{"pageNumber":"4444","pageRowStart":"111075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165889,"records":[{"id":70204777,"text":"70204777 - 1986 - Measuring the success of wetlands mitigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T12:38:24","indexId":"70204777","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T12:33:35","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2819,"text":"National Wetlands Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring the success of wetlands mitigation","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Law Institute","usgsCitation":"Quammen, M.L., 1986, Measuring the success of wetlands mitigation: National Wetlands Newsletter, v. 8, no. 5, p. 6-8.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"8","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quammen, Millicent L.","contributorId":218143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quammen","given":"Millicent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207634,"text":"70207634 - 1986 - Rock-water interaction in ash-flow tuffs (Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA)- The record from uranium studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T14:34:09.362526","indexId":"70207634","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T12:20:42","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3668,"text":"Uranium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rock-water interaction in ash-flow tuffs (Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA)- The record from uranium studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Forty-eight core samples of ash-flow tuffs from Yucca Mountain, NV, were selected for comparative analysis by uranium-based methods to estimate past interaction with oxidizing water. Results aid in the selection of hydrologically isolated host rocks for radioactive waste disposal. U abundances were consistently more variable than thorium in whole rocks, suggesting some selective redistribution of U. Dissolved U correlates most strongly with dissolved manganese, indicating a predominant association of U with manganese oxides.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Bush, C.A., Spengler, R., and Szabo, B.J., 1986, Rock-water interaction in ash-flow tuffs (Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA)- The record from uranium studies: Uranium, v. 2, no. 4, p. 361-386.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"386","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.51550292968749,\n              35.98689628443789\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.7469482421875,\n              35.98689628443789\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.7469482421875,\n              37.36579146999664\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.51550292968749,\n              37.36579146999664\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.51550292968749,\n              35.98689628443789\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, Charles A. cbush@usgs.gov","contributorId":1258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"cbush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spengler, R.W.","contributorId":7281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70209970,"text":"70209970 - 1986 - Impact of time and climate on Quaternary soils in the Yucca Mountain area of the Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T16:10:01.560538","indexId":"70209970","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T11:09:43","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Impact of time and climate on Quaternary soils in the Yucca Mountain area of the Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Colorado-Boulder","usgsCitation":"Taylor, E.M., 1986, Impact of time and climate on Quaternary soils in the Yucca Mountain area of the Nevada Test Site, 217 p.","productDescription":"217 p.","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.48254394531249,\n              36.91352904330221\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.43602371215822,\n              36.91352904330221\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.43602371215822,\n              36.95757376878687\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.48254394531249,\n              36.95757376878687\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.48254394531249,\n              36.91352904330221\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Emily M. 0000-0003-1152-5761 emtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-5761","contributorId":127802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","email":"emtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208602,"text":"70208602 - 1986 - Data bases for use in fish and wildlife: Mitigation planning in Tampa Bay Florida: Project summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T11:01:23","indexId":"70208602","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T10:39:28","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5853,"text":"NWRC Open File","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"86-6","title":"Data bases for use in fish and wildlife: Mitigation planning in Tampa Bay Florida: Project summary","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Fehring, W.K., and Quammen, M.L., 1986, Data bases for use in fish and wildlife: Mitigation planning in Tampa Bay Florida: Project summary: NWRC Open File 86-6, viii, 38 p.","productDescription":"viii, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.68173217773438,\n              27.50096297646164\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.59109497070312,\n              27.52166895496826\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.43453979492186,\n              27.752823008396483\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3809814453125,\n              27.836647367576422\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.4139404296875,\n              27.937393821330247\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.47024536132812,\n              27.948312499250406\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.49771118164062,\n              27.919193572615065\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.48397827148438,\n              27.83421858600917\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.540283203125,\n              27.85000469432248\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.52105712890625,\n              27.89006680192903\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.52243041992188,\n              27.94467306257741\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.69134521484374,\n              28.04895490674507\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.70645141601562,\n              27.978636367553744\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.73391723632812,\n              27.953164890693838\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.63641357421875,\n              27.879142241732627\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.61306762695312,\n              27.847576211806295\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.61581420898438,\n              27.806283691459722\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.628173828125,\n              27.788061410911272\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.63641357421875,\n              27.721220259148765\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.64877319335938,\n              27.70784710660343\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.67486572265625,\n              27.715141756723987\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.69683837890625,\n              27.721220259148765\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.72567749023438,\n              27.692040358081382\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.68173217773438,\n              27.50096297646164\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fehring, William K.","contributorId":222599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fehring","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quammen, Millicent L.","contributorId":218143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quammen","given":"Millicent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70217595,"text":"70217595 - 1986 - Sedimentology and clast orientations of the 18 May 1980 southwest- flank lahars, Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T15:03:12.941889","indexId":"70217595","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T09:01:06","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentology and clast orientations of the 18 May 1980 southwest- flank lahars, Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">lahars</span><span>&nbsp;that resulted from the flow transformation of an inflated pyroclastic surge caused by ejected lithic debris and hydrothermal water during the cataclysmic&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">Mount</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">St</span><span>.&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">Helens</span><span>&nbsp;eruption of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">18</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">May</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">1980</span><span>&nbsp;deposited about 1 x 10</span><sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of massive, poorly sorted, poorly graded volcaniclastic sediment on the SW&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">flank</span><span>&nbsp;(SWF). Downflow changes in mean grain size and sorting occur only in the coarse fraction of the deposits larger than a critical diameter of about 4mm, and occur only in the basal portion of the deposits; both mean grain size and sorting coefficient increase slightly with distance. The deposits show weak inverse grading with respect to mean grain size and exhibit a weak trend of upwardly poorer sorting, but&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">lahar</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">clast</span><span>&nbsp;fabric&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">may</span><span>&nbsp;be more complex and variable than previously suggested.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F8A1C-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., and Voight, B., 1986, Sedimentology and clast orientations of the 18 May 1980 southwest- flank lahars, Mount St. Helens, Washington: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 691, no. 705, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8A1C-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382493,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.25860595703122,\n              46.1560536971598\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14736938476561,\n              46.1560536971598\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14736938476561,\n              46.21119992863992\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25860595703122,\n              46.21119992863992\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25860595703122,\n              46.1560536971598\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"691","issue":"705","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voight, B.","contributorId":16575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voight","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":808784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70193877,"text":"70193877 - 1986 - Organochlorine chemical residues in bluegills and common carp from the irrigated San Joaquin Valley floor, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:55:19","indexId":"70193877","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine chemical residues in bluegills and common carp from the irrigated San Joaquin Valley floor, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Samples of bluegills (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Lepomis macrochirus</i><span>) and common carp (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cyprinus carpio</i><span>) collected from the San Joaquin River and two tributaries (Merced River and Salt Slough) in California were analyzed for 21 organochlorine chemical residues by gas chromatography to determine if pesticide contamination was confined to downstream sites exposed to irrigated agriculture, or if nonirrigated upstream sites were also contaminated. Residues of</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p,p′</i><span>-DDE were detected in all samples of both species. Six other contaminants were also present in both species at one or more of the collection sites: chlordane (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">cis</i><span>-chlordane +</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">trans</i><span>-nonachlor);</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p,p′</i><span>-DDD;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">o,p′</i><span>-DDT;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p,p′</i><span>-DDT; DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate); and dieldrin. Concentrations of most of these residues were generally higher in carp than in bluegills; residues of other compounds were found only in carp: α-BHC (α-benzenehexachloride), Aroclor</span><sup>®</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>1260, and toxaphene. Concentrations of most organochlorines in fish increased from upstream to downstream. Water quality variables that are influenced by irrigation return flows (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">e.g.</i><span>, conductivity, turbidity, and total alkalinity) also increased from upstream to downstream and were significantly correlated (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.05) with organochlorine residue levels in the fish. In carp, concentrations of two residues-⌆DDT (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p,p′</i><span>-DDD +</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p,p′</i><span>-DDE + +</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p,p′</i><span>-DDT; 1.43 to 2.21 mg/kg wet weight) and toxaphene (3.12 mg/kg wet weight)-approached the highest levels reported by the National Pesticide Monitoring Program for fish from other intensively farmed watersheds of the United States in 1980 to 1981, and surpassed criteria for whole-body residue concentrations recomended by the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineers for the protection of piscivorous wildlife.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01066402","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., and Schmitt, C.J., 1986, Organochlorine chemical residues in bluegills and common carp from the irrigated San Joaquin Valley floor, California: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 15, no. 4, p. 357-366, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01066402.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley floor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.95373535156249,\n              38.14751758025121\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.75622558593749,\n              36.47872381162464\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.0643310546875,\n              36.50963615733049\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.6683349609375,\n              38.14319750166766\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95373535156249,\n              38.14751758025121\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a082899e4b09af898c8e662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197688,"text":"70197688 - 1986 - Significance of Klamath rocks between the Franciscan Complex and Coast Range ophiolite, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T10:21:49","indexId":"70197688","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of Klamath rocks between the Franciscan Complex and Coast Range ophiolite, northern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Small fault‐bounded slabs of low‐grade (prehnite‐pumpellyite‐bearing) slate, metagraywacke, and greenstone occur between the Coast Range ophiolite and South Fork Mountain Schist for at least 60 km south of the Klamath Mountains, northern California. The metagraywacke slabs differ from typical Franciscan Complex metagraywacke to the west by the absence of blueschist‐facies minerals and the abundance of quartz and chert clasts, and they differ from sandstone and mudstone of the Great Valley sequence to the east by the presence of a penetrative cleavage and low‐grade metamorphism. The metasedimentary rock in the slabs is petrographically identical to the Jurassic Galice Formation, which occurs along the western and southern margins of the Klamath Mountains. Upward drag along a west dipping reverse fault best explains the present structural position of the slabs and is consistent with available geological and geophysical data. These data imply that the Coast Range ophiolite structurally overlies Sierran‐Klamath basement at least locally.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TC005i007p01055","usgsCitation":"Jayko, A.S., Blake, and Brothers, R., 1986, Significance of Klamath rocks between the Franciscan Complex and Coast Range ophiolite, northern California: Tectonics, v. 5, p. 1055-1071, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC005i007p01055.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1071","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35546875000001,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35546875000001,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake","contributorId":146895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brothers, R.N.","contributorId":90866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197689,"text":"70197689 - 1986 - Blueschist metamorphism of the Eastern Franciscan belt, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T10:28:28","indexId":"70197689","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"seriesNumber":"164","title":"Blueschist metamorphism of the Eastern Franciscan belt, northern California","docAbstract":"<p>Rocks of the Eastern Franciscan belt, northern California, are divided into two tectonostratigraphic terranes metamorphosed to the blueschist facies, both with a distinct lithologic association and deformational history. The easternmost terrane, the Pickett Peak terrane of Early Cretaceous isotopic age, consists of crenulated mica schist and gneissic to schistose metagraywacke, with lesser alkalic mafic metaigneous rocks and scarce metachert. The Pickett Peak terrane retains evidence of three periods of penetrative deformation, the first of which is characterized by segregation layering, and the second and third by crenulation cleavages. Blueschist-facies conditions persisted during the first two deformations.</p><p>The Yolla Body terrane of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous paleontologic age lies structurally below and to the west of the Pickett Peak terrane. It is characterized by voluminous metagraywacke and lesser argillite, coherent interbedded radiolarian chert, and alkalic gabbroic dikes and sills. The Yolla Bolly terrane retains evidence for two phases of penetrative deformation that were coaxial with the second and third phases of deformation in the Pickett Peak terrane. The first phase of deformation (parallel to the second phase in the Pickett Peak terrane) was also accompanied by blueschist-facies metamorphism.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1130/MEM164-p107","usgsCitation":"Jayko, A.S., Blake, M., and Brothers, R., 1986, Blueschist metamorphism of the Eastern Franciscan belt, northern California: GSA Memoirs, p. 107-123, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM164-p107.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35546875000001,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35546875000001,\n              41.86956082699455\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              41.83682786072714\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":27094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brothers, R.N.","contributorId":90866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197686,"text":"70197686 - 1986 - Tectonic evolution of Northwest California and Southwest Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T10:08:49","indexId":"70197686","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5712,"text":"Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic evolution of Northwest California and Southwest Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Tectonostratigraphic terrances in northwest California and southwest Oregon record a complex history of subduction, collision, and transform faulting. During the late Jurassic Nevadan orogeny, the Elder Creek-Snow Camp and western Klamath terranes were imbricated during collision of an island-arc system with the continental margin. Subsequent collisions are recorded in the Pickett Peak (Early Cretaceous) and Yolla Bolly (middle Cretaceous) terranes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","doi":"10.2113/gssgfbull.II.6.921","usgsCitation":"Blake, M.C., and Jayko, A.S., 1986, Tectonic evolution of Northwest California and Southwest Oregon: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, v. 11, no. 6, p. 921-930, https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.II.6.921.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"921","endPage":"930","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35546875000001,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35546875000001,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.46386718749999,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, M. Clark Jr.","contributorId":56675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jayko, Angela S. 0000-0002-7378-0330 ajayko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":2531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"Angela","email":"ajayko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":738177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70195036,"text":"70195036 - 1986 - Resource potential of the western North Atlantic Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T15:15:14","indexId":"70195036","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Resource potential of the western North Atlantic Basin","docAbstract":"<p>We here consider the petroleum resources only of the off shelf portion of the western North Atlantic Ocean. Very little information is available for this region; off the eastern United States, only four petroleum exploration holes have been drilled in one restricted area seaward of the shelf, off the Baltimore Canyon trough. However, by interpreting seismic reflection profiles and Stratigraphie data from the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and other wells on the adjacent slope and shelf, we can evaluate the geologic conditions that existed during development of the basin and that might lead to petroleum accumulations.</p><p>The wellknown factors that lead to oil and gas accumulations are availability of source beds, adequate maturation, and the presence of reservoir beds and seals configured to create a trap. The western boundary of the area considered in this paper, the present sloperise break, is one that has developed from the interplay of sedimentation and erosion at the continental margin; these processes are affected by variations in margin subsidence, sedi-ment input, oceanic circulation, sea level, and other factors. Thus the sloperise break has migrated over time and is locally underlain by slope and shelf deposits, as well as deepbasin facies. These changes in depositional environments may well have caused juxtaposition of source and reservoir beds with effective seals.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Geology of North America: The Western North Atlantic Region","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/DNAG-GNA-M","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., Manheim, F.T., Jansa, L., Palmason, G., Tucholke, B.E., and Landrum, R.S., 1986, Resource potential of the western North Atlantic Basin, chap. <i>of</i> Geology of North America: The Western North Atlantic Region, v. M, https://doi.org/10.1130/DNAG-GNA-M.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"M","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a797b98e4b00f54eb1f5e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manheim, Frank T.","contributorId":26991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jansa, L.F.","contributorId":69073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansa","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmason, Gudmundur","contributorId":201644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmason","given":"Gudmundur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tucholke, Brian E.","contributorId":96710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucholke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Landrum, Richard S.","contributorId":201645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landrum","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70196849,"text":"70196849 - 1986 - Cretaceous paleoceanography of the western North Atlantic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-04T11:40:08","indexId":"70196849","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Cretaceous paleoceanography of the western North Atlantic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p>In this paper we summarize available information on the Cretaceous lithostratigraphy and paleoceanography of the western North Atlantic. The data and some of our interpretations draw in large part on papers published in the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) volumes. We have attempted to cite relevant references when possible, but space limitations make it difficult to give proper credit to all sources; we apologize for any omissions.</p><p>Organic carbon (Corg) and carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) analyses were tabulated for each site from papers in the DSDP Initial Report volumes and other published works (e.g., Summerhayes,1981). Corg, CaCO<sub>3</sub>, and non-CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>mass accumulation rates (MARS) were calculated using core by core averages of component percentages for the more continuously cored sites; core averages for wet bulk density and porosity (from DSDP data files); biostratigraphies of de Graciansky and others (1982), Roth and Bowdler (1981), and Cool (1982); and the time scales of the Decade of North American Geology (Palmer, 1983; Kent and Gradstein, this volume) or Harland and others (1982; see Plate 1).</p><p>Backtracked paleodepths for western North Atlantic DSDP Sites from Tucholke and Vogt (1979) with the revised stratigraphy of de Graciansky and others (1982) were used in plotting Corg and CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 (see also Thierstein, 1979).</p><p>Backtracking curves of seafloor paleodepth versus age (Sclater and others, 1977; Tucholke and Vogt, 1979) for selected western North Atlantic DSDP sites. Average CaCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations per core are shown by code number</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Western North Atlantic Region","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/DNAG-GNA-M.617","usgsCitation":"Arthur, M.A., and Dean, W.E., 1986, Cretaceous paleoceanography of the western North Atlantic Ocean, chap. <i>of</i> The Western North Atlantic Region, v. M, p. 617-630, https://doi.org/10.1130/DNAG-GNA-M.617.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"630","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"M","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff381fe4b0da30c1bfd99c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, Michael A.","contributorId":90018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":734719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":734720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197301,"text":"70197301 - 1986 - Morphology and age of fault scarps in the Rio Grande Rift, south-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T12:23:47","indexId":"70197301","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Special Publication 28","title":"Morphology and age of fault scarps in the Rio Grande Rift, south-central Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Fault scarps in the Rio Grande rift of Colorado provide most of the evidence of paleoseismicity in the state, and are thus a major focus of assessments of earthquake hazards. Critical components of such assessments are the ages of past faulting events; age control is scarce and generally coarse for the Rio Grande rift in Colorado. Ages estimated from fault-scarp morphology are thus valuable, partly because they are directly related to the fault eVents, and partly for want of alternative methods. </p><p>The processes responsible for scarp degradation are poorly understood and the many variables that affect the rates and relative importance of those processes limits the precision and accuracy of age estimates derived from scarp morphology. Both analytical and empirical methods are available for relating scarp degradation processes to scarp morphology and age. Diffusion-equation models that have been derived for scarp degradation are useful for their predictive value and for the insight they provide about the degradation processes. However, because of the limitations mentioned above and because of the multiple-event nature of the scarps in the Rio Grande rift, the simpler empirical approach involving the relation between scarp angle and the logarithm of scarp height is used here. </p><p>The scarp-morphology data from the Rio Grande rift suggest that the youngest movements on all of the scarps examined occurred less than 15,000 years ago, with the exception of two scarps that are formed on lithologically dissimilar deposits. This age estimate is consistent with the observation that all of the scarps occur at least in part on deposits of Pinedale age. The scarp-morphology data suggest that some of the scarps are closer to 5,000 years than to 15,000 years in age; several of these scarps occur on deposits of early Holocene age and are associated with early Holocene radiocarbon dates. One scarp occurs on deposits with radiocarbon dates of only a few thousand years, although the morphology of this scarp is unusual for its age. Three scarps have morphologies that suggest that they may represent fault events younger than 5,000 years old. Although no corroboration is available, these scarps may represent some of the youngest fault movements in Colorado. </p>","largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Colorado Seisrnicity and Tectonics: A 1986 Update","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Rogers, W.P., and Kirkham, R., 1986, Morphology and age of fault scarps in the Rio Grande Rift, south-central Colorado, v. 28, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/wp-content/uploads/docs/Pubs/SP-28.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande rift","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -104,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -104,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15b4b6e4b092d9651e2363","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rogers, William P.","contributorId":24220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736590,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirkham, Robert M.","contributorId":98817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkham","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736591,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M.","contributorId":6439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, William P.","contributorId":24220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207375,"text":"70207375 - 1986 - Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-20T06:53:31","indexId":"70207375","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-18T12:47:47","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA)","docAbstract":"<p>The tholeiitic flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group of middle and late Miocene age cover more than 200,000 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The most voluminous formation of the Group, the Grande Ronde Basalt, erupted for 2 m.y. from north-northwest-trending fissure systems concentrated in southeast Washington and adjacent Oregon and Idaho. Four magnetostratigraphic units (designated R<sub>1</sub>, N<sub>1</sub>, R<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>from oldest to youngest) are recognized on the basis of polarity in the Grande Ronde and provide the broad stratigraphic framework for the formation. In this study, major-element chemistry and relative stratigraphic position within the polarity intervals are used to identify and correlate individual flows and sequences of flows within the Grande Ronde Basalt on a regional scale.</p><p>Systematic examination of more than 350 analyses from 47 stratigraphic sections show that most flows fall into one of five major chemical groupings, which are distinguished primarily by small but significant variations in MgO, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>content. In addition, four minor chemical types local to the eastern part of the province have been identified. Feeder dikes of each chemical type have also been located.</p><p>Flows or packets of flows of each chemical type can be correlated between field sections to define specific chemical-stratigraphic subunits. These subunits consist of several flows collectively 30–150 m thick. Subunits of most chemical types are repeated at irregular intervals throughout the formation; no progressive chemical trend occurs within the Grande Ronde.</p><p>Many of the chemical-stratigraphic subunits extend to the margins of the province, although most are confined to the source region in eastern Washington. Although the total number of subunits is less in the west away from the fissure systems, the total thicknesses of the N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and R<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>magnetostratigraphic units are each as thick or thicker than the corresponding units in eastern Washington. The greatest thicknesses occur in the central part of the province within the Pasco basin.</p><p>The distribution of basalt relative to the location of vents, as well as the relative east-west thicknesses, suggests that basalt flowed hundreds of kilometres westward during the most voluminous Grande Ronde eruptions, ponding against the irregular margin of the Cascade Range and being diverted through the ancestral Columbia Gorge toward the Washington-Oregon coast. Between these huge sheetflood events, smaller eruptions blanketed areas within the source region, and ongoing regional subsidence created a shallow westward-draining basin in the center of the province.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1300:RCOGRB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M.T., Wright, T., Swanson, D., and Byerly, G.R., 1986, Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA): GSA Bulletin, v. 97, no. 11, p. 1300-1318, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1300:RCOGRB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1300","endPage":"1318","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.4423828125,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3984375,\n              44.276671273775186\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5087890625,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.970703125,\n              44.87144275016589\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              44.15068115978094\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.3115234375,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.740234375,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.861572265625,\n              43.75522505306928\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.27929687499999,\n              43.91372326852401\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1142578125,\n              44.33956524809713\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.98242187499999,\n              44.86365630540611\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.630859375,\n              45.55252525134013\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.50976562499999,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.18017578125,\n              46.9052455464292\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.13623046874999,\n              47.60616304386874\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.410888671875,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53125,\n              47.96050238891509\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6845703125,\n              46.76996843356982\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4755859375,\n              46.37725420510028\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.4423828125,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, Margaret T. 0000-0002-5273-8053 mmangan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-8053","contributorId":3343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","email":"mmangan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byerly, G. R.","contributorId":6826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerly","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207312,"text":"70207312 - 1986 - The non-transferability of a Cretaceous coal model in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T13:37:33.216588","indexId":"70207312","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-16T15:46:03","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The non-transferability of a Cretaceous coal model in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>The San Juan Basin of northwest New Mexico and southwest Colorado contains several Upper Cretaceous coal-bearing formations. The coals in these formations were deposited in environments associated with repeated transgressions and regressions of the Western Interior seaway in Late Cretaceous time. A detailed subsurface and surface study of the coal beds in one of these units, the Fruitland Formation, formed the basis for a coal-depositional model (Fassett and Hinds, 1971). This model basically shows that the thickest Fruitland coals formed landward of thickly stacked sandstone beds of the regressive-marine Pictured Cliffs Sandstone. Transferability of the Fruitland coal model was tested by comparing it to another San Juan Basin coal-bearing rock unit, the lower Menefee Formation. Lower Menefee coal deposits were formed in association with the Point Lookout Sandstone, an older regressive-marine unit. The purpose of this comparison was to see if thick lower Menefee coal beds were also concentrated adjacent to thick vertical shoreface-sandstone buildups. This comparison showed that even though thick sandstone buildups were found in the Point Lookout, no thick coal beds were found in the lower Menefee Formation adjacent to them. This test suggests that certain coal depositional models may have limited value as predictive tools and must be used with caution by coal explorationists. Even more importantly, potential coal-bearing areas should never be written off simply because they do not fit a previously described model.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/SPE210-p155","usgsCitation":"Fassett, J.E., 1986, The non-transferability of a Cretaceous coal model in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado: GSA Special Papers, v. 210, p. 155-171, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE210-p155.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"171","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.9129638671875,\n              35.96911507577482\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0562744140625,\n              35.96911507577482\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0562744140625,\n              37.4530574713902\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.9129638671875,\n              37.4530574713902\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.9129638671875,\n              35.96911507577482\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"210","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fassett, James E. jfassett@usgs.gov","contributorId":73590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassett","given":"James","email":"jfassett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":777649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014828,"text":"70014828 - 1986 - Petroleum associated with polymetallic sulfide in sediment from Gorda Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-25T15:59:54.481273","indexId":"70014828","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum associated with polymetallic sulfide in sediment from Gorda Ridge","docAbstract":"<p><span>A sediment sample, impregnated with asphaltic petroleum and polymetallic sulfide, was dredged from the southern end of Gorda Ridge (the Escanaba Trough) off northern California, within the offshore Exclusive Economic Zone of the United States. The molecular distributions of hydrocarbons in this petroleum show that it was probably derived from terrestrial organic matter in turbidite sediment filling the Escanaba Trough. Hydrothermal activity at the Gorda Ridge spreading center provided the heat for petroleum formation and was the source of fluids for sulfide mineralization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.234.4781.1231","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., Rapp, J.B., Hostettler, F., Morton, J.L., King, J.D., and Claypool, G., 1986, Petroleum associated with polymetallic sulfide in sediment from Gorda Ridge: Science, v. 234, no. 4781, p. 1231-1234, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4781.1231.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1234","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Gorda Ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -126.69231378781924,\n              42.169044706587556\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.69231378781924,\n              40.05112564768223\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.25772155727577,\n              40.05112564768223\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.25772155727577,\n              42.169044706587556\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.69231378781924,\n              42.169044706587556\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"234","issue":"4781","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a77bde4b0c8380cd7857b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rapp, J. B.","contributorId":28987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morton, J. L.","contributorId":56196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, J. D.","contributorId":71577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1007555,"text":"1007555 - 1986 - Seed germination patterns of Salvia mellifera in fire-prone environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-21T16:04:58.396946","indexId":"1007555","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed germination patterns of Salvia mellifera in fire-prone environments","docAbstract":"<p><i>Salvia mellifera</i><span>&nbsp;seeds from coastal sage, chaparral and desert scrub in southern California failed to germinate in the dark unless exposed to powdered charred wood. This pattern was observed for seeds given a one month stratification at 5 C and for ones not stratified and also for seeds incubated under continuous 23 C or a diurnal alternation of 13 C/23 C. Dark inhibition of germination was also overcome, but only in seeds from chaparral populations, if seeds were incubated on commercial potting soil under alternating 13 C/23 C. Seeds in the light germinated readily in all but one population from desert scrub vegetation. Germination of seeds from this population was markedly stimulated by dry heating of the seeds at either 70 C for 5 h or 115 C for 5 min. For all populations there were numerous significant interactions between incubation temperature, pre-chilling stratification, light, and heating/charred wood treatments. Timing of germination was remarkably consistent between populations; the vast majority of seeds germinated within the first week at 23 C (or 13 C/23 C) regardless of whether or not they had received a pre-chilling treatment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00377311","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1986, Seed germination patterns of Salvia mellifera in fire-prone environments: Oecologia, v. 71, no. 1, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377311.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70121257,"text":"70121257 - 1986 - Use of the instream flow incremental methodology: a tool for negotiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T13:37:07","indexId":"70121257","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-01T13:34:23","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1544,"text":"Environmental Impact Assessment Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the instream flow incremental methodology: a tool for negotiation","docAbstract":"The resolution of conflicts arising from differing values and water uses requires technical information and negotiating skills. This article outlines the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM), developed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and demonstrates that its use to quantify flows necessary to protect desired instream values aids negotiation by illustrating areas of agreement and possible compromises between conflicting water interests. Pursuant to a Section 404 permit application to the US Army Corps of Engineers made by City Utilities of Springfield, Missouri, in 1978, IFIM provided the means by which City Utilities, concerned with a secure water supply for a growing population, and those advocating instream values were satisfied that their requirements were met. In tracing the 15-month process, the authors conclude that the application of IFIM, as well as the cooperative stance adopted by the parties involved, were the key ingredients of the successful permit application.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Impact Assessment Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Inc.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/0195-9255(86)90027-2","usgsCitation":"Cavendish, M., and Duncan, M.I., 1986, Use of the instream flow incremental methodology: a tool for negotiation: Environmental Impact Assessment Review, v. 6, no. 4, p. 347-363, https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-9255(86)90027-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292654,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-9255(86)90027-2"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b65ae4b09d12e0e8e711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cavendish, Mary G.","contributorId":37263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavendish","given":"Mary G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, Margaret I.","contributorId":54896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231439,"text":"70231439 - 1986 - Use of AVHRR data in an information system for fire management in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:53:01.365763","indexId":"70231439","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-01T11:44:03","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of AVHRR data in an information system for fire management in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceDate":"December 4-10, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Nairobi, Kenya","language":"English","publisher":"University of 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,{"id":70014635,"text":"70014635 - 1986 - Mississippi embayment aquifer system in Mississippi: Geohydrologic data compilation for flow model simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-21T16:50:23.525662","indexId":"70014635","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mississippi embayment aquifer system in Mississippi: Geohydrologic data compilation for flow model simulation","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer System Analysis (GC RASA) study, data from 184 geophysical well logs were used to define the geohydrologic framework of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system in Mississippi for flow model simulation. Five major aquifers of Eocene and Paleocene age were defined within this aquifer system in Mississippi.</p><p>A computer data storage system was established to assimilate the information obtained from the geophysical logs. Computer programs were developed to manipulate the data to construct geologic sections and structure maps. Data from the storage system will be input to a five-layer, three-dimensional, finite-difference digital computer model that is used to simulate the flow dynamics in the five major aquifers of the Mississippi embayment aquifer system.</p><p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00773.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Arthur, J.K., and Taylor, R., 1986, Mississippi embayment aquifer system in Mississippi: Geohydrologic data compilation for flow model simulation: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 22, no. 6, p. 1021-1029, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00773.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1029","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4acee4b0c8380cd69074","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, J. K.","contributorId":56223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, R.E.","contributorId":29836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013729,"text":"1013729 - 1986 - Environmental regulation and influence of the eyes and pineal gland on the gonadal cycle and spawning in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-23T16:26:51.751302","indexId":"1013729","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17824,"text":"Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental regulation and influence of the eyes and pineal gland on the gonadal cycle and spawning in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Blinded, pinealectomized, or blinded and pinealectomized female channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>) were placed with normal (unoperated on) control fish in outdoor tanks at constant temperature (21 ± 2 C) or earthen ponds (ambient conditions) in February or August, when they were 21 or 27 mo old. Fish were sampled through the following reproductive season. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma estrogen concentration changed seasonally in 3-yr-old fish, but the changes were less marked or lacking in 2-yr-olds. The GSI levels of sexually mature (≥3 years old) fish peaked about a month earlier in the tanks than in the ponds; the estrogen peak for fish in the tanks was lower than that for pond fish. All experimental fish (both ages) in ponds delayed ovarian resorption for about 1 mo, compared with normal control fish. Exposure to constant 21 C water allowed earlier gonadal recrudescence. All groups of sexually mature fish that were surgically altered in August spawned during the following spring. Fish with eyes spawned earlier and had higher spawning percentages (control 68%, pinealectomized 75%) than did fish without eyes (blinded 50%, blinded and pinealectomized 56%). Neither the eyes nor the pineal is essential for spring gonadal maturation or for spawning in channel catfish, but one or both may have a role in timing these events. An annual internal oscillator that may be modified by environmental temperature is suggested as the primary control of reproductive cycling in the species. Light information obtained through the pineal, eyes, or both appears to affect the time of gonadal resorption.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/physzool.59.6.30158617","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.B., Goudie, C.A., Simco, B., MacGregor, R., and Parker, N., 1986, Environmental regulation and influence of the eyes and pineal gland on the gonadal cycle and spawning in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology, v. 59, no. 6, p. 717-724, https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.59.6.30158617.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"724","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60227d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, K. B.","contributorId":83869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goudie, C. A.","contributorId":97851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goudie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simco, B.A.","contributorId":101216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simco","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacGregor, R. III","contributorId":56178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacGregor","given":"R.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223697,"text":"5223697 - 1986 - Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-21T15:58:10.964942","indexId":"5223697","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui","docAbstract":"<p><i>Neblinaria celiae</i><span>&nbsp;(Theaceae), a rosette shrub endemic to the exceedingly rainy summit of remote Cerro de la Neblina in southern Venezuela, has a previously undescribed set of adaptations to fire. Its growth form entails sparse branching, massive terminal leaf rosettes, and thick bark. It is highly fire-tolerant, with a survival rate of 93% in a stand recently ignited by lightning, vs. 0% in seven co-occurring woody species. Survival increases sharply with rosette height, favoring a sparsely branched habit that would maximize the rate of upward growth through the sparse fuel layer supported by a sterile substrate. Thick bark and massive rosettes help protect cambial and foliar meristems from brief exposure to high temperatures. Rosettes on shorter plants are exposed to greater damage from fire near the ground and, as expected, are bigger and impound more rainwater; the greater number of leaves nearly balances the greater leaf mortality caused by fire. We relate&nbsp;</span><i>Neblinaria's</i><span>&nbsp;growth form to its dominance atop Neblina, to a general model for the evolution of sparse branching, and to the evolution of growth form in other tepui plants.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sprinter Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00379892","usgsCitation":"Givnish, T., McDiarmid, R., and Buck, W., 1986, Fire adaptation in Neblinaria celiae (Theaceae), a high-elevation rosette shrub endemic to a wet equatorial tepui: Oecologia, v. 70, no. 4, p. 481-485, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379892.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"485","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17712,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/m200807695337366/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f461d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Givnish, T.J.","contributorId":40317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Givnish","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buck, W.R.","contributorId":61542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014627,"text":"70014627 - 1986 - Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-25T16:27:17.352171","indexId":"70014627","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic","docAbstract":"Temperature profiles measured in permafrost in northernmost Alaska usually have anomalous curvature in the upper 100 meters or so. When analyzed by heat-conduction theory, the profiles indicate a variable but widespread secular warming of the permafrost surface, generally in the range of 2 to 4 Celsius degrees during the last few decades to a century. Although details of the climatic change cannot be resolved with existing data, there is little doubt of its general magnitude and timing; alternative explanations are limited by the fact that heat transfer in cold permafrost is exclusively by conduction. Since models of greenhouse warming predict climatic change will be greatest in the Arctic and might already be in progress, it is prudent to attempt to understand the rapidly changing thermal regime in this region.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.234.4777.689","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A.H., and Marshall, B.V., 1986, Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic: Science, v. 234, no. 4777, p. 689-696, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4777.689.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"696","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225264,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaskan Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -171.6980593624442,\n              72.43240323325102\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.6980593624442,\n              68.78776745900396\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.06125074207813,\n              68.78776745900396\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.06125074207813,\n              72.43240323325102\n            ],\n            [\n              -171.6980593624442,\n              72.43240323325102\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"234","issue":"4777","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f43fe4b0c8380cd4bc1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, Arthur H.","contributorId":27850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marshall, B. Vaughan","contributorId":83896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vaughan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015522,"text":"70015522 - 1986 - Holocene depositional history of a large glaciated estuary, Penobscot Bay, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T16:28:40.658909","indexId":"70015522","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene depositional history of a large glaciated estuary, Penobscot Bay, Maine","docAbstract":"<p><span>Data from seismic-reflection profiles, sidescan sonar images, and sediment samples reveal the Holocene depositional history of the large (1100 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) glaciated Penobscot Bay estuary of coastal Maine. Previous work has shown that the late Wisconsinan ice sheet retreated from the three main passages of the bay between 12,700 and 13,500 years ago and was accompanied by a marine transgression during which ice and sea were in contact. Isostatic recovery of the crust caused the bay to emerge during the immediate postglacial period, and relative sea level fell to at least −40 m sometime between 9000 and 11,500 years ago.</span></p><p><span>During lowered sea level, the ancestral Penobscot River flowed across the subaerially exposed head of the bay and debouched into Middle Passage. Organic-matter-rich mud from the river was deposited rapidly in remnant, glacially scoured depressions in the lower reaches of Middle and West Passages behind a shallow (⩽20 m water depth) bedrock sill across the bay mouth. East Passage was isolated from the rest of the bay system and received only small amounts of locally derived fine-grained sediments.</span></p><p><span>During the Holocene transgression that accompanied the eustatic rise of sea level, the locus of sedimentation shifted to the head of the bay. Here, heterogeneous fluvial deposits filled the ancestral valley of the Penobscot River as base level rose, and the migrating surf zone created a gently dipping erosional unconformity, marked by a thin (&lt;2 m) lag deposit of coarse sand and gravel. As sea level continued to rise, a thin (⩽9 m) layer of acoustically transparent muddy sediments accumulated over a shallow platform in the eastern half of the bay head. Graded sediments within this stratum began to accumulate early in the transgression, and they record both the decrease in energy conditions and the waning influence of the Penobscot River at the head of the bay. In contrast, relatively thick (up to 25 m) silty clays accumulated within a subbottom trough in the western half of the bay head. This deposit apparently developed late in the transgression after sea level had reached −20 m and after the westward transport of fine-grained sediments from the Penobscot River had been established.</span></p><p><span>During and since the late Holocene transgression of sea level, waves and currents have eroded, reworked, and redistributed Holocene sediments: (1) atop the shallow margins; (2) within constricted channels; (3) around topographic highs; and (4) over the shallow bedrock sill at the bay mouth.</span></p><p><span>The variable distribution, characteristics, and thickness (0 to more than 30 m) of Holocene deposits in Penobscot Bay primarily reflect: (1) the irregular glacially eroded bedrock topography beneath the bay; (2) the paleogeography of the bay during the sea-level lowstand; (3) the postglacial location of the ancestral Penobscot River; and (4) the wave and current regime during and since the Holocene sea-level transgression.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(86)90016-2","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., 1986, Holocene depositional history of a large glaciated estuary, Penobscot Bay, Maine: Marine Geology, v. 73, no. 3-4, p. 215-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90016-2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.03999551126985,\n              44.34162199068783\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.03999551126985,\n              44.101920406934624\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.75420601797863,\n              44.101920406934624\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.75420601797863,\n              44.34162199068783\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.03999551126985,\n              44.34162199068783\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31dee4b0c8380cd5e2d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015688,"text":"70015688 - 1986 - Ascension Submarine Canyon, California - Evolution of a multi-head canyon system along a strike-slip continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T16:37:17.566177","indexId":"70015688","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ascension Submarine Canyon, California - Evolution of a multi-head canyon system along a strike-slip continental margin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ascension Submarine Canyon, which lies along the strike-slip (transform) dominated continental margin of central California, consists of two discrete northwestern heads and six less well defined southeastern heads. These eight heads coalesce to form a single submarine canyon near the 2700 m isobath. Detailed seismic stratigraphic data correlated with 19 rock dredge hauls from the walls of the canyon system, suggest that at least one of the two northwestern heads was initially eroded during a Pliocene lowstand of sea level ∼3.8 m.y. B.P. Paleogeographic reconstructions indicate that at this time, northwestern Ascension Canyon formed the distal channel of nearby Monterey Canyon and has subsequently been offset by right-lateral, strike-slip faulting along the San Gregorio fault zone. Some of the six southwestern heads of Ascension Canyon may also have been initially eroded as the distal portions of Monterey Canyon during late Pliocene-early Pleistocene sea-level lowstands (∼2.8 and 1.75 m.y. B.P.) and subsequently truncated and offset to the northwest.</span></p><p><span>There have also been a minimum of two canyon-cutting episodes within the past 750,000 years, after the entire Ascension Canyon system migrated to the northwest past Monterey Canyon. We attribute these late Pleistocene erosional events to relative lowstands of sea level 750,000 and 18,000 yrs B.P.</span></p><p><span>The late Pleistocene and Holocene evolution of the six southeastern heads also appears to have been controlled by structural uplift of the Ascension-Monterey basement high at the southeastern terminus of the Outer Santa Cruz Basin. We believe that uplift of this basement high sufficiently oversteepened submarine slopes to induce gravitational instability and generate mass movements that resulted in the erosion of the canyon heads.</span></p><p><span>Most significantly, though, our results and interpretations support previous proposals that submarine canyons along strike-slip continental margins can originate by tectonic trunction and lateral offset.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(86)90019-8","usgsCitation":"Nagel, D., Mullins, H., and Greene, H., 1986, Ascension Submarine Canyon, California - Evolution of a multi-head canyon system along a strike-slip continental margin: Marine Geology, v. 73, no. 3-4, p. 285-310, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90019-8.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Ascension Submarine Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.04220770410816,\n              36.837418886253005\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04220770410816,\n              36.60219012527101\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.82811580419279,\n              36.60219012527101\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.82811580419279,\n              36.837418886253005\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04220770410816,\n              36.837418886253005\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edb6e4b0c8380cd4996f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagel, D.K.","contributorId":23393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullins, H.T.","contributorId":76881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"H.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206243,"text":"70206243 - 1986 - Field comparison of shallow seismic sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T13:22:01","indexId":"70206243","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-01T13:11:57","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field comparison of shallow seismic sources","docAbstract":"<p><span>Choosing a seismic source for a shallow reflection survey can be the most pivotal decision for the engineering geophysicist. The intent of this paper is to present data that will assist in selection of a shallow seismic source best meeting the goals within the constraints of specific projects, particularly in areas where the water table is near the surface. The data were collected (and displayed as seismograms and amplitude spectra) for 15 different shallow seismic sources in October, 1985, at a single site in New Jersey; they show the different characteristics of each source. Considering the almost three orders of magnitude difference in total source energy between the largest and smallest source, we chose a display format that presented the data as objectively as possible, while still allowing direct source‐to‐source comparisons. Two strong reflections at about 100 and 130 ms probably mark the top and bottom of a clay unit 80 m below the surface at this site. Our previous work and that of our colleagues suggests that, given a specific set of site characteristics, any source could dominate the comparison categories addressed here.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442061","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.D., Pullan, S.E., Waldner, J., and Haeni, F., 1986, Field comparison of shallow seismic sources: Geophysics, v. 51, no. 11, p. 2067-2092, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442061.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"2067","endPage":"2092","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.49417114257812,\n              39.375445057297966\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.31324005126953,\n              39.375445057297966\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.31324005126953,\n              39.55647128357006\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.49417114257812,\n              39.55647128357006\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.49417114257812,\n              39.375445057297966\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":55517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pullan, S. E.","contributorId":87329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pullan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waldner, J.S.","contributorId":69726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldner","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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