{"pageNumber":"445","pageRowStart":"11100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":70017124,"text":"70017124 - 1994 - Hydrogeologic analysis of the saturated-zone ground-water system, under Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-23T11:07:47.726839","indexId":"70017124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic analysis of the saturated-zone ground-water system, under Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"
The configuration of the southward-sloping water table under Yucca Mountain is dominated by an abrupt decline of 300 m over a distance of less than 2 km. This northeast-striking zone of large hydraulic gradient (of 0.15 or more) separates an area of moderate gradient (of about 0.015) to the north from an area of very small gradient (0.0001) to the south. The position of the large gradient does not correlate well with any evident geologic feature in the upper 0.5 km of the mountain, but we suggest that buried geologic features are present that can explain all the geohydrologic observations.

The three areas of differing hydraulic gradient under Yucca Mountain are parts of hydrogeologic domains that extend more than 70 km to the northeast. On a regional basis, the moderate and very small gradients generally correspond to areas underlain by exceptionally thick Tertiary volcanic sections and a highly transmissive Paleozoic carbonate aquifer, respectively. The regional large gradient and water-table decline are spatially associated with a contact in the Paleozoic rocks between clastic rocks and carbonates. This contact marks a large abrupt drop in the effective base of the hydrologic system because it is the upgradient boundary of the deep carbonate aquifer, which has a thickness of 5 km.

An aeromagnetic high follows the regional-scale domain of large gradient under northern Yucca Mountain from outcrops of a magnetite-bearing clastic confining unit to the east, indicating that the regional correlation of the steep water-table decline with the upgradient boundary of the deep carbonate aquifer may extend to Yucca Mountain. Five additional features may be related to an explanation for the large hydraulic gradient: (1) anomalously low heat flow has been measured deep in the volcanic section south of the water-table decline, suggesting underflow of cool water in the deep carbonate aquifer; (2) the lower tuff sequence, of 0.5–1 km in thickness, which underlies most of Yucca Mountain, is largely replaced in the volcanic section by lavas in the area of the large gradient; (3) an analysis of the hydrogeology of the tuff section under Yucca Mountain indicates that transmissivity in the tuffs increases to the south; (4) a northeast-trending gravity low is present immediately south of the water-table decline; (5) units in the lower part of the volcanic section are 50–100% thicker in the area of the gravity low than to the north and south. The abrupt stratigraphic thickening into the area of the gravity low indicates that the low represents a buried graben with its northern bounding fault centered beneath the abrupt water-table decline.

These geologic features of the zone of large gradient under Yucca Mountain suggest two possible hydrogeologic models. First, the northern bounding fault of the buried graben may provide a highly permeable pathway (a drain) through the brittle lavas in the lower part of the volcanic section under northern Yucca Mountain. The drain would allow flow from the tuff aquifer north of the decline to be captured by the deep carbonate aquifer, resulting in the heat-flow low, the abrupt water-table decline, and the transition to a very small hydraulic gradient. Alternatively, the northern bounding fault of the buried graben may be the effective northern limit of the tuff aquifer under Yucca Mountain because the permeability in the tuffs north of the fault may have been diminished by hydrothermal alteration. In this second model, the large gradient marks the point where the small southward flow of water through the altered volcanic rocks to the north abruptly drops into the tuff aquifer.

In either case, heads in the tuff aquifer in the area of very small gradient may be regulated partly by upward flow from the deep carbonate aquifer. This upward flow under southern Yucca Mountain is indicated by linear thermal highs along fault zones, by ground-water isotopic data suggesting inmixing of waters from the deep carbonate aquifer into the tuff aquifer, and by the upward hydraulic gradient found in a drill hole that penetrates the deep carbonate aquifer under southern Yucca Mountain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)90215-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Fridrich, C.J., Dudley, W., and Stuckless, J., 1994, Hydrogeologic analysis of the saturated-zone ground-water system, under Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Journal of Hydrology, v. 154, no. 1-4, p. 133-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90215-1.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225101,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3372e4b0c8380cd5efee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fridrich, C. J.","contributorId":15652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, W.W. Jr.","contributorId":11769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"W.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017133,"text":"70017133 - 1994 - Uranium-Series Ages of Travertines and Timing of the Last Glaciation in the Northern Yellowstone Area, Wyoming-Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T14:21:15","indexId":"70017133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-Series Ages of Travertines and Timing of the Last Glaciation in the Northern Yellowstone Area, Wyoming-Montana","docAbstract":"Uranium-series age determinations by mass spectrometric methods were done for travertines and associated carbonate veins related to clastic deposits of the last glaciation (Pinedale) in the northern Yellowstone area. Dramatic variations in the hydrologic head are inferred from variations in the elevation of travertine deposition with time and are consistent with the expected hydrologic effects of glaciation. We determine the following chronology of the Pinedale Glaciation, with the key assumption that travertine deposits (and associated carbonate veins) perched high above present thermal springs were deposited when glaciers filled the valley below these perched deposits: (1) the early Pinedale outlet glacier advanced well downvalley between 47,000 and 34,000 yr B.P.; (2) the outlet glacier receded to an interstadial position between 34,000 and 30,000 yr B.P.; (3) an extensive Pinedale ice advance occurred between 30,000 and 22,500 yr B.P.; (4) a major recession occurred between 22,500 and 19,500 yr B.P.; (5) a minor readvance (Deckard Flats) culminated after 19,500 yr B.P.; and (6) recession from the Deckard Flats position was completed before 15,500 yr B.P. This chronology is consistent with the general trend of climatic changes in the northern hemisphere as revealed by recent high-resolution ice-core records from the Greenland ice sheet.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1994.1030","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Sturchio, N., Pierce, K.L., Murrell, M., and Sorey, M., 1994, Uranium-Series Ages of Travertines and Timing of the Last Glaciation in the Northern Yellowstone Area, Wyoming-Montana: Quaternary Research, v. 41, no. 3, p. 265-277, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1030.","startPage":"265","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1030"},{"id":224529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbde0e4b08c986b3292ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sturchio, N.C.","contributorId":16580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturchio","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murrell, M.T.","contributorId":104629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murrell","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017134,"text":"70017134 - 1994 - Model for dolomite formation in northwest Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T08:14:04","indexId":"70017134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model for dolomite formation in northwest Florida","docAbstract":"

Petrographic methods are used to examine the nature of the Floridan post-Oligocene unconformity and diagenetic responses in the associated carbonate units. The study addresses the depositional environment and the character of sediments associated with the unconformity, types and timing of diagenetic changes, and mode of dolomitization for the Suwannee Limestone dolomites and basal Hawthorn Group dolosilts. The purpose of the study is to determine if the original texture of geologic materials is preserved more frequently in rocks deposited in a supratidal environment in the uppermost Floridan carbonates, to examine possible sources of magnesium for the dolomitization that has occurred in the Floridan aquifer, and to determine the chemical environment of dolomite formation. On the basis of lithology, the tri-county study area can be divided into two regions; one in which the uppermost Floridan carbonate is calcareous or locally silicified, and one in which the aquifer system is capped with dolomite. Lateral interfingering between the two regions is apparent, and it is inferred that the boundary between the limestone and dolomite represents a geochemical boundary between a mixed marine and freshwater environment and a subaerially exposed freshwater environment. Where dolomite has replaced the uppermost Suwannee Limestone, the dolomite is overlain by a thin unit of dolosilt. The predominant source of magnesium for the dolomitization that occurred in the study area is probably seawater. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(94)90114-7","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cooper, C., and Tindall, J., 1994, Model for dolomite formation in northwest Florida: Journal of Hydrology, v. 157, no. 1-4, p. 367-391, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90114-7.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"391","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"157","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ba9e4b0c8380cd6f6fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, C.R.","contributorId":25710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017897,"text":"70017897 - 1994 - Isolation, growth, and metabolism of an obligately anaerobic, selenate- respiring bacterium, strain SES-3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T15:31:36.142823","indexId":"70017897","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation, growth, and metabolism of an obligately anaerobic, selenate- respiring bacterium, strain SES-3","docAbstract":"

A gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, motile vibrio was isolated from a selenate-respiring enrichment culture. The isolate, designated strain SES-3, grew by coupling the oxidation of lactate to acetate plus CO2 with the concomitant reduction of selenate to selenite or of nitrate to ammonium. No growth was observed on sulfate or selenite, but cell suspensions readily reduced selenite to elemental selenium (Se0). Hence, SES-3 can carry out a complete reduction of selenate to Se0. Washed cell suspensions of selenate-grown cells did not reduce nitrate, and nitrate-grown cells did not reduce selenate, indicating that these reductions are achieved by separate inducible enzyme systems. However, both nitrate-grown and selenate-grown cells have a constitutive ability to reduce selenite or nitrite. The oxidation of [14C]lactate to 14CO2 coupled to the reduction of selenate or nitrate by cell suspensions was inhibited by CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone), cyanide, and azide. High concentrations of selenite (5 mM) were readily reduced to Se0 by selenate-grown cells, but selenite appeared to block the synthesis of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Tracer experiments with [75Se]selenite indicated that cell suspensions could achieve a rapid and quantitative reduction of selenite to Se0. This reduction was totally inhibited by sulfite, partially inhibited by selenate or nitrite, but unaffected by sulfate or nitrate. Cell suspensions could reduce thiosulfate, but not sulfite, to sulfide. These results suggest that reduction of selenite to Se0 may proceed, in part, by some of the components of a dissimilatory system for sulfur oxyanions.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.60.8.3011-3019.1994","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., Blum, J.S., Culbertson, C.W., Visscher, P., Miller, L., Dowdle, P., and Strohmaier, F., 1994, Isolation, growth, and metabolism of an obligately anaerobic, selenate- respiring bacterium, strain SES-3: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 60, no. 8, p. 3011-3019, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.60.8.3011-3019.1994.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3011","endPage":"3019","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479356,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.60.8.3011-3019.1994","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Stillwater Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.56042480324014,\n 39.458473264222704\n ],\n [\n -118.49588012550593,\n 39.458473264222704\n ],\n [\n -118.45605468605277,\n 39.50193190352539\n ],\n [\n -118.40661620949037,\n 39.5527758014471\n ],\n [\n -118.3846435532401,\n 39.57289122514109\n ],\n [\n -118.3667907700372,\n 39.601466263262466\n ],\n [\n -118.34069824074027,\n 39.676551781231865\n ],\n [\n -118.33795165870914,\n 39.72726762966127\n ],\n [\n -118.56179809425603,\n 39.72726762966127\n ],\n [\n -118.5631713852716,\n 39.81487581546577\n ],\n [\n -118.68539428566221,\n 39.81487581546577\n ],\n [\n -118.68676757667777,\n 39.6913477537712\n ],\n [\n -118.55630493019348,\n 39.6913477537712\n ],\n [\n -118.56042480324014,\n 39.458473264222704\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f58e4b0c8380cd64472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, Jodi S. jsblum@usgs.gov","contributorId":4263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Jodi","email":"jsblum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Visscher, P.T.","contributorId":21568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visscher","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Laurence G. 0000-0002-7807-3475 lgmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3475","contributorId":2460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Laurence G.","email":"lgmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dowdle, P.","contributorId":80439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowdle","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Strohmaier, F.E.","contributorId":37893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strohmaier","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70016582,"text":"70016582 - 1994 - Sorption of chlorobenzenes to cape cod aquifer sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T12:42:19","indexId":"70016582","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of chlorobenzenes to cape cod aquifer sediments","docAbstract":"

Sorption of tetra- and pentachlorobenzene by sediment from a glacial outwash aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, was evaluated. Particle size and mineralogical fractions (separated based on paramagnetic susceptibility) were characterized with respect to sediment organic carbon (SOC), mineralogy, surface area, metal oxide coatings, and spatial variability. SOC increases by a factor of 10 as particle size decreases from 500-1000 to <63 um. Magnetic mineral abundance is a function of particle size and increases from 5 % in the 500-1000-xm fraction to > 25 % in the <63-um fraction, and SOC is preferentially associated with the magnetic minerals. Sorption increases with decreasing particle size (increasing SOC, magnetic minerals, surface area, and metal oxyhydroxides), and the magnetic mineral fraction has greater sorption than the bulk or nonmagnetic fractions. Removal of SOC decreases sorption proportional to the decrease in SOC and results in a nonlinear isotherm.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00054a021","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L., 1994, Sorption of chlorobenzenes to cape cod aquifer sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 5, p. 890-897, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00054a021.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"890","endPage":"897","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b930de4b08c986b31a265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L.B. II","contributorId":6097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.B.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016741,"text":"70016741 - 1994 - Molecular weight, polydispersity, and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T07:15:19","indexId":"70016741","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular weight, polydispersity, and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances","docAbstract":"

The number- and weight-averaged molecular weights of a number of aquatic fulvic acids, a commercial humic acid, and unfractionated organic matter from four natural water samples were measured by high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Molecular weights determined in this manner compared favorably with those values reported in the literature. Both recent literature values and our data indicate that these substances are smaller and less polydisperse than previously believed. Moreover, the molecular weights of the organic matter from three of the four natural water samples compared favorably to the fulvic acid samples extracted from similar environments. Bulk spectroscopic properties of the fulvic substances such as molar absorptivity at 280 nm and the E4/E6 ratio were also measured. A strong correlation was observed between molar absorptivity, total aromaticity, and the weight average molecular weights of all the humic substances. This observation suggests that bulk spectroscopic properties can be used to quickly estimate the size of humic substances and their aromatic contents. Both parameters are important with respect to understanding humic substance mobility and their propensity to react with both organic and inorganic pollutants. 

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00060a015","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chin, Y., Aiken, G., and O’Loughlin, E., 1994, Molecular weight, polydispersity, and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 11, p. 1853-1858, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00060a015.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1853","endPage":"1858","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d17e4b0c8380cd70159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chin, Y.-P.","contributorId":84911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"Y.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Loughlin, E.","contributorId":70930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Loughlin","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017200,"text":"70017200 - 1994 - Measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity in fine-grained glacial tills in Iowa: Comparison of in situ and laboratory methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity in fine-grained glacial tills in Iowa: Comparison of in situ and laboratory methods","docAbstract":"Nested-standpipe and vibrating-wire piezometers were installed in Pre-Illinoian Wolf Creek and Albernett formations at the Eastern Iowa Till Hydrology Site located in Linn County, Iowa. These surficial deposits are composed of fine-grained glacial diamicton (till) with occasional discontinuous lenses of sand and silt. They overlie the Silurian (dolomite) aquifer which provides private, public, and municipal drinking water supplies in the region. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the Wolf Creek Formation was investigated in a sub-area of the Eastern Iowa Till Hydrology Site. Calculations of saturated hydraulic conductivity were based on laboratoryflexible-wall permeameter tests, bailer tests, and pumping test data. Results show that bulk hydraulic conductivity increases by several orders of magnitude as the tested volume of till increases. Increasing values of saturated hydraulic conductivity at larger spatial scales conceptually support a double-porosity flow model for this till.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of tbe Symposium on Hydraulic Conductivity and Waste Contaminant Transport in Soil","conferenceDate":"21 January 1993 through 22 January 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Bruner, D.R., and Lutenegger, A.J., 1994, Measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity in fine-grained glacial tills in Iowa: Comparison of in situ and laboratory methods, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1142, San Antonio, TX, USA, 21 January 1993 through 22 January 1993, p. 255-265.","startPage":"255","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1142","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5313e4b0c8380cd6c869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruner, D. Roger","contributorId":21697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lutenegger, Alan J.","contributorId":8230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutenegger","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016743,"text":"70016743 - 1994 - Case for retrievable high-level nuclear waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016743","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Case for retrievable high-level nuclear waste disposal","docAbstract":"Plans for the nation's first high-level nuclear waste repository have called for permanently closing and sealing the repository soon after it is filled. However, the hydrologic environment of the proposed site at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, should allow the repository to be kept open and the waste retrievable indefinitely. This would allow direct monitoring of the repository and maintain the options for future generations to improve upon the disposal methods or use the uranium in the spent fuel as an energy resource.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management - Proceedings of the Annual International Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management. Part 3 (of 4)","conferenceDate":"22 May 1994 through 26 May 1994","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Roseboom, E.H., 1994, Case for retrievable high-level nuclear waste disposal, in High Level Radioactive Waste Management - Proceedings of the Annual International Conference, v. 3, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 22 May 1994 through 26 May 1994, p. 1774-1781.","startPage":"1774","endPage":"1781","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f388e4b0c8380cd4b877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roseboom, Eugene H. Jr.","contributorId":95205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseboom","given":"Eugene","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017975,"text":"70017975 - 1994 - 'The Kesterson effect'","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T15:10:12","indexId":"70017975","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"'The Kesterson effect'","docAbstract":"Hypothesized to be derived from Cretaceous marine sedimentary rocks, selenium contamination of the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge is traced through irrigation drainage to the source bedrock of the California Coast Ranges. This biogeochemical pathway of selenium is defined here as the 'Kesterson effect.' At the refuge ponds, this effect culminated in 1983 in a 64% rate of deformity and death of embryos and hatchlings of wild aquatic birds. From the previous companion paper on irrigation drainage, the Kesterson effect has been implicated in nine of 11 reconnaissance areas studied in the western United States. Deformities have resulted in at least five of these sites. Climatic, geologic, hydrologic, and soil conditions in these reconnaissance areas are similar to those in the area surrounding Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge in the west-central San Joaquin Valley of California, in California, selenium as selenate, was ultimately found weathered with sulfur from marine sources in soluble sodium and magnesium sulfate salts, which are concentrated by evaporation on farmland soils. The Se, mobilized by irrigation drainage, is bioaccumulated to toxic levels in refuge wetland ponds that are located mainly in hydrologically closed basins and thus act as concentrating disposal points. The depositional environment of the ponds may be similar to that of the nutrient-rich continental shelf edge and slope in which Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene sediments found to be seleniferous in the California Coast Ranges were deposited. Bioaccumulation may be therefore a primary mechanism of selenium enrichment in ancient sediments in addition to that of the formerly suggested Cretaceous volcanic pathway.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02393872","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Presser, T.S., 1994, 'The Kesterson effect': Environmental Management, v. 18, no. 3, p. 437-454, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393872.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232546","text":"External Repository"},{"id":228593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California 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\"}}]}","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e218e4b0c8380cd45965","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presser, T. S.","contributorId":93875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017410,"text":"70017410 - 1994 - Degradation of methyl bromide in anaerobic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T18:53:03.816525","indexId":"70017410","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degradation of methyl bromide in anaerobic sediments","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00052a026","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Miller, L., and Strohmaler, F., 1994, Degradation of methyl bromide in anaerobic sediments: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 3, p. 514-520, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00052a026.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"520","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe57e4b0c8380cd4ecaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strohmaler, F.E.","contributorId":68477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strohmaler","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017411,"text":"70017411 - 1994 - Herbicide interchange between a stream and the adjacent alluvial aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T15:54:32.739068","indexId":"70017411","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Herbicide interchange between a stream and the adjacent alluvial aquifer","docAbstract":"

Herbicide interchange between a stream and the adjacent alluvial aquifer and quantification of herbicide bank storage during high streamflow were investigated at a research site on the Cedar River flood plain, 10 km southeast of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. During high streamflow in March 1990, alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor were detected at concentrations above background in water from wells as distant as 20, 50, and 10 m from the river's edge, respectively. During high streamflow in May 1990, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor were detected at concentrations above background as distant as 20, 50, 10, and 20 m from the river's edge, respectively. Herbicide bank storage took place during high streamflow when hydraulic gradients were from the river to the alluvial aquifer and the laterally infiltrating river water contained herbicide concentrations larger than background concentrations in the aquifer. The herbicide bank storage can be quantified by multiplying herbicide concentration by the \"effective area\" that a well represented and an assumed porosity of 0.25. During March 1990, herbicide bank storage values were calculated to be 1.7,79, and 4.0 mg/m for alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor, respectively. During May 1990, values were 7.1, 54, 11, and 19 mg/m for alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor, respectively. 

","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00062a018","usgsCitation":"Wang, W., and Squillace, P., 1994, Herbicide interchange between a stream and the adjacent alluvial aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 13, p. 2336-2344, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00062a018.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2336","endPage":"2344","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Cedar Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 42.14304156290942\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 42.14304156290942\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 41.68932225997044\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3066e4b0c8380cd5d5fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Wuncheng","contributorId":189650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Wuncheng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squillace, P.","contributorId":15777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017424,"text":"70017424 - 1994 - Volume-controlled hydrologic property measurements in triaxial systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70017424","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Volume-controlled hydrologic property measurements in triaxial systems","docAbstract":"New capabilities for hydrologic property measurements in triaxial systems include: (1) volume-controlled and simultaneous measurements of hydraulic conductivity and one-dimensional consolidation (or specific storage) of a saturated test specimen; and (2) volume-controlled measurements of hydraulic conductivity, matric potential, and the variation of these properties with the moisture content of an unsaturated test specimen. Data on saturated kaolinite demonstrate simultaneous hydraulic-conductivity and one-dimensional consolidation tests with continuous monitoring of both vertical and horizontal effective stresses. Data on well-graded silty sand demonstrate the feasibility of concurrent constant-flow hydraulic conductivity and mattic potential measurements, and the variation of these properties with moisture content, for undisturbed and unsaturated specimens mounted in triaxial cells. Refinements needed to realize the full potential of these capabilities include a more rigid triaxial cell to minimize compliance, and an improved technique for measuring hydraulic-head differences within an unsaturated test specimen.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of tbe Symposium on Hydraulic Conductivity and Waste Contaminant Transport in Soil","conferenceDate":"21 January 1993 through 22 January 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Olsen, H.W., Willden, A.T., Kiusalaas, N.J., Nelson, K.R., and Poeter, E.P., 1994, Volume-controlled hydrologic property measurements in triaxial systems, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1142, San Antonio, TX, USA, 21 January 1993 through 22 January 1993, p. 482-504.","startPage":"482","endPage":"504","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1142","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc364e4b08c986b32b149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Harold W.","contributorId":28985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willden, Arthur T.","contributorId":43930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willden","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiusalaas, Nicholas J.","contributorId":22517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiusalaas","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Karl R.","contributorId":63538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017379,"text":"70017379 - 1994 - Behavior of pollutant-degrading microorganisms in aquifers: Predictions for genetically engineered organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T14:37:59","indexId":"70017379","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavior of pollutant-degrading microorganisms in aquifers: Predictions for genetically engineered organisms","docAbstract":"

Bioremediation via environmental introductions of degradative microorganisms requires that the microbes survive in substantial numbers and effect an increase in the rate and extent of pollutant removal. Combined field and microcosm studies were used to assess these abilities for laboratory-grown bacteria. Following introduction into a contaminated aquifer, viable cells of Pseudomonas sp. B13 were present in the contaminant plume for 447 days; die-off was rapid in pristine areas. In aquifer microcosms, survival of B13 and FR120, a genetically engineered derivative of B13 having enhanced catabolic capabilities for substituted aromatics, was comparable to B13 field results; both bacteria degraded target pollutants in microcosms made with aquifer samples from the aerobic zone of the pollutant plume. Results suggest that field studies with nonrecombinant microorganisms may be coupled to laboratory studies with derivative strains to estimate their bioremediative efficacy. Furthermore, laboratory strains of bacteria can survive for extended periods of time in nature and thus may have important bioremediative applications. 

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00055a025","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Krumme, M., Smith, R.L., Egestorff, J., Thiem, S., Tiedje, J., Timmis, K., and Dwyer, D., 1994, Behavior of pollutant-degrading microorganisms in aquifers: Predictions for genetically engineered organisms: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1134-1138, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00055a025.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1134","endPage":"1138","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0a1e4b0c8380cd4a807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krumme, M.L.","contributorId":79257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krumme","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Egestorff, J.","contributorId":58792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egestorff","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thiem, S.M.","contributorId":30385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiem","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tiedje, J.M.","contributorId":25717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedje","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Timmis, K.N.","contributorId":61190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timmis","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dwyer, D.F.","contributorId":63977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70017399,"text":"70017399 - 1994 - Preferential dealkylation reactions of s-triazine herbicides in the unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:51:56","indexId":"70017399","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preferential dealkylation reactions of s-triazine herbicides in the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"The preferential dealkylation pathways of the s-triazine herbicides, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), propazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], and simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine], and two monodealkylated triazine metabolites, deisopropylatrazine (DIA: 2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-s-triazine) and deethylatrazine (DEA: 2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) were investigated on two adjacent Eudora silt-loam plots growing corn (Zea mays L.). Results from the shallow unsaturated zone and surface-water runoff showed preferential removal of an ethyl side chain from atrazine, simazine, and DIA relative to an isopropyl side chain from atrazine, propazine, and DEA. It is hypothesized that deethylation reactions may proceed at 2-3 times the rate of deisopropylation reactions. It is concluded that small concentrations of DIA reportedly associated with the degradation of atrazine may be due to a rapid turnover rate of the metabolite in the unsaturated zone, not to small production levels. Because of continued dealkylation of both monodealkylated metabolites, a strong argument is advanced for the presence of a didealkylated metabolite in the unsaturated zone.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00053a011","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Mills, M.S., and Michael, T.E., 1994, Preferential dealkylation reactions of s-triazine herbicides in the unsaturated zone: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 28, no. 4, p. 600-605, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00053a011.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"605","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265836,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00053a011"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a821be4b0c8380cd7b8ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, M. S.","contributorId":96279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michael, Thurman E.","contributorId":86116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Thurman","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179038,"text":"70179038 - 1993 - Ground-water hydrology of the upper Sevier River Basin, south-central Utah, and simulation of ground-water flow in the valley-fill in Panguitch Valley.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T09:31:32","indexId":"70179038","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"102","title":"Ground-water hydrology of the upper Sevier River Basin, south-central Utah, and simulation of ground-water flow in the valley-fill in Panguitch Valley.","docAbstract":"

The ground-water hydrology of the upper Sevier River basin, primarily of the unconsolidated valley-fill aquifers, was studied from 1988 to 1989. Recharge to the valley-fill aquifers is mostly by seepage from surface-water sources. Changes in soil-moisture content am water levels were measured in Panguitch Valley both at a flood-irrigated and at a sprinkler-irrigated alfalfa field to quantify seepage from unconsumed irrigation water. Lag time between irrigation and water-level response decreased from 6 to 2 days in the flood-irrigated field as the soil-moisture content increased. Water levels measured in the sprinkler-irrigated field did not respond to irrigation. Discharge from the valley-fill aquifer to the Sevier River in Panguitch Valley is about 53,570 acre-feet per year.

Water levels measured in wells from 1951 to 1989 tend to fluctuate with the quantity of precipitation falling at higher elevations. Ground-water discharge to the Sevier River in Panguitch Valley causes a general increase in the specific conductance of the river in a downstream direction.

A three-layered ground-water-flow model was used to simulate the effects of changes in irrigation practices am increased ground-water withdrawals in Panguitch Valley. The establishment of initial conditions consisted of comparing simulated water levels and simulated gains and losses from the Sevier River and selected canals with values measured during the 1988 irrigation season. The model was calibrated by comparing water-level changes measured from 1961 to 1963 to simulated changes. A simulated change from flood to sprinkler irrigation resulted in a maximum decline in water level of 0.9 feet after the first year of change. Simulating additional discharge from wells resulted in drawdowns of about 20 feet after the first year of pumping.

","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., and Brothers, W.C., 1993, Ground-water hydrology of the upper Sevier River Basin, south-central Utah, and simulation of ground-water flow in the valley-fill in Panguitch Valley.: Technical Publication 102, vii, 121 p.","productDescription":"vii, 121 p.","numberOfPages":"129","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-511"},{"id":332092,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/y920/y920000a.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Sevier River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.862548828125,\n 37.400710068740565\n ],\n [\n -111.6046142578125,\n 37.36579146999664\n ],\n [\n -111.4947509765625,\n 39.56758783088905\n ],\n [\n -111.7034912109375,\n 39.56758783088905\n ],\n [\n -112.532958984375,\n 38.14319750166766\n ],\n [\n -112.862548828125,\n 37.400710068740565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585268e5e4b0e2663625eca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, William C.","contributorId":68891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175166,"text":"70175166 - 1993 - Coupled effects of vertical mixing and benthic grazing on phytoplankton populations in shallow, turbid estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:11:07","indexId":"70175166","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-07T06:15:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2379,"text":"Journal of Marine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled effects of vertical mixing and benthic grazing on phytoplankton populations in shallow, turbid estuaries","docAbstract":"

Coastal ocean waters tend to have very different patterns of phytoplankton biomass variability from the open ocean, and the connections between physical variability and phytoplankton bloom dynamics are less well established for these shallow systems. Predictions of biological responses to physical variability in these environments is inherently difficult because the recurrent seasonal patterns of mixing are complicated by aperiodic fluctuations in river discharge and the high-frequency components of tidal variability. We might expect, then, less predictable and more complex bloom dynamics in these shallow coastal systems compared with the open ocean. Given this complex and dynamic physical environment, can we develop a quantitative framework to define the physical regimes necessary for bloom inception, and can we identify the important mechanisms of physical-biological coupling that lead to the initiation and termination of blooms in estuaries and shallow coastal waters? Numerical modeling provides one approach to address these questions. Here we present results of simulation experiments with a refined version of Cloern's (1991) model in which mixing processes are treated more realistically to reflect the dynamic nature of turbulence generation in estuaries. We investigated several simple models for the turbulent mixing coefficient. We found that the addition of diurnal tidal variation to Cloern's model greatly reduces biomass growth indicating that variations of mixing on the time scale of hours are crucial. Furthermore, we found that for conditions representative of South San Francisco Bay, numerical simulations only allowed for bloom development when the water column was stratified and when minimal mixing was prescribed in the upper layer. Stratification, however, itself is not sufficient to ensure that a bloom will develop: minimal wind stirring is a further prerequisite to bloom development in shallow turbid estuaries with abundant populations of benthic suspension feeders.

","language":"English","publisher":"Sears Foundation for Marine Research","doi":"10.1357/0022240933223954","usgsCitation":"Koseff, J.R., Holen, J.K., Monismith, S., and Cloern, J.E., 1993, Coupled effects of vertical mixing and benthic grazing on phytoplankton populations in shallow, turbid estuaries: Journal of Marine Research, v. 51, no. 4, p. 843-868, https://doi.org/10.1357/0022240933223954.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"843","endPage":"868","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a072b1e4b060ce18fb2d94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koseff, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":37915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koseff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holen, Jacqueline K.","contributorId":173302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holen","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174578,"text":"70174578 - 1993 - Organic carbon sources and sinks in San Francisco Bay: variability induced by river flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T07:23:40","indexId":"70174578","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-05T10:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic carbon sources and sinks in San Francisco Bay: variability induced by river flow","docAbstract":"
\n
Sources and sinks of organic carbon for San Francisco Bay (California, USA) were estimated for 1980. Sources for the southern reach were dominated by phytoplankton and benthic microalgal production. River loading of organic matter was an additional important factor in the northern reach. Tidal marsh export and point sources played a secondary role. Autochthonous production in San Francisco Bay appears to be less than the mean for temperate-zone estuaries, primarily because turbidity limits microalgal production and the development of seagrass beds. Exchange between the Bay and Pacific Ocean plays an unknown but potentially important role in the organic carbon balance. Interannual variability in the organic carbon supply was assessed for Suisun Bay, a northern reach subembayment that provides habitat for important fish species (delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus and larval striped bass Morone saxatilus). The total supply fluctuated by an order of magnitude; depending on the year, either autochthonous sources (phytoplankton production) or allochthonous sources (riverine loading) could be dominant. The primary cause of the year-to-year change was variability of freshwater inflows from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, and its magnitude was much larger than long-term changes arising from marsh destruction and point source decreases. Although interannual variability of the total organic carbon supply could not be assessed for the southern reach, year-to-year changes in phytoplankton production were much smaller than in Suisun Bay, reflecting a relative lack of river influence.
\n
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps095039","usgsCitation":"Jassby, A.D., Powell, T., and Cloern, J.E., 1993, Organic carbon sources and sinks in San Francisco Bay: variability induced by river flow: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 95, no. 1-2, p. 39-54, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps095039.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps095039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Francisco","city":"San Franciso","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 38.30933576918588\n ],\n [\n -121.2506103515625,\n 38.30933576918588\n ],\n [\n -121.2506103515625,\n 37.14499280340638\n ],\n [\n -123.03314208984374,\n 37.14499280340638\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57876630e4b0d27deb36e19a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, T.M.","contributorId":88090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156924,"text":"70156924 - 1993 - Spring climate and salinity in the San Francisco Bay Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:43:33.955176","indexId":"70156924","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring climate and salinity in the San Francisco Bay Estuary","docAbstract":"

Salinity in the San Francisco Bay Estuary almost always experiences its yearly maximum during late summer, but climate variability produces marked interannual variations. The atmospheric circulation pattern impacts the estuary primarily through variations of runoff from rainfall and snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada and, secondarily, through variations in the near-surface salinity in the coastal ocean. While winter precipitation is the primary influence upon salinity in the estuary, spring climate variations also contribute importantly to salinity fluctuations. Spring atmospheric circulation influences both the magnitude and the timing of freshwater flows, through anomalies of precipitation and temperature. To help discriminate between the effects of these two influences, the record is divided into subsets according to whether spring conditions in the region are cool and wet, warm and wet, cool and dry, or warm and dry. Warm springs promote early snowmelt-driven flows, and cool springs result in delayed flows. In addition to effects of winter and spring climate variability operating on the watershed, there are more subtle effects that are transmitted into the estuary from the coastal ocean. These influences are most pronounced in cool and dry springs with high surface salinity (SS) in the coastal ocean versus cool and wet springs with low SS in the coastal ocean. A transect of SS records at stations from the mouth to the head of the bay suggests that the coastal ocean anomaly signal is attenuated from the mouth to the interior of the estuary. In contrast, a delayed, postsummer signal caused by winter and spring runoff variations from the upstream watershed are most pronounced at the head of the estuary and attenuate toward the mouth.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/92WR02152","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D.R., and Peterson, D., 1993, Spring climate and salinity in the San Francisco Bay Estuary: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 2, p. 293-303, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR02152.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"303","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.52777099609375,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -122.52777099609375,\n 38.171273439283084\n ],\n [\n -121.90155029296875,\n 38.171273439283084\n ],\n [\n -121.90155029296875,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -122.52777099609375,\n 37.41816326969145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6fee4b058f706e53ea8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, David H.","contributorId":82776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018223,"text":"70018223 - 1993 - Mapping playa evaporite minerals with AVIRIS data: A first report from Death Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T14:54:08.82958","indexId":"70018223","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping playa evaporite minerals with AVIRIS data: A first report from Death Valley, California","docAbstract":"

Efflorescent salt crusts in Death Valley, California, were mapped by using Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data and a recently developed least-squares spectral band-fitting algorithm. Eight different saline minerals were remotely identified, including three borates, hydroboracite, pinnoite, and rivadavite, that have not been previously reported from the Death Valley efflorescent crusts. The three borates are locally important phases in the crusts, and at least one of the minerals, rivadavite, appears to be forming directly from brine. Borates and other evaporite minerals provide a basis for making remote chemical measurements of desert hydrologic systems. For example, in the Eagle Borax Spring area, the AVIRIS mineral maps pointed to elevated magnesium and boron levels in the ground waters, and to the action of chemical divides causing subsurface fractionation of calcium. Many other chemical aspects of playa brines should have an expression in the associated evaporite assemblages. Certain anhydrous evaporites, including anhydrite, glauberite, and thenardite, lack absorption bands in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range, and crusts composed of these minerals could not be characterized by using AVIRIS. In these situations, thermal-infrared remote sensing data may complement visible and near-infrared data for mapping evaporites. Another problem occurred in wet areas of Death Valley, where water absorption caused low signal levels in the 2.0-2.5 ??m wavelength region that obscured any spectral features of evaporite minerals. Despite these difficulties, the results of this study demonstrate the potential for using AVIRIS and other imaging spectrometer data to study playa chemistry. Such data can be useful for understanding chemical linkages between evaporites and ground waters, and will facilitate studies of how desert ground-water regimes change through time in response to climatic and other variables. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(93)90025-S","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Crowley, J., 1993, Mapping playa evaporite minerals with AVIRIS data: A first report from Death Valley, California: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 44, no. 2-3, p. 337-356, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(93)90025-S.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"356","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.68655810627652,\n 36.921398315526645\n ],\n [\n -117.68655810627652,\n 35.9185137883743\n ],\n [\n -116.61296354270263,\n 35.9185137883743\n ],\n [\n -116.61296354270263,\n 36.921398315526645\n ],\n [\n -117.68655810627652,\n 36.921398315526645\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5070e4b0c8380cd6b6be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowley, J.K.","contributorId":103690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19991,"text":"ofr9461 - 1993 - Policy and procedures for the management and archival storage of data collected for hydrologic investigations, U.S. Geological Survey, Indiana District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T12:38:09","indexId":"ofr9461","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-61","title":"Policy and procedures for the management and archival storage of data collected for hydrologic investigations, U.S. Geological Survey, Indiana District","docAbstract":"

This report describes the policy and procedures used by the Indiana District of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, to manage and store data collected during hydrologic investigations. It is the policy of the Indiana District that data collected to meet the objectives of projects for hydrologic investigations be documented, organized, and archieved in a manner that (1) facilitates retrieval, evaluation, and use by other District personnel, and (2) enables verifi- cation of data contained in all reports and computer data bases.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68491f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, David A.","contributorId":30198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30475,"text":"wri934163 - 1993 - Hydrology of the Estancia Basin, central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri934163","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4163","title":"Hydrology of the Estancia Basin, central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Estancia Basin of central New Mexico is a topographically closed basin that ranges in altitude from 6,000 feet to more than 10,000 feet above sea level. In the center of the basin a valley-fill aquifer of Quaternary age is as much as 400 feet thick. Limestone of the Madera Group of Pennsylvanian and Permian age crops out over most of the southwestern part of the basin. Large-scale ground-water withdrawals for irrigation began about 1950. Between 1950 and 1985, water levels declined 50 to 60 feet in a number of places. From 1985 to the present (1989), however, a small rise in water level has been measured in a number of wells; this rise can be attributed to decreased ground-water withdrawals resulting from a government crop- reduction program and also to several years of heavy winter snowfall. Continuous water-level recorders were placed on three wells from 1986 to 1988. Two of these wells showed short-term water-level changes characteristic of unconfined aquifers, whereas the other showed changes characteristic of confined aquifers. All three wells showed water-level changes caused by barometric-pressure changes. Six series of miscellaneous measurements and two gain-and-loss (seepage) studies were made in streams in the south- western part of the basin. These measurements showed an extreme variability in discharge under different climatic conditions. The specific conductance of water in much of the southwestern part of the basin ranges from 350 to 550 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. East of State Highway 41 in the area of the salt lakes, water quality is highly dependent on depth in the aquifer. Specific- conductance values ranging from about 4,000 to 6,000 microsiemens were measured in water samples from wells in the center of the basin during this study, but previous studies have identified water samples having specific-conductance values of as much as 187,000 microsiemens. A comparison of specific- conductance measurements and laboratory analyses of well water shows that water quality has changed in the past several decades. In many places, increases in spedtic conductance can be correlated with deelines in water level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934163","usgsCitation":"White, R., 1993, Hydrology of the Estancia Basin, central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4163, v, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934163.","productDescription":"v, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4163/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59259,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4163/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59260,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, R.R.","contributorId":52568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27450,"text":"wri934200 - 1993 - Simulated effects of the proposed Garrison Diversion Unit on streamflow and dissolved solids in the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North, North Dakota and Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T19:23:14.649595","indexId":"wri934200","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4200","title":"Simulated effects of the proposed Garrison Diversion Unit on streamflow and dissolved solids in the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North, North Dakota and Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Future development of the Garrison Diversion Unit in North Dakota could deliver 100 cubic feet per second of water for the cities of Fargo, Grand Forks, and surrounding communities. Missouri River water from the Garrison Diversion Unit Sheyenne River water supply would be delivered to the upper reaches of the Sheyenne River, which would convey the water to the Red River of the North. Potential effects of releasing Missouri River water to the Sheyenne River on the quantity and quality of streamflow in the Sheyenne River and in the Red River of the North are evaluated for two proposed operating plans year-round operation (12 months each year) and nonwinter operation (April through October each year). The Project Canals, Reservoirs, and River Systems (PROCRRS) and Canals, Rivers, and Reservoirs Salinity Accounting Procedures (CRRSAP) monthly accounting models are used to predict streamflow and dissolved-solids changes that could result from the proposed release of treated Missouri River water into the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North. For year-round operation of the Garrison Diversion Unit Sheyenne River water supply for the period 1931-84, the maximum quantity of water that must be delivered to the upper reaches of the Sheyenne River so that 100 cubic feet per second of Missouri River water can be delivered to Fargo, N.Dak., and Grand Forks, N.Dak., was estimated to be about 151 cubic feet per second for August 1976. For nonwinter operation the maximum quantity of water was estimated to be about 210 cubic feet per second.

Model simulations were used to assess the effects that operation of the Garrison Diversion Unit Sheyenne River water supply could have on streamflow and water quality of the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North. Effects were assessed by comparing simulated streamflows that include Missouri River water to baseline conditions, which represent hydrologic conditions before addition of Missouri River water.

Simulated mean monthly dissolved-solids concentrations for Sheyenne River nodes for year-round and nonwinter operation of the Garrison Diversion Unit Sheyenne River water supply generally were less than those for baseline conditions. Simulated mean monthly dissolved-solids concentrations for Red River of the North nodes for year-round and nonwinter operation generally were greater than those for baseline conditions.

Streamflow for 1933-42 was about 25 percent of the mean annual streamflow for 1931-84. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for year-round and nonwinter operation for node 125, Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N.Dak., for the low-flow conditions of 1933-42 were less than those for baseline conditions. Annual variability of simulated dissolved-solids concentrations for year-round operation was less than annual variability for nonwinter operation and for baseline conditions. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for year-round and nonwinter operation for node 250, Sheyenne River near Kindred, N.Dak., for the low-flow conditions of 1933-42 ranged from 500 to 600 milligrams per liter. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for baseline conditions ranged from 300 milligrams per liter to greater than 1,000 milligrams per liter. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for nonwinter operation were less than those for year-round operation. For node 700, Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N.Dak., the magnitude of simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for year-round and nonwinter operation for the low-flow conditions of 1933-42 were about the same as those for baseline conditions.

Streamflow for 1973-82 was about 30 percent greater than the mean annual streamflow for 1931-84. For the high-flow conditions of 1973-82, simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for node 125 for year-round operation ranged from about 325 to 650 milligrams per liter, and simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for baseline conditions and for nonwinter operation generally ranged from 325 to 800 milligrams per liter. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for node 250 for year-round and nonwinter operation were about the same as those for baseline conditions. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for node 700 for year-round and nonwinter operation also were about the same as those for baseline conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934200","usgsCitation":"Guenthner, R.S., 1993, Simulated effects of the proposed Garrison Diversion Unit on streamflow and dissolved solids in the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North, North Dakota and Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4200, Report: viii, 121 p.; Plate: 21.38 x 15.78 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934200.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 121 p.; Plate: 21.38 x 15.78 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403298,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47892.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56311,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56310,"rank":399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4200/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4200/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.4167,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -94.2833,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -94.2833,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.4167,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.4167,\n 45.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guenthner, R. Scott","contributorId":95918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenthner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":136,"text":"wsp2400 - 1993 - National water summary 1990-91: Hydrologic events and stream water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T22:33:24.152547","indexId":"wsp2400","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2400","title":"National water summary 1990-91: Hydrologic events and stream water quality","docAbstract":"

National Water Summary 1990-91 Hydrologic Events and Stream Water Quality was planned to complement existing Federal-State water-quality reporting to the U.S. Congress that is required by the Clean Water Act of 1972. This act, formally known as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Public Law 92-500), and its amendments in 1977,1979,1980,1981,1983, and 1987, is the principal basis for Federal-State cooperation on maintaining and reporting on water quality in the United States. Under section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act, the States must designate uses for waterbodies, biennially assess whether the waterbodies meet designated uses, and report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which in turn summarizes the findings of the State assessments in a biennial National Water Quality Inventory report to the Congress.

\n

This volume of the National Water Summary uses a nationally consistent data base and methods of statistical analysis to document stream water quality in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Western Pacific Islands. As a basis for preparation of this report, the U.S. Geological Survey (uses) created a data base of waterquality data from about 2,900 stream water-quality monitoring stations in the United States (Lanfear, 1993). These data, which were extracted primarily from the uses National Water Information System (NWIS) and supplemented with data from the EPA national data base known as STORET, consisted mostly of water-chemistry and physical-sediment data. About 1,400 of these stations met a criterion, used in this volume for trends analysis of data, of having a period of record that began before water year 1980. (A water year is the period from October 1 through September 30 and is identified by the calendar year at the end of the period.) Inasmuch as the determination of trends requires about 10 years of data, few biological data were suitable for trends analysis because biological indicators of water quality were not being collected extensively by water year 1980. Also, because of the lack of long-term data, an assessment of the water quality of lakes and reservoirs is not included in this National Water Summary. Constituent and waterproperty data were selected from this data base and analyzed with statistical techniques that have been used extensively by the uses to summarize conditions and trends in water quality. (Throughout the remainder of this article, the term \"constituent\" is used also to represent water properties, such as pH and alkalinity.) Selected results from this analysis are presented graphically, both by State and nationally, in this volume.

\n

The data base created for preparation of this volume and the resulting nationally consistent statistical analysis of these data provide a unique opportunity to compare and contrast stream water-quality conditions and trends nationally and State by State. Because of the complexity of water quality and the natural seasonal and diurnal variations in the concentrations of waterquality constituents, the determination of trends in water quality requires a relatively long period of record. Trends in constituent concentrations in the State summaries in this volume were calculated for one or more of four periods water years 1970-89,1975-89,1980- 89, and 1982-89. Unfortunately, few water-quality monitoring stations have periods of record of more than 10 or 15 years, and therefore most analyses in the State summaries were done for 8- or 10-year periods. Although interest in water quality has continued to heighten since passage of the Clean Water Act, funds for support of data-collection programs are limited and data records of many of the constituents now of current concern, especially organic constituents, do not exist or are less than 10-years long; consequently only a modest number of organic constituents are presented in this volume. Discussion of conditions and trends in water quality in this National Water Summary also draw upon information about land use, population, water use, application of agricultural chemicals in rural areas, the siting of industrial facilities, and other ancillary information. Because the results of analysis of a restricted number of constituents are presented in this volume, State 305(b) reports also are cited in the discussion of water quality in each State.

\n

The following discussion is an overview of the three parts of this 1990-91 National Water Summary - \"Hydrologic Conditions and Water-Related Events, Water Years 1990-91,\" \"Hydrologic Perspectives on Water Issues,\" and \"State Summaries of Stream Water Quality.\"

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States\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69836d","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Paulson, Richard W.","contributorId":106861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573728,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chase, Edith B.","contributorId":11192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Edith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573729,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, John S. johnw@usgs.gov","contributorId":329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"johnw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":573730,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moody, David W.","contributorId":84729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573731,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1268,"text":"wsp2397 - 1993 - Delineation of recharge areas for selected wells in the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, Rochester, Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18642,"text":"ofr90397 - 1991 - Delineation of recharge areas for selected wells in the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer, Rochester, Minnesota","indexId":"ofr90397","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Delineation of recharge areas for selected wells in the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer, Rochester, Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1268,"text":"wsp2397 - 1993 - Delineation of recharge areas for selected wells in the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, Rochester, Minnesota","indexId":"wsp2397","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Delineation of recharge areas for selected wells in the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, Rochester, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T00:00:40.643267","indexId":"wsp2397","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2397","title":"Delineation of recharge areas for selected wells in the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, Rochester, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Accurate delineation of recharge areas for wells is an important requisite to protecting ground-water quality. Zones of transport and zones of contribution are two types of recharge areas that can be delineated. Analytical-calculation, numerical-modeling, and hydrogeologic-mapping methods were used to delineate recharge areas for two high-capacity wells (greater than about 200 gallons per minute discharge) completed in a karstic aquifer in the city of Rochester, in southeastern Minnesota. One well is less than 1,000 feet from a river in an area where the aquifer is unconfined, whereas the other well is more than 2,000 feet from a stream in an area where a bedrock confining unit is present.

\n

Ground-water travel times from points along the top of the aquifer to a pumped well are identified by use of a constructed map showing lines of equal advective travel time. A zone of transport, therefore, is defined by the area bounded by lines of equal travel time. Zones of transport are delineated by analytical models (calculations) and by numerical models that account for hydrologic factors. Analytical models that were used include fixed-radius (Theis drawdown, Theis time-of-travel, and volumetric equation) and variable shape. Numerical modeling was done with the U.S. Geological Survey three-dimensional ground-water-flow model MODFLOW and particle-tracking code MODPATH. The zone-of-transport areas for each of the two wells calculated by the various analytical models were very similar. The Theis-drawdown method yielded results that compared least favorably with results from the other analytical methods. The zone-of-transport areas computed by use of the numerical model were generally larger than areas computed by use of analytical models.

\n

Hydrogeologic mapping and numerical modeling were used to delineate zones of contribution to wells, defined as all parts of a ground-water-flow system that could supply water to a well. The zones of contribution delineated by use of numerical modeling have similar orientation (parallel to regional flow directions) but significantly different areas than the zones of contribution delineated by use of hydrogeologic mapping. Differences in computed areas of recharge are attributed to the capability of the numerical model to more accurately represent (1) the three-dimensional flow system, (2) hydrologic boundaries such as streams, (3) variable recharge, and (4) the influence of nearby pumped wells, compared to the analytical models.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2397","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., and Almendinger, J.E., 1993, Delineation of recharge areas for selected wells in the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, Rochester, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2397, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2397.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424298,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25297.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2397/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26223,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2397/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Rochester","otherGeospatial":"St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.74658203125,\n 43.898881944430414\n ],\n [\n -92.74658203125,\n 44.11815563115412\n ],\n [\n -92.35519409179688,\n 44.11815563115412\n ],\n [\n -92.35519409179688,\n 43.898881944430414\n ],\n [\n -92.74658203125,\n 43.898881944430414\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab9e4b07f02db6712f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Almendinger, James Edward","contributorId":43330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1891,"text":"wsp2384 - 1993 - Effects of underground mining and mine collapse on the hydrology of selected basins in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2384","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2384","title":"Effects of underground mining and mine collapse on the hydrology of selected basins in West Virginia","docAbstract":"The effects of underground mining and mine collapse on areal hydrology were determined at one site where the mined bed of coal lies above major streams and at two sites where the bed of coal lies below major streams. Subsidence cracks observed at land surface generally run parallel to predominant joint sets in the rocks. The mining and subsidence cracks increase hydraulic conductivity and interconnection of water-bearing rock units, which in turn cause increased infiltration of precipitation and surface water, decreased evapotranspiration, and higher base flows in some small streams. Water levels in observation wells in mined areas fluctuate as much as 100 ft annually. Both gaining and losing streams are found in mined areas. Mine pumpage and drainage can cause diversion of water underground from one basin to another. Areal and single-well aquifer tests indicated that near-surface rocks have higher transmissivity in a mine-subsided basin than in unmined basins. Increased infiltration and circulation through shallow subsurface rocks increase dissolved mineral loads in streams, as do treated and untreated contributions from mine pumpage and drainage. Abandoned and flooded underground mines make good reservoirs because of their increased transmissivity and storage. Subsidence cracks were not detectable by thermal imagery, but springs and seeps were detectable.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2384","usgsCitation":"Hobba, W.A., 1993, Effects of underground mining and mine collapse on the hydrology of selected basins in West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2384, iv, 79 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2384.","productDescription":"iv, 79 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2384/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27180,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2384/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ff39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobba, William A. Jr.","contributorId":46076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobba","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}