Considerable debate surrounds the existence of silicon carbide in nature, mostly owing to the problem of possible contamination by man-made SiC. Recently, Gurney1 reviewed reports of rare SiC inclusions in diamonds, and noted that SiC can only be regarded as a probable rather than proven cogenetic mineral. Here we report our observation of clusters of SiC coexisting with diamond in a kimberlite from Fuxian, China. Macrocrysts of α-SiC are overgrown epitaxially by β-SiC, and both polymorphs are structurally well ordered. We have also measured the carbon isotope compositions of SiC and diamonds from Fuxian. We find that SiC is more enriched in 12C than diamond by 20‰, relative to the PDB standard. Isotope fractionation might have occurred through an isotope exchange reaction in a common carbon reservoir. Silicon carbide may thus ultimately provide information on carbon cycling in the Earth's mantle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/346352a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Leung, I., Guo, W., Friedman, I., and Gleason, J., 1990, Natural occurrence of silicon carbide in a diamondiferous kimberlite from Fuxian: Nature, v. 346, no. 6282, p. 352-354, https://doi.org/10.1038/346352a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"352","endPage":"354","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"346","issue":"6282","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6348e4b0c8380cd723e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leung, I.","contributorId":97385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leung","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, W.","contributorId":43230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gleason, J.","contributorId":16975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016176,"text":"70016176 - 1990 - Midwestern Holocene paleoenvironments revealed by floodplain deposits in northeastern Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-19T16:44:35.475498","indexId":"70016176","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Midwestern Holocene paleoenvironments revealed by floodplain deposits in northeastern Iowa","docAbstract":"Pollen analysis of pond deposits in the upper reaches of a stream from northeastern Iowa, an area beyond the last glacial margin, provides a nearly complete record of vegetational changes during the last 12.5 thousand years. Sixty-one radiocarbon dates provide good chronological control. Spruce forest was replaced by deciduous forest before 9 1 thousand years ago, followed by prairie from 5.4 to 3.5 thousand years ago, and oak savanna from 3.5 thousand years ago until presettlement times. The prairie invasion was nearly 3 thousand years later here than at other sites in Iowa and Minnesota, documenting a late Holocene, rather than an early-middle Holocene, period of maximum warmth and dryness for the southern part of the upper Midwest.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.249.4966.272","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Chumbley, C.A., Baker, R.G., and Bettis, E., 1990, Midwestern Holocene paleoenvironments revealed by floodplain deposits in northeastern Iowa: Science, v. 249, no. 4966, p. 272-274, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.249.4966.272.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"274","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.89463566195896,\n 43.5216541641403\n ],\n [\n -93.89463566195896,\n 41.556019552708705\n ],\n [\n -90.11310565518134,\n 41.556019552708705\n ],\n [\n -90.11310565518134,\n 43.5216541641403\n ],\n [\n -93.89463566195896,\n 43.5216541641403\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"249","issue":"4966","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56f0e4b0c8380cd6d92d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chumbley, C. A.","contributorId":62753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chumbley","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, R. G.","contributorId":96326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70211188,"text":"70211188 - 1990 - Liquefaction and foundation failure of Chevron oil and gasoline tanks at Moss Landing, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T18:01:14.116526","indexId":"70211188","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-16T12:39:52","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquefaction and foundation failure of Chevron oil and gasoline tanks at Moss Landing, California","docAbstract":"Liquefaction of gray, coarse‐ to medium‐grained, esturine sand during the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta (Ms=7.1) earthquake led to foundation failures of oil and tanks at the Chevron Marine Station at Moss Landing located about 25 km south‐southeast of the epicenter. Differential settlement of the foundations resulted in 1° to 6° of the tanks towards one another and an associated 2° to 7° inclination of tank piping. In addition, sand was vented around the bases of the tanks that contained the most oil and adjacent cracks. Liquefaction and related ground failure was not restricted to the vicinity of the Chevron tanks but was a widespread phenomenon at Moss Landing. Analysis of geological and geotechnical data at sites such as the Chevron Marine Station will serve to check and to advance current methods of assessing liquefaction potential at a site and of mapping liquefaction hazard on a regional scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/GL017i010p01797","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M., Cowie, P., Tinsley, J., Benett, M., and Berrill, J., 1990, Liquefaction and foundation failure of Chevron oil and gasoline tanks at Moss Landing, California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 17, no. 10, p. 1797-1800, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i010p01797.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1797","endPage":"1800","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Moss Landing","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4810791015625,\n 36.23319675732526\n ],\n [\n -121.48956298828124,\n 36.23319675732526\n ],\n [\n -121.48956298828124,\n 37.36360851770406\n ],\n [\n -122.4810791015625,\n 37.36360851770406\n ],\n [\n -122.4810791015625,\n 36.23319675732526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, Martitia","contributorId":97415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Martitia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowie, Patience","contributorId":229375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cowie","given":"Patience","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tinsley, John jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":140545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benett, Michael","contributorId":229376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benett","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berrill, John","contributorId":229377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berrill","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180758,"text":"70180758 - 1990 - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a nucleoprotein gene sequence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-02T12:13:49","indexId":"70180758","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a nucleoprotein gene sequence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","docAbstract":"The polymerase chain reaction [PCR) was used to amplify a portion of the nucleoprotein [NI gene of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Using a published sequence for the Round Butte isolate of IHNV, a pair of PCR pnmers was synthesized that spanned a 252 nucleotide region of the N gene from residue 319 to residue 570 of the open reading frame. This region included a 30 nucleotide target sequence for a synthetic oligonucleotide probe developed for detection of IHNV N gene messenger RNA. After 25 cycles of amplification of either messenger or genomic RNA, the PCR product (DNA) of the expected size was easily visible on agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. The specificity of the amplified DNA was confirmed by Southern and dot-blot analysis using the biotinylated oligonucleotide probe. The PCR was able to amplify the N gene sequence of purified genomic RNA from isolates of IHNV representing 5 different electropherotypes. Using the IHNV primer set, no PCR product was obtained from viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus RNA, but 2 higher molecular weight products were synthesized from hirame rhabdovirus RNA that did not hybridize with the biotinylated probe. The PCR could be efficiently performed with all IHNV genomic RNA template concentrations tested (1 ng to 1 pg). The lowest level of sensitivity was not determined. The PCR was used to amplify RNA extracted from infected cell cultures and selected tissues of Infected rainbow trout. The combination of PCR and nucleic acid probe promises to provide a detection method for IHNV that is rapid, h~ghly specific, and sensitive.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao008165","usgsCitation":"Arakawa, C., Deering, R., Higman, K., Oshima, K., O’Hara, P., and Winton, J., 1990, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a nucleoprotein gene sequence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 8, p. 165-170, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao008165.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"165","endPage":"170","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao008165","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58945336e4b0fa1e59b86813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arakawa, C.K.","contributorId":152140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arakawa","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deering, R.E.","contributorId":178851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deering","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higman, K.H.","contributorId":152580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higman","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oshima, K.H.","contributorId":96165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oshima","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Hara, P.J.","contributorId":179020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Hara","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5222406,"text":"5222406 - 1990 - Habitat use by postfledging American black ducks in Maine and New Brunswick","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-27T17:32:45.569533","indexId":"5222406","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by postfledging American black ducks in Maine and New Brunswick","docAbstract":"We examined habitat use by 112 postfledging American black ducks (Anas rubripes) in eastern Maine and southwestern New Brunswick from September through early December of 1985, 1986, and 1987. Ducks were captured on Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Maine. Palustrine Emergent Wetland was the most preferred habitat type. Riverine habitats were avoided in September, but were used more than, or in proportion to, their availability in November as ice formed on lentic habitats. Black ducks used a greater variety of habitat types during the day than at night, when ducks used mostly large (>30 ha) Emergent Wetland marshes. Managed impoundments of Moosehorn NWR were the most used wetlands (66% of all diurnal, 90% of all nocturnal locations). For black duck management, we propose maintaining large (30-50 ha) marshes containing dense emergent vegetation that are located near a complex of diverse wetland types.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809658","usgsCitation":"Frazer, C., Longcore, J.R., and McAuley, D., 1990, Habitat use by postfledging American black ducks in Maine and New Brunswick: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 54, no. 3, p. 451-459, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809658.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"459","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.37107095587054,\n 45.14741637709096\n ],\n [\n -67.37107095587054,\n 45.03895187532217\n ],\n [\n -67.21080446649984,\n 45.03895187532217\n ],\n [\n -67.21080446649984,\n 45.14741637709096\n ],\n [\n -67.37107095587054,\n 45.14741637709096\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frazer, Catherine","contributorId":63899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazer","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, Jerry R.","contributorId":45447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G.","contributorId":346357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel G.","affiliations":[{"id":37196,"text":"Retired USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222407,"text":"5222407 - 1990 - Recent trends in counts of migrant hawks from northeastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-29T16:53:15.990034","indexId":"5222407","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent trends in counts of migrant hawks from northeastern North America","docAbstract":"Using simple regression, pooled-sites route-regression, and nonparametric rank-trend analyses, we evaluated trends in counts of hawks migrating past 6 eastern hawk lookouts from 1972 to 1987. The indexing variable was the total count for a season. Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), merlin (F. columbarius), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), and Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii) counts increased using route-regression and nonparametric methods (P < 0.05). Northern harrier (Circus cyaneus) counts increased based on the nonparametric method (P < 0.01) but not the route-regression method (P > 0.10). We found no consistent trends (P > 0.10) in counts of sharp-shinned hawks (A. striatus), northern goshawks (A. gentilis) red-shouldered hawks (Buteo lineatus), red-tailed hawks (B. jamaicensis), rough-legged hawsk (B. lagopus), and American kestrels (F. sparverius). Broad-winged hawk (B. platypterus) counts declined (P < 0.05) based on the route-regression method. Empirical comparisons of our results with those for well-studied species such as the peregrine falcon, bald eagle, and osprey indicated agreement with nesting surveys. We suggest that counts of migrant hawks are a useful and economical method for detecting long-term trends in species across regions, particularly for species that otherwise cannot be easily surveyed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809660","usgsCitation":"Titus, K., and Fuller, M.R., 1990, Recent trends in counts of migrant hawks from northeastern North America: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 54, no. 3, p. 463-470, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809660.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"470","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.447236,48.182916],[-89.022736,47.858532],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-83.880387,41.720089],[-86.824828,41.76024],[-86.24971,42.480212],[-86.226305,42.988284],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.25395,44.64808],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.641652,44.810816],[-85.520205,44.960347],[-85.477423,44.813781],[-85.355478,45.282774],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.110884,45.526285],[-84.94565,45.708621],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-84.204218,45.627116],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.316118,45.141958],[-83.435822,45.000012],[-83.277213,44.7167],[-83.335248,44.357995],[-83.890145,43.934672],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.618602,43.628891],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-82.915976,44.070503],[-82.617955,43.768596],[-82.423086,42.988728],[-82.509935,42.637294],[-82.648776,42.550401],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.780817,42.652232],[-83.431103,41.757457],[-83.880387,41.720089]]],[[[-88.116846,45.921703],[-90.120489,46.336852],[-90.344338,46.552087],[-89.790663,46.818469],[-88.982483,46.99883],[-88.400224,47.379551],[-87.816958,47.471998],[-87.730804,47.449112],[-88.349952,47.076377],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.167373,46.9588],[-87.915943,46.909508],[-87.619747,46.79821],[-87.366767,46.507303],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.188024,46.654008],[-84.964652,46.772845],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-83.931175,46.017871],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.49484,45.999541],[-84.345451,45.946569],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.820557,45.868293],[-85.047028,46.020603],[-85.528403,46.087121],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.532989,45.882665],[-86.92106,45.697868],[-87.018902,45.838886],[-87.612019,45.123377],[-87.727276,45.216129],[-87.648476,45.352243],[-87.860432,45.423504],[-87.831442,45.714938],[-88.131834,45.811312],[-88.116846,45.921703]]],[[[-92.204691,46.704041],[-92.29353,46.113824],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.807362,44.758909],[-91.410555,43.970892],[-91.244135,43.774667],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.789572,46.639079],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-97.139497,48.153108],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.974286,49.367738],[-94.555835,48.716207],[-93.741843,48.517347],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-92.204691,46.704041]]],[[[-79.761951,42.26986],[-78.868556,42.770258],[-79.061388,43.251349],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-77.577223,43.243263],[-76.794708,43.309632],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.133697,43.940356],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-75.26825,44.855119],[-74.868663,45.001274],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.430325,43.590532],[-73.247631,43.51924],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.482709,41.21276],[-73.727775,41.100696],[-73.782577,40.837601],[-72.635374,40.990536],[-72.245348,41.161217],[-72.273657,41.051533],[-72.116368,40.999796],[-71.869558,41.075046],[-73.23914,40.6251],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-74.143387,40.641903],[-74.209788,40.447407],[-73.995683,40.468707],[-73.971381,40.371709],[-74.141733,39.689435],[-74.933571,38.928519],[-74.905181,39.174945],[-75.165979,39.201842],[-75.542894,39.470447],[-75.481242,39.829112],[-75.799563,39.721882],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-80.519345,41.929168],[-79.761951,42.26986]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.219787,40.502603],[-74.120186,40.642201],[-74.144428,40.53516]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Michigan\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a72e4b07f02db643014","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Kimberly","contributorId":149923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Titus","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":336246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242603,"text":"70242603 - 1990 - Using 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T21:05:40.291825","indexId":"70242603","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-01T15:46:27","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico","title":"Using 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"222Rn was used in the karst drainage basin of the Rio Grande de Manati in Puerto Rico to study groundwater/surface flow relationships. Locations of groundwater influx along two sections of the Rio Grande de Manati were identified. The 222Rn measurements were used together with stream discharge data in a mass balance equation to quantify the groundwater inputs. The investigation established that both of the sections of the Rio Manati surveyed not only gained groundwater, but lost surface flow. It was calculated that the river gained about 1.2m3s−1 and lost 0.5m3s−1 to the aquifer between Ciales and United States Geological Survey gauging station 5. Between United States Geological Survey gauging stations 6 and 7, groundwater influx and stream flow loss occurred simultaneously with groundwater inputs equalling surface discharge losses of 4m3s−1. The study successfully demonstrated the innovative application of 222Rn as a geochemical tracer in examining groundwater/surface flow relationships in a karst system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(90)90212-G","usgsCitation":"Ellins, K.K., Roman-Mas, A., and Lee, A., 1990, Using 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico: Journal of Hydrology, v. 115, no. 1-4, p. 319-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90212-G.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"341","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Puerto Rico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande de Manati","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.58238374630281,\n 18.49085182548353\n ],\n [\n -66.58238374630281,\n 18.336926294425155\n ],\n [\n -66.45315600401067,\n 18.336926294425155\n ],\n [\n -66.45315600401067,\n 18.49085182548353\n ],\n [\n -66.58238374630281,\n 18.49085182548353\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellins, K. Kelly","contributorId":32681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellins","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kelly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman-Mas, A.","contributorId":29578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, A.","contributorId":304055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242780,"text":"70242780 - 1990 - Brunhes chron excursion/polarity episode recorded during the late pleistocene, Albuquerque Volcanoes, New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:20:12.740106","indexId":"70242780","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-01T13:55:22","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brunhes chron excursion/polarity episode recorded during the late pleistocene, Albuquerque Volcanoes, New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"All basaltic lava flows of the Albuquerque Volcanoes (lat.: 35.2°N, long.: 253.2°E), Albuquerque-Belen Basin, New Mexico, record a short excursion/polarity episode. K-Ar isotopic age determinations (weighted average: 155 ± 47 ka) and evaluation of soil profiles on flow surfaces suggest the late Pleistocene (circa between 250 and 80 ka) as the time of extrusion. Results from 63 sites in a minimum of eight flows yield a mean direction of D = 101.1°, I= -36.1°, α95 = 1.2° (α195 = 0.7, α295 = 1.2), k = 2219 (N = 8 flows) and a corresponding virtual geomagnetic pole position (VGP) of 354.1°E, 20.2°S, dp = 0.8°, dm = 1.4° (A195 = 0.5, A295 = 1.4), and VGP angular standard deviation (ASD) = 1.8°. The unusual magnetization in flows of the Albuquerque Volcanoes is carried by fine-grained [single-domain (SD) and/or pseudo-single-domain (PSD)] low-Ti magnetite and is apparently not a function of complex sub-solidus alteration of magnetic phases. Underlying baked soils contain a relatively low coercivity magnetization with directions comprising two groups. One is roughly antipodal to the lava remanence; the other intermediate between the lava remanence and present field direction. Because all flows yield statistically indistinguishable directions, a field directional path clearly cannot be defined. At the precision level of our age determinations, the Albuquerque feature may correlate with other short polarity episodes or excursions of late Pleistocene age (e.g., Blake or Jamaica). Though characteristically limited in directional morphology, well-dated polarity episodes (i.e. sub-chrons) and excursions recorded in volcanic rocks may provide information on the frequency of significant dynamo instabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb00531.x","usgsCitation":"Geissman, J.W., Brown, L., Turrin, B.D., McFadden, L.D., and Harlan, S.S., 1990, Brunhes chron excursion/polarity episode recorded during the late pleistocene, Albuquerque Volcanoes, New Mexico, USA: Geophysical Journal International, v. 102, no. 1, p. 73-88, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb00531.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1990.tb00531.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415864,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque-Belen Basin, Albuquerque Volcanoes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.78332761742904,\n 35.179683942320864\n ],\n [\n -106.78391853914405,\n 35.17782096180261\n ],\n [\n -106.78670431294297,\n 35.17526791915418\n ],\n [\n -106.78653547816751,\n 35.173542844947946\n ],\n [\n -106.78450946085907,\n 35.16609010376514\n ],\n [\n -106.78594455645249,\n 35.158498646716495\n ],\n [\n -106.78577572167656,\n 35.15492978062758\n ],\n [\n -106.78687314771868,\n 35.15078850557798\n ],\n [\n -106.78661989555496,\n 35.146647019750105\n ],\n [\n -106.78602897384029,\n 35.143540767062774\n ],\n [\n -106.78586013906435,\n 35.12754703538374\n ],\n [\n -106.78746406943358,\n 35.12533763848931\n ],\n [\n -106.7757300525225,\n 35.117397123680746\n ],\n [\n -106.76381221674872,\n 35.12405283359223\n ],\n [\n -106.76237712115531,\n 35.14386653262996\n ],\n [\n -106.76355896458502,\n 35.1723046361832\n ],\n [\n -106.76440313846342,\n 35.17989480448921\n ],\n [\n -106.78332761742904,\n 35.179683942320864\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geissman, J. W.","contributorId":105760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, L. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":56995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McFadden, L. D.","contributorId":15765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70124342,"text":"70124342 - 1990 - Winter use of douglas-fir forests by Blue Grouse in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T13:07:26","indexId":"70124342","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-01T13:04:59","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter use of douglas-fir forests by Blue Grouse in Colorado","docAbstract":"We studied winter use of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests by blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) from 1981 to 1983 at 2 study areas in northcentral Colorado. Comparisons of used and available stands indicated grouse were concentrated spatially, but there were no consistent differences related to basal area of tree species, conifer stem densities, and topography that were common to both areas. Blue grouse used dense (2,000 stems/ha) second growth (40-75 yr old), open to dense (200-1,900 stems/ha) mature (100-200 yr old), and open (<100 stems/ha) old-growth (200-600 yr old) stands. Stands used were composed of Douglas-fir alone or in association with subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), limber pine (P. flexilis), Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). Grouse used stands on mesic northern and eastern aspects, on xeric southern and western aspects, at elevations of 2,530-2,960 m, and on slopes of 1-45°. Preferential use (P < 0.05) of Douglas-fir trees occurred within stands that had an abundance of limber pine (use = availability) and subalpine fir (use < availability). Large Douglas-fir (20-90 cm dbh) were preferred (P < 0.05) within stands that had an abundance of smaller (≤15 cm dbh) trees. Both sexes used similar trees.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2307/3809661","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., and Hoffman, R., 1990, Winter use of douglas-fir forests by Blue Grouse in Colorado: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 54, no. 3, p. 471-479, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809661.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"479","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293732,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3809661"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9c2e4b0239f1986bb37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, Richard W.","contributorId":93840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242142,"text":"70242142 - 1990 - Source characteristics of the Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 18, 1989 from global digital seismic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T17:48:44.352353","indexId":"70242142","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-01T12:43:17","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source characteristics of the Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 18, 1989 from global digital seismic data","docAbstract":"Displacement, velocity and acceleration records of P and SH body waves recorded at teleseismic distances are analysed to determine the static and dynamic source parameters of the Loma Prieta, California earthquake of October 18, 1989 (mb 6.6, Ms 7.1). Three distinct bursts of energy corresponding to three subevents can be recognized in most records. The displacement waveforms indicate that the first subevent contributes negligible moment while the largest releases of moment and energy are controlled by the second and third subevents. The second and third subevents are located north and south of the initial nucleation. A fourth small subevent needed to model later features of the P waveforms suggests that slow slip continued after the major releases of energy occurred. The waveforms are fit with a fault plane solution having strike 130°, dip 65° and slip 140° for all the subevents. The focal depths of the two major subevents are 16 and 12 km, and their asperity radii are 4.0 and 6.0 km, respectively. The seismic moment, M0, is 2.2×1026 dyne-cm. From spectral analysis of teleseismic velocity, the radiated energy, Es, is estimated to be 1.1×1022 dyne-cm, implying an apparent stress of 15 bars. From the high-frequency level of the teleseismic acceleration spectrum and a rupture area of 440 km2, we derive a dynamic stress drop of 51 bars.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL017i008p01183","usgsCitation":"Choy, G., and Boatwright, J., 1990, Source characteristics of the Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 18, 1989 from global digital seismic data: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 17, no. 8, p. 1183-1186, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i008p01183.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1183","endPage":"1186","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Loma Prieta, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.96495413208875,\n 37.12642552193387\n ],\n [\n -121.96495413208875,\n 36.96957488229744\n ],\n [\n -121.72622540478163,\n 36.96957488229744\n ],\n [\n -121.72622540478163,\n 37.12642552193387\n ],\n [\n -121.96495413208875,\n 37.12642552193387\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, George choy@usgs.gov","contributorId":2161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"George","email":"choy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, John 0000-0002-6931-5241 boat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":1938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"John","email":"boat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226729,"text":"70226729 - 1990 - Preliminary velocity and resistivity models of the Loma Prieta Earthquake region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-07T18:02:19.480334","indexId":"70226729","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-01T11:54:31","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary velocity and resistivity models of the Loma Prieta Earthquake region","docAbstract":"A preliminary three-dimensional velocity model of the Loma Prieta epicentral region in the Santa Cruz Mountains of California has been derived using raypaths from aftershocks recorded by the U.S.G.S. seismic network. In addition, a magnetotelluric sounding profile was completed prior to the earthquake and a two-dimensional resistivity model computed. The velocity and resistivity models include a low-resistivity (3–10 ohm-m), low-velocity (3.3–5.8 km/s) wedge of material between the Zayante and San Andreas faults that extends to depths of over 8 km and is interpreted to be largely Tertiary marine sedimentary rocks. A high-resistivity (>1000 ohm-m), high-velocity (6.4–6.7 km/s) zone between the San Andreas and Sargent faults may represent largely mafic intrusive rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL017i008p01235","usgsCitation":"Eberhart-Phillips, D., Labson, V.F., Stanley, W., Michael, A.J., and Rodriguez, B.D., 1990, Preliminary velocity and resistivity models of the Loma Prieta Earthquake region: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 17, no. 8, p. 1235-1238, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i008p01235.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1235","endPage":"1238","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Loma Prieta epicentral region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 37.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberhart-Phillips, Donna 0000-0003-0392-8659","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0392-8659","contributorId":190650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eberhart-Phillips","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labson, Victor F. 0000-0003-1905-1820 vlabson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-1820","contributorId":326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"Victor","email":"vlabson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, William D.","contributorId":23274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242677,"text":"70242677 - 1990 - Seismomagnetic effect generated by the October, 1989, ML, 7.1 Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-12T14:22:26.85206","indexId":"70242677","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-01T09:08:03","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismomagnetic effect generated by the October, 1989, ML, 7.1 Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake","docAbstract":"A differentially connected array of proton magnetometers operated within the epicentral region of the October 18, 1989, ML 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake for 12 years from 1974 to 1986. The closest magnetometer station was located 7.3 km from the epicenter of the earthquake and within 3 km of the site where anomalous ULF magnetic noise measurements were observed. Following the earthquake, the magnetometers were reinstalled with sensors replaced in the original undisturbed sensor holders. Comparison of pre-1986 total intensity magnetic field data with data obtained during the months following the earthquake indicate local offsets of about 1 nT may have been generated at stations nearest the epicenter. Tests on other continuous differenced data from 1983 to present indicate that offsets determined could be biased by as much as 0.7 nT. The offsets can be approximately fit with a simple seismomagnetic model of the earthquake for which 1.9 m of right lateral and 1.3 m of dip slip (southwest side up) occurred on a fault patch between 6 km and 18 km deep and 45 km long. The total rock magnetization is assumed to be 1.5 A/m. Since the offset has persisted following the earthquake, an alternate explanation in terms of electokinetic effects is unlikely even though transient ground water flow occurred following the earthquake. Comparison of pre-1986 and similar post-seismic total magnetic field noise does not indicate any change caused by aliasing of ULF (0.01 Hz-10 Hz) magnetic noise in the vicinity of the Loma Prieta earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL017i008p01231","usgsCitation":"Mueller, R., and Johnston, M., 1990, Seismomagnetic effect generated by the October, 1989, ML, 7.1 Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 17, no. 8, p. 1231-1234, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i008p01231.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1234","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Loma Prieta, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.64409994601175,\n 37.82359941405859\n ],\n [\n -122.64409994601175,\n 36.47073435770851\n ],\n [\n -121.00659629040953,\n 36.47073435770851\n ],\n [\n -121.00659629040953,\n 37.82359941405859\n ],\n [\n -122.64409994601175,\n 37.82359941405859\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, R.J.","contributorId":77135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242676,"text":"70242676 - 1990 - Aftershock slip behavior of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-12T14:04:22.388874","indexId":"70242676","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-01T08:58:48","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershock slip behavior of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California Earthquake","docAbstract":"An analysis of 745 aftershocks of the M7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake of 17 October, 1989 reveals a wide variety of focal mechansims. At the northwestern end of the aftershock zone earthquakes that apparently occurred off the main rupture plane exhibit mechanisms with predominantly reverse slip on planes nearly parallel to the San Andreas fault. At the southeastern end the mechanisms exhibit right-lateral motion on near-vertical planes, suggesting that these aftershocks involve slip on the San Andreas fault. Few of the aftershock mechanisms in the central zone resemble the main shock mechanism (strike N130°E, dip 70°SW, rake 140°), but instead exhibit reverse, right-lateral, left-lateral, and normal motion on planes subparallel to the main shock rupture plane. The dip of the aftershock zone is parallel to the main shock slip plane and includes the main shock hypocenter. However, the lack of agreement between of the main shock and the aftershock mechanisms suggests that few of the aftershocks occurred on the main shock slip plane. This behavior is consistent with observations of aftershock sequences for other dip-slip events and also with studies indicating that main shock rupture zones are at all other times mostly aseismic. If the stress drop for the main shock relieved most of the tectonic stress, the mechanisms could reflect the heterogeneity of the near-field stress redistribution. Alternatively the variety of the aftershock mechanisms may reflect deformation by block motion within a narrow zone adjacent to the main shock rupture plane.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL017i008p01199","usgsCitation":"Oppenheimer, D.H., 1990, Aftershock slip behavior of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California Earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 17, no. 8, p. 1199-1202, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i008p01199.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1202","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415656,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Loma Prieta, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.47755178797783,\n 37.3782990766299\n ],\n [\n -122.47755178797783,\n 36.537474646784375\n ],\n [\n -120.90177356935283,\n 36.537474646784375\n ],\n [\n -120.90177356935283,\n 37.3782990766299\n ],\n [\n -122.47755178797783,\n 37.3782990766299\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oppenheimer, David H. oppen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppenheimer","given":"David","email":"oppen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70242821,"text":"70242821 - 1990 - Remagnetization and northward translation of Mesozoic red chert from Cedros Island and the San Benito Islands, Baja California, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-19T13:20:47.149082","indexId":"70242821","displayToPublicDate":"1990-07-01T08:10:45","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remagnetization and northward translation of Mesozoic red chert from Cedros Island and the San Benito Islands, Baja California, Mexico","docAbstract":"Samples for paleomagnetic analysis were collected from red radiolarian ribbon chert in a Franciscan-like subduction complex (Western Baja terrane) exposed along the western margin of the Baja California Peninsula. A 40-m-thick section of chert was sampled on Cedros Island, and a 30-m-thick and two smaller sections of chert were sampled on the San Benito Islands to the west. A site in pillow basalt underlying the chert also was sampled on Cedros Island. The sections of chert on Cedros Island and the San Benito Islands contain radiolaria ranging in age from Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous. All of these rocks have similar normal-polarity direction of magnetization, indicating that they were remagnetized long after deposition. Results from a chert site, including an intrastratal fold, also indicate that the magnetization is postdepositional. A significantly improved grouping (95% confidence level) of directions after correction for the structural attitudes of the Cedros and San Benito chert sections, however, implies that the remagnetization predates breaking up and incorporation of the chert into the subduction complex. Studies of modern subduction zones imply that the attitude of the ancient subducting slab, including the chert sections, was near horizontal (dip angles <10° at the time of remagnetization. Thus, assuming paleohorizontality, a paleolatitude of 12° ± 5° N can be estimated for the Western Baja terrane in mid-Cretaceous time. The paleomagnetic directions also indicate a subsequent poleward translation of 25° ± 7° in latitude (2,800 km) and a clockwise rotation of 56° ± 7° of the Western Baja terrane with respect to North America. The paleolatitude error limits at the 95% confidence level represent minimum values, because deviations of the bedding planes from horizontal during remagnetization would contribute to the error. A 10° NE dip of the subducting slab, however, would account for only 4° of the paleolatitude anomaly, and a ≃60° NE dip would be needed to account for the entire anomaly. Modern analogs, in combination with plate-reconstruction models, imply that the northward translation of the Western Baja terrane along the ancient convergent margin of North America could have been accomplished by arc-parallel strike-slip faulting that was driven by oblique subduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0983:RANTOM>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J.T., and Sedlock, R., 1990, Remagnetization and northward translation of Mesozoic red chert from Cedros Island and the San Benito Islands, Baja California, Mexico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 102, no. 7, p. 983-991, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0983:RANTOM>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"983","endPage":"991","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Baja California","otherGeospatial":"Cedros Island, San Benito Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.16625041062265,\n 28.2311617167161\n ],\n [\n -115.15883393973586,\n 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jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedlock, R.L.","contributorId":76902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedlock","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186684,"text":"70186684 - 1990 - New Washakiin primates (Omomyidae) from the Eocene of Wyoming and Colorado, and comments on the evolution of the Washakiini","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T16:57:30.082771","indexId":"70186684","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2491,"text":"Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New Washakiin primates (Omomyidae) from the Eocene of Wyoming and Colorado, and comments on the evolution of the Washakiini","docAbstract":"Two new species of washakiin omomyids occur in deposits of early Bridgerian age. Shoshonius bowni, sp. nov., from the Aycross Formation, Absaroka Range, Wyoming, differs from S. cooperi in having enlarged conules on the upper molars and a second metaconule, features convergent with Washakius insignis. Washakius izetti, sp. nov., from the Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, is the most primitive known species of Washakius, showing incipient development of features present in the later W. insignis and W. woodringi. Washakius, cf. W. izetti occurs in the early Bridgerian of the Huerfano Basin. W. izetti is closely related to Utahia kayi, a. washakiin possibly related to Stockia. Hemiacodon, sometimes included in the Washakiini, is probably more closely related to the Omomyini. Stockia is distinct from Omomys and is questionably included in the Washakiini, of which Loveina is the stem taxon. More advanced washakiins form two groups between which there was significant parallel evolution in dental morphology. One group includes Washakius, Dyseolemur, Utahia, and possibly Stockia, and is characterized by development of an open talonid notch before the consistent appearance of metastylids. The other group consists of Shoshonius, where the establishment of metastylids preceded the full opening of the talonid basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02724634.1990.10011808","usgsCitation":"Honey, J.G., 1990, New Washakiin primates (Omomyidae) from the Eocene of Wyoming and Colorado, and comments on the evolution of the Washakiini: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 10, no. 2, p. 206-221, https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1990.10011808.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"221","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a554e4b09da6799d641e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Honey, James G.","contributorId":55875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70124272,"text":"70124272 - 1990 - Snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) density and biomass at three pond types in the Maryland coastal plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T10:10:29","indexId":"70124272","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-17T10:08:08","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) density and biomass at three pond types in the Maryland coastal plain","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Phylogeny of Percomorpha","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Phylogeny of Percomorpha","conferenceDate":"1990-06-15T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Gotte, S., Reynolds, R., and McDiarmid, R., 1990, Snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) density and biomass at three pond types in the Maryland coastal plain, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.4877,37.8886 ], [ -79.4877,39.723 ], [ -75.0492,39.723 ], [ -75.0492,37.8886 ], [ -79.4877,37.8886 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9bee4b0239f1986bb04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gotte, S.W.","contributorId":69096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotte","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, R.P.","contributorId":104439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222832,"text":"5222832 - 1990 - A review of the evidence for the effects of hunting on American black duck populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-13T10:20:22","indexId":"5222832","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-16T12:19:05","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of the evidence for the effects of hunting on American black duck populations","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Conroy, M., and Krementz, D., 1990, A review of the evidence for the effects of hunting on American black duck populations: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 55, p. 501-517.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"517","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242106,"text":"70242106 - 1990 - Are earthquakes chaotic?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T18:16:09.39059","indexId":"70242106","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-14T13:11:21","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are earthquakes chaotic?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/345481a0","usgsCitation":"Julian, B.R., 1990, Are earthquakes chaotic?: Nature, v. 345, p. 481-482, https://doi.org/10.1038/345481a0.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"482","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"345","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, Bruce R.","contributorId":50063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209542,"text":"70209542 - 1990 - Age estimates and uplift rates for late Pleistocene marine terraces: Southern Oregon portion of the Cascadia forearc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-13T15:28:39.962121","indexId":"70209542","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-13T09:18:57","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Age estimates and uplift rates for late Pleistocene marine terraces: Southern Oregon portion of the Cascadia forearc","docAbstract":"Interest in the Cascadia subduction zone has increased because recent investigations have suggested that slip along plates at certain types of convergent margins is characteristically accompanied by large earthquakes. In addition, other investigations have suggested that convergent margins can be broadly classified by the magnitude of their uplift rates. The authors generated new uranium series, amino acid, and stable isotope data for southern Oregon marine terrace fossils. These data, along with terrace elevations and two alternative estimates of sea level at the time of terrace formation, allow one to determine terrace ages and uplift rates. Uranium series analysis of fossil coral yields an age of 83 {plus minus} 5 ka for the Whisky Run terrace at Coquille Point in Bandon, Oregon. A combination of amino acid and oxygen isotope data suggest ages of about 80 and 105 ka for the lowest two terraces at Cape Blanco. These ages indicate uplift rates of 0.45-1.05 and 0.81-1.49 m/kyr for Coquille Point and Cape Blanco, respectively. In order to assess the utility of the southern Oregon uplift rates for predicting the behavior of the Cascadia subduction zone, the authors compared late Quaternary uplift rates derived from terrace data from subduction zones around the world. On the basis of this comparison the southern Oregon rates of vertical deformation are not usually high or low. Furthermore, late Quaternary uplift rates show little relationship to the type of convergent margin. In the case of the southern Oregon coast, variability in uplift rate probably reflects local structures in the overriding plate, and the rate of uplift cannot be used as a simple index of the potential for great earthquakes along the southern Cascadia subduction zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB05p06685","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Kelsey, H., Whelan, J.F., and McInelly, G.W., 1990, Age estimates and uplift rates for late Pleistocene marine terraces: Southern Oregon portion of the Cascadia forearc: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 95, no. B5, p. 6685-6698 , https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB05p06685.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6685","endPage":"6698 ","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -128.5,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -128.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":168575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel R.","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":206893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey M.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whelan, Joseph F.","contributorId":29792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McInelly, Galan W.","contributorId":223975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McInelly","given":"Galan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210578,"text":"70210578 - 1990 - The Denali fault system and Alaska Range of Alaska: Evidence for underplated Mesozoic flysch from magnetotelluric surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-10T17:16:45.077452","indexId":"70210578","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-10T11:58:30","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Denali fault system and Alaska Range of Alaska: Evidence for underplated Mesozoic flysch from magnetotelluric surveys","docAbstract":"Regional magnetotelluric surveys recently completed across the central and eastern Alaska Range of Alaska provide evidence for large volumes of conductive rocks beneath the core of the range. These conductive rocks may represent a formerly extensive, but now collapsed, Mesozoic flysch basin formed on the leading edge of the Talkeetna superterrane (amalgamated Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Alexander terranes). The docking of the Talkeetna superterrane caused large-scale oblique thrusting, folding, and metamorphism in the flysch basin, and formation of a megasuture along which the Cenozoic strike-slip Denali fault system developed. The deep magnetotelluric soundings and seismic reflection data suggest the possibility that the highly conductive rocks were tectonically emplaced beneath the thin crystalline sheet constituting the southern Yukon-Tanana terrane over a broad region of the Alaska Range. The conductive rocks are locally correlated with surface outcrops of Mesozoic black shales that are part of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous flysch but may be composed of Paleozoic carbonaceous shales as well. In either case, their extremely low resistivities make them a valuable marker horizon for tectonic studies. The conductive rocks are interpreted to extend to depths of greater than 20 km and were mapped north and northeast of the Denali fault for more than 50 km. The magnetotelluric surveys represent the first large-scale surveys done in Alaska, but the structures mapped are similar to those observed in large, compressed flysch basins in the eastern Alps and Carpathian Mountains of Europe. The results of these surveys bear on several key tectonic questions, including development of the ancestral Denali fault, and collapse and possible underplating of an extensive Mesozoic flysch system and associated igneous arc.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0160:TDFSAA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stanley, W.D., Labson, V.F., Nokleberg, W.J., Csejtey, B., and Fisher, M.A., 1990, The Denali fault system and Alaska Range of Alaska: Evidence for underplated Mesozoic flysch from magnetotelluric surveys: GSA Bulletin, v. 102, no. 2, p. 160-173, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0160:TDFSAA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali fault system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.083984375,\n 54.826007999094955\n ],\n [\n -131.8359375,\n 54.826007999094955\n ],\n [\n -131.8359375,\n 63.31268278043484\n ],\n [\n -151.083984375,\n 63.31268278043484\n ],\n [\n -151.083984375,\n 54.826007999094955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, W. D.","contributorId":86756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labson, Victor F. 0000-0003-1905-1820 vlabson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-1820","contributorId":326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"Victor","email":"vlabson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Csejtey, Bela Jr.","contributorId":61008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Csejtey","given":"Bela","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":790661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70123430,"text":"70123430 - 1990 - Proceedings of the First National U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Geographic Information Systems Workshop, June 4-7, 1990","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70207254,"text":"70207254 - 1990 - Selected geographic analysis projects: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Research Center","indexId":"70207254","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Selected geographic analysis projects: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Research Center"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70123430,"text":"70123430 - 1990 - Proceedings of the First National U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Geographic Information Systems Workshop, June 4-7, 1990","indexId":"70123430","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Proceedings of the First National U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Geographic Information Systems Workshop, June 4-7, 1990"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-13T12:03:12","indexId":"70123430","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-07T13:49:03","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Proceedings of the First National U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Geographic Information Systems Workshop, June 4-7, 1990","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"D’Erchia, F., 1990, Proceedings of the First National U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Geographic Information Systems Workshop, June 4-7, 1990, 306 p.","productDescription":"306 p.","numberOfPages":"306","costCenters":[{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a7513e4b01535cb4279fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Erchia, Frank fderchia@usgs.gov","contributorId":1161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Erchia","given":"Frank","email":"fderchia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70242601,"text":"70242601 - 1990 - Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T20:11:57.483645","indexId":"70242601","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-01T14:52:53","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes","docAbstract":"87Sr86Sr ratios, trace element and REE compositions, and textural characteristics were determined for three hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts, one hydrothermal deposit, and two mixed hydrothermalhydrogenetic crusts from the Pacific. The Sr isotope data are compared to the Sr seawater curve for the Cenozoic to determine the ages and growth rates of the crusts. The 87Sr86Sr in the crusts does not increase monotonically with depth as expected if the Sr were solely derived from seawater and perfectly preserved since deposition. This indicates post-depositional exchange of Sr or heterogeneous sources for the Sr originally contained in the crusts.
Textures of hydrogenetic crusts generally correlate with Sr isotopic variations. The highest porosity intervals commonly exhibit the highest 87Sr86Sr ratios, indicating exchange with younger seawater. Intervals with the lowest porosity commonly have lower 87Sr86Sr and may preserve the original Sr isotopic ratios. Minimum ages of crust growth inception were calculated from dense, low porosity intervals. Growth of the hydrogenetic crusts began at or after 23 Ma, although their substrates are Cretaceous. Estimated average growth rates of the three hydrogenetic crusts vary between 0.9 and 2.7 mm/Ma, consistent with published rates determined by other techniques. Within the Marshall Islands crust, growth rates for individual layers varied greatly between 1.0 and 5.4 mm/Ma. For one crust, very low 87Sr86Sr ratios occurred in detrital-rich intervals.
Hydrothermal Fe-Mn oxide from the active Lau Basin back-arc spreading axis (Valu Fa Ridge) has an 87Sr86Sr ratio with a predominantly seawater signature (87Sr86Sr
One crust from an off-axis seamount west of Gorda Ridge may have begun precipitating hydrogenetically at 0.5 Ma (0.709211), and had increasing hydrothermal or volcanic input in the top half of the crust, indicated by a significantly lower 87Sr86Sr ratio (0.709052).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(90)90402-7","usgsCitation":"Ingram, B., Hein, J., and Farmer, G.L., 1990, Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 6, p. 1709-1721, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90402-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1709","endPage":"1721","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90402-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 130.65661036561244,\n 50.8530630555627\n ],\n [\n 130.65661036561244,\n -28.45138773039615\n ],\n [\n 255.63707911561147,\n -28.45138773039615\n ],\n [\n 255.63707911561147,\n 50.8530630555627\n ],\n [\n 130.65661036561244,\n 50.8530630555627\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingram, B.L.","contributorId":51731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingram","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, G. L.","contributorId":97251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169355,"text":"70169355 - 1990 - Bear use of cutthroat trout spawning streams in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T14:52:44.892922","indexId":"70169355","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":978,"text":"Bears: Their Biology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bear use of cutthroat trout spawning streams in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and black bears (U. americanus) prey on spawning cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki, formerly known as Salmo clarki) in tributary streams of Yellowstone Lake. These tributary streams were surveyed from 1985 to 1987 to determine the presence and level of trout spawning activity and bear use. Indices were developed to enumerate spawner density and levels of bear use. Of 124 known tributaries of Yellowstone Lake, 48% had a spawning run. Of these spawning streams, 93% had associated bear activity, and 61% had associated evidence of bear fishing. Bears were apparently using more spawning streams and fish compared to 10 years earlier. Bear use of cutthroat trout spawning streams appeared to be largely a positive function of volumetric spawner density. We hypothesize that abundance and quality of stream-side vegetation relative to other foraging options influenced bear use. Intra- and interspecific avoidance among bears was suggested by patterns of spawning stream use. Less bear use of spawning streams than expected occurred within 1 km of park developments.
","conferenceTitle":"Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management","conferenceDate":"February 1989","conferenceLocation":"Victoria, British Columbia, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Morges, Switzerland","doi":"10.2307/3872938","usgsCitation":"Reinhart, D.P., and Mattson, D., 1990, Bear use of cutthroat trout spawning streams in Yellowstone National Park: Bears: Their Biology and Management, v. 8, p. 343-350, https://doi.org/10.2307/3872938.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.92645263671875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -109.9346923828125,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -109.92645263671875,\n 45.06770141120143\n ],\n [\n -110.0006103515625,\n 45.06770141120143\n ],\n [\n -110.02532958984374,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -110.0555419921875,\n 45.02889163330817\n ],\n [\n -110.70648193359375,\n 45.03083274759959\n ],\n [\n -110.72845458984375,\n 45.04441870436415\n ],\n [\n -110.77239990234375,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -110.77789306640625,\n 45.079339209738094\n ],\n [\n -110.84381103515624,\n 45.07546020688359\n ],\n [\n -110.88226318359375,\n 45.03277379605973\n ],\n [\n -110.928955078125,\n 45.02889163330817\n ],\n [\n -110.94543457031249,\n 45.07158094070473\n ],\n [\n -110.97564697265625,\n 45.09679146394738\n ],\n [\n -111.03607177734375,\n 45.07352060670971\n ],\n [\n -111.09100341796875,\n 45.08515722028692\n ],\n [\n -111.10198974609374,\n 45.106484856646844\n ],\n [\n -111.16241455078125,\n 45.11036175291052\n ],\n [\n -111.17889404296874,\n 45.07352060670971\n ],\n [\n -111.1541748046875,\n 45.052180659942316\n ],\n [\n -111.1102294921875,\n 45.02889163330817\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.11322595798781\n ],\n [\n -109.9951171875,\n 44.11322595798781\n ],\n [\n -109.99237060546875,\n 44.314022698837775\n ],\n [\n -110.050048828125,\n 44.319918120477425\n ],\n [\n -110.06927490234375,\n 44.351350365612305\n ],\n [\n -110.06927490234375,\n 44.40042951858466\n ],\n [\n -110.0555419921875,\n 44.422011314236634\n ],\n [\n -109.97314453125,\n 44.44358514592121\n ],\n [\n -109.962158203125,\n 44.512176171071054\n ],\n [\n -110.03631591796875,\n 44.4906276800508\n ],\n [\n -110.10223388671875,\n 44.478870600803134\n ],\n [\n -110.11871337890624,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -110.1544189453125,\n 44.537632301346136\n ],\n [\n -110.13519287109374,\n 44.5826428195842\n ],\n [\n -110.0665283203125,\n 44.5924231071787\n ],\n [\n -109.99786376953125,\n 44.623708968901205\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 44.623708968901205\n ],\n [\n -109.874267578125,\n 44.62566377574355\n ],\n [\n -109.78912353515625,\n 44.6706061651103\n ],\n [\n -109.742431640625,\n 44.68623013803223\n ],\n [\n -109.7314453125,\n 44.70965819812379\n ],\n [\n -109.7589111328125,\n 44.736978954208844\n ],\n [\n -109.8358154296875,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -109.8687744140625,\n 44.79547998456467\n ],\n [\n -109.8797607421875,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 44.91619436708165\n ],\n [\n -109.8907470703125,\n 44.96674121705534\n ],\n [\n -109.92645263671875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f66130e4b07d796bf76fec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinhart, Daniel P.","contributorId":94258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinhart","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattson, D.J.","contributorId":57022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241946,"text":"70241946 - 1990 - Metamorphism in the Adirondacks: II. The role of fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T17:55:52.906049","indexId":"70241946","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-01T12:41:30","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metamorphism in the Adirondacks: II. The role of fluids","docAbstract":"Quantitative estimates of metamorphic fluid speciation, stable isotopic analyses, and studies of fluid inclusions all document the local complexity of fluids in the deep crustal rocks exposed in the Adirondack Mountains, NY. Estimates of the activity of H2O in the granulite facies are substantially lower than in the amphibolite facies gneisses. The onset of low water activities in semi-pelitic gneisses generally correlates with migmatitic textures in the uppermost amphibolite facies, suggesting that partial melts absorbed H2O at the peak of metamorphism. In granulite facies marbles and calc-silicates, conditions varied from extremely undersaturated in H2O-CO2 fluid to fluid saturated, and αH2O and αCO2 show sharp gradients within single outcrops. Low values of fO2 and fH2O, or of fCO2, and fH2O indicate fluid-absent conditions for some orthogneisses and marbles, which are inferred to have been ‘dry’ rocks before and during granulite facies recrystallization. Wollastonite is preserved from early contact metamorphism and serves as an index mineral for fluid-absent conditions in granulites where αH2O is low. Values offO2 range from near the hematite + magnetite buffer in metamorphosed iron formation to substantially below the quartz + magnetite + fayalite buffer in some orthogneisses. The anorthosite suite is more oxidized than some associated granitic gneisses. Halogens (F and Cl) substitute extensively for OH in micas and amphiboles, extending their stability, although F2, Cl2, HCl, and HF are minor components in any fluid. Oxybiotite-type exchanges involving O for OH are also important, extending the stability of biotite. Stable isotopic ratios of O and C demonstrate that premetamorphic whole-rock compositions are commonly preserved whereas mineral compositions generally reflect equilibration at the peak of metamorphism. The Marcy Anorthosite Massif was intruded as a high δ18O magma.
The combination of mineral equilibria, stable isotope data, and fluid inclusions is used to identify and to distinguish among pre-orogenic contact metamorphic/hydrothermal events, peak metamorphic events, and retrograde/postmetamorphic events. Polymetamorphism is documented at skarn zones adjacent to anorthosite, where large volumes of hydrothermal fluid were channeled during early, shallow contact metamorphism and where conditions were fluid poor during subsequent regional metamorphism. Peak metamorphic events are inferred to have been caused primarily by magmatic processes of intrusion and anatexis. Partial melting has caused low values of αH2O in many rocks, but in other cases low values of αH2O are recorded in orthogneisses derived from H2O-poor magmas. Isotopic studies show that maximum fluid/rock ratios were <0·l and possibly 0·0 for infiltrating fluids at the peak of metamorphism in many localities. No evidence of pervasive, regional infiltration by a fluid at the peak of metamorphism has been substantiated in the Adirondacks. Fluid inclusions containing high-density CO2 or CO2 + H2O represent conditions from after the peak of metamorphism and document isobaric cooling, in agreement with estimates from garnet zoning. Fine-scale retrograde veins are common and are associated with high-density CO2-rich fluid inclusions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/31.3.555","usgsCitation":"Valley, J.W., Bohlen, S.R., Essene, E., and Lamb, W., 1990, Metamorphism in the Adirondacks: II. The role of fluids: Journal of Petrology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 555-596, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/31.3.555.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"596","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.08323084498015,\n 43.25665087345456\n ],\n [\n -74.39801097590919,\n 43.039628157988716\n ],\n [\n -73.75528536228435,\n 43.07067857621874\n ],\n [\n -73.57468477663758,\n 43.399618063767974\n ],\n [\n -73.431266664507,\n 43.54994887670486\n ],\n [\n -73.36752528133749,\n 43.7536450580979\n ],\n [\n -73.43657844643752,\n 43.987232518149966\n ],\n [\n -73.38346062712974,\n 44.170395344502026\n ],\n [\n -73.30909568009855,\n 44.223711024689294\n ],\n [\n -73.34096637168362,\n 44.53880596454178\n ],\n [\n -73.7446617984227,\n 44.919947143169\n ],\n [\n -74.29708711922412,\n 44.75044199271545\n ],\n [\n -74.5945469073482,\n 44.28458415877469\n ],\n [\n -74.79639462071773,\n 43.80733623661095\n ],\n [\n -75.08323084498015,\n 43.25665087345456\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valley, John W.","contributorId":52895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valley","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlen, Steven R.","contributorId":17982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essene, E.J.","contributorId":91625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essene","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamb, Will","contributorId":303870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamb","given":"Will","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}