{"pageNumber":"4456","pageRowStart":"111375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165889,"records":[{"id":70014655,"text":"70014655 - 1986 - Minasgeraisite, a new member of the gadolinite group from Minas Gerais, Brazil.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014655","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minasgeraisite, a new member of the gadolinite group from Minas Gerais, Brazil.","docAbstract":"Minasgeraisite, Y2CaBe2Si2O10, a 9.833(2), b 7.562(1), c 4.702(1) A, beta 90.46(6)o, P21/a, Z = 2, is a new member of the gadolinite group. Found in quantities of only several hundred mg in the Jaguaracu pegmatite, Minas Gerais, Brazil, it occurs as 0.2 to 1.0 mm-diameter rosettes, coating and intergrown with milarite, albite, quartz and muscovite. The mineral is lavender to lilac purple and has a sheaf-like habit, with a grain size of <3-5 mu m. It is not magnetic and not fluorescent under either short-wave or long-wave ultraviolet radiations; H. approx 6-7, D(meas.) >4.25, D(calc.) 4.90 g/cm3, lustre is earthy to subvitreous and the streak is pale purple. Minasgeraisite is slowly soluble in common acids. The mineral has one excellent cleavage, (100) by analogy with gadolinite, and another good cleavage (001). Minasgeraisite is biaxial positive with alpha (colourless) 1.740(4), beta (pale greyish yellow) 1.754(4), gamma (lavender purple) 1.786(4), 2Vgamma  68o. Strongest powder XRD lines include 3.11(100), 2.830(100), 2.540(90), 1.768(35) A.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Foord, E., Gaines, R.V., Crock, J., Simmons, W., and Barbosa, C., 1986, Minasgeraisite, a new member of the gadolinite group from Minas Gerais, Brazil.: American Mineralogist, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 603-607.","startPage":"603","endPage":"607","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5734e4b0c8380cd6db23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaines, R. V.","contributorId":7852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simmons, W.B. Jr.","contributorId":70124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"W.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barbosa, C.P.","contributorId":60786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbosa","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014656,"text":"70014656 - 1986 - Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater modeling studies in New England (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T07:59:33","indexId":"70014656","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater modeling studies in New England (USA)","docAbstract":"Seismic refraction studies were conducted over unconfined glacial aquifers in New England to determine: 1) depth of the underlying bedrock; 2) depth of the water table; 3) saturated thickness of the aquifer in areas not accessible to heavy drilling equipment; 4) areas where thick, unsaturated sediments overlie thickly saturated parts of the aquifer; and 5) locations of test holes and type of drilling equipment needed. These data were used in groundwater models and provided parameter values that required few adjustments during calibration. -from Author","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1190/1.1442083","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., 1986, Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater modeling studies in New England (USA): Geophysics, v. 51, no. 2, p. 236-249, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442083.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.6943359375,\n              41.80407814427234\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              41.86956082699455\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1904296875,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.5771484375,\n              44.55916341529182\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.3896484375,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6943359375,\n              41.80407814427234\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecaee4b0c8380cd49419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014657,"text":"70014657 - 1986 - A ground-water mixing model for the origin of the Imini manganese deposit (Cretaceous) of Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T07:00:55","indexId":"70014657","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A ground-water mixing model for the origin of the Imini manganese deposit (Cretaceous) of Morocco","docAbstract":"Three beds of manganese oxide ore in a 10 m-thick dolomite unit are associated with diagenetic features, and, are accordingly also diagenetic in their present aspect. Whether primary or introduced, the Mn mineralogy is attributed to reactions between fresh and saline ground-waters as the zone of mixing passed through the dolomite unit during a period of falling sea-level. The succession of diagenetic changes is: 1) precursor carbonates, 2) dolomite-janggunite, 3) hollandite-pyrolusite-chert-calcite.-G.J.N.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.81.1.65","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Force, E.R., Back, W., Spiker, E., and Knauth, L., 1986, A ground-water mixing model for the origin of the Imini manganese deposit (Cretaceous) of Morocco: Economic Geology, v. 81, no. 1, p. 65-79, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.1.65.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"65","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Morocco ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-5.19386,35.75518],[-4.59101,35.33071],[-3.64006,35.39986],[-2.60431,35.17909],[-2.16991,35.1684],[-1.79299,34.52792],[-1.73345,33.91971],[-1.38805,32.86402],[-1.12455,32.65152],[-1.3079,32.26289],[-2.6166,32.09435],[-3.06898,31.7245],[-3.6475,31.63729],[-3.69044,30.89695],[-4.85965,30.50119],[-5.24213,30.00044],[-6.06063,29.7317],[-7.05923,29.57923],[-8.67412,28.84129],[-8.66559,27.65643],[-8.81781,27.65643],[-8.81783,27.65643],[-8.79488,27.1207],[-9.41304,27.08848],[-9.73534,26.86094],[-10.18942,26.86094],[-10.55126,26.99081],[-11.39255,26.88342],[-11.71822,26.10409],[-12.03076,26.03087],[-12.50096,24.77012],[-13.89111,23.69101],[-14.22117,22.31016],[-14.63083,21.86094],[-14.75095,21.5006],[-17.00296,21.42073],[-17.02043,21.42231],[-16.97325,21.88574],[-16.58914,22.15823],[-16.26192,22.67934],[-16.32641,23.01777],[-15.98261,23.72336],[-15.426,24.35913],[-15.08933,24.52026],[-14.82465,25.10353],[-14.80093,25.63626],[-14.43994,26.25442],[-13.7738,26.61889],[-13.13994,27.64015],[-13.12161,27.65415],[-12.61884,28.03819],[-11.68892,28.14864],[-10.90096,28.83214],[-10.39959,29.09859],[-9.56481,29.93357],[-9.81472,31.17774],[-9.43479,32.0381],[-9.30069,32.56468],[-8.65748,33.24025],[-7.65418,33.69706],[-6.91254,34.11048],[-6.24434,35.14587],[-5.92999,35.75999],[-5.19386,35.75518]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Morocco\"}}]}","volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e40ee4b0c8380cd463aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spiker, E.C.","contributorId":103275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiker","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knauth, L.P.","contributorId":73755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knauth","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014660,"text":"70014660 - 1986 - Structure of the North American Atlantic Continental Margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:32:06.716782","indexId":"70014660","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2307,"text":"Journal of Geological Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the North American Atlantic Continental Margin","docAbstract":"<p class=\"first\">The use of multichannel seismic-reflection profiles to study oceanic areas has advanced our understanding of deep crustal structure and the history of its development. Off eastern North America, where the structure of the continental margin is essentially constructional, seismic profiles have approximated geologic cross sections up to 10–15 km below the sea floor and revealed major structural and stratigraphic features that have regional hydrocarbon potential. These features include (a) a block-faulted basement hinge zone; (b) a deep, broad, rifted basement filled with clastic sediment and salt; and (c) a buried paleoshelf-edge complex that has many forms. The mapping of seismo-stratigraphic units over the continental shelf, slope, and rise has shown that the margin's developmental state included infilling of a rifted margin, buildup of a carbonate platform, and construction of an onlapping continental-rise wedge that was accompanied by eroison of the slope.</p><p class=\"last\">Correlation of seismic stratigraphy with well-log biostratigraphy reveals that the area experienced a gradual rise in sea level during the Mesozoic and an episodic sea-level fall during the Cenozoic. These long-term changes formed a subdued continental shelf-slope-rise transition in the early Tertiary and a steepened one in the Quaternary. Comparison of seismic and drill-hole data has also shown margin-wide unconformities similar to those shown by the Vail curve of coastal onlap and eustatic sea-level change, i.e., unconformities that provide markers to subdivide the sequences of reflections on the seismic-reflection profiles. Further, the termination of older key reflectors against oceanic basement gives us a corroborative check on the age of oceanic crust as determined from the magnetic anomalies produced by sea-floor-spreading.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.5408/0022-1368-34.2.72","issn":"00221368","usgsCitation":"Schlee, J.S., and Klitgord, K., 1986, Structure of the North American Atlantic Continental Margin: Journal of Geological Education, v. 34, no. 2, p. 72-89, https://doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-34.2.72.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480141,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-34.2.72","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c5ee4b08c986b31d3c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlee, J. S.","contributorId":68337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, K.K.","contributorId":41152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"K.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014661,"text":"70014661 - 1986 - Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes in Proterozoic intrusives astride the Grenville Front in Labrador: Implications for crustal contamination and basement mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:29:05.970601","indexId":"70014661","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes in Proterozoic intrusives astride the Grenville Front in Labrador: Implications for crustal contamination and basement mapping","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of mid-Proterozoic anorthosites and related rocks (1.45-1.65 Ga) and of younger olivine diabase dikes (1.4 Ga) from two complexes on either side of the Grenville Front in Labrador. Anorthositic or diabasic samples from the Mealy Mountains (Grenville Province) and Harp Lake (Nain-Churchill Provinces) complexes have very similar major, minor and trace element compositions, but distinctly different isotopic signatures. All Mealy Mountains samples have I</span><sub>Sr</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.7025−0.7033, ε</span><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;= +0.6 to +5.6 and Pb isotopic compositions consistent with derivation from a mantle source depleted with respect to Nd/Sm and Rb/Sr. Pb isotopic compositions for the Mealy Mountains samples are slightly more radiogenic than model mantle compositions. All Harp Lake samples have I</span><sub>Sr</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.7032−0.7066, ε</span><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;= −0.3 to −4.4 and variable, but generally unradiogenic&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb and&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>204</sup><span>Pb compared to model mantle, suggesting mixing between a mantle-derived component and a U-depleted crustal contaminant. Crustal contaminants are probably a variety of Archean high-grade quartzofeldspathic gneisses with low U/Pb ratios and include a component that must be isotopically similar to the early Archean (&gt;3.6 Ga) Uivak gneisses of Labrador or the Amitsoq gneisses of west Greenland. This would imply that the ancient gneiss complex of coastal Labrador and Greenland is larger than indicated by present surface exposure and may extend in the subsurface as far west as the Labrador Trough. If Harp Lake and Mealy Mountains samples were subjected to the same degree of contamination, as suggested by their chemical similarities, then the Mealy contaminants must be much younger, probably early or middle Proterozoic in age. The Labrador segment of the Grenville Front, therefore, appears to coincide with the southern margin of the Archean North Atlantic craton and may represent a pre mid-Proterozoic suture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(86)90211-5","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Ashwal, L., Wooden, J.L., and Emslie, R., 1986, Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes in Proterozoic intrusives astride the Grenville Front in Labrador: Implications for crustal contamination and basement mapping: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, no. 12, p. 2571-2585, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90211-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2571","endPage":"2585","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225843,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b963fe4b08c986b31b3be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashwal, L.D.","contributorId":82060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashwal","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emslie, R.F.","contributorId":102642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emslie","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014663,"text":"70014663 - 1986 - Dating the upper Cenozoic sediments in Fisher Valley, southeastern Utah (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T12:07:43.710703","indexId":"70014663","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating the upper Cenozoic sediments in Fisher Valley, southeastern Utah (USA)","docAbstract":"<p>More than 140 m of upper Cenozoic basin-fill sediments were deposited and then deformed in Fisher Valley between about 2.5 and 0.25 m.y. ago, in response to uplift of the adjacent Onion Creek salt diapir. In addition to these basin-fill sediments, minor amounts of eolian and fluvial sand were deposited in Holocene time. The sediments, whose relative ages are known from the stratigraphy, are predominantly sandy, second-cycle red beds derived from nearby Mesozoic rocks; most were deposited in a vertical sequence, filling a sedimentary basin now exposed by fluvial dissection. We have applied a variety of established and experimental dating methods to the sediments in Fisher Valley to establish their age and to provide time control for the recent history of the Onion Creek salt diapir.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1422:DTUCSI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Choquette, A., Rosholt, J., Miller, G.H., and Huntley, D., 1986, Dating the upper Cenozoic sediments in Fisher Valley, southeastern Utah (USA): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 12, p. 1422-1431, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1422:DTUCSI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1422","endPage":"1431","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225845,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fde4e4b0c8380cd4e9cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choquette, Anne F.","contributorId":98323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choquette","given":"Anne F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosholt, J.M.","contributorId":90476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, G. H.","contributorId":54732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huntley, D.J.","contributorId":24932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntley","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014666,"text":"70014666 - 1986 - Improved phase-ellipse method for in-situ geophone calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T12:02:37.114105","indexId":"70014666","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1806,"text":"Geophysical Prospecting","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved phase-ellipse method for in-situ geophone calibration","docAbstract":"<p><span>For amplitude and phase response calibration of moving-coil electromagnetic geophones two parameters are needed, namely, the geophone natural frequency,&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>0</sub><span>, and the geophone upper resonance frequency&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>u</sub><span>. The phase-ellipse method is commonly used for the in situ determination of these parameters. For a given signal-to-noise ratio, the precision of the measurement of</span><i>f</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;and</span><i>f</i><sub>u</sub><span>&nbsp;depends on the phase sensitivity,&nbsp;</span><i>f(δφ/δf)</i><span>&nbsp;For some commercial geophones&nbsp;</span><i>f(δφ/δf)</i><span>&nbsp;at</span><i>f</i><sub>u</sub><span>&nbsp;can be an order of magnitude less than the sensitivity at</span><i>f</i><sub>0</sub><span>. In this paper we present an improved phase-ellipse method with increased precision. Compared to measurements made with the existing phase-ellipse methods, our method shows a 6- and 3-fold improvement in the precision, respectively, on measurements of&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;and</span><i>f</i><sub>u</sub><span>&nbsp;on a commercial geophone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2478.1986.tb00480.x","usgsCitation":"Liu, H.P., and Peselnick, L., 1986, Improved phase-ellipse method for in-situ geophone calibration: Geophysical Prospecting, v. 34, no. 4, p. 537-544, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1986.tb00480.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3961e4b0c8380cd618da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Huaibao P.","contributorId":14581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Huaibao","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peselnick, L.","contributorId":66825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peselnick","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014667,"text":"70014667 - 1986 - A coefficient of agreement as a measure of thematic classification accuracy.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014667","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A coefficient of agreement as a measure of thematic classification accuracy.","docAbstract":"The classification error matrix typically contains tabulated results of accuracy evaluation for a thematic classification, such as a land-use and land-cover map. Diagonal elements of the matrix represent counts correct. The usual designation of classification accuracy has been total percent correct. Nondiagonal elements of the matrix have usually been neglected. A coefficient of agreement is determined for the interpreted map as a whole, and individually for each interpreted category. These coefficients utilize all cell values in the matrix.-from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rosenfield, G., and Fitzpatrick-Lins, K., 1986, A coefficient of agreement as a measure of thematic classification accuracy.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 52, no. 2, p. 223-227.","startPage":"223","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e348e4b0c8380cd45f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenfield, G.H.","contributorId":94670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfield","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick-Lins, K.","contributorId":78480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick-Lins","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014532,"text":"70014532 - 1986 - Cyclic terpenoids of contemporary resinous plant detritus and of fossil woods, ambers and coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-17T15:52:05.692932","indexId":"70014532","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclic terpenoids of contemporary resinous plant detritus and of fossil woods, ambers and coals","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cyclic terpenoids present in the solvent extractable material of fossil woods, ambers and brown coals have been analyzed. The sample series chosen consisted of wood remains preserved in Holocene to Jurassic sediments and a set of of ambers from the Philippines (copalite), Israel, Canada and Dominican Republic. The brown coals selected were from the Fortuna Garsdorf Mine and Miocene formations on Fiji.</span></p><p><span>The fossil wood extracts contained dominant diterpenoid or sesquiterpenoid skeletons, and aromatized species were present at high concentrations, with a major amount of two-ring aromatic compounds. Tricyclic diterpenoids were the predominant compounds in the ambers. Aromatized derivatives were the major components, consisting of one or two aromatic ring species with the abietane and occasionally pimarane skeletons. The saturated structures were comprised primarily of the abietane and pimarane skeletons having from three to five carbon (C<sub>1</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>, etc.) substituents. Kaurane and phyllocladane isomers were present in only minor amounts. Bicyclic sesquiterpenoids as saturated and partial or fully aromatized forms were also common in these samples, but only traces of sesterterpenoids and triterpenoid derivatives were found.</span></p><p><span>The brown coal extracts were composed of major amounts of one- and two-ring aromatized terpenoids, with a greater proportion of triterpenoid derivatives than in the case of the woods and ambers. This was especially noticeable for the German coal, where the triterpenoids were predominant. Open C-ring aromatized structures were also present in this coal. Steroid compounds were not detectable, but some hopanes were found as minor components in the German brown coal.</span></p><p><span>An overview of the skeletal structure classes identified in each sample, as well as the general mass spectrometric characteristics of the unknown compounds are included in the present paper. It can be concluded from these structural distributions that aromatization is the main process for the transformation of terrestrial cyclic terpenoids during diagenesis, constituting a general pathway for all terpenoids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(86)80025-0","usgsCitation":"Simoneit, B.R., Grimalt, J., Wang, T., Cox, R., Hatcher, P.G., and Nissenbaum, A., 1986, Cyclic terpenoids of contemporary resinous plant detritus and of fossil woods, ambers and coals: Organic Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 4-6, p. 877-889, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(86)80025-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"889","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd25e4b0c8380cd4e66c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simoneit, Bernd R. T.","contributorId":51021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simoneit","given":"Bernd","email":"","middleInitial":"R. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimalt, J.O.","contributorId":51920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimalt","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, T.-G.","contributorId":56387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"T.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, R.E.","contributorId":87703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nissenbaum, A.","contributorId":103008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nissenbaum","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70014530,"text":"70014530 - 1986 - BROAD SPECTRUM ANALYSIS FOR TRACE ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN LARGE VOLUMES OF WATER BY XAD RESINS-COLUMN DESIGN-FACTS AND MYTHS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014530","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"BROAD SPECTRUM ANALYSIS FOR TRACE ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN LARGE VOLUMES OF WATER BY XAD RESINS-COLUMN DESIGN-FACTS AND MYTHS.","docAbstract":"The 'rule of thumb' that large volumes of water can be sampled for trace organic pollutants by XAD resin columns which are designed by small column laboratory studies or pure compounds is examined and shown to be a problem. A theory of multicomponent breakthrough is presented as a frame of reference to help solve the problem and develop useable criteria to aid the design of resin columns. An important part of the theory is the effect of humic substances on the breakthrough character of multicomponent chemical systems.","largerWorkTitle":"National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry","conferenceTitle":"American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry 192nd National Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Anaheim, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","issn":"02703009","usgsCitation":"Gibs, J., Wicklund, A., and Suffet, I., 1986, BROAD SPECTRUM ANALYSIS FOR TRACE ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN LARGE VOLUMES OF WATER BY XAD RESINS-COLUMN DESIGN-FACTS AND MYTHS., <i>in</i> National Meeting - American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry, v. 26, no. 2, Anaheim, CA, USA, p. 382-383.","startPage":"382","endPage":"383","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef88e4b0c8380cd4a2df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibs, J.","contributorId":91632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicklund, A.","contributorId":16714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicklund","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suffet, I.H.","contributorId":77424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suffet","given":"I.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014675,"text":"70014675 - 1986 - FASP, an analytic resource appraisal program for petroleum play analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:41:34","indexId":"70014675","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"FASP, an analytic resource appraisal program for petroleum play analysis","docAbstract":"An analytic probabilistic methodology for resource appraisal of undiscovered oil and gas resources in play analysis is presented in a FORTRAN program termed FASP. This play-analysis methodology is a geostochastic system for petroleum resource appraisal in explored as well as frontier areas. An established geologic model considers both the uncertainty of the presence of the assessed hydrocarbon and its amount if present. The program FASP produces resource estimates of crude oil, nonassociated gas, dissolved gas, and gas for a geologic play in terms of probability distributions. The analytic method is based upon conditional probability theory and many laws of expectation and variance. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(86)90061-0","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., and Balay, R., 1986, FASP, an analytic resource appraisal program for petroleum play analysis: Computers & Geosciences, v. 12, no. 4, p. 423-475, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(86)90061-0.","startPage":"423","endPage":"475","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266186,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(86)90061-0"},{"id":226100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e6de4b0c8380cd53451","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, R.H.","contributorId":44177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014676,"text":"70014676 - 1986 - ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT AND DRIFT, MODELED AS A VISCOUS FLUID.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014676","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2928,"text":"Ocean science and engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT AND DRIFT, MODELED AS A VISCOUS FLUID.","docAbstract":"A dynamic/thermodynamic numerical model of sea ice has been used to calculate the yearly cycle of sea ice thicknesses, concentrations, and velocities in the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas. The model combines the formulations of two previous models, taking the thermodynamics and momentum equations from the model of Parkinson and Washington and adding the constitutive equation and equation of state from the model of Ling, Rasmussen, and Campbell. Simulated annually averaged ice drift vectors compare well with observed ice drift from the Arctic Ocean Buoy Program.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ocean science and engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02752220","usgsCitation":"Ling, C., and Parkinson, C.L., 1986, ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT AND DRIFT, MODELED AS A VISCOUS FLUID.: Ocean science and engineering, v. 11, no. 1-2, p. 71-98.","startPage":"71","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e634e4b0c8380cd47247","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ling, Chi-Hai","contributorId":55154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ling","given":"Chi-Hai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkinson, Claire L.","contributorId":20916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkinson","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014678,"text":"70014678 - 1986 - Fission-track dating of the tectonic development of the San Juan Islands, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T18:08:30.798514","indexId":"70014678","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fission-track dating of the tectonic development of the San Juan Islands, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>The San Juan Islands of Washington State form a geologically complex province located between the north Cascades, Vancouver Island, and the Olympic Peninsula. We have obtained 53 fission-track dates from the San Juan Islands province that help constrain its late Paleozoic to early Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary history and its relationship to neighboring geologic terranes. The San Juan Islands can be divided into two main blocks separated by the Haro fault. South of the Haro fault, complexly deformed, metamorphosed, and probably exotic early Paleozoic to early Late Cretaceous rocks form four imbricate thrust plates separated by south- and east-dipping late Early to Late Cretaceous thrust faults. Reset zircon fission-track dates indicate that thrusting may have produced an upside-down geothermal gradient in the uppermost plate, the Decatur terrane. If present, this gradient was probably produced by conductive or frictional heating associated with a now-eroded overlying thrust fault and hot thrust plate. Cretaceous thrusting in the southern San Juan Islands was accompanied by uplift and resetting of apatite fission-track dates. In contrast to correlative rocks of the southern San Juan Islands, Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous rocks in and north of the Haro fault zone are essentially unmetamorphosed and only broadly folded. Apatite dates from the Upper Triassic Haro Formation and the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Spieden Group indicate they did not participate in Late Cretaceous uplift of the southern San Juan Islands. Together with their basement (the Wrangellia terrane?), these rocks probably acted as a backstop to thrusting. The synorogenic Late Cretaceous Nanaimo basin formed north of the Haro fault in front of the advancing San Juan Islands thrust system. The age of Nanaimo deposition matches uplift (apatite) dates in the southern San Juan Islands, and detrital zircons from the Nanaimo Group yield dates consistent with southern San Juan Islands sources. Burial led to resetting of apatite dates in what is probably the deeper part of the Nanaimo basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e86-127","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Zimmerman, R., Naeser, C.W., and Whetten, J.T., 1986, Fission-track dating of the tectonic development of the San Juan Islands, Washington: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 23, no. 9, p. 1318-1330, https://doi.org/10.1139/e86-127.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1318","endPage":"1330","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            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Y.","contributorId":48572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, R.A.","contributorId":64304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whetten, J. T.","contributorId":26015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whetten","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014679,"text":"70014679 - 1986 - Heating, cooling, and uplift during Tertiary time, northern Sangre de Cristo Range, Colorado (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T01:24:25.5563","indexId":"70014679","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heating, cooling, and uplift during Tertiary time, northern Sangre de Cristo Range, Colorado (USA)","docAbstract":"<p>aleozoic sedimentary rocks in a wide area of the northern Sangre de Cristo Range show effects of heating during Tertiary time. Heating is tentatively interpreted as a response to burial during Laramide folding and thrusting and also to high heat flow during Rio Grande rifting.</p><p>The regional extent of heating is shown by the distribution of low-grade metamorphic minerals, altered conodonts, and reset fission-track ages throughout much of the study area. Alteration of conodonts to a conodont alteration index (CAI) of 4.0 suggests that temperatures reached ∼200 °C in the central part of the area. Temperatures may have reached 300 °C beneath Laramide thrusts on the west side of the range, where conodonts were altered to a CAI of 5.0, and where chloritoid and andalusite are found in sedimentary rocks of Pennsylvanian age. The lowest temperatures that were determined by conodont alteration (CAI = 1.0–2.0, &lt;50–70 °C) are along the east side of the range, where rocks were evidently never buried deeply. Contact metamorphism was restricted to wall rocks of a few isolated stocks; near dikes and sills, it was not significant.</p><p>Fission-track ages of apatite across a section of the range show that rocks cooled abruptly below 120 °C, the blocking temperature for apatite, ∼19 Ma ago. Cooling was probably in response to rapid uplift and erosion of the northern Sangre de Cristo Range during early Rio Grande rifting.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1133:HCAUDT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lindsay, D., Andriessen, P., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1986, Heating, cooling, and uplift during Tertiary time, northern Sangre de Cristo Range, Colorado (USA): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 9, p. 1133-1143, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1133:HCAUDT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1133","endPage":"1143","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226170,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a300be4b0c8380cd5d31f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsay, D. A.","contributorId":108137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andriessen, P.A.M.","contributorId":105058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andriessen","given":"P.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014680,"text":"70014680 - 1986 - Post-glacial lahars of the Sandy River Basin, Mount Hood, Oregon.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014680","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-glacial lahars of the Sandy River Basin, Mount Hood, Oregon.","docAbstract":"Within the last 10 000 years, three significant lahar-producing periods have occurred at Mount Hood, Oregon. The Timberline eruptive period occurred between 1400 and 1800 years BP. It was by far the most voluminous of the three periods, producing enough clastic debris to bury the glacial topography of the southwest face of the mountain beneath a smooth debris fan. Timberline-age lahars traveled the length of the Zigzag and Sandy Rivers, a distance in excess of 90 km. Between 400 and 600 years BP, the Zigzag eruptive period produced deposits along the middle reaches of the Zigzag River and the upper Sandy River. The Old Maid eruptive period occurred between 180 and 270 years BP. A single lahar flowed down the Sandy River at least as far as Brightwood, 30 km from Crater Rock. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Cameron, K.A., and Pringle, P., 1986, Post-glacial lahars of the Sandy River Basin, Mount Hood, Oregon.: Northwest Science, v. 60, no. 4, p. 225-237.","startPage":"225","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e67e4b0c8380cd7a512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, K. A.","contributorId":102109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, P.","contributorId":66433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014529,"text":"70014529 - 1986 - Late Triassic paleogeography of the southern Cordillera: The problem of a source for voluminous volcanic detritus in the Chinle Formation of the Colorado Plateau region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-30T00:24:06.783366","indexId":"70014529","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Triassic paleogeography of the southern Cordillera: The problem of a source for voluminous volcanic detritus in the Chinle Formation of the Colorado Plateau region","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15570059\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of the Colorado Plateau contains voluminous volcanic detritus evidently derived from a source to the south. Volcanic rocks exposed in southern Arizona and northern Sonora have been assumed to represent this source terrane, but U-Pb isotopic geochronology and regional stratigraphic correlations indicate that these volcanic rocks are distinctly younger than the Chinle, and thus not a source for the volcanic detritus in the Chinle. Igneous rocks of known or possible Late Triassic age in Nevada, California, or northeastern Mexico are possible sources, but a clearly defined source terrane for the volcanic detritus in the Chinle has not been identified. Tectonic removal of the source terrane by rifting or strike-slip offset, though not proven, is a possibility.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<567:LTPOTS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J., Anderson, T., Hazel, G., Silver, L.T., and Wright, J., 1986, Late Triassic paleogeography of the southern Cordillera: The problem of a source for voluminous volcanic detritus in the Chinle Formation of the Colorado Plateau region: Geology, v. 14, no. 7, p. 567-570, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<567:LTPOTS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"570","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225837,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4540e4b0c8380cd6716a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, T.H.","contributorId":88888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hazel, G.B.","contributorId":70936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silver, L. T.","contributorId":46968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silver","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, J.E.","contributorId":52575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014687,"text":"70014687 - 1986 - Piston core properties and disturbance effects.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T11:07:01","indexId":"70014687","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2326,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Piston core properties and disturbance effects.","docAbstract":"Laboratory geotechnical data on piston cores for 31 sites on the mid-Atlantic Upper Continental Slope show the near-surface sediments vary from normally consolidated to somewhat overconsolidated clayey silts and silty clays of low to high plasticity. They also exhibit normalized behavior and their index property correlations with the effective-stress friction angle, the undrained strength ratio, and the compression index are reasonably consistent with existing knowledge. Because existing knowledge concerning disturbance effect suggests that in-situ preconsolidation stress values should lie between those derived from the triaxial and laboratory vane data, the preconsolidation stress values obtained from the consolidation data appear to be appreciably smaller than in-situ values. -from ASCE Publications Information","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1986)112:6(608)","usgsCitation":"Olsen, H.W., Rice, T.L., Mayne, P.W., and Singh, R., 1986, Piston core properties and disturbance effects.: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, v. 112, no. 6, p. 608-625, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1986)112:6(608).","startPage":"608","endPage":"625","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268625,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1986)112:6(608)"}],"volume":"112","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b84e4b0c8380cd794ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, H. W.","contributorId":10060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, T. L.","contributorId":11759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayne, P. W.","contributorId":99309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayne","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singh, R.D.","contributorId":89674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014688,"text":"70014688 - 1986 - Evolution of the Coast batholith along the Skagway Traverse, Alaska and British Columbia.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014688","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of the Coast batholith along the Skagway Traverse, Alaska and British Columbia.","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance geological mapping of a strip 10-15 km wide across the Coast batholith from Haines to Skagway to the vicinity of Log Cabin was performed. The petrography, major- and minor-element chemistry, geochronology (using the U/Pb method on zircons), and initial ratios of 87Sr/86Sr of a suite of representative samples from each major unit are reported.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Barker, F., Arth, J.G., and Stern, T.W., 1986, Evolution of the Coast batholith along the Skagway Traverse, Alaska and British Columbia.: American Mineralogist, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 632-643.","startPage":"632","endPage":"643","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226241,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d88e4b0c8380cd53088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, F.","contributorId":101368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, T. W.","contributorId":36122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014689,"text":"70014689 - 1986 - LONG-TERM EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70014689","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"LONG-TERM EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.","docAbstract":"The Charleston, South Carolina, area offers a unique opportunity to conduct studies that give insight into the implementation of policy for long-term earthquake preparedness at the local level. Research by Greene and Gori documented the low state of preparedness in 1981. Recent studies show that earthquake preparedness activities are now occurring in Charleston. Since 1981, increased national attention has been used by local citizens in Charleston to overcome political, informational, social, organizational, and economic barriers which tend to retard the adoption and implementation of earthquake mitigation policies.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering.","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Inst","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA, USA","isbn":"0943198070","usgsCitation":"Gori, P.L., and Greene, M., 1986, LONG-TERM EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA., Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering., v. 3, Charleston, SC, USA, p. 2341-2351.","startPage":"2341","endPage":"2351","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40eee4b0c8380cd65167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gori, P. L.","contributorId":87138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gori","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, M.R.","contributorId":96723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014693,"text":"70014693 - 1986 - THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE IN A DEEP SANDSTONE AQUIFER IN MINNESOTA: FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND THERMAL ENERGY-TRANSPORT MODELING.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70014693","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE IN A DEEP SANDSTONE AQUIFER IN MINNESOTA: FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND THERMAL ENERGY-TRANSPORT MODELING.","docAbstract":"A study of the feasibility of storing heated water in a deep sandstone aquifer in Minnesota is described. The aquifer consists of four hydraulic zones that are areally anisotropic and have average hydraulic conductivities that range from 0. 03 to 1. 2 meters per day. A preliminary axially symmetric, nonisothermal, isotropic, single-phase, radial-flow, thermal-energy-transport model was constructed to investigate the sensitivity of model simulation to various hydraulic and thermal properties of the aquifer. A three-dimensional flow and thermal-energy transport model was constructed to incorporate the areal anisotropy of the aquifer. Analytical solutions of equations describing areally anisotropic groundwater flow around a doublet-well system were used to specify model boundary conditions for simulation of heat injection. The entire heat-injection-testing period of approximately 400 days was simulated. Model-computed temperatures compared favorably with field-recorded temperatures, with differences of no more than plus or minus 8 degree C. For each test cycle, model-computed aquifer thermal efficiency, defined as total heat withdrawn divided by total heat injected, was within plus or minus 2% of the field-calculated values.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"21st Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference: Advancing toward Technology Breakout in Energy Conversion.","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","issn":"0146955X","isbn":"0841209863","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.T., 1986, THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE IN A DEEP SANDSTONE AQUIFER IN MINNESOTA: FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND THERMAL ENERGY-TRANSPORT MODELING., <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, p. 682-685.","startPage":"682","endPage":"685","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba388e4b08c986b31fd41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. T.","contributorId":15209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014694,"text":"70014694 - 1986 - Upper mantle structure from teleseismic P wave arrivals in Washington and northern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T14:35:05.341291","indexId":"70014694","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper mantle structure from teleseismic P wave arrivals in Washington and northern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Teleseismic&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;wave travel time residuals are used to detect lateral velocity heterogeneities in the upper mantle beneath Washington and northern Oregon. The results of an inversion for three-dimensional velocity variations resolves an east dipping high-velocity zone that we interpret as the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. The plate is characterized by 3–8% higher velocities than those in the surrounding upper mantle. Inversion of the travel time data and ray trace modeling indicate that the plate extends to a depth of 200–300 km. The plate dips at a moderate angle of 45° to the east-northeast beneath the central Washington Cascade Range north of Mount Rainier, with 5% faster velocities than the surrounding upper mantle. Beneath the North Cascade Range of Washington, the plate strikes to the northwest and has 6–8% faster velocities than the upper mantle to the west. South of 47°N, beneath the Cascade Range in southern Washington and northern Oregon, the plate dips steeply to the east and has 3–4% faster velocities than the surrounding upper mantle. Based on changes in the geometry and velocity structure of the subducted Juan de Fuca plate east of about 123°W, we propose that the subducted slab is segmented into three sections beneath Washington and northern Oregon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB02p02077","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Michaelson, C.A., and Weaver, C., 1986, Upper mantle structure from teleseismic P wave arrivals in Washington and northern Oregon: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B2, p. 2077-2094, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB02p02077.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2077","endPage":"2094","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd5ae4b08c986b328fa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michaelson, C. A.","contributorId":50900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014527,"text":"70014527 - 1986 - Downstream effects of Flaming Gorge Reservoir on the Green River, Colorado and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T13:05:05.419474","indexId":"70014527","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downstream effects of Flaming Gorge Reservoir on the Green River, Colorado and Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The Green River is one of the principal tributaries in the Colorado River basin and drains 44,700 m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah. Since October 1962, flows of the Green River have been regulated by Flaming Gorge Reservoir, which is located 412 river miles upstream from its confluence with the Colorado River. Mean annual runoff has not been affected by the reservoir. The duration of the relatively large discharges that transport most of the annual sediment load, however, has decreased significantly. As a result, the mean annual sediment discharge has decreased by 54% to 3.21 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>tons from 6.92 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>tons at the Jensen gage located 105 river miles downstream from the reservoir and by 48% to 8.83 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>tons from 17.0 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>tons at the Green River, Utah, gage located 290 river miles downstream from the reservoir. Sediment supply to I he channel equals the annual transport within a relatively short distance, 68 river miles, downstream from the reservoir. Downstream from river mile 166, the supply of sediment from upstream plus tributary inflow exceeds the transport of sediment by ∼5.4 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>tons per year on an average. The quasi-equilibrium that appears to have existed prior to the reservoir no longer occurs along a majority of the Green River.</p><p>In response to the reduced peak discharges, the bankfull channel width of the Green River has decreased by ∼10%. Adjustment of the channel to decreased peak flows and altered sediment loads is nowhere complete. At present, it appears that a century or more will be required for the Green River to adjust to the effects of Flaming Gorge Reservoir.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1012:DEOFGR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Andrews, E., 1986, Downstream effects of Flaming Gorge Reservoir on the Green River, Colorado and Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 8, p. 1012-1023, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1012:DEOFGR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1012","endPage":"1023","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.26407245481708,\n              42.347268601791654\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.26407245481708,\n              37.07806824997489\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.2992287048171,\n              37.07806824997489\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.2992287048171,\n              42.347268601791654\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.26407245481708,\n              42.347268601791654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b6e4b0c8380cd5060b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014705,"text":"70014705 - 1986 - Influences of quaternary climatic changes on processes of soil development on desert loess deposits of the Cima volcanic field, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-06T18:19:50.463591","indexId":"70014705","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1198,"text":"Catena","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of quaternary climatic changes on processes of soil development on desert loess deposits of the Cima volcanic field, California","docAbstract":"Soils formed in loess are evidence of both relict and buried landscapes developed on Pliocene-to-latest Pleistocene basalt flows of the Cima volcanic field in the eastern Mojave Desert, California. The characteristics of these soils change systematically and as functions of the age and surface morphology of the lava flow. Four distinct phases of soil development are recognized: phase 1 - weakly developed soils on flows less than 0.18 M.y. old; phase 2 - strongly developed soils with thick argillic horizons on 0.18 - 0.7 M.y. old flows; phase 3 - strongly developed soils with truncated argillic horizons massively impregnated by carbonate on 0.7 to 1.1 M.y. old flows; and phase 4 - degraded soils with petrocalcic rubble on Pliocene flows. A critical aspect of the development of stage 1 soils is the evolution of a vesicular A horizon which profoundly affects the infiltration characteristics of the loess parent materials. Laboratory studies show that secondary gypsum and possibly other salt accumulation probably occurred during the period of phase 1 soil development. Slight reddening of the interiors of peds from vesicular-A horizons of phase 1 soils and presence of weakly developed B horizons indicates a slight degree of in situ chemical alteration. However, clay and Fe oxide contents of these soils show that these constituents, as well as carbonates and soluble salts, are incorporated as eolian dust. In contrast to phase 1 soils, chemical and mineralogical analysis of argillic horizons of phase 2 soils indicate proportionally greater degrees of in-situ chemical alteration. These data, the abundant clay films, and the strong reddening in the thick argillic horizons suggest that phase 2 and phase 3 soils formed during long periods of time and periodically were subjected to leaching regimes more intense than those that now exist. Flow-age data and soil-stratigraphic evidence also indicate that several major loess-deposition events occurred during the past ??? 1.0 M.y. Loess events are attributed to past changes in climate, such as the Pleistocene-to-Holocene climatic change, that periodically caused regional desiccation of pluvial lakes, reduction of vegetational density, and exposure of loose, unconsolidated fine materials. During times of warmer interglacial climates, precipitation infiltrates to shallower depths than during glacial periods. Extensive, saline playas which developed in the Mojave Desert during the Holocene are a likely source of much of the carbonates and soluble salts that are accumulating at shallow depths both in phase 1 soils and in the formerly noncalcareous, nongypsiferous argillic horizons of phase 2 and 3 soils. ?? 1986.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0341-8162(86)90010-X","usgsCitation":"McFadden, L.D., Wells, S.G., and Dohrenwend, J.C., 1986, Influences of quaternary climatic changes on processes of soil development on desert loess deposits of the Cima volcanic field, California: Catena, v. 13, no. 4, p. 361-389, https://doi.org/10.1016/0341-8162(86)90010-X.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"389","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cima volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.64751527404586,\n              35.30875004490268\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.9171217596971,\n              35.30875004490268\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.9171217596971,\n              35.13851834089037\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.64751527404586,\n              35.13851834089037\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.64751527404586,\n              35.30875004490268\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ba4e4b0c8380cd62710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McFadden, L. D.","contributorId":15765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, S. G.","contributorId":81257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dohrenwend, J. C.","contributorId":40960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohrenwend","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014707,"text":"70014707 - 1986 - Crater Lake, Oregon: A restricted basin with base-of-slope aprons of nonchannelized turbidites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T12:12:16.016992","indexId":"70014707","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crater Lake, Oregon: A restricted basin with base-of-slope aprons of nonchannelized turbidites","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15570135\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The basin floor of Crater Lake (10-km diameter, 600-m water depth) is covered by up to 75 m of sediment–gravity-flow deposits interbedded with mud. In the upper units (8 m (thick), sand and gravel layers with numerous wedging, strong seismic reflectors characterize the base-of-slope aprons at the basin margin. These layers evolve to turbidites of mainly thin, fine-grained, basin-plain type, characterized by numerous flat and weak seismic reflectors in the central basin floor. Many individual debris-chute sources funnel sediment to base-of-slope aprons: there, coarse-grained parts of the sediment–gravity flows deposit nonchannelized beds attributed to the F, A, B turbidite facies. While traversing the base-of-slope aprons, flows evolve to sheet-flow turbidity currents that deposit D-facies beds over the central basin floor. These processes and patterns of deposition characterize small siliciclastic basins without channelized submarine fans and are common in carbonate basins of all sizes.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<238:CLOARB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Nelson, C., Meyer, A., Thor, D., and Larsen, M., 1986, Crater Lake, Oregon: A restricted basin with base-of-slope aprons of nonchannelized turbidites: Geology, v. 14, no. 3, p. 238-241, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<238:CLOARB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"238","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc99e4b0c8380cd4e333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, A.W.","contributorId":51473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thor, D.","contributorId":22098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thor","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larsen, M.","contributorId":74148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014526,"text":"70014526 - 1986 - Evidence for a stronger oxygen-minimum zone off central California during late Pleistocene to early Holocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-30T00:27:25.150707","indexId":"70014526","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for a stronger oxygen-minimum zone off central California during late Pleistocene to early Holocene","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15570216\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Of 31 deep-sea cores collected along the central California continental slope, 18 have distinctly laminated sediment at depth, but none have laminations in the top few centimetres. The cores with laminated facies are restricted to water depths between 508 and 1508 m, but not all cores taken from this depth interval have laminated facies.<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>C dates yield an extrapolated age of 4700 B.P. for the top of the uppermost laminated unit. Comparisons of the diatom flora in the laminated couplets with diatom floras in a 13-month sediment-trap record suggest that the laminations are varvelike couplets of seasonal sedimentation. The laminated facies represent a period from the last global deglaciation to early Holocene when the oxygen-minimum zone along the northeastern Pacific Ocean was stronger than at present. A stronger oxygen-minimum zone during this time is inferred to be the result of intensified upwelling.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<691:EFASOZ>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J., and Hemphill-Haley, E., 1986, Evidence for a stronger oxygen-minimum zone off central California during late Pleistocene to early Holocene: Geology, v. 14, no. 8, p. 691-694, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<691:EFASOZ>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"694","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d32e4b0c8380cd52e85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemphill-Haley, E.","contributorId":69309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill-Haley","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}