{"pageNumber":"4459","pageRowStart":"111450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165898,"records":[{"id":1013961,"text":"1013961 - 1986 - A professional umbrella for the 80s: Report of the 1983-84 Professionalism Committee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:14:13.797759","indexId":"1013961","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A professional umbrella for the 80s: Report of the 1983-84 Professionalism Committee","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Cole, C., Griswold, C., Henderson, V., Hester, E., Modde, T., Noble, R., Pardue, G., Parker, N., Peterson, D., and Royce, W., 1986, A professional umbrella for the 80s: Report of the 1983-84 Professionalism Committee: Fisheries, v. 11, no. 6, p. 22-28.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423308,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-11-6"},{"id":132129,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a95f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, C.F.","contributorId":72340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griswold, C.","contributorId":99938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griswold","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, V.","contributorId":10383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hester, E.","contributorId":27013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hester","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Modde, T.","contributorId":98243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modde","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noble, R.L.","contributorId":98685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pardue, G.","contributorId":73159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardue","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peterson, D.C.","contributorId":38111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Royce, W.F.","contributorId":102841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royce","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70015698,"text":"70015698 - 1986 - Improved method for correlating late Pleistocene/Holocene records from the Bering Sea: Application of a biosiliceous/geochemical stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T15:36:53.668883","indexId":"70015698","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1369,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved method for correlating late Pleistocene/Holocene records from the Bering Sea: Application of a biosiliceous/geochemical stratigraphy","docAbstract":"<p>The combination of high-resolution siliceous biostratigraphy and radiocarbon dating provides a mechanism for detailed assessment of the depositional history in late Pleistocene sediments from the Bering Sea where average accumulation rates are uncharacteristically high compared to rates calculated for most other ocean basins. Vital to the development of this stratigraphy was the recognition that the abundance pattern of the radiolarian species<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cycladophora davisiana</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in Bering Sea cores is quite similar to this species' previously correlated abundance curve in a late Pleistocene/Holocene record from the northwest Pacific.</p><p>Comparison of this high-resolution stratigraphy with other recently developed floral and lithologic stratigraphies for late Pleistocene Bering Sea sediments shows that the various stratigraphies do not always yield identical results when applied to a particular sediment sequence. With this new stratigraphy based upon a combination of siliceous microfaunal abundance patterns and radiocarbon dating, one can identify reworking, discontinuities and other interruptions in the depositional sequence more precisely than with previously devised stratigraphies, thereby improving the correlation techniques for comparison of late Pleistocene/Holocene records from this marginal sea.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(86)90020-8","usgsCitation":"Morley, J., and Robinson, S., 1986, Improved method for correlating late Pleistocene/Holocene records from the Bering Sea: Application of a biosiliceous/geochemical stratigraphy: Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 33, no. 9, p. 1203-1211, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(86)90020-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1211","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              179.89471800680292,\n              61.00803239171765\n            ],\n            [\n              167.53646605889793,\n              60.04109057086902\n            ],\n            [\n              164.86589962533395,\n              55.877336989592635\n            ],\n            [\n              150,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              175.71426956951274,\n              46.111089686937845\n            ],\n            [\n              179.28366382390857,\n              53.31108887748721\n            ],\n            [\n              179.89471800680292,\n              61.00803239171765\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              64.23665065262034\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -160,\n              53\n            ],\n            [\n              -160,\n              64.23665065262034\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.9,\n              64.23665065262034\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a395ae4b0c8380cd618bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morley, J. J.","contributorId":14956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morley","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Stephen","contributorId":220277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014511,"text":"1014511 - 1986 - Mycoplasma contamination in fish cell lines: An evaluation of detection by differential incorporation of 3H-uridine and 14C-uracil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-02T00:02:07.500613","indexId":"1014511","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mycoplasma contamination in fish cell lines: An evaluation of detection by differential incorporation of 3H-uridine and 14C-uracil","docAbstract":"<p><span>Differential incorporation of uridine and uracil was used to assay for mycoplasma contamination in five fish cell lines: bluegill fry (BF-2), chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214), epithelioma papillosum cyprini (EPC), fathead minnow (FHM) and rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2). The method was not suitable for monitoring BF-2, CHSE-214, FHM, and RTG-2 cell lines because they incorporated uracil. Differential incorporation of uridine and uracil may be applicable for screening EPC cells because only this cell line could distinguish cultures experimentally infected with&nbsp;</span><i>Mycoplasma orale</i><span>&nbsp;from cultures known to be free from microbial contaminants.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.1986.tb00990.x","usgsCitation":"Schultz, C.L., Lidgerding, B.C., McAllister, P.E., and Hetrick, F.M., 1986, Mycoplasma contamination in fish cell lines: An evaluation of detection by differential incorporation of 3H-uridine and 14C-uracil: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 9, no. 2, p. 117-122, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1986.tb00990.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698aa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, C. L.","contributorId":24308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidgerding, B. C.","contributorId":8028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidgerding","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hetrick, F. M.","contributorId":74337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hetrick","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014519,"text":"70014519 - 1986 - New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014519","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale","docAbstract":"The determination of osmium content and isotopic abundances in geological materials has received increasing attention in recent years following the proposal of Alvarez et al.1 that mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous period were caused by the impact of a large (???10km) meteorite which left anomalously high iridium levels as a geochemical signature in the boundary shales. Here we report a new and simple method for measuring osmium in geological materials, involving fusion of the sample with sodium peroxide, distillation of the osmium as the tetroxide using perchloric acid, extraction into chloroform, and absorption of the chloroform extract onto graphite powder before instrumental neutron activation analysis. In a variant of this technique, the chloroform extract is back-extracted into an aqueous phase and the osmium isotopes are determined by plasma-source mass spectrometry (ICPMS). We have used this method on the Woodside Creek (New Zealand) Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary clay and have obtained the first osmium content (6g ng g-1) for this material. The 187Os/186Os ratio is 1.12??0.16, showing a typical non-crustal signature. This combined distillation-extraction- ICPMS method will prove to be useful for measuring osmium isotopes in other geological materials. ?? 1986 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/322816a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Lichte, F., Wilson, S., Brooks, R., Reeves, R., Holzbecher, J., and Ryan, D., 1986, New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale: Nature, v. 322, no. 6082, p. 816-817, https://doi.org/10.1038/322816a0.","startPage":"816","endPage":"817","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205649,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322816a0"},{"id":225710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"322","issue":"6082","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65eae4b0c8380cd72ca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, S.M.","contributorId":52731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, R.R.","contributorId":71324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holzbecher, J.","contributorId":99305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzbecher","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, D.E.","contributorId":68472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70014586,"text":"70014586 - 1986 - Effect of discharge on the chlorophyll a distribution in the tidally-influenced Potomac River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T15:06:34.276103","indexId":"70014586","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of discharge on the chlorophyll a distribution in the tidally-influenced Potomac River","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the tidal Potomac River, high river discharges during the spring are associated with high chlorophyll</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;concentrations in the following in the following summer, assuming that summertime light and temperature conditions are favorable. Spring floods deliver large loads of particulate N and P to the tidal river. This particulate N and P could be mineralized by bacteria to inorganic N and P and released to the water column where it is available for phytoplankton use during summertime. However, during the study period relatively low concentrations of chlorophyll</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;(less than 50 μg l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;occurred in the tidal river if average monthly discharge during July or August exceeded 200 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Discharge and other conditions combined to produce conditions favorable for nuisance levels of chlorophyll</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;(greater than 100 μg l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;approximately one year out of four. Chlorophyll</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;maxima occurred in the Potomac River transition zone and estuary during late winter (dinoflagellates) and spring (diatoms). Typical seasonal peak concentrations were achieved at discharges as high as 970 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, but sustained discharges greater than 1,100 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;retarded development. Optimum growth conditions occurred following runoff events of 10 to 15 d duration which produced transit times to the transition zone of 7 to 10 d. Wet years with numerous moderate-sized runoff events, such as 1980, tend to produce greater biomass in the transition zone and estuary than do dry years such as 1981.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1352097","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., Woodward, J., and Shultz, D., 1986, Effect of discharge on the chlorophyll a distribution in the tidally-influenced Potomac River: Estuaries, v. 9, no. 4, p. 250-260, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352097.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.0029296875,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5859375,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5859375,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0029296875,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0029296875,\n              36.73888412439431\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d4e4b0c8380cd50fa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, J. P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, J.W.","contributorId":107038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shultz, D.J.","contributorId":60246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014996,"text":"70014996 - 1986 - Movement and fate of detergents in groundwater: A field study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T19:56:30","indexId":"70014996","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement and fate of detergents in groundwater: A field study","docAbstract":"<p>The major cations, anions, and detergents in a plume of contaminated groundwater at Otis Air Base on Cape Cod (Mass., U.S.A.) have moved approximately 3.5 km down gradient from the disposal beds. We hypothesize that the detergents form two distinct plumes, which consist of alkyl benzene sulfonates (ABS) detergents and linear alkyl sulfonates (LAS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaLS) detergents. The ABS detergents were deposited from approximately 1940 through 1965, when ABS detergents were banned. From 1965 to the present, LAS and NaLS detergents were in the sewage. The ABS detergents appear to be transported in the aquifer at the same rate as the specific conductance (major cations and anions) and boron, which are currently used as conservative tracers of the plume of contaminated groundwater. There appears to be little or no biological degradation of the ABS detergents in the aquifer, based on their concentration in the plume. On the other hand, the LAS and NaLS detergents have degraded rapidly and have been detected only 0.6 km down gradient. The roleof the detergents in the transport of other organic compounds in the plume is nuclear. There is a separation of the ABS detergent plume and the volatile organic compound plume; however, the time of entry of the detergents and the volatile organic compounds is unknown. Therefore, it is not possible to conclude on the interaction of these two classes of compounds.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(86)90013-6","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., Barber, L., and LeBlanc, D., 1986, Movement and fate of detergents in groundwater: A field study: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 1, no. 1-2, p. 143-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(86)90013-6.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"161","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f0ee4b0c8380cd70d47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L.B. Jr.","contributorId":86900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.","contributorId":20909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014994,"text":"70014994 - 1986 - Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 2. Verification and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T08:38:55","indexId":"70014994","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 2. Verification and applications","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimates of distributional parameters (mean, standard deviation, median, interquartile range) are often desired for data sets containing censored observations. Eight methods for estimating these parameters have been evaluated by R. J. Gilliom and D. R. Helsel (this issue) using Monte Carlo simulations. To verify those findings, the same methods are now applied to actual water quality data. The best method (lowest root-mean-squared error (rmse)) over all parameters, sample sizes, and censoring levels is log probability regression (LR), the method found best in the Monte Carlo simulations. Best methods for estimating moment or percentile parameters separately are also identical to the simulations. Reliability of these estimates can be expressed as confidence intervals using rmse and bias values taken from the simulation results. Finally, a new simulation study shows that best methods for estimating uncensored sample statistics from censored data sets are identical to those for estimating population parameters. Thus this study and the companion study by Gilliom and Helsel form the basis for making the best possible estimates of either population parameters or sample statistics from censored water quality data, and for assessments of their reliability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i002p00147","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D., and Gilliom, R.J., 1986, Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 2. Verification and applications: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i002p00147.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b84e4b0c8380cd52764","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014980,"text":"70014980 - 1986 - Summary of pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70014980","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summary of pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"Mount St. Helens has been a prolific source of tephra-fall deposits for about 40 000 years. These tephra deposits (1) record numerous explosive eruptions, (2) form important regional time-stratigraphic marker beds, and (3) record repeated changes in composition within and between eruptive periods. Recognized tephra strata record more than 100 explosive eruptive events at Mount St. Helens; those tephra strata are classified as beds, layers, and sets. Tephra sets, each of which consists of a group of beds and layers, define in part the nine eruptive periods recognized at the volcano. Individual tephra sets are distinguished from stratigraphically adjacent sets by differences in composition or by evidence of clapsed time. Several tephra units from Mount St. Helens form important marker beds at distances of hundreds of kilometers downwind from the volcano. Cummingtonite phenocrysts, which are known in ejecta from only Mount St. Helens in the Pacific Northwest, characterize some marker beds and readily identify their source. The tephra sequence also records eruption of the mafic andesites that mark the appearance of the modern Mount St. Helens and numerous changes in composition among dacite, basalt, and andesite since that time. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01073510","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Mullineaux, D.R., 1986, Summary of pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 17-26, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01073510.","startPage":"17","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205433,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01073510"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ea1e4b08c986b31e024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullineaux, D. R.","contributorId":64248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullineaux","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014969,"text":"70014969 - 1986 - Determination of total, commonality, and uniqueness of interpreted structural elements from remotely sensed data in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70014969","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of total, commonality, and uniqueness of interpreted structural elements from remotely sensed data in Alaska","docAbstract":"Statistical analysis is conducted to determine the unique value of real- and synthetic-aperture side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) to detect interpreted structural elements. SLAR images were compared to standard and digitally enhanced Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) images and to aerial photographs. After interpretation of the imagery, data were cumulated by total length in miles and by frequency of counts. Maximum uniqueness is obtained first from real-aperture SLAR, 58.3% of total, and, second, from digitally enhanced Landsat MSS images, 54.1% of total. ?? 1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00898281","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Rosenfield, G., 1986, Determination of total, commonality, and uniqueness of interpreted structural elements from remotely sensed data in Alaska: Mathematical Geology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 161-179, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00898281.","startPage":"161","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00898281"},{"id":223792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffe0e4b0c8380cd4f44a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenfield, G.H.","contributorId":94670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfield","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014610,"text":"70014610 - 1986 - Effect of height and orientation ( microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T12:27:18.302067","indexId":"70014610","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of height and orientation ( microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Terrace scarps can serve as a nearly ideal natural laboratory for the study of the evolution of slopes. This paper examines the effects of scarp size (height) and orientation (microclimate) by keeping constant variables such as age, lithology, and regional climate.</p><p>If a scarp degrades as a closed system, and downslope movement is<span>&nbsp;</span><i>directly proportional to surface gradient</i>, the evolution of the scarp is modeled by the diffusion equation. For a group of scarps of same age and known starting angle, the diffusion-equation model predicts the relation between maximum scarp angle (\uD835\uDEC9) and scarp height (<i>h</i>). Late Pleistocene terrace scarps now as steep as 33.25°, as well as measured angles of repose for sand and gravel, require a starting angle as steep as 33.5°. For latest Pleistocene Idaho and Utah scarps, as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>h</i><span>&nbsp;</span>increases, \uD835\uDEC9 is gentler (more degraded) than modeled by the diffusion equation with a constant rate coefficient. The degradation-rate coefficient (<i>c</i>) increases tenfold with scarp height; it should not change with scarp height if downslope movement is solely determined by surface gradient (to the first power). Soil wash appears to be responsible for this departure from the diffusion-equation model, for transport rate by soil wash is a function of scarp size (height).</p><p>South-facing scarps are less vegetated and more degraded than north-facing scarps. For scarps 2 m high, the degradation rate (<i>c</i>*) on S-facing scarps is 2 times that on N-facing scarps; for 10-m scarps, it is 5 times.</p><p>The observed dependence of the rate coefficient<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* on scarp height can be removed by normalizing<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* to values for west-facing scarps of the same height. The residual<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i>* values calculated by this method correlate well with differences in incident solar radiation resulting from the different scarp orientations and maximum gradients. This correlation demonstrates the importance of orientation on slope processes and their rates through the differences in freeze-thaw cycles, soil moisture, and vegetative cover.</p><p>Scarp morphology may be used to estimate age, if one accounts for the effects of climate and for scarp height, orientation, and lithology. For example, using the dated Bonneville shoreline scarps for calibration and comparing only scarps of equal height, we estimate the Drum Mountains fault scarps to be 9,000 yr old. This age is about twice that produced by previous diffusion-equation calculations that have not accounted for the height as we have here, but it is the same as independent geologic estimates of their age.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., and Colman, S.M., 1986, Effect of height and orientation ( microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 7, p. 869-885, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"885","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e7e4b0c8380cd50fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014606,"text":"70014606 - 1986 - AIRBORNE INERTIAL SURVEYING USING LASER TRACKING AND PROFILING TECHNIQUES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014606","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"AIRBORNE INERTIAL SURVEYING USING LASER TRACKING AND PROFILING TECHNIQUES.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey through a contract with the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory has developed the Aerial Profiling of Terrain System. This is an airborne inertial surveying system designed to use a laser tracker to provide position and velocity updates, and a laser profiler to measure terrain elevations. The performance characteristics of the system are discussed with emphasis placed on the performance of the laser devices. The results of testing the system are summarized for both performance evaluation and applications.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Remote Sensing.","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","publisherLocation":"Bellingham, WA, USA","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0892526793","usgsCitation":"Cyran, E.J., 1986, AIRBORNE INERTIAL SURVEYING USING LASER TRACKING AND PROFILING TECHNIQUES., <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 644, Orlando, FL, USA, p. 54-59.","startPage":"54","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"644","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e629e4b0c8380cd471cb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Menzies Robert T.","contributorId":128346,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Menzies Robert T.","id":536291,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cyran, Edward J.","contributorId":75156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cyran","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014604,"text":"70014604 - 1986 - CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE SURFACE WATER COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT (NAWQA) PROGRAM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014604","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE SURFACE WATER COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT (NAWQA) PROGRAM.","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey started, in a pilot phase, a program to provide nationally consistent information on the status and trends in the quality of the nation's fresh water. The program also intends to identify and describe the relationships between both the status and trends in water quality as they relate to natural factors, and the history of land-use, and land- and waste-management practices. The program is organized into hydrologically based study units and, for the study of surface water, involves a combination of fixed-station, synoptic and intensive study approaches. Network design considerations are discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Oceans 86 - Conference Record.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 1986, CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE SURFACE WATER COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT (NAWQA) PROGRAM., <i>in</i> Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), Washington, DC, USA, p. 779-784.","startPage":"779","endPage":"784","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dde4b0c8380cd4b43e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014540,"text":"70014540 - 1986 - Middle Devonian to Late Mississippian event stratigraphy of Overthrust belt region, western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-27T12:50:00.774098","indexId":"70014540","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":779,"text":"Annales - Societe Geologique de Belgique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Devonian to Late Mississippian event stratigraphy of Overthrust belt region, western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Twenty eustatic and epeirogenic events mainly dated by conodonts are distinguished between the Middle Devonian and the lower Upper Mississippian in Great Basin, in Rocky Mountains and in the Overthrust belt regions.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sandberg, C., Gutschick, R., Johnson, J., Poole, F.G., and Sando, W., 1986, Middle Devonian to Late Mississippian event stratigraphy of Overthrust belt region, western United States: Annales - Societe Geologique de Belgique, v. 109, no. 1, p. 205-207.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.8046875,\n              31.541089879585808\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7880859375,\n              31.541089879585808\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7880859375,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8046875,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8046875,\n              31.541089879585808\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56cfe4b0c8380cd6d83e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutschick, R.C.","contributorId":23277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutschick","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, J.G.","contributorId":83515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poole, F. G. 0000-0001-8487-0799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-0799","contributorId":104883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sando, W.J.","contributorId":59470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014541,"text":"70014541 - 1986 - Palynological evidence for the historic expansion of juniper and desert shrubs in Arizona, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T15:49:55","indexId":"70014541","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palynological evidence for the historic expansion of juniper and desert shrubs in Arizona, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Analysis of the sediment of Pecks Lake, Yavapai County, Arizona, has permitted the first reported palynological evidence for the historic expansion of juniper and desert shrubs in the American Southwest. The palynological evidence is supported by the comparison of modern and historical photographs, which shows the regional expansion of pinyon-juniper woodland, and the local increase of mesquite and creosote bush. A gradual increase in juniper pollen percentages began over 2000 years ago, but the rate of increase abruptly accelerated after the historic introduction of grazing animals. In contrast, juniper percentages did not increase during a prehistoric interval of intense disturbance by humans, about A.D. 1200, and a different weed flora was present. Prehistorically, water depth was greatest at ca. 600 B.C. and was lowest just prior to the arrival of Europeans. Regional climate has gradually cooled since the beginning of the record at 2630 B.P. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0034-6667(86)90026-6","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Davis, O., and Turner, R.M., 1986, Palynological evidence for the historic expansion of juniper and desert shrubs in Arizona, U.S.A.: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 49, no. 3-4, p. 177-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(86)90026-6.","startPage":"177","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269794,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(86)90026-6"},{"id":226028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a748ee4b0c8380cd776d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, O.K.","contributorId":83680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"O.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, R. M.","contributorId":62585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014543,"text":"70014543 - 1986 - Transient electromagnetic sounding for groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T09:16:22","indexId":"70014543","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient electromagnetic sounding for groundwater","docAbstract":"<p><span>The feasibility of using the transient electromagnetic sounding (TS or TDEM) method for groundwater exploration can be studied by means of numerical models. As examples of its applicability to groundwater exploration, we study four groundwater exploration problems: (1) mapping of alluvial fill and gravel zones over bedrock; (2) mapping of sand and gravel lenses in till; (3) detection of salt or brackish water interfaces in freshwater aquifers; and (4) determination of hydrostratigraphy. These groundwater problems require determination of the depth to bedrock; location of resistive, high‐porosity zones associated with fresh water; determination of formation resistivity to assess water quality; and determination of lithology and geometry, respectively. The TS method is best suited for locating conductive targets, and has very good vertical resolution. Unlike other sounding techniques where the receiver‐transmitter array must be expanded to sound more deeply, the depth of investigation for the TS method is a function of the length of time the transient is recorded. Present equipment limitations require that exploration targets with resistivities of 50 Ω ⋅ m or more be at least 50 m deep to determine their resistivity. The maximum depth of exploration is controlled by the geoelectrical section and background electromagnetic (EM) noise. For a particular exploration problem, numerical studies are recommended to determine if the target is detectable.</span><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442158","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D.V., and Stewart, M.T., 1986, Transient electromagnetic sounding for groundwater: Geophysics, v. 51, no. 4, p. 995-1005, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442158.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"995","endPage":"1005","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6fce4b08c986b326fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, David V. dfitterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"David","email":"dfitterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Mark T.","contributorId":200593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014567,"text":"70014567 - 1986 - New aromatic biomarkers and possible maturity indicators found in New Albany Shale extracts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-17T15:46:15.964928","indexId":"70014567","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New aromatic biomarkers and possible maturity indicators found in New Albany Shale extracts","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aromatic hydrocarbons from benzene extracts of New Albany Shale were characterized. A biomarker that has a molecular weight of 546 and a structural configuration consistent with that of an alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbon (C</span><sub>40</sub><span>H</span><sub>66</sub><span>) was tentatively identified. It was found that the relative concentrations of the biomarker are indicative of differing levels of thermal maturity of the shale organic matter. A 40-carbon bicyclic carotenoid (C</span><sub>40</sub><span>H</span><sub>48</sub><span>) is proposed as the geochemical precursor of this biomarker. Thermal maturity of the shale organic matter can also be differentiated by observing differences in “fingerprints” as obtained by field-ionization mass spectrometry on the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction. Using this technique, we found that the more mature shale samples from southeastern Illinois contain more low molecular weight extractable aromatic hydrocarbons and the less mature shale samples from northwestern Illinois contain more high molecular weight extractable aromatic hydrocarbons. It was demonstrated that field-ionization and tandem mass spectrometric techniques through fingerprint and individual compound identification, are useful for shale aromatic hydrocarbon fraction characterization and for thermal maturation interpretation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(86)90116-6","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Wood, K., 1986, New aromatic biomarkers and possible maturity indicators found in New Albany Shale extracts: Organic Geochemistry, v. 9, no. 6, p. 351-356, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(86)90116-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"356","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70014580,"text":"70014580 - 1986 - Nd, O and Sr isotopic constraints on the origin of Precambrian rocks, southern Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:30:47.763869","indexId":"70014580","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nd, O and Sr isotopic constraints on the origin of Precambrian rocks, southern Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"<p id=\"SP0005\">The Nd, O and Sr isotopic characteristics of Precambrian metasedimentary, metavolcanic and granitic rocks from the Black Hills of South Dakota are examined. Two late-Archean granites (2.5-2.6 Ga) have<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>dm</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ages of 3.05 and 3.30 Ga, suggesting that at least one of the granites was derived through the melting of significantly older crust. Early-Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks have<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>dm</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ages that range from 2.32 to 2.45 Ga. These model ages, in conjunction with probable stratigraphic ages ranging from 1.9 to 2.2 Ga, indicate that mantle-derived material was added to the continental crust of this region during the early-Proterozoic. Previous studies of the Harney Peak Granite complex have reported U-Pb and Rb-Sr ages of about 1.71 Ga and most granite samples examined in this study have Sr isotopic compositions consistent with that age. Two granite samples taken from the same sill, however, give two-point Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd ages of 2.08 ±0.08 and 2.20 ±0.20Ga (∑<sup>2200</sup><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= −15.5), respectively. In addition, whole-rock and apatite samples of the spatially associated Tin Mountain pegmatite give a Sm-Nd isochron age of 2000 ±100 Ma (∑<sup>2200</sup><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= −5.8 ±1.8).</p><p id=\"SP0010\">The Sm-Nd, O and Rb-Sr isotopic systematics of these granitic rocks have been complicated to some degree by both crystallization and post-crystallization processes, and the age of the pegmatite and parts of the Harney Peak Granite complex remain uncertain. Processes that probably complicated the isotopic systematics of these rocks include derivation from heterogeneous source material, assimilation, mixing of REE between granite and country rock during crystallization<span>&nbsp;</span><i>via</i><span>&nbsp;</span>a fluid phase and post-crystallization mobility of Sr. The Nd isotopic compositions of the pegmatite and the Harney Peak Granite indicate that they were not derived primarily from the exposed metasedimentary rocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(86)90230-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Walker, R., Hanson, G.N., Papike, J.J., and O’Neil, J.R., 1986, Nd, O and Sr isotopic constraints on the origin of Precambrian rocks, southern Black Hills, South Dakota: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, no. 12, p. 2833-2846, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90230-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2833","endPage":"2846","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63c3e4b0c8380cd72694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, G. N.","contributorId":81152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papike, J. J.","contributorId":18488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papike","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009898,"text":"70009898 - 1986 - Authors' reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T17:18:04.550789","indexId":"70009898","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Authors' reply","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(86)90228-3","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R., and Peters, N., 1986, Authors' reply: Atmospheric Environment, v. 20, no. 1, p. 230-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(86)90228-3.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"232","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeefe4b0c8380cd4a049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015596,"text":"70015596 - 1986 - SALTWATER INTRUSION IN A HIGHLY TRANSMISSIVE UNCONFINED AQUIFER.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015596","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SALTWATER INTRUSION IN A HIGHLY TRANSMISSIVE UNCONFINED AQUIFER.","docAbstract":"Saltwater intrusion is particularly dynamic in coastal Dade County because of the high permeability of the Biscayne aquifer, because of the good interconnection between canals and the aquifer, and because of the seasonal rainfall. The problem is accentuated as urban growth continues to encroach on inland wetland areas which results in lowered inland water levels. This lowering reduces the seaward freshwater hydraulic gradient and the freshwater head at the coast, both of which govern the intrusion of saltwater.","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872625451","usgsCitation":"Waller, B.G., 1986, SALTWATER INTRUSION IN A HIGHLY TRANSMISSIVE UNCONFINED AQUIFER., Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 97-104.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaef5e4b0c8380cd872ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Bradley G.","contributorId":83492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007624,"text":"1007624 - 1986 - Seed predation by yucca moths on semelparous, iteroparous and vegetatively reproducing subspecies of Yucca whipplei (Agavaceae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T17:57:50.996571","indexId":"1007624","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed predation by yucca moths on semelparous, iteroparous and vegetatively reproducing subspecies of Yucca whipplei (Agavaceae)","docAbstract":"<p><span><i>Yucca whipplei</i> subspecies are distinguished by differences in reproduction: spp. <i>whipplei</i> and ssp. <i>parishii</i> are semelparous, flowering once and dying; ssp. <i>caespitosa</i> is iteroparous, producing multiple rosettes which may flower in different years; ssp. <i>percursa</i> has clonal reproduction from rhizomes, and ssp. <i>intermedia</i> is intermediate to the latter two. Seed loss due to the symbiotic yucca moth <i>Tegeticula maculata</i> was not evenly distributed among subspecies, nor was such predation correlated with the mode of reproduction. Rather, the number of moth larvae per capsule was significantly negatively correlated with distance from the coast and average annual temperature. The number of larvae per capsule varied from 0-14. All subspecies had a percentage of fruits lacking larvae; this percentage was largest in the two semelparous subspecies where nearly half of their fruits were without larvae. There is some evidence that this is the result of egg or larval mortality early in development. Within an inflorescence, larvae in individuals of some subspecies showed a highly clumped dispersion and others a highly uniform dispersion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.2307/2425831","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Keeley, S.C., and Ikeda, D.A., 1986, Seed predation by yucca moths on semelparous, iteroparous and vegetatively reproducing subspecies of Yucca whipplei (Agavaceae): American Midland Naturalist, v. 115, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.2307/2425831.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130035,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Sterling C.","contributorId":112968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Sterling","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikeda, D. A.","contributorId":9115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ikeda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":15975,"text":"ofr86113 - 1986 - Analytical results and sample locality map for stream-sediment and panned-concentrate samples from the Palisade Mesa and the Wall Wilderness Study Areas (NV-060-142/162 and NV-060-163), Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T20:36:18.597277","indexId":"ofr86113","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-113","title":"Analytical results and sample locality map for stream-sediment and panned-concentrate samples from the Palisade Mesa and the Wall Wilderness Study Areas (NV-060-142/162 and NV-060-163), Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86113","usgsCitation":"Siems, D.F., Sharkey, J.D., and Tucker, R.E., 1986, Analytical results and sample locality map for stream-sediment and panned-concentrate samples from the Palisade Mesa and the Wall Wilderness Study Areas (NV-060-142/162 and NV-060-163), Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-113, Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 29.54 x 24.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86113.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 29.54 x 24.77 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414503,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16932.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":44939,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44938,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0113/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0113/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Palisade Mesa and the Wall Wilderness Study Areas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.25,\n              38.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25,\n              38.157\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              38.157\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              38.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25,\n              38.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharkey, J. D.","contributorId":85578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharkey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, R. E.","contributorId":50520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85592,"text":"85592 - 1986 - Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"85592","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Introduction","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological perspectives of the upper Mississippi River","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Dr. W. Junk Publishers","publisherLocation":"The Hague, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Smart, M., Lubinski, S., and Schnick, R.A., 1986, Introduction, chap. <i>of</i> Ecological perspectives of the upper Mississippi River, 1-4.","productDescription":"1-4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c1e4b07f02db5d34d4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smart, M.M.","contributorId":76435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504531,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lubinski, S.J.","contributorId":83063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":504532,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schnick, R. A.","contributorId":106079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnick","given":"R.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504533,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Smart, M.M.","contributorId":76435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lubinski, S.J.","contributorId":83063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schnick, R. A.","contributorId":106079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnick","given":"R.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1007558,"text":"1007558 - 1986 - The use of stable isotopes in the study of photosynthesis in freshwater plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T17:57:36.899209","indexId":"1007558","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of stable isotopes in the study of photosynthesis in freshwater plants","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ratio of&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C/</span><sup>12</sup><span>C for photosynthetic tissues of 22 aquatic species was unrelated to photosynthetic pathway. In three aquatic environments CAM and non-CAM species were shown to have similar&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C values. Although these CAM species derive up to half of their net carbon gain through dark fixation their&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C values are similar to associated non-CAM species in part because the carbon source for dark CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;uptake is CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;released, through respiration or decomposition, from organic carbon. Thus, the carbon source for CAM reflects previous isotope discrimination events. As carbon isotopes are not able to distinguish the photosynthetic pathway, there is good evidence that they may prove invaluable in the study of diffusional resistance to photosynthesis. Such evaluations require careful analysis of the photosynthetic pathway, carbon species utilized and&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C value of the source carbon. Although stable carbon isotope values do not allow differentiation between CAM and non-CAM aquatic species, there is evidence that hydrogen isotopes may be able to distinguish these two groups. Aquatic CAM species were shown to accumulate greater levels of deuterium than associated non-CAM species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3770(86)90022-7","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Sternberg, L., and DeNiro, M.J., 1986, The use of stable isotopes in the study of photosynthesis in freshwater plants: Aquatic Botany, v. 26, p. 213-223, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(86)90022-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sternberg, Leonel","contributorId":217985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sternberg","given":"Leonel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeNiro, Michael J.","contributorId":14738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeNiro","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":46544,"text":"ofr83170F - 1986 - Mineralogical and geochemical maps showing the distribution of selected minerals and elements found in the minus-80-mesh stream-sediment and related minus-30-mesh heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Circle quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T21:41:32.702368","indexId":"ofr83170F","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-170","chapter":"F","title":"Mineralogical and geochemical maps showing the distribution of selected minerals and elements found in the minus-80-mesh stream-sediment and related minus-30-mesh heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Circle quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr83170F","usgsCitation":"Tripp, R.B., Crim, W.D., Hoffman, J.D., O’Leary, R.M., and Risoli, D.A., 1986, Mineralogical and geochemical maps showing the distribution of selected minerals and elements found in the minus-80-mesh stream-sediment and related minus-30-mesh heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Circle quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-170, Report: 7 p.; 6 Plates: 52.00 x 40.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83170F.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; 6 Plates: 52.00 x 40.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414932,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13922.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":20917,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20922,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20921,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/plate-5-preview.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20916,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/plate-2-preview.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83486,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20920,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20919,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20918,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/plate-3-preview.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20915,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20914,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/plate-1-preview.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20913,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0170f/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Circle quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              66\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699eb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tripp, Richard B.","contributorId":25997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripp","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crim, William D.","contributorId":19623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crim","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, James D. jhoffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"James","email":"jhoffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":233534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Leary, Richard M.","contributorId":19936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Risoli, Donald A.","contributorId":16082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risoli","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":800001,"text":"800001 - 1986 - A Brief History of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T11:12:22","indexId":"800001","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"A Brief History of the U.S. Geological Survey","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Rabbitt, M.C., 1986, A Brief History of the U.S. Geological Survey, 48 p.","productDescription":"48 p.","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[{"id":366,"text":"Library","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91251,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/book/1986/rabbitt-brief-history/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/book/1986/rabbitt-brief-history/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabbitt, Mary C.","contributorId":94242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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