No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual for the investigation of fish kills","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Meyer, F.P., 1990, Test your skill: Resource Publication 177, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112370,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cerc.usgs.gov/pubs/center/pdfDocs/FISHKILL.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684ac5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Meyer, Fred P.","contributorId":28642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":953706,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barclay, Lee A.","contributorId":87674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barclay","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":953707,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Fred P.","contributorId":28642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001491,"text":"2001491 - 1990 - Microtag retention and post-tagging survival of striped bass can be improved","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:56","indexId":"2001491","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"100","title":"Microtag retention and post-tagging survival of striped bass can be improved","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"91-016/FC","usgsCitation":"Lemarie, D., Lemm, C., Henderson-Arzapalo, A., and Geiger, J., 1990, Microtag retention and post-tagging survival of striped bass can be improved: Research Information Bulletin 100, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemarie, D.","contributorId":62538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemarie","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemm, C.","contributorId":64612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemm","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson-Arzapalo, A.","contributorId":92607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson-Arzapalo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geiger, J.","contributorId":67190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2001452,"text":"2001452 - 1990 - Use of feather meal in lake trout diets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:53","indexId":"2001452","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"26","title":"Use of feather meal in lake trout diets","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"90-055/TL","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., 1990, Use of feather meal in lake trout diets: Research Information Bulletin 26, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38467,"text":"pp1437 - 1990 - Geology of the Blue Mountains region of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington: Cenozoic geology of the Blue Mountains region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-09T20:33:23.803869","indexId":"pp1437","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1437","title":"Geology of the Blue Mountains region of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington: Cenozoic geology of the Blue Mountains region","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1437","usgsCitation":"1990, Geology of the Blue Mountains region of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington: Cenozoic geology of the Blue Mountains region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1437, v, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1437.","productDescription":"v, 135 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":491975,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76366.htm","text":"Cenozoic tectonism and volcanism of the Blue Mountains region","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491974,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76365.htm","text":"Miocene and younger rocks of the Blue Mountains region, exclusive of the Columbia River Basalt Group and associated mafic lava flows","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491973,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76364.htm","text":"The Columbia River Basalt Group and associated volcanic rocks of the Blue Mountains Province","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491972,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76363.htm","text":"Eocene(?), Oligocene, and lower Miocene rocks of the Blue Mountains region","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491971,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76362.htm","text":"Paleocene(?), Eocene, and Oligocene(?) rocks of the Blue Mountains region","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65022,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1437/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1437/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":423456,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76361.htm","text":"Overview of the Cenozoic geology of the Blue Mountains region","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mountains region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.75,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -121.4833,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -121.4833,\n 43.8333\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 43.8333\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 47\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683428","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Walker, G.W.","contributorId":100917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749910,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016121,"text":"70016121 - 1990 - Differentiator design and performance for edge sharpening","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:26:16","indexId":"70016121","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiator design and performance for edge sharpening","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional differentiator is useful for edge sharpening in digital image processing. In the design of a differentiator, differentiator coefficients that satisfy the specification of frequency response must be approximated. Four mathematical techniques - the minimax method, least-squares method, nonlinear programming, and linear programming - can be applied to solve the approximation problem. Results indicated that the differentiator derived from linear programming gives the highest resolution. -from Authors","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pan, J., and Domingue, J.O., 1990, Differentiator design and performance for edge sharpening: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 56, no. 5, p. 573-578.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a010ae4b0c8380cd4fa80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pan, Jeng-Jong","contributorId":35877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Jeng-Jong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domingue, Julia O.","contributorId":91832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingue","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016137,"text":"70016137 - 1990 - Episodic changes in lateral transport and phytoplankton distribution in South San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T11:13:06","indexId":"70016137","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodic changes in lateral transport and phytoplankton distribution in South San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Increased lateral flows were directed to the west and may explain the large fluctuations in phytoplankton biomass observed over the broad eastern shoal during spring. -from Authors
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","usgsCitation":"Huzzey, L., Cloern, J., and Powell, T., 1990, Episodic changes in lateral transport and phytoplankton distribution in South San Francisco Bay: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 35, no. 2, p. 472-478.","startPage":"472","endPage":"478","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267943,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_35/issue_2/0472.pdf"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a0fe4b0c8380cd521a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huzzey, L.M.","contributorId":38287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huzzey","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, T.M.","contributorId":88090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016144,"text":"70016144 - 1990 - Disseminated flake graphite and amorphous graphite deposit types. An analysis using grade and tonnage models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016144","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1147,"text":"CIM Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disseminated flake graphite and amorphous graphite deposit types. An analysis using grade and tonnage models","docAbstract":"On the basis of differences derived from genetic, descriptive, and grade-tonnage data, graphite deposits are classified here into three deposit types: disseminated flake, amorphous (microcrystalline), or graphite veins. Descriptive models have been constructed for each of these deposit types, and grade-tonnage models are constructed for disseminated flake and amorphous deposit types. Grade and tonnage data are used also to construct grade-tonnage models that assist in predicting the size and grade of undiscovered graphite deposits. The median tonnage and carbon grade of disseminated flake deposits are 240 000 tonnes and 9% carbon and for amorphous deposits, 130 000 tonnes and 40% carbon. The differences in grade between disseminated flake and amorphous deposit types are statistically significant, whereas the differences in amount of contained carbon are not.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"CIM Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03170926","usgsCitation":"Sutphin, D., and Bliss, J.D., 1990, Disseminated flake graphite and amorphous graphite deposit types. An analysis using grade and tonnage models: CIM Bulletin, v. 83, no. 940, p. 85-89.","startPage":"85","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"940","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0227e4b0c8380cd4fef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutphin, David M.","contributorId":53769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bliss, James D. jbliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"James","email":"jbliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016204,"text":"70016204 - 1990 - Climatic change and permafrost. Record from surficial deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:17:29.790706","indexId":"70016204","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2221,"text":"Journal of Cold Regions Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic change and permafrost. Record from surficial deposits","docAbstract":"The physical and chemical characteristics of surficial deposits and the floral and faunal remains they contain provide information that is useful for interpreting both paleoclimate and past permafrost conditions. Surficial deposits thus provide a record of climatic change and permafrost history. This record suggests that initiation of permafrost in lowland areas of the Southern Arctic Archipelago and continents of the northern hemisphere may have occurred about 2,400,000 years ago during the pronounced cooling that led to the first major glaciation of late Cenozoic time. Since then, climate has been relatively cold but cyclically variable, characterized by the growth and shrinkage of large, continental ice sheets. Permafrost has expanded and contracted in response to these climatic changes, and we can expect the present permafrost conditions to change in response to future climatic changes. To predict the response of permafrost and the landscape to future climatic change we should: (1) Define relations between climate and the modern landscape; (2) establish long‐term records of past climatic change and landscape response; and (3) determine the paleoenvironments of past warm periods as possible analogs for future global warming.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1990)4:1(43)","issn":"0887381X","usgsCitation":"Carter, L.D., 1990, Climatic change and permafrost. Record from surficial deposits: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, v. 4, no. 1, p. 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1990)4:1(43).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223100,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f65de4b0c8380cd4c70c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, L. David","contributorId":16827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015942,"text":"70015942 - 1990 - Distribution of agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T16:20:49","indexId":"70015942","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its tributaries","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River and its tributaries drain extensive agricultural regions of the Mid-Continental United States. Millions of pounds of herbicides are applied annually in these areas to improve crop yields. Many of these compounds are transported into the river from point and nonpoint sources, and eventually are discharged into the Gulf of Mexico. Studies being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey along the lower Mississippi River and its major tributaries, representing a 2000 km river reach, have confirmed that several triazine and acetanilide herbicides and their degradation products are ubiquitous in this riverine system. These compounds include atrazine and its degradation products desethyl and desisopropylatrazine, cyanazine, simazine, metolachlor, and alachlor and its degradation products 2-chloro-2',6'-diethylacetanilide, 2-hydroxy-2',6-diethylacetanilide and 2,6-diethylaniline. Loads of these compounds were determined at 16 different sampling stations. Stream-load calculations provided information concerning (a) conservative or nonconservative behavior of herbicides; (b) point sources or nonpoint sources; (c) validation of sampling techniques; and (d) transport past each sampling station.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(90)90229-N","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C., and Leiker, T., 1990, Distribution of agrochemicals in the lower Mississippi River and its tributaries: Science of Total Environment, v. 97-98, p. 41-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90229-N.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -91.790771484375,\n 33.925129700072\n ],\n [\n -91.8896484375,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -92.362060546875,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 29.52567042617583\n ],\n [\n -91.64794921875,\n 29.161755515328824\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -88.05541992187499,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -89.05517578125,\n 29.46829664171322\n ],\n [\n -90.670166015625,\n 30.732392734006083\n ],\n [\n -90.604248046875,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 34.19817309627726\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97-98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02bae4b0c8380cd5019c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1004109,"text":"1004109 - 1990 - Causes of mortality of albatross chicks at Midway Atoll","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T16:22:10","indexId":"1004109","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes of mortality of albatross chicks at Midway Atoll","docAbstract":"As part of an investigation of the effect of plastic ingestion on seabirds in Hawaii, we necropsied the carcasses of 137 Laysan albatross (Diomedea immutabilis) chicks from Midway Atoll in the Pacific Ocean during the summer of 1987. Selected tissues were collected for microbiological, parasitological, toxicological or histopathological examinations. Dehydration was the most common cause of death. Lead poisoning, trauma, emaciation (starvation) and trombidiosis were other causes of death; nonfatal nocardiosis and avian pox also were present. There was no evidence that ingested plastic caused mechanical lesions or mortality in 1987, but most of the chicks had considerably less plastic in them than chicks from earlier years. Human activity (lead poisoning and vehicular trauma) caused mortality at Midway Atoll and represented additive mortality for pre-fledgling albatrosses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-26.3.329","usgsCitation":"Sileo, L., Sievert, P., and Samuel, M., 1990, Causes of mortality of albatross chicks at Midway Atoll: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 26, no. 3, p. 329-338, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-26.3.329.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-26.3.329","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Midway Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -177.39864349365234,\n 28.19769962393586\n ],\n [\n -177.3925495147705,\n 28.204204853814264\n ],\n [\n -177.38988876342773,\n 28.208516241414873\n ],\n [\n -177.3889446258545,\n 28.21305435616433\n ],\n [\n -177.38911628723145,\n 28.21524770917096\n ],\n [\n -177.38697052001953,\n 28.217138494571348\n ],\n [\n -177.38422393798828,\n 28.21872672843422\n ],\n [\n -177.37915992736816,\n 28.21918050519871\n ],\n [\n -177.37589836120605,\n 28.21963428003466\n ],\n [\n -177.37255096435547,\n 28.219785537884736\n ],\n [\n -177.36894607543945,\n 28.220844336835224\n ],\n [\n -177.36748695373535,\n 28.22091996492988\n ],\n [\n -177.36722946166992,\n 28.21933176369164\n ],\n [\n -177.3658561706543,\n 28.217365386569565\n ],\n [\n -177.3621654510498,\n 28.216987232971377\n ],\n [\n -177.36079216003418,\n 28.216987232971377\n ],\n [\n -177.3599338531494,\n 28.215777132457806\n ],\n [\n -177.3592472076416,\n 28.213961955975492\n ],\n [\n -177.3589038848877,\n 28.21010460351013\n ],\n [\n -177.35838890075684,\n 28.207079131548177\n ],\n [\n -177.36139297485352,\n 28.20533944636835\n ],\n [\n -177.36774444580078,\n 28.202692044998905\n ],\n [\n -177.37074851989746,\n 28.20208691547504\n ],\n [\n -177.37109184265137,\n 28.1992881468478\n ],\n [\n -177.37366676330566,\n 28.19830477830571\n ],\n [\n -177.3764991760254,\n 28.199893292221972\n ],\n [\n -177.3797607421875,\n 28.198229134196886\n ],\n [\n -177.39263534545896,\n 28.194522507273735\n ],\n [\n -177.3969268798828,\n 28.19429556675524\n ],\n [\n -177.3991584777832,\n 28.19429556675524\n ],\n [\n -177.39864349365234,\n 28.19769962393586\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -177.35203742980957,\n 28.208743151731685\n ],\n [\n -177.3519515991211,\n 28.205188168057337\n ],\n [\n -177.35143661499023,\n 28.20329717109553\n ],\n [\n -177.3475742340088,\n 28.202692044998905\n ],\n [\n -177.34139442443845,\n 28.202692044998905\n ],\n [\n -177.33521461486816,\n 28.202918967686752\n ],\n [\n -177.3281764984131,\n 28.203675373165503\n ],\n [\n -177.32474327087402,\n 28.205036889532103\n ],\n [\n -177.322940826416,\n 28.20624711173591\n ],\n [\n -177.32208251953125,\n 28.20791114488013\n ],\n [\n -177.3226833343506,\n 28.210785322891844\n ],\n [\n -177.32422828674316,\n 28.21471828325939\n ],\n [\n -177.32508659362793,\n 28.216835971157135\n ],\n [\n -177.32628822326657,\n 28.21865109878595\n ],\n [\n -177.328519821167,\n 28.218877987570004\n ],\n [\n -177.32903480529785,\n 28.218499839328757\n ],\n [\n -177.3296356201172,\n 28.216987232971377\n ],\n [\n -177.3306655883789,\n 28.215474605186724\n ],\n [\n -177.33263969421387,\n 28.213735056745815\n ],\n [\n -177.33409881591797,\n 28.212600553366315\n ],\n [\n -177.33821868896484,\n 28.21002896775545\n ],\n [\n -177.34036445617676,\n 28.20949951597317\n ],\n [\n -177.34233856201172,\n 28.209121334521924\n ],\n [\n -177.3442268371582,\n 28.208818788396872\n ],\n [\n -177.34637260437012,\n 28.208743151731685\n ],\n [\n -177.34946250915527,\n 28.208743151731685\n ],\n [\n -177.35203742980957,\n 28.208743151731685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68491e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sievert, P.R.","contributorId":104858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sievert","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1004117,"text":"1004117 - 1990 - Blood lead concentrations in mallards from Delevan and Colusa National Wildlife Refuges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T15:50:09.175611","indexId":"1004117","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood lead concentrations in mallards from Delevan and Colusa National Wildlife Refuges","docAbstract":"Blood samples were taken from 181 (108 adult drakes and 73 individuals of mixed age and sex) mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, from Colusa and Delevan National Wildlife Refuges during late winter and summer of 1987. The percentage of birds with elevated lead concentration was 28.7 for late winter and 16.4 for late summer. For summer trapped birds, a significantly greater proportion of males than females contained elevated lead levels. These findings indicate that lead poisoning may be a year-round event in certain areas of the Sacramento Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Fish and Game","usgsCitation":"Mauser, D.M., Rocke, T.E., Mensik, J.G., and Brand, C.J., 1990, Blood lead concentrations in mallards from Delevan and Colusa National Wildlife Refuges: California Fish and Game, v. 76, no. 3, p. 132-136.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413044,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Publications/Journal/Contents"},{"id":130533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Colusa National Wildlife Refuge, Delevan National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.06291198730467,\n 39.197407155743015\n ],\n [\n -122.06291198730467,\n 39.122602866278996\n ],\n [\n -122.02480316162108,\n 39.12180381489474\n ],\n [\n -122.025146484375,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -122.0306396484375,\n 39.15615483953391\n ],\n [\n -122.03681945800783,\n 39.15961564104208\n ],\n [\n -122.03750610351564,\n 39.17159402400064\n ],\n [\n -122.03475952148436,\n 39.17212634923011\n ],\n [\n -122.03510284423828,\n 39.196076813671695\n ],\n [\n -122.03750610351564,\n 39.19660895352297\n ],\n [\n -122.06291198730467,\n 39.197407155743015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.1185302734375,\n 39.343325435856386\n ],\n [\n -122.08110809326172,\n 39.343325435856386\n ],\n [\n -122.08110809326172,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -122.07321166992188,\n 39.33270413123943\n ],\n [\n -122.07218170166014,\n 39.31783159381386\n ],\n [\n -122.07424163818358,\n 39.31464421005064\n ],\n [\n -122.07321166992188,\n 39.2854197594374\n ],\n [\n -122.07595825195312,\n 39.284356822253635\n ],\n [\n -122.07733154296875,\n 39.27744733736264\n ],\n [\n -122.08213806152342,\n 39.27319500791644\n ],\n [\n -122.1195602416992,\n 39.273992339346364\n ],\n [\n -122.1195602416992,\n 39.31623792008409\n ],\n [\n -122.1291732788086,\n 39.316503534893485\n ],\n [\n -122.1291732788086,\n 39.334031882567345\n ],\n [\n -122.11887359619139,\n 39.33615623224669\n ],\n [\n -122.1185302734375,\n 39.34491849236129\n ],\n [\n -122.1185302734375,\n 39.343325435856386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60773e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mauser, David M.","contributorId":87204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauser","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mensik, John G.","contributorId":90253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brand, Christopher J. cbrand@usgs.gov","contributorId":1186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Christopher","email":"cbrand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016249,"text":"70016249 - 1990 - Phreatomagmatic and phreatic fall and surge deposits from explosions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1790 a.d.: Keanakakoi Ash Member","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016249","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phreatomagmatic and phreatic fall and surge deposits from explosions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1790 a.d.: Keanakakoi Ash Member","docAbstract":"In or around 1790 a.d. an explosive eruption took place in the summit caldera of Kilauea shield volcano. A group of Hawaiian warriors close to the caldera at the time were killed by the effects of the explosions. The stratigraphy of pyroclastic deposits surrounding Kilauea (i.e., the Keanakakoi Ash Member) suggests that the explosions referred to in the historic record were the culmination of a prolonged hydrovolcanic eruption consisting of three main phases. The first phase was phreatomagmatic and generated well-bedded, fine fallout ash rich in glassy, variably vesiculated, juvenile magmatic and dense, lithic pyroclasts. The ash was mainly dispersed to the southwest of the caldera by the northeasterly trade winds. The second phase produced a Strombolian-style scoria fall deposit followed by phreatomagmatic ash similar to that of the first phase, though richer in accretionary lapilli and lithics. The third and culminating phase was phreatic and deposited lithic-rich lapilli and block fall layers, interbedded with cross-bedded surge deposits, and accretionary lapilli-rich, fine ash beds. These final explosions may have been responsible for the deaths of the warriors. The three phases were separated by quiescent spells during which the primary deposits were eroded and transported downwind in dunes migrating southwestward and locally excavated by fluvial runoff close to the rim. The entire hydrovolcanic eruption may have lasted for weeks or perhaps months. At around the same time, lava erupted from Kilauea's East Rift Zone and probably drained magma from the summit storage. The earliest descriptions of Kilauea (30 years after the Keanakakoi eruption) emphasize the great depth of the floor (300-500 m below the rim) and the presence of stepped ledges. It is therefore likely that the Keanakakoi explosions were deepseated within Kilauea, and that the vent rim was substantially lower than the caldera rim. The change from phreatomagmatic to phreatic phases may reflect the progressive degassing and cooling of the magma during deep withdrawal: throughout the phreatomagmatic phases magma vesiculation contributed to the explosive interaction with water by initiating the fragmentation process: thereafter, the principal role of the subsiding magma column was to supply heat for steam production that drove the phreatic explosions of the final phase. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00302047","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"McPhie, J., Walker, G., and Christiansen, R., 1990, Phreatomagmatic and phreatic fall and surge deposits from explosions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1790 a.d.: Keanakakoi Ash Member: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, no. 5, p. 334-354, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302047.","startPage":"334","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302047"},{"id":223101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a40e4b0c8380cd78df7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPhie, J.","contributorId":37479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhie","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, G.P.L.","contributorId":17763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"G.P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015837,"text":"70015837 - 1990 - Geologic map and geothermal assessment of the Mount Adams volcanic field, Cascade Range of southern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70015837","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic map and geothermal assessment of the Mount Adams volcanic field, Cascade Range of southern Washington","docAbstract":"More than 60 Quaternary vents make up the basalt-to-rhyodacite Mount Adams volcanic field and have erupted scoriae and lavas with a total volume of >370 km3. The Mount Adams andesite-dacite stratocone itself is a compound edifice that includes the high cone above 2300 m (20-10 ka), remnants of at least two earlier andesite-dacite cones as old as 0.5 Ma, and 7 Holocene flank vents. Four other Holocene vents and tens of vents contemporaneous with Mount Adams are peripheral to the stratocone. All of these vents, including Mount Adams, lie within a N-S eruptive zone 55 km long and 5 km wide. The age of all known Mount Adams silicic products (>100 ka) and the heterogeneous mafic compositions of the summit cone and Holocene lavas make it unlikely that the stratocone is underlain by an upper-crustal reservoir. Rather, the stratocone at the focus is built up of fractionated hybrid magmas that rise from MASH zones (melting-assimilation-storage-homogenization). The pyroclastic core of breccia and scoria at Mount Adams has undergone acid-sulfate leaching and deposition of alunite, kaolinite, silica, gypsum, sulfur, and Fe-oxides and has been a constant source of avalanches and debris flows. Most heat supplied from depth to the fumarolically altered core is dispersed by the high precipitation rate and high permeability of the rubbly lava flows so that a hydrothermal convection pattern is not maintained. Summit-restricted fumaroles are weak and diffuse.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"1990 International Symposium on Geothermal Energy","conferenceDate":"20 August 1990 through 24 August 1990","conferenceLocation":"Kailua-Kona, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412685","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., and Fierstein, J., 1990, Geologic map and geothermal assessment of the Mount Adams volcanic field, Cascade Range of southern Washington, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 14, no. pt 2, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, 20 August 1990 through 24 August 1990, p. 1455-1456.","startPage":"1455","endPage":"1456","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a19e6e4b0c8380cd55adc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, Wes","contributorId":15996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fierstein, Judy","contributorId":88337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014636,"text":"1014636 - 1990 - Performance of rainbow trout fry fed supplemental soy lecithin and choline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:31:58.842869","indexId":"1014636","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of rainbow trout fry fed supplemental soy lecithin and choline","docAbstract":"Three feeding experiments were conducted with early‐feeding fry of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; initial mean weight, 0.10–0.12 g) to determine their need for lecithin contained in soy lecithin (SL), with and without supplemental choline. The source of assay protein was an isoelectric form (RP 100) of isolated soy protein (ISP) in experiment 1, a sodium protein ISP (RP 101) in experiment 2, and an ether‐extracted herring meal in expenment 3. Duration of the feeding trials was 20 weeks for experiment 1 and 16 weeks for experiments 2 and 3. Analysis of variance showed that supplemental SL and choline each increased body weight gain, survival, and body fat, and improved feed conversion (amount fed/weight gain). The extent of beneficial effects varied with type of diet fed. Fish fed either of the ISPs needed at least 4% supplemental SL, either with or without 0.3% choline, for highest survival, but survival of all fish fed extracted herring meal was high. Although choline alone enhanced growth, at least 4% SL, either with or without choline, was necessary for maximum growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0218:PORTFF%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., 1990, Performance of rainbow trout fry fed supplemental soy lecithin and choline: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 52, no. 4, p. 218-225, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0218:PORTFF%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"218","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68865a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016225,"text":"70016225 - 1990 - Petrology, isotope characteristics, and K-Ar ages of the Maranhão, northern Brazil, Mesozoic basalt province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T15:32:12","indexId":"70016225","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology, isotope characteristics, and K-Ar ages of the Maranhão, northern Brazil, Mesozoic basalt province","docAbstract":"Northern Brazil contains remnants of Mesozoic flood basalts and hypabyssal rocks that were apparently emplaced during tectonism related to opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Analyses and new K-Ar ages reveal that this ∼700x250 km Maranhão province (5°–8°S) has low-Ti basalts (∼1.1 wt% TiO2) in the western part that range about 160 to 190 Ma, and high-Ti basalts (3.4–4.4 wt% TiO2) in the eastern part about 115–122 Ma. Low-Ti basalt compositions are less evolved and have a smaller range, Mg# 62-56, than the high-Ti basalts, Mg# 44–33. General characteristics of the least evolved members of low- and high-Ti groups include, respectively, Zr 100 and 250 ppm, Sr 225 and 475 ppm, Ba 200 and 500 ppm, Nb 10 and 26 ppm, Y 29 and 36 ppm, La/Yb(n) 4.2 and 8.8, where La(n) is 30 and 90. Overall compositions resemble the low- and high-Ti basaltic rocks of the Mesozoic Serra Geral (Paraná) province in southern Brazil. The Maranhão low-Ti basalts have more radiogenic Sr and Pb and higher δ18O than the high-Ti basalts. Respectively, low- vs high-Ti: ɛSr26−54 vs 15−18; 206Pb/204Pb=18.25–.78 vs 18.22–.24; and δ18O 8.9–12.6 vs 6.5–8.6. Nd isotopes overlap: ɛNd−1.6 to −3.8 vs −2.1 to −3. Ages, compositions, and isotopes indicate that the low- and high-Ti groups had independent parentages from enriched subcontinental mantle. However, both groups can be modeled from one source composition if low-Ti basalt isotopes reflect crustal contamination, and if the parentages for each group were picritic liquids that represent either higher (for low-Ti) or lower (for high-Ti) percentages of melting of that single source. When comparing Pb isotopes of Maranhão and Serra Geral high-Ti basalts (uncontaminated) to evaluate the DUPAL anomaly, Maranhão has Pb Δ7/4=4.6–11, and Pb Δ8/4=72–87; Serra Geral has Pb Δ7/4=10–13, and Pb Δ8/4=95–125. The small difference is not enough to conform to DUPAL contours, and is inconsistent with large-scale isotopic heterogeneity of mantle beneath Brazil prior to rifting of South America from Africa. Maranhão low-Ti magmas probably relate to the opening of central North Atlantic, and high-Ti magmas to the opening of equatorial Atlantic. The proposed greater percentage of source melting for low-Ti basalts may reflect a Triassic-Jurassic hotspot, while lesser melting for high-Ti magmas may relate to Cretaceous decompressional (rifting) melting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00306664","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Fodor, R., Sial, A., Mukasa, S., and McKee, E., 1990, Petrology, isotope characteristics, and K-Ar ages of the Maranhão, northern Brazil, Mesozoic basalt province: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 104, no. 5, p. 555-567, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00306664.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"567","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479843,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/47289>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":223506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205378,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306664"}],"volume":"104","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a785ce4b0c8380cd7869f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fodor, R.V.","contributorId":106638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodor","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sial, A.N.","contributorId":85727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sial","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mukasa, S.B.","contributorId":89568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukasa","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016378,"text":"70016378 - 1990 - A spectral reflectance study (0.4-2.5 μm) of selected playa evaporite mineral deposits and related geochemical processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T13:28:49","indexId":"70016378","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A spectral reflectance study (0.4-2.5 μm) of selected playa evaporite mineral deposits and related geochemical processes","docAbstract":"Playa evaporite mineral deposits show major compositional variations related to differences in lithology, hydrology, and groundwater geochemistry. The use of visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectral reflectance measurements as a technique for investigating the mineralogy of playa efflorescent crusts is examined. Samples of efflorescent crust were collected from 4 playa: Bristol Dry Lake, Saline Valley, Teels Marsh, and Rhodes Marsh--all located in eastern California and western Nevada. Laboratory and field spectral analyses coupled with X-ray diffraction analyses of the crusts yielded the following observations: VNIR spectra of unweathered salt crusts can be used to infer the general chemistry of near-surface brines; VNIR spectra are very sensitive for detecting minor hydrate mineral phases contained in mixtures with anhydrous, spectrally featureless, minerals such as halite (NaCl) and thernardite (Na2So4); borate minerals exhibit particularly strong VNIR spectral features that permit small amounts of borate to be detected in efflorescent salt crusts; remote sensing spectral measurements of playa efflorescent crusts may have applications in global studies of playa brines and minerals.
","largerWorkTitle":"Digest - International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"10th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - IGARSS '90","conferenceDate":"20 May 1990 through 20 May 1990","conferenceLocation":"College Park, MD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.1990.688652","usgsCitation":"Crowley, J.K., 1990, A spectral reflectance study (0.4-2.5 μm) of selected playa evaporite mineral deposits and related geochemical processes, in Digest - International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 2, College Park, MD, USA, 20 May 1990 through 20 May 1990, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.1990.688652.","startPage":"965","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a5e4b0c8380cd46ece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowley, James K.","contributorId":10928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014600,"text":"1014600 - 1990 - Establishment of a cell line with reticulo-endothelial characteristics from a rainbow trout spleen explant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T15:13:57.83191","indexId":"1014600","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1650,"text":"Fish Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishment of a cell line with reticulo-endothelial characteristics from a rainbow trout spleen explant","docAbstract":"A cell line from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with phagocytic-like characteristics was established. First we found that it was necessary to inject the fish with antibiotics (penicillinstreptomycin) in order to clear tissue of bacterial contamination. Two days later, the spleen was excised and minced with scissors in MEM10. The large number of erythrocytes in the suspension were removed by low centrifugation, then the tissue fragments were incubated on tissue culture flasks at 18°C for 30 days with complete changes of media every other day.
After 30 days in culture, primary explants from spleen were composed of three types of cells. The majority were large mononucleate, plecmorphic cells with thinly spread cytoplasm. These cells were trypsinized and subcultured. Another cell types was simple, round cells, somewhat similar to mature lymphocytes, while the third type appeared to be similar to fibroblastic cells.
After 9 months with the culture in 17 to 20 passages, the predominate cell type was showing similarities to phagocytic cell. These cells had a marked reticular cytoplasm and grew individually without parallel orientations. By enzyme-specific stains, the cells were observed to have abundant acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase activities of the cytoplasm. They were negative for peroxidase. The cells were also found to have highly adherent and phagocytic properties when incubated with latex particles.
The morphological, enzymatic, and functional findings suggested the possibility that these cells in culture have some properties similar to the cells which are composed of reticulo-endothelial system.
The Pacific Border Ranges of the southern Alaskan Cordillera are composed of a number of allochthonous tectonostratigraphic terranes. Within these terranes are widespread volcanogenic, massive sulfide deposits in and adjacent to portions of accreted ophiolite complexes, bands and disseminations of chromite in accreted island-arc ultramafic rocks, and epigenetic, gold-bearing quartz veins in metamorphosed turbidite sequences. A geochemical pilot study was undertaken to determine the most efficient exploration strategy for locating these types of mineral deposits within the Pacific Border Ranges and other typical convergent continental margin environments.
High-density sediment sampling was carried out in first- and second-order stream channels surrounding typical gold, chromite and massive sulfide occurrences. At each site, a stream-sediment and a panned-concentrate sample were collected. In the laboratory, the stream sediments were sieved into coarse-sand, fine- to medium-sand, and silt- to clay-size fractions prior to analysis. One split of the panned concentrates was retained for analysis; a second split was further concentrated by gravity separation in heavy liquids and then divided into magnetic, weakly magnetic and nonmagnetic fractions for analysis. A number of different techniques including atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and semi-quantitative emission spectrography were used to analyze the various sample media.
Comparison of the various types of sample media shows that in this tectonic environment it is most efficient to include a silt- to clay-size sediment fraction and a panned-concentrate sample. Even with the relatively low detection limits for many elements by plasma spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry, anomalies reflecting the presence of gold veins could not be identified in any of the stream-sediment fractions. Unseparated panned-concentrate samples should be analyzed by emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry for Ag and Au. If, however, magnetic and nonmagnetic concentrate fractions are used in a reconnaissance program, semiquantitative emission spectrography is adequate for all analytical work.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9030","usgsCitation":"Gaccetta, J., Detra, D., Fey, D., and Vaughn, R.B., 1990, Analytical results and sample locality map of stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and rock samples from the Coal Canyon (UT-060-100C), Spruce Canyon (UT-060-100D), and Flume Canyon (UT-060-100B) Wilderness Study Areas, Grand County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-30, Report: 42 p.; 1 Plate: 23.08 x 21.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9030.","productDescription":"Report: 42 p.; 1 Plate: 23.08 x 21.33 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148584,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0030/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414377,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17845.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":45913,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0030/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45914,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Grand County","otherGeospatial":"Coal Canyon, Spruce Canyon, and Flume Canyon Wilderness Study Areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.750,\n 39.375\n ],\n [\n -109.750,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -109.250,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -109.250,\n 39.375\n ],\n [\n -109.750,\n 39.375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e89e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaccetta, J.D.","contributorId":57866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaccetta","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fey, D.L.","contributorId":44537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaughn, R. B.","contributorId":27043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015891,"text":"70015891 - 1990 - Estimated post-Messinian sediment supply and sedimentation rates on the Ebro continental margin, Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-27T11:11:21.525617","indexId":"70015891","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated post-Messinian sediment supply and sedimentation rates on the Ebro continental margin, Spain","docAbstract":"We studied peat in several geologic and climatic settings: (1) a glaciated terrain in cold-temperate Maine and Minnesota, U.S.A.; (2) an island in a temperate maritime climate in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Maine, U.S.A., where sea level is rising rapidly and changing the environment of peat accumulation; (3) swamps along the warm-temperate U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, where sea level has changed often, thus creating sites for accumulation; and (4) in a tropical climate along the coast of Sarawak, Malaysia, and the delta of the Batang Hari River, Sumatra, Indonesia (Figs. 1 and 2). With the exception of the deposits on the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, most of the deposits described are domed bogs in which peat accumulation continued above the surface of the surrounding soil. The bogs of the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains have almost level surfaces. All domed bogs are not entirely ombrotrophic (watered only from precipitation); multidomed bogs that rise from irregular or hilly surfaces may be crossed by streams that supply water to the bogs.
The geologic processes or organic sedimentation, namely terrestrialization and paludification, are similar in all peat deposits considered here. Differences in geomorphology affecting the quantity and that quality of peat that has ash contents of less than 25%, which are desirable for commercial purposes, depend chiefly on: (1) high humidity, which is favorable to luxuriant growth of peat-forming vegetation; (2) a depositional setting that permits extensive accumulation relatively free from inorganic contamination from sea water and streams and from dust and volcanic ash; and (3) a stable regional water table that controls the rate of decomposition under aerobic conditions and protects the deposit against the ravages of fire.
Differences in peat textures are due to the type of vegetation and to the degree of decomposition. The rate of decomposition is largely the result of the amount of oxidation and aerobic microbial activity. Stratigraphic distribution of various textures and amounts of inorganic components within a peat deposit is largely determined by the vertical positions occupied by peat-forming environments, such as pond, marsh, swamp and heath where vegetation accumulated, and the depth to zones of unoxygenated water.
Peat also differs in the rate of accumulation. On the basis of carbon-14 dating, an estimated 8 m of peat in the tropical Batang Hari River deposit in Sumatra has been accumulating at the rate of about 1.5 m/1,000 yr, whereas peat in the cold-temperate deposit in Maine has been accumulating at the rate of 0.66 m/1,000 yr. Accumulation rates in domed deposits such as these are affected not only by factors controlling volume of biomass and aerobic decay but also by stream erosion and fires that remove peat. Such disconformities (see Fig. 2) within the deposit may be recognized by sudden vertical changes in degree of decomposition and/or the presence of charcoal.
The trace-element content of peat deposits is affected by the environments of their settings. Samples of peat that have an ash content of less than 25% dry weight and that are from small, almost level swamp deposits along the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina were compared with similar samples from small domed bogs in Maine, a glaciated area. Samples from Nort Carolina, which are from deposits in thick fluvial and nearshore marine sediments far from the bedrock source, are generally higher in Ti, Cr and Pb. The Maine samples from deposits in glacial drift close to the bedrock source contain more Zn, Mn, P, Ca, Na and Fe. The kind and amount of trace elements within the deposits appear to relate largely to depositional setting, to kinds of bedrock source, and to the modes of transportation from source to peat swamp.
Trace-element concentrations in the extensive Sumatra peat deposit, which represents a potentially commercial coal bed, are similar to those found in Appalachian coals except for As and Au, which are higher in the former. This similarity most likely implies that geochemical controls on mineral matter controlled the concentrations in both.
Most peat deposits found in the world today are not precursors of economic coal beds because they are too local in extent, lack beds of commercial-quality peat greater than 6 m thick, and/or are too far from sea level to be rapidly by marine or marginal marine sediments before destruction by erosion and decomposition. However, the two domed deposits in Sarawak and Sumatra described above are parts of extensive, thick, low-sulfur, fuel-quality peat deposits, which have bases below the levels of rivers on coastal deltas. These are likely to be preserved in their lower part and to become precursors of tropical coal seams of potential economic importance. The lenticular and tabular peat deposits of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, which have little chance of survival, have features resembling those in Tertiary peat deposits in alluvial settings of western North America.
The quality, shape, and extent of modern and ancient peat deposits are controlled by the same factors - humidity, vegetation type, ground- and surface-water regimes, and physiographic and geologic setting. Thus, a study of modern peat deposits may help in studies of the areal distribution and the thickness and quality of ancient coal beds.
Rhythmically layered anorthosite and gabbro are exposed in a 4–10-m thick interval at the base of the layered gabbro unit on North Arm Mountain, one of four massifs that compose the Bay of Islands ophiolite, Newfoundland. Within the rhythmically layered interval, up to 37 anorthosite layers 1–2 cm thick alternate with gabbroic layers 7–10 cm thick. Anorthosites are adcumulates (most contain <6ppm Zr) with 98–99% plagioclase (Plag) and 1–2% intergranular clinopyroxene (Cpx), whereas gabbros are adcumulates to mesocumulates (<6–20ppm Zr) with 35–55% Plag, and the balance olivine (Ol) + Cpx ± orthopyroxene (Opx). Average mineral compositions are: Ol mg-number [100 ×Mg/(Mg + Fe)]=84·9, NiO=0·13wt. % Plag An = 87·9; Cpx mg-number = 88·3, TiO2=0·20 wt %; and Opx mg-number = 85·7. Rare earth element (REE) concentrations in clinopyroxene and plagioclase are low throughout the rhythmically layered interval (<5 times chondrites). The rhythmically layered interval is sandwiched between thick layers of adcumulate to orthocumulate uniform gabbro with average modal proportions of 54% Plag-39% Cpx-3% Ol-4% Opx. Average mineral compositions are: Ol mg-number = 75·5, NiO = 0·08 wt. %; Plag An=69%6; Cpx mg-number = 81·2, TiO2 =0·53 wt. %, and Opx mg-number = 77·5. Clinopyroxene and plagioclase REE abundances are systematically higher in the uniform gabbro interval than in the rhythmically layered interval. Calculated fractional crystallization paths and correlated cryptic variation patterns suggest that uniform and rhythmically layered gabbros represent 20–30% in situ crystallization of two distinct magma batches, one more evolved and the other more primitive. When the more primitive magma entered the crystallization site of the NA300–301 gabbros, it is estimated to have been ∼40°C hotter than the resident evolved magma, and may have been chilled by contact with a magma chamber margin composed of uniform gabbro. In this model, chilling caused the liquid to become supercooled with respect to plagioclase nucleation temperatures, resulting in crystallization of gabbro deficient in plagioclase relative to equilibrium cotectic proportions. Subtraction of a plagioclase-poor melagabbro enriched the liquid in normative plagioclase, which in turn led to crystallization of an anorthosite layer. Alternating anorthosite and gabbro layers in the rhythmically layered interval built up by coupled and sustained variations in crystal nucleation and growth rates, and associated variations in liquid compositions at the crystallization front. Relatively stagnant magma-flow conditions may be required to accumulate substantial thicknesses of rhythmically layered cumulates by sustained oscillatory crystallization. The rarity of anorthosite-gabbro rhythmic phase layering on North Arm Mountain may indicate that convective magma currents in the Bay of Islands magma chamber were too vigorous for oscillatory crystallization to commonly occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/31.1.1","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Komor, S., and Elthon, D., 1990, Formation of anorthosite-Gabbro rhythmic phase layering: an example at North Arm Mountain, Bay of Isands ophiolite: Journal of Petrology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 1-50, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/31.1.1.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a134ee4b0c8380cd545dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Komor, S.C.","contributorId":21182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komor","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elthon, D.","contributorId":107434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elthon","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}