Financial and in-kind support was provided by a wide range of organizations including the U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, Grand Canyon Trust, Colorado Plateau Research Station, and various NAU entities. NAU sponsors include the Landscape Conservation Initiative, School of Forestry, School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability, Office of the Provost, and Office of the Vice President of Research. Contributors to these proceedings include researchers and managers from Federal, State, and Tribal governments, universities, private entities, and non-profit organizations. In this regard, this conference has wide-ranging support and participation among private and public entities involved in the science and management of natural resources on the Colorado Plateau.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155180","usgsCitation":"Ralston, B.E., ed., 2016, Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Conference of Research on the Colorado River Plateau: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5180, 128 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155180.","productDescription":"128 p.","numberOfPages":"136","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070115","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399526,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_104245.htm"},{"id":321450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5180/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321451,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5180/sir20155180.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5180 Report PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.40087890624999,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -113.40087890624999,\n 39.35129035526705\n ],\n [\n -106.76513671875,\n 39.35129035526705\n ],\n [\n -106.76513671875,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n -113.40087890624999,\n 34.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"SBSC staff, Southwest Biological Science Center
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REMISE OF THE STUDY: Dispersal of parasitic Cuscuta species (dodders) worldwide has been assumed to be largely anthropomorphic because their seeds do not match any previously known dispersal syndrome and no natural dispersal vectors have been reliably documented. However, the genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution and recent phylogeographic results have indicated that at least18 historical cases of long-distance dispersal (LDD) have occurred during its evolution. The objective of this study is to report the first LDD biological vector for Cuscuta seeds.
\nMETHODS: Twelve northern pintails (Anas acuta) were collected from Suisun Marsh, California and the contents of their lowest part of the large intestine (rectum) were extracted and analyzed. Seed identification was done both morphologically and using a molecular approach. Extracted seeds were tested for germination and compared to seeds not subjected to gut passage to determine the extent of structural changes caused to the seed coat by passing through the digestive tract.
\nKEY RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty dodder seeds were found in the rectum of four northern pintails. From these, 411 seeds were identified as Cuscuta campestris and nine as most likely C. pacifica. The germination rate of C. campestris seeds after gut passage was 55%. Structural changes caused by the gut passage in both species were similar to those caused by an acid scarification.
\nCONCLUSIONS: Endozoochory by waterbirds may explain the historical LDD cases in the evolution of Cuscuta. This also suggests that current border quarantine measures may be insufficient to stopping spreading of dodder pests along migratory flyways.
\nAdvanced modeling tools are needed for informed water resources planning and management. Two classes of modeling tools are often used to this end–(1) distributed-parameter hydrologic models for quantifying supply and (2) river-operation models for sorting out demands under rule-based systems such as the prior-appropriation doctrine. Within each of these two broad classes of models, there are many software tools that excel at simulating the processes specific to each discipline, but have historically over-simplified, or at worse completely neglected, aspects of the other. As a result, water managers reliant on river-operation models for administering water resources need improved tools for representing spatially and temporally varying groundwater resources in conjunctive-use systems. A new tool is described that improves the representation of groundwater/surface-water (GW-SW) interaction within a river-operations modeling context and, in so doing, advances evaluation of system-wide hydrologic consequences of new or altered management regimes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.04.018","usgsCitation":"Morway, E.D., Niswonger, R.G., and Triana, E., 2016, Toward improved simulation of river operations through integration with a hydrologic model: Environmental Modelling and Software, no. 82, p. 255-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.04.018.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"274","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-070519","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.04.018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"82","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5740271de4b07e28b65dcfea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morway, Eric D. 0000-0002-8553-6140 emorway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-6140","contributorId":4320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric","email":"emorway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":152462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triana, Enrique","contributorId":169532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Triana","given":"Enrique","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25556,"text":"MWH Global, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170968,"text":"ofr20161075 - 2016 - Aquatic Trophic Productivity model: A decision support model for river restoration planning in the Methow River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T15:48:44","indexId":"ofr20161075","displayToPublicDate":"2016-05-19T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1075","title":"Aquatic Trophic Productivity model: A decision support model for river restoration planning in the Methow River, Washington","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a dynamic food-web simulation model to provide decision support for Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) river restoration projects in the Methow River, Washington. This modeling effort was done to contribute to Reasonable and Prudent Alternative actions 56 and 57of the 2014 Federal Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion (FCRPS BO), which calls for exploration of modeling as a means to help evaluate Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed fish response to river restoration efforts. In the Methow River, these species of concern include Upper Columbia River (UCR) spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and UCR summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Additionally, the Independent Scientific Advisory Board (ISAB) for the Columbia River has identified the need for modeling (Independent Scientific Advisory Board, 2011a)—including models that incorporate food-web dynamics (Independent Scientific Advisory Board, 2011b)—to better understand how restoration and management strategies might enhance salmon and steelhead populations.
\nDynamic food-web models, even relatively simple ones, can be valuable tools for exploring responses to river restoration. Although these models have rarely been applied to rivers and streams (but see Mcintire and Colby, 1978; Power and others, 1995), they are commonly used for management decisions in terrestrial and ocean ecosystems (Christensen and Pauly, 1993; Evans and others, 2013). One of the main strengths of these models is that they are rooted in the fundamental laws of thermodynamics (that is, mass balance). Moreover, these models can be easily adapted to different contexts by adding or subtracting different species from the web and by mechanistically linking the dynamics of web members to local environmental conditions, such as water temperature, stream discharge, and channel hydraulics (Power and others, 1995; Doyle, 2006). Alternative management actions can then be evaluated by changing these environmental conditions to simulate potential outcomes following restoration.
\nIn this report, we outline the structure of a stream food-web model constructed to explore how alternative river restoration strategies may affect stream fish populations. We have termed this model the “Aquatic Trophic Productivity model” (ATP). We present the model structure, followed by three case study applications of the model to segments of the Methow River watershed in northern Washington. For two case studies (middle Methow River and lower Twisp River floodplain), we ran a series of simulations to explore how food-web dynamics respond to four distinctly different, but applied, strategies in the Methow River watershed: (1) reconnection of floodplain aquatic habitats, (2) riparian vegetation planting, (3) nutrient augmentation (that is, salmon carcass addition), and (4) enhancement of habitat suitability for fish. For the third case study, we conducted simulations to explore the potential fish and food-web response to habitat improvements conducted in 2012 at the Whitefish Island Side Channel, located in the middle Methow River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161075","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Benjamin, J.R., and Bellmore, J.R., 2016, Aquatic trophic productivity model: A decision support model for river restoration planning in the Methow River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016‒1075, 85 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161075.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071770","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1075/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321409,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1075/ofr20161075.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1075 Report PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Methow River","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
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National Parks and other protected areas can be influenced by contamination from outside their boundaries. This is particularly true of smaller parks and those in riparian ecosystems, a habitat that in arid environments provides critical habitat for breeding, migratory, and wintering birds. Animals living in contaminated areas are susceptible to adverse health effects as a result of long-term exposure and bioaccumulation of heavy metals. We investigated the distribution and cascading extent of heavy metal accumulation in Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) at Tumacacori National Historic Park (TUMA) along the upper Santa Cruz River watershed in southern Arizona. This study had three goals: (1) quantify the concentrations and distributional patterns of heavy metals in blood and feathers of Song Sparrows at Tumacacori National Historic Park, (2) quantify hematocrit values, body conditions (that is, residual body mass), and immune conditions of Song Sparrows in the park (3) compare our findings with prior studies at the park to assess the extent of heavy metal accumulation in birds at downstream sites after the 2009 wastewater treatment plant upgrade, and (4) quantify concentrations and distributional patterns of heavy metals in blood and feathers of Song Sparrows among six study sites throughout the upper Santa Cruz River watershed. This study design would allow us to more accurately assess song sparrow condition and blood parameters among sites with differing potential sources of contamination exposure, and how each location could have contributed to heavy metal levels of birds in the park.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engagement, education, and expectations - the future of parks and protected areas: Proceedings of the 2015 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2015 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., and Lester, M.B., 2016, Changing levels of heavy metal accumulation in birds at Tumacacori National Historic Park along the Upper Santa Cruz River Watershed in southern Arizona, in Engagement, education, and expectations - the future of parks and protected areas: Proceedings of the 2015 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites, p. 123-128.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065932","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321385,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/proceedings2015"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"573ed59be4b04a3a6a2462cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lester, Michael B.","contributorId":92170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lester","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}