A microcomputer coupled to a video digitizer was used to develop methods for measuring areas of tree rings and for delineating and measuring microscopic anatomical features. Digitally imaged areas of individual rings of a loblolly pine cross section were within 2.6% of areas measured with a planimeter and were more accurate than areas calculated from radius widths. Various anatomical features were \"mapped\" within digitized images of consecutive rings, individual rings, and highly magnified parts of the rings of green ash. Fibers within various ring zones, including those known to have formed when trees were flooded, were readily differentiated on the basis of image brightness. The image-determined ratio of lumen to wall material within different groups of fibers was considered a measure of structural comparability. These techniques thus provide a rapid, accurate method to study relationships between tree rings and factors affecting their development. Methods could be improved by increasing both spatial and brightness resolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/b86-382","usgsCitation":"Yanosky, T.M., and Robinove, C.J., 1986, Digital image measurement of the area and anatomical structure of tree rings: Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 64, no. 12, p. 2896-2902, https://doi.org/10.1139/b86-382.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2896","endPage":"2902","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1953e4b02ff32c699ccd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yanosky, Thomas M.","contributorId":40589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015712,"text":"70015712 - 1986 - Late-Wisconsin paleohydrology of the West-Central Amargosa Desert, Nevada, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T01:05:54.787117","indexId":"70015712","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1214,"text":"Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-Wisconsin paleohydrology of the West-Central Amargosa Desert, Nevada, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Studies of isotopes in groundwater using 14C, 2H (deuterium) and 18O have provided significant insight into the paleoclimate of middle and late Wisconsin age in a typical arid environment of southern Nevada, the west-central Amargosa Desert. Evidence indicates that recharge probably was through infiltration of runoff in paleostream channels and that this runoff was important only from ∼ 17,000 to ∼ 10,000 yr. B.P. Mean annual temperature at 17,000 yr. B.P. was ∼ 8°C less than present mean annual temperature; some summer moisture was effective in recharge. Winter (October–May) temperature at ∼ 10,000 yr. B.P. was ∼ 1°C less than present; summer moisture did not contribute to recharge.
A recently discovered ore-grade accumulation of U in organic-rich sediments of late Quaternary age provides an opportunity for studying the early association of U, U-daughters, and organic matter in a natural setting. The U occurs in valley-fill sediments of peat, peaty clay, silt, and sand along the north fork of Flodelle Creek, Stevens County, Washington. Radiometric techniques (delayed neutron, high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry, thin-source alpha spectrometry) were employed to determine the abundance and distribution of U-series nuclides, the extent of secular equilibrium within the U decay series, and the apparent U-series ages of U incorporation.
Sixteen lithologically distinct intervals were sampled from a 292 cm core. Uranium contents range from 140 to 2790 ppm and are positively correlated with organic contents. Measured alpha activity ratios of 234U/238U (1.31–1.38) are very similar to those reported in coexisting waters, suggesting a rather constant isotopic composition of introduced U. Much lower Th contents of <10–40 ppm are controlled by the type and abundance of silicate detritus. The youth of the host sediments (<15 000 a) and the paucity of associated radioactivity suggested large excesses of U relative to radioactive daughters and such excesses were observed, particularly in the shallowest intervals. Apparent ages of U emplacement determined by the (alpha) activity ratio of 230Th daughter to 234U parent show a general increase with depth and fair agreement with estimated depositional ages. This observation suggests dominantly syndepositional or early post depositional emplacement of U followed by decay-generated buildup of 230Th daughter with time. However, interval by interval comparisons of the relative abundances of other daughters, particularly 226Ra and 210Pb, indicate variability caused by processes other than closed-system growth and decay, probably because chemically diverse daughters that are decay-generated in situ have differing mobilities and because upwelling ground water continuously adds more U and minor amounts of daughters. If 230Th is considered the least susceptible to these modifications, the data suggest some addition of 234U in the deepest intervals and some loss of 226Ra and/or gain of 222Rn throughout the studied core.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(86)90055-7","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Bush, C.A., and Rosholt, J., 1986, Uranium series disequilibrium in a young surficial uranium deposit, northeastern Washington, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 1, no. 4, p. 503-511, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(86)90055-7.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224437,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.05050660778001,\n 49.00261108256012\n ],\n [\n -119.37861946664799,\n 49.00261108256012\n ],\n [\n -119.37861946664799,\n 47.71849255236455\n ],\n [\n -117.05050660778001,\n 47.71849255236455\n ],\n [\n -117.05050660778001,\n 49.00261108256012\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdd5e4b08c986b32925c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, C. A.","contributorId":43344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosholt, J.N.","contributorId":37749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001567,"text":"1001567 - 1986 - Patterns and causes of change in a cliff swallow colony during a 17-year period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T09:27:45","indexId":"1001567","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns and causes of change in a cliff swallow colony during a 17-year period","docAbstract":"The number of cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonata) nests at a farmstead in southeastern North Dakota increased at an average annual rate of 87% with house sparrow (Passer domesticus) removal during 1957-60 and 1970-72. Harassment of nesting cliff swallows by house sparrows, adult swallow mortality from cold weather in late May, and collapse of nests were the principal observed factors limiting swallow population growth during a 17-year period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., 1986, Patterns and causes of change in a cliff swallow colony during a 17-year period: Prairie Naturalist, v. 18, no. 2, p. 109-114.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Dickey","otherGeospatial":"Dickey County, southeastern North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.009,46.2814],[-98.0095,45.9355],[-98.164,45.9356],[-98.1849,45.9355],[-98.3472,45.9355],[-98.3537,45.9355],[-98.7267,45.9373],[-98.7273,45.9373],[-99.0021,45.9393],[-99.0054,45.9393],[-99.0073,46.0262],[-99.0061,46.1132],[-99.0054,46.2002],[-99.0049,46.2822],[-98.9154,46.2821],[-98.7878,46.2805],[-98.755,46.281],[-98.6622,46.2812],[-98.5359,46.2817],[-98.5024,46.2808],[-98.2859,46.2816],[-98.2524,46.2815],[-98.1616,46.2818],[-98.1314,46.2813],[-98.0366,46.2809],[-98.009,46.2814]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dickey\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186156,"text":"70186156 - 1986 - Influence of irrigation on salinity and nitrate in a stream-aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-10T00:23:04.002979","indexId":"70186156","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Influence of irrigation on salinity and nitrate in a stream-aquifer system","docAbstract":"Changes in salinity and nitrate concentration in groundwater and surface water in the semiarid Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado, USA were related primarily to irrigation practices. Water is applied to fields by flood irrigation through ditches and furrows. Irrigation water is derived in nearly equal amounts from surface water and groundwater pumped from the shallow alluvial aquifer.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conjunctive water use: understanding and managing surfacewater-groundwater interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences","conferenceDate":"July 1986","conferenceLocation":"Budapest, Hungary","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Person, M., 1986, Influence of irrigation on salinity and nitrate in a stream-aquifer system, in Conjunctive water use: understanding and managing surfacewater-groundwater interactions, v. 156, Budapest, Hungary, July 1986, p. 217-229.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1954e4b02ff32c699cd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Person, M.A.","contributorId":91108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186158,"text":"70186158 - 1986 - Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:34:09","indexId":"70186158","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5355,"text":"Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","docAbstract":"Water budget and isotopic analyses of water in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system confirm that most, if not all, of the water is local meteoric in origin. Solute mass-balance arguments suggest that ∼5 × 109 moles of calcite and 2.6 × 109 moles of silica are precipitated annually in the aquifer. Isotopic evaluations of calcite and petrographic observation of silica support the low-temperature origin of these deposits. Approximately 2.8 × 109 moles of chloride, 4.5 × 109 moles of sodium, 1.4 × 109 moles of sulfate, and 2 × 109 moles of magnesium are removed annually from the aquifer framework by solution. Proposed weathering reactions are shown to be consistent with mass balance, carbon isotopes, observed mineralogy, and chemical thermodynamics. Large quantities of sodium, chloride, and sulfate are being removed from the system relative to their abundances in the rock. Sedimentary interbeds, which are estimated to compose <10% of the aquifer volume, may yield as much as 20% of the solutes generated within the aquifer. Weathering rate of the aquifer framework of the eastern Snake River Plain is 14 (Mg/km2)/yr or less than half the average of the North American continent. This contrasts with the rate for the eastern Snake River basin, 34 (Mg/km2)/yr, which is almost identical to the average for the North American continent. Identification and quantification of reactions controlling solute concentrations in ground water in the eastern plain indicate that the aquifer is not an “inert bathtub” that simply stores and transmits water and solutes but is undergoing active diagenesis and is both a source and sink for solutes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1456:AGADIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Low, W.H., 1986, Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho: Bulletin, v. 97, no. 12, p. 1456-1466, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1456:AGADIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1456","endPage":"1466","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1953e4b02ff32c699ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Low, Walton H.","contributorId":92672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Walton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014844,"text":"70014844 - 1986 - Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:59:49.859181","indexId":"70014844","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays","docAbstract":"The manganese concentration in the Arundel clay formation, Prince Georges County, Maryland, was determined from a borehole by using delayed neutron activation. The neutrons were produced by a 100 mu g 252 Cf source. The 847 keV gamma ray of manganese was detected continuously, and its counting rate was measured at intervals of 15 s as the measuring sonde was moved at a rate of 0.5 cm/s. The technique measured the concentration ratio of manganese to aluminum. This ratio, when combined with an estimate of the aluminum concentration of the clay, made it possible to determine the percentage concentration of manganese without using a test-pit calibration facility. The measurements were made by using an NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and a Ge(HP) solid-state detector cooled by solid propane. A two-pass technique had to be used with the scintillation detector because Compton background from the 1 779 keV photopeak of aluminum masked the manganese line. The Compton background did not interfere when the solid-state detector was used. The borehole measurements compared favorably with a chemical core analysis and were unaffected by water in the borehole.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442075","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Mikesell, J., Senftle, F.E., Lloyd, T., Tanner, A., Merritt, C., and Force, E.R., 1986, Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays: Geophysics, v. 51, no. 12, p. 2219-2224, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442075.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2219","endPage":"2224","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f217e4b0c8380cd4afd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikesell, J.L.","contributorId":46113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikesell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lloyd, T.A.","contributorId":6600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merritt, C.T.","contributorId":63966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70014491,"text":"70014491 - 1986 - Applications of Landsat data and the data base approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:38:46","indexId":"70014491","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of Landsat data and the data base approach","docAbstract":"A generalized methodology for applying digital Landsat data to resource inventory and assessment tasks is currently being used by several bureaux and agencies within the US Department of the Interior. The methodology includes definition of project objectives and output, identification of source materials, construction of the digital data base, performance of computer-assisted analyses, and generation of output. The USGS, Bureau of Land Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Reclamation, and National Park Service have used this generalized methodology to assemble comprehensive digital data bases for resource management. Advanced information processing techniques have been applied to these data bases for making regional environmental surveys on millions of acres of public lands at costs ranging from $0.01 to $0.08 an acre.-Author","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lauer, D.T., 1986, Applications of Landsat data and the data base approach: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 52, no. 8, p. 1193-1199.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1199","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc4e4b0c8380cd4948d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lauer, D. T.","contributorId":47907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014493,"text":"70014493 - 1986 - Coincidence and spatial variability of geology, soils, and vegetation, Mill Run watershed, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:12:19","indexId":"70014493","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coincidence and spatial variability of geology, soils, and vegetation, Mill Run watershed, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Mill Run watershed is a structurally‐controlled synclinal basin on the eastern limb of the Massanutten Mountain complex of northwestern Virginia. Bedrock contacts are obscured by coarse sandstone debris from exposures near basin divides. Colluvium blankets more than half the basin, masking geomorphic surfaces, affecting vegetation patterns, and contributing to the convexity of the alluvial, terrace, pediment and erosion surfaces. Examination of the bedrock geology, geomorphology, soils and vegetation shows distinct distributional correspondences. Vegetation is strongly interdependent with geomorphology, bedrock geology, and soils. On convex colluvial slopes, mixed hardwood forests are most common. In concave coves and deep gorges, mixed hardwoods are replaced by conifers. In thin colluvium, in poorly developed soils, and on blockfields, chestnut oak is singularly prevalent. Conifers dominate shaley bedrock areas. Soils and surficial sediments have a major effect on near‐surface hydrology. During wet seasons, cemented horizons in the subsurface cause temporary saturation in the superjacent horizons; lateral movement of soil‐water effectively eliminates a vertical component of ground‐water recharge. Vegetation is strongly dependent on water availability and thus reflects the distribution of subsurface barriers and sediment‐soil fades changes.
Stable and declining oil and gas prices have changed the industry's price expectations and, along with depletion of promising exploration prospects, has resulted in reduced exploration. Even with intensive additional exploration, production in most U.S. areas is expected to decline. What does this imply for the drilling and petroleum industry suppliers in particular regions? How should planners in government and the private sector project and incorporate the consequences of these changes in their strategies? This paper answers these questions for the industry operating in the offshore Gulf of Mexico. Future oil and gas production, as well as demand for offshore drilling and production facilities, are shown to depend on the size distribution of undiscovered fields, their associated production costs, and oil and gas prices. Declining well productivity is a consequence of development of progressively smaller fields so that long-run drilling demand should not decline in proportion to the expected production decline. Calculations show a substantial payoff to the drilling industry, in terms of potential demand increases, if it can develop and implement cost reducing technologies. Implications of these results for other offshore producing areas such as the North Sea are also discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0038-0121(86)90037-6","issn":"00380121","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., 1986, Regional resource depletion and industry activity: The case of oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico: Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, v. 20, no. 5, p. 283-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(86)90037-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a550e4b0e8fec6cdbdee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014829,"text":"70014829 - 1986 - A united physicochemical description of the protonation and metal ion complexation equilibria of natural organic acids (humic and fulvic acids). 2. Influence of polyelectrolyte properties and functional group heterogeneity on the protonation equilibria of fulvic acid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T16:04:52.082816","indexId":"70014829","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A united physicochemical description of the protonation and metal ion complexation equilibria of natural organic acids (humic and fulvic acids). 2. Influence of polyelectrolyte properties and functional group heterogeneity on the protonation equilibria of fulvic acid","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00146a007","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ephraim, J., Alegret, S., Mathuthu, A., Bicking, M., Malcolm, R., and Marinsky, J., 1986, A united physicochemical description of the protonation and metal ion complexation equilibria of natural organic acids (humic and fulvic acids). 2. Influence of polyelectrolyte properties and functional group heterogeneity on the protonation equilibria of fulvic acid: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 20, no. 4, p. 354-366, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00146a007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"366","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e60ce4b0c8380cd47123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ephraim, J.","contributorId":10937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ephraim","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alegret, S.","contributorId":24104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alegret","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mathuthu, A.","contributorId":38718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathuthu","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bicking, M.","contributorId":53534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bicking","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marinsky, J.A.","contributorId":42706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinsky","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70014474,"text":"70014474 - 1986 - Chemical variability in the Sacramento River and in Northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:29:35.459269","indexId":"70014474","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical variability in the Sacramento River and in Northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Specific conductance and concentrations of alkalinity, dissolved silica, nitrate, and ammonium were measured daily in the Sacramento River flow to northern San Francisco Bay during the rainfall seasons of 1983 and 1984 (high flow) and during late summer and early fall of 1984 (low flow). Flow and concentrations of chemical species varied in response to storm events during high flow, but flow was more variable than concentrations of chemical species. Runoff from agriculturally developed areas appeared to increase specific conductance and concentrations of alkalinity during high flow. During low flow, inputs of agricultural tailwaters caused variations in concentrations of alkalinity and dissolved silica. Dilution of municipal waste by river flow caused variability in concentrations of ammonium during both high flow and low flow. Distributions of alkalinity, dissolved silica, nitrate, and ammonium were measured in northern San Francisco Bay during late summer and fall of 1984. Changes in distributions of alkalinity in the estuary were caused by variations in alkalinity in the Sacramento River. Changes in distributions of dissolved silica, nitrate, and ammonium appeared to be primarily related to variations in supply by the river and removal by phytoplankton. Effects of removal by phytoplankton were large for ammonium and dissolved silica, but appeared relatively small for nitrate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352099","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L., and Hager, S., 1986, Chemical variability in the Sacramento River and in Northern San Francisco Bay: Estuaries, v. 9, no. 4, p. 270-283, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352099.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River, Northern San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 37.57505900514996\n ],\n [\n -121.058349609375,\n 37.57505900514996\n ],\n [\n -121.058349609375,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 37.57505900514996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f598e4b0c8380cd4c2e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168493,"text":"70168493 - 1986 - Volcanoes and atmospheres; catastrophic influences on the planets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:35:52","indexId":"70168493","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanoes and atmospheres; catastrophic influences on the planets","docAbstract":"For a rare and brief instant in geologic time, we can imagine that the sulfurous, chromatic surface of Io (one of the satellites of Jupiter) lies quiet. Perhaps stars glisten brilliantly through the tenuous nigh sky. Here and there, thick icy fogs enshroud fumaroles where sulfur dioxide leaks from the underworld. Suddenly, a fissure splits the surface and billowing clouds of sulfurous gases and ice hurl orange and black ash into the atmosphere. Minute by minute, the intensity of the eruption builds; stars begin disappearing from the night sky. The rising plume inhales the nearby atmosphere, mixing it with the exhalations from the volcano. Particles of sulfur, sulfur dioxide snow and ash rise to 300 kilometers, later raining down across the planet a thousand kilometers away.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, S.W., 1986, Volcanoes and atmospheres; catastrophic influences on the planets: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 2, p. 76-83.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c4565ce4b0946c652185f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, S. W.","contributorId":19186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44429,"text":"wri864149 - 1986 - Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 1: Mean annual runoff in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:06:49.566693","indexId":"wri864149","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4149","title":"Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 1: Mean annual runoff in Louisiana","docAbstract":"The map shows the mean annual runoff from drainage basins in Louisiana exclusive of those in the coastal zone and the alluvial valleys of the Mississippi, Ouachita, and Red Rivers. The mean annual runoff for the State of Louisiana varies from 0.7 (cu ft/s)/sq mi in the Sabine and Red River basins to >2.0 (cu ft/s)/sq mi in the upper reaches of the Mermentau River. Factors that account for the three-fold variation in runoff across Louisiana include regional differences in rainfall, varying physical characteristics of the land, and differing land use patterns. The mean annual runoff was determined on the basis of continuing measurements of stage and discharge of uncontrolled streams. The periods of record from the 88 stations shown on the map vary from 5 to 25 yr. The 88 stations were grouped into seven categories of runoff. The boundaries for each region generally correspond to drainage boundaries or physiographic boundaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864149","usgsCitation":"McWreath, H.C., and Lowe, A.S., 1986, Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 1: Mean annual runoff in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4149, 1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.87 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864149.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.87 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415859,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36576.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":81731,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4149/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.046,\n 33.02\n ],\n [\n -94.0461,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -88.809,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -88.809,\n 33.02\n ],\n [\n -94.046,\n 33.02\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643f04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McWreath, Harry C. III","contributorId":26191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWreath","given":"Harry","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, Alfred S.","contributorId":74820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015596,"text":"70015596 - 1986 - SALTWATER INTRUSION IN A HIGHLY TRANSMISSIVE UNCONFINED AQUIFER.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015596","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SALTWATER INTRUSION IN A HIGHLY TRANSMISSIVE UNCONFINED AQUIFER.","docAbstract":"Saltwater intrusion is particularly dynamic in coastal Dade County because of the high permeability of the Biscayne aquifer, because of the good interconnection between canals and the aquifer, and because of the seasonal rainfall. The problem is accentuated as urban growth continues to encroach on inland wetland areas which results in lowered inland water levels. This lowering reduces the seaward freshwater hydraulic gradient and the freshwater head at the coast, both of which govern the intrusion of saltwater.","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872625451","usgsCitation":"Waller, B.G., 1986, SALTWATER INTRUSION IN A HIGHLY TRANSMISSIVE UNCONFINED AQUIFER., Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 97-104.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaef5e4b0c8380cd872ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Bradley G.","contributorId":83492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014563,"text":"70014563 - 1986 - FUNDAMENTAL MODAL BEHAVIOR OF AN EARTHQUAKE-EXCITED BRIDGE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70014563","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"FUNDAMENTAL MODAL BEHAVIOR OF AN EARTHQUAKE-EXCITED BRIDGE.","docAbstract":"The magnitude 6. 1 Morgan Hill, California, earthquake of April 24, 1984, produced a set of acceleration records at the freeway overpass in San Jose carrying I-280/I-680 across U. S. 101, 12 km from the epicenter. Peak accelerations reached 0. 10 g at ground level and 0. 16 g in the box girder. The integrated displacements at frequencies higher than 3 Hz permit the identification of the fundamental modes and frequencies. The horizontal modes have frequencies of 308 and 3. 9 Hz and include ground level motions up to 90% of peak deck motion. The soil-structure system contributes to these modes.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering.","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Inst","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA, USA","isbn":"0943198070","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., and Çelebi, M., 1986, FUNDAMENTAL MODAL BEHAVIOR OF AN EARTHQUAKE-EXCITED BRIDGE., Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering., Charleston, SC, USA, p. 2225-2235.","startPage":"2225","endPage":"2235","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e85e4b0c8380cd534cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, A. G.","contributorId":61794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014547,"text":"70014547 - 1986 - Color images of Kansas subsurface geology from well logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:39:07","indexId":"70014547","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Color images of Kansas subsurface geology from well logs","docAbstract":"Modern wireline log combinations give highly diagnostic information that goes beyond the basic shale content, pore volume, and fluid saturation of older logs. Pattern recognition of geology from logs is made conventionally through either the examination of log overlays or log crossplots. Both methods can be combined through the use of color as a medium of information by setting the three color primaries of blue, green, and red light as axes of three dimensional color space. Multiple log readings of zones are rendered as composite color mixtures which, when plotted sequentially with depth, show lithological successions in a striking manner. The method is extremely simple to program and display on a color monitor. Illustrative examples are described from the Kansas subsurface. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(86)90066-X","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Collins, D., and Doveton, J., 1986, Color images of Kansas subsurface geology from well logs: Computers & Geosciences, v. 12, no. 4, p. 519-526, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(86)90066-X.","startPage":"519","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266184,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(86)90066-X"},{"id":226093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7bce4b0c8380cd4cc9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, D.R.","contributorId":72128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doveton, J.H.","contributorId":30237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doveton","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015326,"text":"70015326 - 1986 - Gas analyses from the Pu'u O'o eruption in 1985, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015326","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas analyses from the Pu'u O'o eruption in 1985, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Volcanic gas samples were collected from July to November 1985 from a lava pond in the main eruptive conduit of Pu'u O'o from a 2-week-long fissure eruption and from a minor flank eruption of Pu'u O'o. The molecular composition of these gases is consistent with thermodynamic equilibrium at a temperature slightly less than measured lava temperatures. Comparison of these samples with previous gas samples shows that the composition of volatiles in the magma has remained constant over the 3-year course of this episodic east rift eruption of Kilauea volcano. The uniformly carbon depleted nature of these gases is consistent with previous suggestions that all east rift eruptive magmas degas during prior storage in the shallow summit reservoir of Kilauea. Minor compositional variations within these gas collections are attributed to the kinetics of the magma degassing process. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01074465","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Greenland, L., 1986, Gas analyses from the Pu'u O'o eruption in 1985, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 48, no. 6, p. 341-348, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01074465.","startPage":"341","endPage":"348","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01074465"},{"id":223871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14bde4b0c8380cd54b43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenland, L. P.","contributorId":56368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenland","given":"L. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014559,"text":"70014559 - 1986 - Late Cretaceous stratigraphy, deformation and intrusion in the Madison Range of southwestern Montana ( USA).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014559","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cretaceous stratigraphy, deformation and intrusion in the Madison Range of southwestern Montana ( USA).","docAbstract":"Dating of orogenic rock units in the central part of the Madison Range shows that Laramide deformation was virtually completed by the end of the Cretaceous. Early Campanian K-Ar dates of about 79 m.y. were obtained from welded tuffs in the basal part of the Livingston Formation, a volcanic and volcaniclastic assemblage that is conformable with underlying Cretaceous clastic rocks and with the overlying Sphinx Conglomerate. The Sphinx and the Livingston were deformed by the Hilgard fault system which extends along the western side of the southern two-thirds of the range. This north-trending fault system represents the culmination of Laramide shortening within the range. Dating of hornblende indicates an approximate date of 68-69 m.y. B.P. for emplacement of the igneous suite. The dacite postdates movement along faults of the Hilgard fault system, and postdates the synorogenic Sphinx Conglomerate. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Tysdal, R.G., Marvin, R.F., and Dewitt, E., 1986, Late Cretaceous stratigraphy, deformation and intrusion in the Madison Range of southwestern Montana ( USA).: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 7, p. 859-868.","startPage":"859","endPage":"868","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44d9e4b0c8380cd66e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tysdal, R. G.","contributorId":8823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin, R. F.","contributorId":60597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dewitt, E.","contributorId":108257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewitt","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014951,"text":"70014951 - 1986 - Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 1. Estimation techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T08:40:00","indexId":"70014951","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 1. Estimation techniques","docAbstract":"A recurring difficulty encountered in investigations of many metals and organic contaminants in ambient waters is that a substantial portion of water sample concentrations are below limits of detection established by analytical laboratories. Several methods were evaluated for estimating distributional parameters for such censored data sets using only uncensored observations. Their reliabilities were evaluated by a Monte Carlo experiment in which small samples were generated from a wide range of parent distributions and censored at varying levels. Eight methods were used to estimate the mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range. Criteria were developed, based on the distribution of uncensored observations, for determining the best performing parameter estimation method for any particular data set. The most robust method for minimizing error in censored-sample estimates of the four distributional parameters over all simulation conditions was the log-probability regression method. With this method, censored observations are assumed to follow the zero-to-censoring level portion of a lognormal distribution obtained by a least squares regression between logarithms of uncensored concentration observations and their z scores. When method performance was separately evaluated for each distributional parameter over all simulation conditions, the log-probability regression method still had the smallest errors for the mean and standard deviation, but the lognormal maximum likelihood method had the smallest errors for the median and interquartile range. When data sets were classified prior to parameter estimation into groups reflecting their probable parent distributions, the ranking of estimation methods was similar, but the accuracy of error estimates was markedly improved over those without classification.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i002p00135","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., and Helsel, D., 1986, Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 1. Estimation techniques: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 135-146, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i002p00135.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b83e4b0c8380cd52761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003153,"text":"1003153 - 1986 - An integrated system for treating nitrogen supersaturated water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T15:56:18.635662","indexId":"1003153","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated system for treating nitrogen supersaturated water","docAbstract":"Groundwater is commonly supersaturated with nitrogen and must be treated before it is used for culturing fish–especially sensitive species such as lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We treated water with an integrated system that passed water through a packed column aerator, then through a vacuum degasser, and finally through another packed column aerator (installed as a backup system). Packed‐column aeration prior to vacuum degassing provided increased efficiency because only a small amount of vacuum was required to remove the remaining excess nitrogen, and oxygen levels were not affected by the vacuum degasser. In well water passed through packed columns, nitrogen gas was reduced from 131 to 105% of saturation and oxygen was increased from 23 to 86% of saturation. With a vacuum pressure of 3 in Hg, the degasser further reduced the nitrogen gas from 105 to 99% of saturation, and oxygen saturation remained near 86%. The integrated system provided water in which all gases were near saturation. No effects of gas supersaturation have been observed among the 18 species of cold‐water, coolwater, or warmwater fish that have been cultured in this water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C281:AISFTN%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., and Marking, L.L., 1986, An integrated system for treating nitrogen supersaturated water: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, no. 4, p. 281-284, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C281:AISFTN%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684521","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014546,"text":"70014546 - 1986 - A spherical electron-channelling pattern map for use in quartz petrofabric analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T23:52:54.727182","indexId":"70014546","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spherical electron-channelling pattern map for use in quartz petrofabric analysis","docAbstract":"Electron channelling patterns (ECP's) are formed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) by the interaction between the incident electrons and the lattice of crystalline specimens. The patterns are unique for a particular crystallographic orientation and are therefore of considerable potential in petrofabric studies provided they can be accurately indexed. Indexing requires an ECP-map of the crystallographic stereogram or unit triangle covering all possible orientations and hence ECP patterns. Due to the presence of long-range distortions in planar ECP-maps, it is more convenient to construct the maps over a spherical surface. This also facilitates the indexing of individual ECP's. A spherical ECP-map for quartz is presented together with an example of its use in petrofabric analysis.