The results of three base-flow studies conducted on Otter and Rosebud Creeks during 1977, 1978, and 1983 are summarized and compared to assess the variability of base-flow magnitude and water quality during years of widely different precipitation. Chemical analyses for springs in these basins also are presented to provide and indication of the areal and temporal variability of groundwater quality. Base-flow magnitudes in Otter and Rosebud Creeks vary considerably in response to precipitation of the previous year. Maximum observed differences in base-flow magnitudes between the study years were 3.8 cu ft/sec in Otter Creek and 53 cu ft/sec in Rosebud Creek. Predominant ions of base streamflow are sodium, magnesium, and sulfate in Otter Creek and magnesium, calcium, sodium, sulfate, and bicarbonate in Rosebud Creek. Dissolved solids concentrations varied considerably, with maximum differences between study years of about 1,200 mg/L in Otter Creek and about 3,200 mg/L in Rosebud Creek. The ionic composition of springs in the Otter and Rosebud Creek basins is generally similar to that of the streams. Dissolved solids concentrations of the springs vary largely throughout each basin; however, there was little variability between sampling years at individual springs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854302","usgsCitation":"Lambing, J., and Ferreira, R.F., 1986, Variability in base streamflow and water quality of streams and springs in Otter and Rosebud Creek basins, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4302, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854302.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4302/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159647,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4302/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415947,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36438.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Otter and Rosebud Creek basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.167,\n 46.292\n ],\n [\n -107.167,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 46.292\n ],\n [\n -107.167,\n 46.292\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602bff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambing, J. H.","contributorId":100860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferreira, R. F.","contributorId":80690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015316,"text":"70015316 - 1986 - Solubility relations in the system potassium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 75.degree.C at 1 atm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-11T20:51:04","indexId":"70015316","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2209,"text":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility relations in the system potassium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 75.degree.C at 1 atm","docAbstract":"Solubility relations in the ternary system KCl-FeCl2-H2O have been determined by means of the visual polythermal method at 1 atm from 18 to 75??C along 10 composition lines. Solubilities of sylvite were measured along five composition lines defined by mixing KCl with five aqueous FeCl2 solutions containing 10, 20, 30, 38, and 45 wt % of FeCl2, respectively. Solubilities of FeCl2??4H2O were also determined along five composition lines defined by mixing FeCl2??4H2O with five aqueous KCl solutions containing 5, 10, 14.98, 19.97, and 24.99 wt % KCl, respectively. The maximum uncertainties in these measurements are ??0.02 wt % in KCl, ??0.15 wt % in FeCl2, and ??0.15??C. The data along each composition line were regressed to a smooth curve. The maximum deviations of the measured solubilities from the smoothed curves are 0.22 wt % in KCl and 0.12 wt % in FeCl2. Isothermal solubilities of sylvite and FeCl2??4H2O were calculated from these smoothed curves at 25, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 75??C.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/je00044a007","issn":"00219568","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Phan, L., 1986, Solubility relations in the system potassium chloride-ferrous chloride-water between 25 and 75.degree.C at 1 atm: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 31, no. 2, p. 154-156, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00044a007.","startPage":"154","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269095,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00044a007"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9248e4b08c986b319deb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phan, L.D.","contributorId":107429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phan","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70136896,"text":"70136896 - 1986 - A note on the relationships between organic matter and some geotechnical properties of a marine sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T17:47:31","indexId":"70136896","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2670,"text":"Marine Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the relationships between organic matter and some geotechnical properties of a marine sediment","docAbstract":"An analysis of the relationship between organic matter and liquid and plastic limits, and grain‐specific gravity of a marine sediment was accomplished by making a stepwise adjustment in the organic content of that sediment. The sample used was from Santa Barbara Basin (off southern California) and is typical of fine‐grained marine sediments: it is a clayey silt with a common suite of minerals and other constituents. During the experiment, texture and composition (except organic content) were constant; only the quantity of natural, indigenous organic matter was changed.
\n\n
A strong linear relationship exists between the independent variable, the amount of organic carbon present in the sample, and the dependent variables. Liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index all increased with increasing organic content over the range studied (0.57–3.20% organic carbon). Grain‐specific gravity decreased. All had linear correlation coefficients (r) greater than |0.90| and r 2 values greater than 90%, except the plasticity index (83%).
\n\n
Comparing the results of regression analyses from this and several similar studies shows that although there is good qualitative agreement, there are quantitative inconsistencies. In particular there is considerable overall variability in the regression coefficients. Among studies on marine sediments the inconsistencies are less pronounced, yet still evident. The increase in liquid limit as organic carbon increased by 1 % sediment dry weight ranged from 9 to 28% water content; in the plastic limit the range was from 4 to 18%. However, in these marine studies regression coefficients are relatively close in value in some cases, levels of significance of the regressions are high in most cases, and in all cases the relationships appear to be linear over the range of organic carbon percentage studied. Finally, we believe that a relatively clear relationship between plasticity and organic carbon begins to emerge when the latter exceeds a value of 2%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10641198609388191","usgsCitation":"Taylor and Francis, 1986, A note on the relationships between organic matter and some geotechnical properties of a marine sediment: Marine Geotechnology, v. 6, no. 3, p. 281-297, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641198609388191.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"297","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b1ee4b08de9379b3259"} ,{"id":70015330,"text":"70015330 - 1986 - Determination of Ca, Mg, Na, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Li and Zn in acid mine and reference water samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T15:55:39.638845","indexId":"70015330","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3541,"text":"The Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of Ca, Mg, Na, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Li and Zn in acid mine and reference water samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometry","docAbstract":"An inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometric (ICP-AFS) method was used for the determination of nine elements in natural water. Reference and acid mine water samples were analysed by this method to demonstrate its usefulness for hydrogeochemical exploration. The elements were determined in two groups based on the compatibility of operating conditions and consideration of element abundance levels in natural water. Ca, Mg and Na were determined as a group using one set of instrumental conditions and a 1 + 99 dilution of the sample, and Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Li and Zn were determined using another set of conditions and the undiluted sample. The detection limits for the elements are as follows: Ca, 1.4; Mg, 1.7; Na, 2.0; Cd, 1.8; Cu, 6.2; Fe, 15.8; K, 3.5; Li, 0.3; and Zn, 1.2 ng ml–1. Each element has a linear range spanning about four orders of magnitude. The method has good precision and accuracy, as shown by statistics on replicate analyses and by the agreement between values obtained and those recommended for the reference water samples, and also those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry for the acid mine water samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/AN9861100645","issn":"00032654","usgsCitation":"Sanzolone, R.F., and Meier, A.L., 1986, Determination of Ca, Mg, Na, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Li and Zn in acid mine and reference water samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometry: The Analyst, v. 111, no. 6, p. 645-649, https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9861100645.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"645","endPage":"649","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff87e4b0c8380cd4f23f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014494,"text":"70014494 - 1986 - Magnesioferrite from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Caravaca, Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:39:34.50163","indexId":"70014494","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnesioferrite from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Caravaca, Spain","docAbstract":"Magnesioferrite grading toward magnetite has been identified as a very small but meaningful constituent of the basal iron-rich portion of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary clay at the Barranco del Gredero section, Caravaca, Spain. This spinel-type phase and others of the spinel group, found in K-T boundary clays at many widely separated sites, have been proposed as representing unaltered remnants of ejecta deposited from an earth-girdling dust cloud formed from the impact of an asteroid or other large bolide at the end of the Cretaceous period. The magnesioferrite occurs as euhedral, frequently skeletal, micron-sized octahedral crystals. The magnesioferrite contains29 ± 11 ppb Ir, which accounts for only part of the Ir anomaly at this K-T boundary layer(52 ± 1 ppb Ir). Major element analyses of the magnesioferrite show variable compositions. Some minor solid solution exists toward hercynite-spinel and chromite-magnesiochromite. A trevorite-nichromite (NiFe2O4-NiCr2O4) component is also present. The analyses are very similar to those reported for sites at Furlo and Petriccio, Umbria, Italy.
On the basis of the morphology and general composition of the magnesioferrite grains, rapid crystallization at high temperature is indicated, most likely directly from a vapor phase and in an environment of moderate oxygen fugacity. Elemental similarity with metallic alloy injected into rocks beneath two known impact craters suggests that part of the magnesioferrite may be derived from the vaporized chondritic bolide itself, or from the mantle; there is no supporting evidence for its derivation from crustal target rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(86)90100-7","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Bohor, B., Foord, E., and Ganapathy, R., 1986, Magnesioferrite from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Caravaca, Spain: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 81, no. 1, p. 57-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(86)90100-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225383,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b53e4b0c8380cd6946f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohor, B.F.","contributorId":96351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ganapathy, R.","contributorId":31123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganapathy","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142601,"text":"70142601 - 1986 - A new view for resource managers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:39:19","indexId":"70142601","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new view for resource managers","docAbstract":"In decades past, the rancher depended upon reports from cowboys to gather information he needed to make management decisions. Today, the vast open ranges of the cowboy era are mostly gone in the United States-fenced into pastures, paddocks, or fields that are now discrete management units. But fencing in the rangeland, while it has replaced much of the need for cowboys, has not replaced the need for information about the health and vigor of the forage on each parcel of land. Can a satellite, orbiting at more than 400 miles in space, serve this purpose? As ranchers and resource specialists are asked to make more and more complex management decisions, with less manpower for conducting inventories, they are wise to seek help in today's rapidly developing technologies. For the past few decades the range technician has accomplished most of his range assessment from a pickup truck, traveling periodically to each unit to determine its status. Now, satellite images of the Earth's resources might be able to help the modern range person do an even more efficient job of monitoring the availability of feed for livestock and wildlife. Yet some important questions need to be answered first. Can this new information source be used to evaluate the ecological condition of these lands? Or are satellite images of our Earth and its variety of landscapes just \"pretty pictures,\" with little practical utility?
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","usgsCitation":"Haas, R.H., 1986, A new view for resource managers: Rangelands, v. 8, no. 3, p. 99-102.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3901179"},{"id":298354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec429e4b02419550deba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, Robert H.","contributorId":93388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44430,"text":"wri864150 - 1986 - Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 2: Areal extent of freshwater in major aquifers of Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:13:21.862353","indexId":"wri864150","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4150","title":"Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 2: Areal extent of freshwater in major aquifers of Louisiana","docAbstract":"The areal availability of freshwater (cl content < 250 mg/L) in 14 major aquifers in Louisiana was investigated. The depth of occurrence of fresh groundwater in Louisiana is variable. The aquifers were mapped to show their areal extent from the outcrop or subcrop to the downdip limit of freshwater. Water in each aquifer becomes saline downdip; but in most areas an overlying (younger) aquifer contains freshwater. None of the major aquifer contains freshwater in northern Louisiana where the Vicksburg and Jackson groups crop out and the underlying Cockfield aquifer (Cockfield Formation) contains saline water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864150","usgsCitation":"Smoot, C.W., 1986, Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 2: Areal extent of freshwater in major aquifers of Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4150, 1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.97 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864150.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.97 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":81732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4150/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":172362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415860,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36577.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.046,\n 33.02\n ],\n [\n -94.046,\n 28.917\n ],\n [\n -88.809,\n 28.917\n ],\n [\n -88.809,\n 33.02\n ],\n [\n -94.046,\n 33.02\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63ec54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoot, Charles W.","contributorId":88398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68692,"text":"ha663 - 1986 - Description and generalized distribution of aquifer materials in the alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of California and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T20:04:50.724328","indexId":"ha663","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"663","title":"Description and generalized distribution of aquifer materials in the alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of California and New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha663","usgsCitation":"Freethey, G.W., 1986, Description and generalized distribution of aquifer materials in the alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of California and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 663, 4 Plates: 43.80 x 32.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha663.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 43.80 x 32.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414571,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16064.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":90414,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/663/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90413,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/663/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/663/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90411,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/663/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.8,\n 36.158\n ],\n [\n -115.117,\n 36.158\n ],\n [\n -115.117,\n 31.329\n ],\n [\n -107.8,\n 31.329\n ],\n [\n -107.8,\n 36.158\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freethey, Geoffrey W.","contributorId":25570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015617,"text":"70015617 - 1986 - Geochemical exploration for mineralized breccia pipes in northern Arizona, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T12:16:41.49217","indexId":"70015617","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical exploration for mineralized breccia pipes in northern Arizona, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Thousands of solution-collapse breccia pipe crop out in the canyons and on the plateaus of northern Arizona. Over 80 of these are known to contain U or Cu mineralized rock. The high-grade U ore associated with potentially economic concentrations of Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu, Co and Ni in some of these pipes has continued to stimulate mining and exploration activity in northern Arizona, despite periods of depressed U prices. Large expanses of northern Arizona are comprised of undissected high plateaus; recognition of pipes in these areas is particularly important because mining access to the plateaus is far better than to the canyons. The small size of the pipes, generally less than 600 ft (200 m) in diameter, and limited rock outcrop on the plateaus, compounds the recognition problem. Although the breccia pipes, which bottom in the Mississippian Redwall Limestone, are occasionally exposed on the plateaus as circular features, so are unmineralized near-surface collapse features that bottom in the Permian Kaibab and Toroweap Formations. The distinction between these two classes of circular features is critical during exploration for this unique type of U deposit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(86)90052-1","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Wenrich, K., 1986, Geochemical exploration for mineralized breccia pipes in northern Arizona, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 1, no. 4, p. 469-485, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(86)90052-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.67461244117791,\n 34.8976105059059\n ],\n [\n -110.76513990458763,\n 34.8976105059059\n ],\n [\n -110.76513990458763,\n 37.030572823445766\n ],\n [\n -114.67461244117791,\n 37.030572823445766\n ],\n [\n -114.67461244117791,\n 34.8976105059059\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1639e4b0c8380cd550d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenrich, K. J.","contributorId":40203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenrich","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":130,"text":"wsp2285 - 1986 - Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida; U.S. Geological Survey toxic waste-ground-water contamination program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":30809,"text":"ofr84466 - 1984 - Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida; U.S. Geological Survey toxic waste--ground-water contamination program","indexId":"ofr84466","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida; U.S. Geological Survey toxic waste--ground-water contamination program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":130,"text":"wsp2285 - 1986 - Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida; U.S. Geological Survey toxic waste-ground-water contamination program","indexId":"wsp2285","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida; U.S. Geological Survey toxic waste-ground-water contamination program"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T23:05:06.099729","indexId":"wsp2285","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2285","title":"Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida; U.S. Geological Survey toxic waste-ground-water contamination program","docAbstract":"Ground- and surface-water contamination by pesticides used in the wood-preserving industry is widespread in the United States. Pine poles were treated with wood preservatives from 1902 to 1981 at a creosote works near Pensacola, Florida. Diesel fuel, creosote, and pentachlorophenol were discharged to two unlined impoundments that had a direct hydraulic connection to the sand-and-gravel aquifer. Evidence of wood-preserving waste contamination appears to be confined to the upper 30 meters of the aquifer. The waste plume extends downgradient approximately 300 meters south toward Pensacola Bay. \r\n\r\nIn 1983, the creosote works site was selected by the U.S. Geological Survey's Office of Hazardous Waste Hydrology as a national research demonstration area to apply the latest techniques for characterizing hazardous waste problems. The multidisciplinary research effort is aimed at studying processes that affect the occurrence, transport, transformations, and fate of the toxic contaminants associated with wood preservatives in the environment. Clusters of two to five wells were constructed at different depths at nine sites to define the depth of contamination. Research studies are investigating sorption, dispersion, dilution, chemical reactions, bacterially mediated transformations, quality assurance, plume hydrodynamics, and the ultimate fate of these complex organic wastes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2285","usgsCitation":"Franks, B.J., 1986, Movement and fate of creosote waste in ground water, Pensacola, Florida; U.S. Geological Survey toxic waste-ground-water contamination program: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2285, x, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2285.","productDescription":"x, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422755,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25213.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":136121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2285/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24741,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2285/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Pensacola","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.27504451547034,\n 30.441506571364272\n ],\n [\n -87.27504451547034,\n 30.395236613856426\n ],\n [\n -87.17712308867992,\n 30.395236613856426\n ],\n [\n -87.17712308867992,\n 30.441506571364272\n ],\n [\n -87.27504451547034,\n 30.441506571364272\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mattraw, H.C. Jr.","contributorId":81957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattraw","given":"H.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749252,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Franks, Bernard J.","contributorId":106088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franks","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014569,"text":"70014569 - 1986 - Platinum-group element geochemistry of zoned ultramafic intrusive suites, Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T17:55:06.808555","indexId":"70014569","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Platinum-group element geochemistry of zoned ultramafic intrusive suites, Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon","docAbstract":"Three postorogenic Alaskan-type ultramafic to mafic intrusive suites in the Klamath Mountains, ranging in age from 142 to 163 m.y. and intruding metavolcanic, metasedimentary, or ophiolitic cumulate ultramafie to gabbroic rocks, were examined for their platinum-group element content. The Lower Coon Mountain pluton consists of layered clinopyroxene-rich lithologies occurring in chronological sequence whereas the intrusive suite at Tincup Peak consists of a cogenetic sequence of wehrlite, clinopyroxenite, magnetite clinopyroxenite, feldspathic hornblende-magnetite clinopyroxenite, dunite-olivine clinopyroxenite, and hornblende gabbro. The ultramarie-mafic intrusive suite at Chanchelulla Peak, part of the Wildwood pluton, consists predominantly of clinopyroxenite, minor interlayered dunite, and wehrlite with minor hypabyssal gabbroic rocks. Clinopyroxene compositions in the three intrusive suites are calcium rich and range from Wo (sub 54.7) -En (sub 45.1) -Fs 19 to Wo (sub 44.9) -En (sub 43.8) -Fs (sub 11.3) and resemble clinopyroxene with alkalic affinities. Olivine ranges from Fo 72 to Fo 83 and plagioclase from An 68 to An 96 . Cyclic units of layered cumulus magnetite + spinel (+ or -ilmenite) and coarse interstitial magnetite occur at Tincup Peak and Lower Coon Mountain. All three intrusive suites contain disseminated pyrrhotite + chalcopyrite + or - pentlandite, but the Chanchelulla Peak intrusive body also contains lenticular zones of disseminated to interstitial sulfides near its contact with sulfide-bearing horn-felsic rocks. Characteristics of rocks from these three Klamath Mountains Alaskan-type intrusive suites are (1) Rh contents of near or less than 1 ppb, (2) Ir and Ru contents less than 100 and 20 ppb, (3) variable Pd contents between rock units within intrusive suites and among suites, and (4) relatively similar Pt contents within intrusive suites and among suites. Concentrations of Pd average 6.3 ppb at Lower Coon Mountain, 13.7 ppb at Chanchelulla Peak, and 36.4 ppb at Tincup Peak. Cohen-corrected abundance data for individual rock units within each intrusive suite yield a Pt/(Pt + Pd) ratio that is greater in olivine-rich rocks than in clinopy-roxenite than in gabbro suggesting chemical fractionation of Pd within intrusive suites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.81.5.1252","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Gray, F., Page, N., Carlson, C., Wilson, S., and Carlson, R.R., 1986, Platinum-group element geochemistry of zoned ultramafic intrusive suites, Klamath Mountains, California and Oregon: Economic Geology, v. 81, no. 5, p. 1252-1260, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.5.1252.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1252","endPage":"1260","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c2ee4b0c8380cd79846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, F.","contributorId":87270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, N.J.","contributorId":38125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"N.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, C.A.","contributorId":85178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, S. A. 0000-0002-9468-0005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":23561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlson, R. R.","contributorId":75918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70168936,"text":"70168936 - 1986 - The Tunguska comet or the great Siberian mystery explosion of 1908","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-08T16:06:04","indexId":"70168936","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Tunguska comet or the great Siberian mystery explosion of 1908","docAbstract":"It is dawn on a June morning in Siberia in 1908. The sky is cloudless, but even in summer this part of Russia the cold at dawn takes your breath away. Fur-clad nomads are beginning to herd their sheep and goats towards lush grazing on the banks of the river-one of the thousands that drift sluggishly across Siberia's vast featureless wilderness towards the Arctic Ocean. Swans glide in the dark shallows of the river. A phalanx of ducks spears into a nearby swamp and sends up a black cloud of ferocious mosquitoes; they settle again around a herd of reindeer browsing on the river bank. Here where the tiaga, the forbidding Siberia forest, obscures the sun, the cold is a sharp as the flint in the river bed. It cuts the farmer who has just emerged from his log cabin. He halts on the steps to decide whether this first task of the day will be to mend the plough that was broken yesterday when he dug too deep and reached permanently frozen ground, or whether he will hunt for rabbit for the evening meal; instead he lights his pipe. Two families of nomads are still asleep in their tents, the air strong with the scent of wet dog as the ice melts on their furs. At a trading post, trappers squabble over the price of ermine and sable pelts. On the edge of the settlement a tramp with pots and pans jingling on his back sets off on his day's journey to the nearest village, twenty miles away. At the edge of the village, a boatman pushes off from the river bank for his first crossing of the day, the crescent-shaped hull of his boat overloaded with squawking chickens, snarling dogs and silent peasants.
\nWithout warning there is a blinding blue flash in the sky, followed by a roar and a searing blast of heat; there is a thunderous clap, the ground shudders, and this air is filled with fire, black smoke and debris.
\nThe boat disintegrates, hurling men and animals into the freezing river. The farmer's shirt is scorched off his back; the tramp is blown off his feet, his ports and pans scattering like shrapnel. One of the trappers standing in the doorway of the trading post is knocked unconscious, overcome by the searing heat; the tents of the nomads are torn loose, the men and dogs inside being rolled over the ground like leaves in a gale. All that remain of the reindeer are charred carcasses. The forest has been turning into a crackling inferno, and a black fireball rises into the air.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Spall, H., 1986, The Tunguska comet or the great Siberian mystery explosion of 1908: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 2, p. 93-97.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"97","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 91.0986328125,\n 62.471723714758724\n ],\n [\n 95.54809570312499,\n 62.54272737585266\n ],\n [\n 95.943603515625,\n 60.76989094827325\n ],\n [\n 91.483154296875,\n 60.694695372877476\n ],\n [\n 91.0986328125,\n 62.471723714758724\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e005efe4b015c306fd0faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spall, H.","contributorId":99290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168935,"text":"70168935 - 1986 - New theories about ancient extinctions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-08T15:47:07","indexId":"70168935","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New theories about ancient extinctions","docAbstract":"The abrupt disappearance of all the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago, along with perhaps half the plant species and other animals, has been one of the great geological mysteries. Clues to the cause of these extinctions have been scarce and open to many interpretations.
\nBut all this may be changing. Mass extinctions have been very much in the news in the last few years, triggered in large part by the proposal that the extinction of the dinosaurs and marine animals was caused by a catastrophic collision between the Earth and an extra-terrestrial body (bolide). Recently an equally contentious suggestion has been made that mass extinctions have swept the Earth every 26 to 31 million years for at least the last 250 million years-caused by encounters with some kind of extra-terrestrial object such as one of the asteroids or the comets.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Spall, H., 1986, New theories about ancient extinctions: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 2, p. 90-92.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e005e7e4b015c306fd0f71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spall, H.","contributorId":99290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168819,"text":"70168819 - 1986 - Cooperative earthquake research between the United States and the People’s Republic of China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-03T16:02:15","indexId":"70168819","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cooperative earthquake research between the United States and the People’s Republic of China","docAbstract":"Cooperative research by scientists of the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC) has resulted in important new finding concerning the fundamental characteristics of earthquakes and new insight into mitigating earthquake hazards. Much of the research is being conducted under the U.S State Department Protocol for Scientific and Technical Cooperation in Earthquake Studies between the PRC State Seismological Bureau (SSB) and the U.S Geological Survey and the National Science Foundation. Activites and prgoress accomplished under the protocol were the subject of two special sessions at the 1985 American Geophyiscal Union Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Russ, D.P., and Johnson, L., 1986, Cooperative earthquake research between the United States and the People’s Republic of China: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 3, p. 138-140.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"140","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d96e3de4b015c306f76451","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russ, D. P.","contributorId":38538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russ","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, L.E.","contributorId":71858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168934,"text":"70168934 - 1986 - Meteoroids and impact craters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-05T09:06:58","indexId":"70168934","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meteoroids and impact craters","docAbstract":"On a clear night scores of meteoroids streak across the sky. they leave light paths we call meteors or shooting stars as the Earth is showered with debris from distant parts of the solar system. When these meteoroids hit the Earth (as meteorites) they range in size from pebbles to the 34 ton Ahnighito meteorite that the American explorer Admiral Robert Peary discovered in Greenland. The unique importance of meteorites is that they have an extra-terrestrial origin and can provide us with direct evidence on the make-up of the solar system. They also give us clues to the origin of the solar system because they formed about 4.6 billion years ago at about the time the planets formed.
\nMany meteoroids are associted with comets; as a comet travels around the sun it leaves a trail of debris behind it and it is this debris which produces meteor showers. Other meteoroids come from the asteroid belt, a zone between Mars and Jupiter filled with thousands of dwarf worlds that failed to coalesce into planets.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Spall, H., 1986, Meteoroids and impact craters: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 2, p. 84-89.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"89","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70168934/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":361004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70168934/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e005e4e4b015c306fd0f62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spall, Henry","contributorId":77933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168678,"text":"70168678 - 1986 - The Pacific tsunami warning system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-23T16:43:09","indexId":"70168678","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Pacific tsunami warning system","docAbstract":"Of all natural disasters, tsunamis are among the most terrifying and complex phenomena, responsible for great loss of lives and vast destruction of property. Enormous destruction of coastal communities has taken place throughout the world by such great waves since the beginning of recorded history.
\nThe impact of tsunamis on human societies can be traced back in written history to 480 BC, when the Minoan civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean was wiped out by great tsunami waves generated by the volcanic explosion of the island of Santorin. In the Pacific Ocean where the majority of these waves have been generated, the historical record, although brief, shows tremendous destruction. In Japan which has one of the most populated coastal regions in the world and a long history of earthquake activity, tsunamis have destroyed entire coastal communities. There is also history of tsunami destruction in Alaska, in Hawaiian Islands, and in South America.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Pararas-Carayannis, G., 1986, The Pacific tsunami warning system: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 3, p. 122-130.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"130","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cd90ebe4b0b1892d9e8321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pararas-Carayannis, G.","contributorId":167160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pararas-Carayannis","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168810,"text":"70168810 - 1986 - Living with the earthquake risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-03T15:20:05","indexId":"70168810","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Living with the earthquake risk","docAbstract":"The principal hazards from earthquakes are surface faulting, ground failure, and ground shaking. In coastal areas tsunamis, or seismic sea waves, also are a potential hazard. We will consider each of these hazards briefly to assess their possible effects on the structures of man.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Rogers, A.M., 1986, Living with the earthquake risk: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 3, p. 113-121.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"121","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d96e56e4b015c306f7649c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, A. M.","contributorId":92251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168933,"text":"70168933 - 1986 - Halley’s comet; a benevolent visitor to Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-08T15:27:57","indexId":"70168933","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Halley’s comet; a benevolent visitor to Earth","docAbstract":"In late 1985 and early 1986 a comet was visible to the Earth that has been observed for over 2000 years. One of the most famous of celestial visitors, Comet Halley appeared last in 1910 and will not be seen again until the year 2061. the comet has been the focus of intense studies during the International Halley Watch. A fleet of Soviet, Japanese and European spacecraft was launched specifically for a direct encounter with the comet in March of this year; numerous ground-based astronomical observations are being made, while other investigations are being made from Earth-, Venus- and interplanetary-orbits. In short, Comet Halley will have been one of the most significant scientific occasions of the decade.
\nIn 1705 Edmund Halley, Professor of Geometry at Oxford University, collected and organized a mass of information on comets observed in 1531, 1607, and 1682, a task for which he had an uncommon genius. He was able to show that the comets had very similar orbits, and correctly drew the conclusion that they were the same object and more importantly that comets could therefore be periodic. He predicted that this comet would again be visible from the Earth in 1759. Since then it has been known as Halley's comet and it has played a significant role in the development of astronomy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Spall, H., 1986, Halley’s comet; a benevolent visitor to Earth: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 2, p. 98-102.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e005d3e4b015c306fd0f36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spall, H.","contributorId":99290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014844,"text":"70014844 - 1986 - Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:59:49.859181","indexId":"70014844","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays","docAbstract":"The manganese concentration in the Arundel clay formation, Prince Georges County, Maryland, was determined from a borehole by using delayed neutron activation. The neutrons were produced by a 100 mu g 252 Cf source. The 847 keV gamma ray of manganese was detected continuously, and its counting rate was measured at intervals of 15 s as the measuring sonde was moved at a rate of 0.5 cm/s. The technique measured the concentration ratio of manganese to aluminum. This ratio, when combined with an estimate of the aluminum concentration of the clay, made it possible to determine the percentage concentration of manganese without using a test-pit calibration facility. The measurements were made by using an NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and a Ge(HP) solid-state detector cooled by solid propane. A two-pass technique had to be used with the scintillation detector because Compton background from the 1 779 keV photopeak of aluminum masked the manganese line. The Compton background did not interfere when the solid-state detector was used. The borehole measurements compared favorably with a chemical core analysis and were unaffected by water in the borehole.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442075","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Mikesell, J., Senftle, F.E., Lloyd, T., Tanner, A., Merritt, C., and Force, E.R., 1986, Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays: Geophysics, v. 51, no. 12, p. 2219-2224, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442075.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2219","endPage":"2224","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f217e4b0c8380cd4afd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikesell, J.L.","contributorId":46113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikesell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lloyd, T.A.","contributorId":6600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merritt, C.T.","contributorId":63966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1014511,"text":"1014511 - 1986 - Mycoplasma contamination in fish cell lines: An evaluation of detection by differential incorporation of 3H-uridine and 14C-uracil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-02T00:02:07.500613","indexId":"1014511","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mycoplasma contamination in fish cell lines: An evaluation of detection by differential incorporation of 3H-uridine and 14C-uracil","docAbstract":"Differential incorporation of uridine and uracil was used to assay for mycoplasma contamination in five fish cell lines: bluegill fry (BF-2), chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214), epithelioma papillosum cyprini (EPC), fathead minnow (FHM) and rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2). The method was not suitable for monitoring BF-2, CHSE-214, FHM, and RTG-2 cell lines because they incorporated uracil. Differential incorporation of uridine and uracil may be applicable for screening EPC cells because only this cell line could distinguish cultures experimentally infected with Mycoplasma orale from cultures known to be free from microbial contaminants.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.1986.tb00990.x","usgsCitation":"Schultz, C.L., Lidgerding, B.C., McAllister, P.E., and Hetrick, F.M., 1986, Mycoplasma contamination in fish cell lines: An evaluation of detection by differential incorporation of 3H-uridine and 14C-uracil: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 9, no. 2, p. 117-122, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1986.tb00990.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698aa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, C. L.","contributorId":24308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidgerding, B. C.","contributorId":8028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidgerding","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hetrick, F. M.","contributorId":74337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hetrick","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014829,"text":"70014829 - 1986 - A united physicochemical description of the protonation and metal ion complexation equilibria of natural organic acids (humic and fulvic acids). 2. Influence of polyelectrolyte properties and functional group heterogeneity on the protonation equilibria of fulvic acid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T16:04:52.082816","indexId":"70014829","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A united physicochemical description of the protonation and metal ion complexation equilibria of natural organic acids (humic and fulvic acids). 2. Influence of polyelectrolyte properties and functional group heterogeneity on the protonation equilibria of fulvic acid","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00146a007","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ephraim, J., Alegret, S., Mathuthu, A., Bicking, M., Malcolm, R., and Marinsky, J., 1986, A united physicochemical description of the protonation and metal ion complexation equilibria of natural organic acids (humic and fulvic acids). 2. Influence of polyelectrolyte properties and functional group heterogeneity on the protonation equilibria of fulvic acid: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 20, no. 4, p. 354-366, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00146a007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"366","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e60ce4b0c8380cd47123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ephraim, J.","contributorId":10937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ephraim","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alegret, S.","contributorId":24104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alegret","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mathuthu, A.","contributorId":38718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathuthu","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bicking, M.","contributorId":53534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bicking","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marinsky, J.A.","contributorId":42706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinsky","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70014503,"text":"70014503 - 1986 - NEW STUDIES OF URBAN FLOOD FREQUENCY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014503","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NEW STUDIES OF URBAN FLOOD FREQUENCY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES.","docAbstract":"Five reports dealing with flood magnitude and frequency in urban areas in the southeastern United States have been published during the past 2 years by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). These reports are based on data collected in Tampa and Tallahassee, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; and several cities in Alabama and Tennessee. Each report contains regression equations useful for estimating flood peaks for selected recurrence intervals at ungauged urban sites. A nationwide study of urban flood characteristics by the USGS published in 1983 contains equations for estimating urban peak discharges for ungauged sites. At the time that the nationwide study was conducted, data from only 35 sites in the southeastern United States were available. The five new reports contain data for 88 additional sites. These new data show that the seven-parameter estimating equations developed in the nationwide study are unbiased and have prediction errors less than those described in the nationwide report.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transportation Research Record","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03611981","usgsCitation":"Sauer, V.B., 1986, NEW STUDIES OF URBAN FLOOD FREQUENCY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES.: Transportation Research Record, p. 10-15.","startPage":"10","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6146e4b0c8380cd718b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, Vernon B.","contributorId":92645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015682,"text":"70015682 - 1986 - Suspended sediment transport in an estuarine tidal channel within San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T14:31:26","indexId":"70015682","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended sediment transport in an estuarine tidal channel within San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"A recently developed instrumentation system has been used to monitor simultaneously flow conditions and suspended sediment distribution in the bottom boundary layer of a tidal channel within San Francisco Bay, California. Measurements were made every 15 min over six successive flood and ebb tidal cycles. They included mean velocity profiles from four electromagnetic current meters within 1 m of the seabed; mean suspended sediment concentration profiles from seven miniature nephelometers placed within 1 m of the seabed; near-bottom pressure fluctuations; vertical temperature gradient; and bottom photographs. Additionally, suspended sediment was sampled from four levels within 1 m of the seabed three times during the tidal cycle. The instrument system was retrieved during each slack water period to exchange suspended sediment sample bags. While the instrument was deployed STD-nephelometer measurements were made thoughout the water column and water samples were collected each 1-h and bottom sediment was sampled at the deployment site.
\nSize distributions of the suspended sediment samples, estimates of particle settling velocity (??s), friction velocity (U*), and reference concentration (Ca) at z = 20 cm were used in the suspended sediment distribution equations to evaluate their ability to predict the observed suspended sediment profiles. Three suspended sediment particle conditions were evaluated: (1) individual particle sizes in the 4-11 ?? (62.5-0.5 ??m) size range with the reference concentration Ca at z = 20 cm (C??); (2) individual particle sizes in the 4-6 ?? size range, flocs representing the 7-11 ?? size range with the reference concentration Ca at z = 20 cm (Cf); and (3) individual particle sizes in the 4-6 ?? size range, flocs representing the 7-11 ?? size range with the reference concentration predicted as a function of the bed sediment size distribution and the square of the excess shear stress. An analysis was also carried out on the sensitivity of the suspended sediment distribution equation to deviations in the primary variables ??s, U*, and Ca. In addition, computations of mass flux were made in order to show vertical variations in mass flux for varying flow conditions. ?? 1986.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(86)90072-1","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Sternberg, R., Cacchione, D., Drake, D., and Kranck, K., 1986, Suspended sediment transport in an estuarine tidal channel within San Francisco Bay, California: Marine Geology, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 237-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90072-1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.44571685791014,\n 37.87647939392142\n ],\n [\n -122.44571685791014,\n 37.93174204861116\n ],\n [\n -122.3598861694336,\n 37.93174204861116\n ],\n [\n -122.3598861694336,\n 37.87647939392142\n ],\n [\n -122.44571685791014,\n 37.87647939392142\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba307e4b08c986b31fb28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sternberg, R.W.","contributorId":90872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kranck, K.","contributorId":69708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kranck","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":85380,"text":"85380 - 1986 - Evaluation of a mallard productivity model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:51:48","indexId":"85380","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evaluation of a mallard productivity model","docAbstract":"A stochastic model of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) productivity has been developed over a 10-year period and successfully applied to several management questions. Here we review the model and describe some recent uses and improvements that increase its realism and applicability, including naturally occurring changes in wetland habitat, catastrophic weather events, and the migrational homing of mallards. The amount of wetland habitat influenced productivity primarily by affecting the renesting rate. Late snowstorms severely reduced productivity, whereas the loss of nests due to flooding was largely compensated for by increased renesting, often in habitats where hatching rates were better. Migrational homing was shown to be an important phenomenon in population modeling and should be considered when evaluating management plans.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2000: modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., Cowardin, L., and Sparling, D.W., 1986, Evaluation of a mallard productivity model, chap. of Wildlife 2000: modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates, p. 23-29.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627b54","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Verner, J.","contributorId":112897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504457,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, L.M.","contributorId":113752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504458,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ralph, C.J.","contributorId":38252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504456,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015678,"text":"70015678 - 1986 - Isotopic variation in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, central Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70015678","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic variation in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, central Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Granitoid rocks of the compositionally zoned Late Cretaceous Toulumne Intrusive Suite in the central Sierra Nevada, California, have initial87Sr/86Sr values (Sri) and143Nd/144Nd values (Ndi) that vary from 0.7057 to 0.7067 and from 0.51239 to 0.51211 respectively. The observed variation of both Sri and Ndi and of chemical composition in rocks of the suite cannot be due to crystal fractionation of magma solely under closed system conditons. The largest variation in chemistry, Ndi, and Sri is present in the outer-most equigranular units of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite. Sri varies positively with SiO2, Na2O, K2O, and Rb concentrations, and negatively with Ndi, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, FeO, CaO, MnO, P2O5, TiO2, and Sr concentrations. This covariation of Sri, Ndi and chemistry can be modeled by a process of simple mixing of basaltic and granitic magmas having weight percent SiO2 of 48.0 and 73.3 respectively. Isotopic characteristic of the mafic magma are Sri=0.7047, Ndi=0.51269 and ??18O=6.0, and of the felsic magma are Sri=0.7068, Ndi=0.51212 and ??18O=8.9. The rocks sampled contain from 50 to 80% of the felsic component. An aplite in the outer equigranular unit of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite apparently was derived by fractional crystallization of plagioclase and hornblende from magma with granudiorite composition that was a product of mixing of the magmas described above. Siliceous magmas derived from the lower crust, having a maximum of 15 percent mantle-derived mafic component, are represented by the inner prophyritic units of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00592937","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., Chappell, B.W., Peck, D., and Bateman, P.C., 1986, Isotopic variation in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, central Sierra Nevada, California: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 94, no. 2, p. 205-220, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00592937.","startPage":"205","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00592937"},{"id":223732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fbfe4b0c8380cd647a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chappell, B. W.","contributorId":72444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chappell","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, D. L.","contributorId":53784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bateman, P. C.","contributorId":27851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}