{"pageNumber":"4466","pageRowStart":"111625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165901,"records":[{"id":44430,"text":"wri864150 - 1986 - Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 2: Areal extent of freshwater in major aquifers of Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:13:21.862353","indexId":"wri864150","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4150","title":"Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 2: Areal extent of freshwater in major aquifers of Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>The areal availability of freshwater (cl content &lt; 250 mg/L) in 14 major aquifers in Louisiana was investigated. The depth of occurrence of fresh groundwater in Louisiana is variable. The aquifers were mapped to show their areal extent from the outcrop or subcrop to the downdip limit of freshwater. Water in each aquifer becomes saline downdip; but in most areas an overlying (younger) aquifer contains freshwater. None of the major aquifer contains freshwater in northern Louisiana where the Vicksburg and Jackson groups crop out and the underlying Cockfield aquifer (Cockfield Formation) contains saline water.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864150","usgsCitation":"Smoot, C.W., 1986, Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 2: Areal extent of freshwater in major aquifers of Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4150, 1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.97 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864150.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 27.00 x 24.97 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":81732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4150/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":172362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415860,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36577.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.046,\n              33.02\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.046,\n              28.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.809,\n              28.917\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.809,\n              33.02\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.046,\n              33.02\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63ec54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoot, Charles W.","contributorId":88398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":68692,"text":"ha663 - 1986 - Description and generalized distribution of aquifer materials in the alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of California and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T20:04:50.724328","indexId":"ha663","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"663","title":"Description and generalized distribution of aquifer materials in the alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of California and New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha663","usgsCitation":"Freethey, G.W., 1986, Description and generalized distribution of aquifer materials in the alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of California and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 663, 4 Plates: 43.80 x 32.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha663.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 43.80 x 32.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414571,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16064.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":90414,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/663/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90413,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/663/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/663/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90411,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/663/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.8,\n              36.158\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.117,\n              36.158\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.117,\n              31.329\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.8,\n              31.329\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.8,\n              36.158\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freethey, Geoffrey W.","contributorId":25570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182480,"text":"70182480 - 1986 - Use of spawner recruit relations to evaluate the effect of degraded environment and increased fishing on the abundance of fall run Chinook in several California streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T12:17:20","indexId":"70182480","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Use of spawner recruit relations to evaluate the effect of degraded environment and increased fishing on the abundance of fall run Chinook in several California streams","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Washington","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Reisenbichler, R., 1986, Use of spawner recruit relations to evaluate the effect of degraded environment and increased fishing on the abundance of fall run Chinook in several California streams.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Ph.D. Dissertation","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dbe4b01ccd54fb2817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reisenbichler, R.R.","contributorId":77356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015672,"text":"70015672 - 1986 - Effects of the 1906 Earthquake on the Bald Hill Outlet System, San Mateo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T00:44:22.006388","indexId":"70015672","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1115,"text":"Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the 1906 Earthquake on the Bald Hill Outlet System, San Mateo County, California","docAbstract":"Following the earthquake of April 18, 1906, it was discovered that a brick forebay and other parts of the reservoir outlet system were in the slip zone of the San Andreas fault. The original outlet through which water was directed to San Francisco consisted of two tunnels joined at the brick forebay; one tunnel extends 2,820 ft to the east under Bald Hill on Buri Buri Ridge, and the other tunnel intersects the lake bottom about 250 ft west of the forebay. In 1897 a second intake was added to the system, also joining the original forebay. During the present study the accessible parts of this original outlet system were examined with the hope of learning how the system had been affected by fault slip in 1906.","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.xxiii.2.197","issn":"00045691","usgsCitation":"Pampeyan, E.H., 1986, Effects of the 1906 Earthquake on the Bald Hill Outlet System, San Mateo County, California: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 23, no. 2, p. 197-208, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxiii.2.197.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Mateo County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"GeometryCollection\",\"geometries\":[{\"type\":\"LineString\",\"coordinates\":[[-122.495,37.6389],[-122.495,37.6392]]},{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-122.392,37.7042],[-122.392,37.7006],[-122.392,37.7003],[-122.391,37.6956],[-122.391,37.6953],[-122.389,37.6875],[-122.389,37.6842],[-122.388,37.6839],[-122.388,37.6803],[-122.383,37.6778],[-122.383,37.6775],[-122.38,37.6778],[-122.38,37.6775],[-122.379,37.6722],[-122.379,37.6714],[-122.384,37.6714],[-122.385,37.6717],[-122.386,37.6717],[-122.386,37.6714],[-122.389,37.6681],[-122.39,37.6681],[-122.392,37.6673],[-122.392,37.6666],[-122.39,37.6661],[-122.38,37.665],[-122.375,37.6642],[-122.374,37.6611],[-122.378,37.6611],[-122.379,37.6594],[-122.377,37.6578],[-122.378,37.651],[-122.379,37.6508],[-122.38,37.6483],[-122.381,37.6478],[-122.383,37.6475],[-122.385,37.6475],[-122.385,37.6472],[-122.391,37.6442],[-122.389,37.6396],[-122.383,37.6394],[-122.382,37.6351],[-122.384,37.6349],[-122.389,37.6328],[-122.389,37.6319],[-122.389,37.6314],[-122.387,37.6297],[-122.377,37.6294],[-122.369,37.6277],[-122.368,37.628],[-122.368,37.6211],[-122.367,37.6206],[-122.366,37.6207],[-122.363,37.6186],[-122.355,37.6142],[-122.356,37.6119],[-122.357,37.6114],[-122.358,37.6103],[-122.36,37.6095],[-122.362,37.6099],[-122.364,37.6108],[-122.376,37.6058],[-122.375,37.6047],[-122.368,37.6011],[-122.365,37.599],[-122.361,37.5929],[-122.358,37.5923],[-122.34,37.5922],[-122.339,37.5923],[-122.334,37.5913],[-122.334,37.5906],[-122.334,37.5889],[-122.334,37.5883],[-122.331,37.5878],[-122.331,37.5881],[-122.327,37.5897],[-122.326,37.5897],[-122.32,37.5915],[-122.312,37.5808],[-122.311,37.5794],[-122.307,37.5761],[-122.306,37.5761],[-122.3,37.5756],[-122.299,37.5755],[-122.296,37.5717],[-122.288,37.5713],[-122.285,37.5755],[-122.281,37.5742],[-122.278,37.5717],[-122.277,37.5715],[-122.257,37.5708],[-122.254,37.5686],[-122.251,37.5662],[-122.245,37.5573],[-122.244,37.5525],[-122.241,37.5528],[-122.241,37.5525],[-122.237,37.5522],[-122.234,37.5528],[-122.232,37.5528],[-122.232,37.5525],[-122.23,37.5519],[-122.229,37.5511],[-122.229,37.5394],[-122.233,37.5344],[-122.245,37.5269],[-122.246,37.5253],[-122.246,37.5239],[-122.247,37.5236],[-122.248,37.5092],[-122.245,37.5094],[-122.244,37.5106],[-122.245,37.5111],[-122.245,37.5231],[-122.228,37.5389],[-122.226,37.5422],[-122.214,37.5398],[-122.214,37.5406],[-122.212,37.5404],[-122.211,37.5406],[-122.207,37.5397],[-122.206,37.5397],[-122.204,37.54],[-122.201,37.5393],[-122.195,37.5347],[-122.194,37.5331],[-122.195,37.5328],[-122.196,37.5308],[-122.2,37.5269],[-122.206,37.5236],[-122.208,37.5202],[-122.214,37.5102],[-122.217,37.5056],[-122.213,37.5058],[-122.212,37.5068],[-122.212,37.5078],[-122.212,37.511],[-122.206,37.5164],[-122.204,37.5178],[-122.202,37.5161],[-122.201,37.5161],[-122.2,37.5156],[-122.2,37.5094],[-122.2,37.5081],[-122.194,37.5067],[-122.194,37.5058],[-122.195,37.5058],[-122.196,37.5036],[-122.196,37.5022],[-122.196,37.5019],[-122.197,37.5008],[-122.198,37.4978],[-122.199,37.4986],[-122.199,37.4989],[-122.202,37.5031],[-122.202,37.5033],[-122.201,37.5064],[-122.203,37.5078],[-122.203,37.5075],[-122.205,37.5081],[-122.206,37.5089],[-122.207,37.5097],[-122.209,37.5061],[-122.205,37.5],[-122.207,37.5],[-122.208,37.5],[-122.211,37.4986],[-122.211,37.4982],[-122.212,37.4933],[-122.211,37.4919],[-122.205,37.4903],[-122.205,37.49],[-122.203,37.4897],[-122.203,37.4894],[-122.199,37.4903],[-122.196,37.4889],[-122.196,37.4892],[-122.192,37.4908],[-122.19,37.4892],[-122.189,37.4892],[-122.185,37.4886],[-122.185,37.4889],[-122.183,37.4889],[-122.183,37.4886],[-122.181,37.4975],[-122.179,37.4994],[-122.179,37.4997],[-122.179,37.5019],[-122.178,37.5036],[-122.177,37.5039],[-122.181,37.5053],[-122.181,37.5056],[-122.183,37.5056],[-122.191,37.5031],[-122.192,37.5042],[-122.193,37.5058],[-122.188,37.5106],[-122.188,37.5125],[-122.188,37.5128],[-122.194,37.5164],[-122.196,37.5165],[-122.198,37.5164],[-122.198,37.5167],[-122.201,37.5172],[-122.202,37.5186],[-122.203,37.5186],[-122.203,37.5219],[-122.199,37.5233],[-122.199,37.5236],[-122.196,37.5237],[-122.194,37.5222],[-122.191,37.5203],[-122.188,37.5181],[-122.184,37.5196],[-122.177,37.51],[-122.173,37.5072],[-122.17,37.5058],[-122.169,37.5053],[-122.166,37.5019],[-122.168,37.4958],[-122.168,37.4903],[-122.169,37.4897],[-122.173,37.4894],[-122.173,37.4889],[-122.171,37.485],[-122.154,37.4825],[-122.154,37.4828],[-122.152,37.4856],[-122.152,37.4858],[-122.151,37.4872],[-122.149,37.4875],[-122.148,37.4872],[-122.144,37.4875],[-122.144,37.4878],[-122.146,37.4906],[-122.152,37.4894],[-122.155,37.4919],[-122.153,37.4975],[-122.144,37.4922],[-122.144,37.4919],[-122.139,37.4917],[-122.14,37.493],[-122.14,37.4939],[-122.136,37.4917],[-122.139,37.4894],[-122.141,37.4861],[-122.132,37.4872],[-122.127,37.49],[-122.125,37.4885],[-122.124,37.486],[-122.124,37.4836],[-122.123,37.4771],[-122.122,37.4775],[-122.121,37.4772],[-122.122,37.4752],[-122.123,37.4746],[-122.123,37.4733],[-122.123,37.4726],[-122.117,37.4653],[-122.116,37.4653],[-122.114,37.4647],[-122.113,37.4642],[-122.108,37.4622],[-122.107,37.4622],[-122.101,37.4613],[-122.101,37.4603],[-122.103,37.4564],[-122.11,37.458],[-122.111,37.4535],[-122.119,37.4524],[-122.127,37.4527],[-122.131,37.4526],[-122.135,37.4543],[-122.137,37.4543],[-122.139,37.4547],[-122.144,37.4564],[-122.146,37.4573],[-122.149,37.4567],[-122.152,37.4571],[-122.154,37.4566],[-122.157,37.4552],[-122.159,37.4551],[-122.162,37.4546],[-122.166,37.4532],[-122.17,37.4481],[-122.177,37.4425],[-122.18,37.4411],[-122.182,37.4392],[-122.185,37.4351],[-122.189,37.4314],[-122.19,37.4295],[-122.19,37.4282],[-122.189,37.4259],[-122.189,37.425],[-122.189,37.4227],[-122.191,37.42],[-122.19,37.4187],[-122.189,37.4155],[-122.192,37.4086],[-122.189,37.4023],[-122.189,37.3973],[-122.186,37.3888],[-122.193,37.3778],[-122.199,37.3726],[-122.202,37.3658],[-122.2,37.3586],[-122.192,37.3442],[-122.181,37.334],[-122.176,37.3283],[-122.183,37.3245],[-122.189,37.3193],[-122.186,37.3099],[-122.168,37.3135],[-122.161,37.3077],[-122.162,37.3036],[-122.167,37.2953],[-122.155,37.292],[-122.152,37.2862],[-122.152,37.2281],[-122.154,37.2163],[-122.245,37.217],[-122.246,37.1911],[-122.263,37.1912],[-122.281,37.188],[-122.321,37.1876],[-122.313,37.1496],[-122.291,37.1148],[-122.295,37.1084],[-122.295,37.1083],[-122.299,37.1108],[-122.3,37.1119],[-122.301,37.1119],[-122.301,37.1125],[-122.303,37.1139],[-122.305,37.1147],[-122.311,37.1175],[-122.312,37.1175],[-122.314,37.118],[-122.315,37.1176],[-122.314,37.1169],[-122.316,37.1161],[-122.317,37.1169],[-122.321,37.1158],[-122.322,37.1158],[-122.323,37.1153],[-122.326,37.1131],[-122.327,37.1131],[-122.33,37.1133],[-122.335,37.1178],[-122.335,37.1175],[-122.337,37.1289],[-122.338,37.1339],[-122.338,37.1342],[-122.339,37.1367],[-122.34,37.1378],[-122.342,37.14],[-122.343,37.14],[-122.344,37.1431],[-122.344,37.1433],[-122.347,37.145],[-122.348,37.1456],[-122.351,37.1453],[-122.352,37.1461],[-122.356,37.1486],[-122.36,37.1492],[-122.36,37.1505],[-122.36,37.1519],[-122.359,37.1544],[-122.364,37.1667],[-122.365,37.1686],[-122.366,37.1697],[-122.366,37.1703],[-122.367,37.1717],[-122.37,37.1731],[-122.372,37.175],[-122.372,37.1753],[-122.377,37.1797],[-122.378,37.1797],[-122.381,37.1814],[-122.383,37.1822],[-122.384,37.1822],[-122.386,37.1828],[-122.389,37.1832],[-122.395,37.1808],[-122.397,37.1861],[-122.398,37.1906],[-122.398,37.1911],[-122.404,37.195],[-122.404,37.1953],[-122.405,37.2],[-122.405,37.2003],[-122.405,37.2022],[-122.406,37.2047],[-122.406,37.205],[-122.407,37.2061],[-122.408,37.2108],[-122.408,37.2114],[-122.408,37.2128],[-122.409,37.2139],[-122.408,37.2167],[-122.408,37.2172],[-122.408,37.2192],[-122.41,37.2216],[-122.41,37.2228],[-122.411,37.2236],[-122.411,37.2247],[-122.41,37.2256],[-122.414,37.2317],[-122.415,37.2322],[-122.417,37.2367],[-122.419,37.2397],[-122.419,37.2447],[-122.419,37.245],[-122.419,37.2478],[-122.419,37.2481],[-122.419,37.2494],[-122.417,37.2536],[-122.416,37.2542],[-122.415,37.2569],[-122.414,37.2602],[-122.414,37.2606],[-122.414,37.2619],[-122.414,37.2632],[-122.414,37.265],[-122.413,37.2672],[-122.413,37.2675],[-122.411,37.2725],[-122.409,37.2831],[-122.409,37.2833],[-122.409,37.2856],[-122.408,37.2858],[-122.408,37.2897],[-122.408,37.29],[-122.408,37.2958],[-122.407,37.2961],[-122.406,37.2981],[-122.406,37.2989],[-122.406,37.2994],[-122.406,37.3003],[-122.406,37.3058],[-122.406,37.3061],[-122.405,37.3119],[-122.405,37.3122],[-122.405,37.3156],[-122.404,37.3158],[-122.404,37.3181],[-122.404,37.3183],[-122.403,37.3214],[-122.403,37.3217],[-122.404,37.3231],[-122.404,37.3247],[-122.404,37.325],[-122.403,37.328],[-122.403,37.3322],[-122.402,37.3325],[-122.402,37.3344],[-122.402,37.3347],[-122.401,37.3372],[-122.401,37.3397],[-122.401,37.34],[-122.401,37.3442],[-122.402,37.3444],[-122.402,37.3469],[-122.402,37.3474],[-122.401,37.3506],[-122.407,37.3624],[-122.407,37.363],[-122.409,37.3675],[-122.409,37.3761],[-122.41,37.3786],[-122.411,37.3792],[-122.413,37.3789],[-122.415,37.3794],[-122.415,37.38],[-122.417,37.3856],[-122.418,37.3856],[-122.419,37.3881],[-122.42,37.3889],[-122.422,37.3903],[-122.422,37.3942],[-122.423,37.3982],[-122.423,37.3989],[-122.427,37.4039],[-122.427,37.4056],[-122.428,37.4058],[-122.433,37.415],[-122.434,37.415],[-122.434,37.4161],[-122.435,37.4189],[-122.436,37.4203],[-122.437,37.4228],[-122.437,37.4233],[-122.438,37.4269],[-122.439,37.4278],[-122.439,37.4286],[-122.444,37.4439],[-122.444,37.4442],[-122.445,37.4458],[-122.445,37.4536],[-122.445,37.4539],[-122.445,37.4575],[-122.445,37.4578],[-122.445,37.46],[-122.446,37.4603],[-122.447,37.4672],[-122.447,37.4678],[-122.447,37.4686],[-122.454,37.4864],[-122.455,37.4867],[-122.459,37.4914],[-122.463,37.495],[-122.464,37.4958],[-122.466,37.4981],[-122.469,37.4994],[-122.471,37.5008],[-122.478,37.4969],[-122.481,37.4958],[-122.476,37.5019],[-122.48,37.5025],[-122.48,37.5019],[-122.486,37.5019],[-122.487,37.5028],[-122.492,37.4939],[-122.486,37.4944],[-122.485,37.4944],[-122.492,37.4928],[-122.496,37.495],[-122.498,37.495],[-122.499,37.4947],[-122.499,37.5008],[-122.501,37.5039],[-122.518,37.5275],[-122.518,37.5286],[-122.519,37.5336],[-122.514,37.55],[-122.514,37.5519],[-122.514,37.5556],[-122.516,37.5575],[-122.516,37.5578],[-122.514,37.5639],[-122.515,37.5669],[-122.516,37.5669],[-122.519,37.5675],[-122.517,37.5692],[-122.518,37.5717],[-122.519,37.5764],[-122.518,37.5836],[-122.518,37.5839],[-122.52,37.5925],[-122.515,37.5961],[-122.515,37.5968],[-122.51,37.5967],[-122.505,37.5964],[-122.505,37.5972],[-122.504,37.5972],[-122.502,37.5986],[-122.5,37.6014],[-122.5,37.6036],[-122.5,37.6042],[-122.502,37.6056],[-122.501,37.6083],[-122.498,37.6083],[-122.497,37.6106],[-122.499,37.6136],[-122.499,37.6139],[-122.497,37.6172],[-122.499,37.6197],[-122.499,37.62],[-122.496,37.6217],[-122.495,37.6267],[-122.495,37.6269],[-122.494,37.6317],[-122.494,37.6358],[-122.495,37.6378],[-122.495,37.6389],[-122.494,37.6461],[-122.494,37.6514],[-122.494,37.6517],[-122.494,37.6539],[-122.494,37.6589],[-122.494,37.6592],[-122.495,37.6642],[-122.497,37.6689],[-122.496,37.6692],[-122.496,37.6708],[-122.497,37.6711],[-122.496,37.6781],[-122.496,37.6783],[-122.496,37.6833],[-122.497,37.6836],[-122.497,37.6878],[-122.498,37.6881],[-122.498,37.6917],[-122.498,37.6919],[-122.5,37.7011],[-122.501,37.7014],[-122.501,37.7031],[-122.393,37.7079],[-122.393,37.7074],[-122.393,37.7069],[-122.392,37.7042]]]},{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-122.3368,37.1088],[-122.3366,37.1086],[-122.3358,37.1086],[-122.3354,37.1084],[-122.3353,37.108],[-122.3352,37.1078],[-122.3351,37.1075],[-122.3351,37.1074],[-122.3352,37.1072],[-122.3357,37.1072],[-122.3358,37.1073],[-122.3361,37.1074],[-122.3365,37.1075],[-122.3366,37.1075],[-122.3371,37.1074],[-122.3374,37.1076],[-122.3374,37.108],[-122.3374,37.1083],[-122.3376,37.1085],[-122.3378,37.1086],[-122.3382,37.1086],[-122.3384,37.1087],[-122.3386,37.1087],[-122.3388,37.1089],[-122.3387,37.1092],[-122.3383,37.1093],[-122.338,37.1094],[-122.3374,37.1092],[-122.3372,37.1091],[-122.337,37.1089],[-122.3368,37.1088]]]}]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"San Mateo\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045be4b0c8380cd50928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pampeyan, Earl H.","contributorId":54698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pampeyan","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015692,"text":"70015692 - 1986 - Optical reflection from planetary surfaces as an operator-eigenvalue problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015692","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1429,"text":"Earth, Moon and Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optical reflection from planetary surfaces as an operator-eigenvalue problem","docAbstract":"The understanding of quantum mechanical phenomena has come to rely heavily on theory framed in terms of operators and their eigenvalue equations. This paper investigates the utility of that technique as related to the reciprocity principle in diffuse reflection. The reciprocity operator is shown to be unitary and Hermitian; hence, its eigenvectors form a complete orthonormal basis. The relevant eigenvalue is found to be infinitely degenerate. A superposition of the eigenfunctions found from solution by separation of variables is inadequate to form a general solution that can be fitted to a one-dimensional boundary condition, because the difficulty of resolving the reciprocity operator into a superposition of independent one-dimensional operators has yet to be overcome. A particular lunar application in the form of a failed prediction of limb-darkening of the full Moon from brightness versus phase illustrates this problem. A general solution is derived which fully exploits the determinative powers of the reciprocity operator as an unresolved two-dimensional operator. However, a solution based on a sum of one-dimensional operators, if possible, would be much more powerful. A close association is found between the reciprocity operator and the particle-exchange operator of quantum mechanics, which may indicate the direction for further successful exploitation of the approach based on the operational calculus. ?? 1986 D. Reidel Publishing Company.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Moon and Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00057602","issn":"01679295","usgsCitation":"Wildey, R., 1986, Optical reflection from planetary surfaces as an operator-eigenvalue problem: Earth, Moon and Planets, v. 36, no. 2, p. 103-116, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00057602.","startPage":"103","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205446,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00057602"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ed5e4b0c8380cd75813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildey, R.L.","contributorId":9700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015055,"text":"70015055 - 1986 - Geochemical investigations of selected Eastern United States watersheds affected by acid deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T06:42:20","indexId":"70015055","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical investigations of selected Eastern United States watersheds affected by acid deposition","docAbstract":"<div><div class=\"article-section-wrapper \"><p>The effects of acid deposition on surface waters in eastern United States watersheds having similar size, physiography, climate and land use are related to the composition of the underlying bedrock. Watersheds developed on greenstone, calcareous shale, sandstone, granite, and schist differ in their ability to neutralize acid deposition. Surface waters in watersheds developed on greenstone and calcareous shale are not discernably affected by acidification. Wastersheds developed on sand-stone have little capacity to neutralize acid rain; consequently, stream acidity is similar to that of precipitation. Watersheds developed on granite and schist are intermediate in their capacity to neutralize acid deposition. Bedrock composition appears to be the major property controlling surface-water chemistry in these systems; hydrologic flow paths and the nature of surficial materials and vegetation also influence chemical responses to acid deposition in watersheds.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1144/gsjgs.143.4.0621","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Bricker, O.P., 1986, Geochemical investigations of selected Eastern United States watersheds affected by acid deposition: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 143, no. 4, p. 621-626, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.143.4.0621.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"621","endPage":"626","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              24.5271348225978\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.97265625,\n              24.5271348225978\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.97265625,\n              48.16608541901253\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              48.16608541901253\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              24.5271348225978\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"143","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1649e4b0c8380cd5510e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bricker, Owen P.","contributorId":25142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015665,"text":"70015665 - 1986 - A soil catena on schist in northwestern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T20:22:13.111456","indexId":"70015665","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A soil catena on schist in northwestern California","docAbstract":"<p>Soil characteristics in a small steepland watershed underlain by schist in a rainy, tectonically active area in northwestern California show close associations with drainage-basin position and slope characteristics. Five soil-topography units based on these associations are defined in the study watershed. Spatial relationships of soil series, and patterns of soil development as indicated by B-horizon clay content and redness, reflect interactions between pedogenesis and erosion. General soil-topography patterns include: (1) decreases in soil-development moving from low-order to higher-order stream vallyes; and (2) more developed soils on north-facing as opposed to south-facing slopes. Decreases in soil-profile development moving from slopes near low-order streams to slopes near higher-order streams approximately correlate with increases in gradient, vertical relief, and drainage density, and reflect a more vigorous stripping of regolith by erosion on the slopes near the higher-order streams. The larger percentage of area covered by the more developed soils on north-facing as opposed to south-facing slopes appears to reflect a contrast in the way dominant erosional processes interact with pedogenic processes.</p><p>Roadcuts on middle and upper slopes show soil discontinuities indicative of disturbance by block slides or slumps or both. Roadcuts on lower slopes show disrupted soils in small bedrock hollows that could have been created by rapid, shallow landslides or by the pulled-up root wads of toppled trees. Soil-profile characteristics and soil-topography patterns in the study area demonstrate that both erosional and pedogenic processes need to be considered when interpreting characteristics of hillslope soils.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7061(86)90032-7","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Marron, D., and Popenoe, J., 1986, A soil catena on schist in northwestern California: Geoderma, v. 37, no. 4, p. 307-324, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(86)90032-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"324","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.37772718842501,\n              41.622450655428366\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.37772718842501,\n              40.910176622566496\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22859344022442,\n              40.910176622566496\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22859344022442,\n              41.622450655428366\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.37772718842501,\n              41.622450655428366\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e59ce4b0c8380cd46e81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marron, D. C.","contributorId":16031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marron","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Popenoe, J.H.","contributorId":51468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015054,"text":"70015054 - 1986 - Ground-water flow in low permeability environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:08:29","indexId":"70015054","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water flow in low permeability environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Certain geologic media are known to have small permeability; subsurface environments composed of these media and lacking well developed secondary permeability have groundwater flow sytems with many distinctive characteristics. Moreover, groundwater flow in these environments appears to influence the evolution of certain hydrologic, geologic, and geochemical systems, may affect the accumulation of pertroleum and ores, and probably has a role in the structural evolution of parts of the crust. Such environments are also important in the context of waste disposal. This review attempts to synthesize the diverse contributions of various disciplines to the problem of flow in low-permeability environments. Problems hindering analysis are enumerated together with suggested approaches to overcoming them. A common thread running through the discussion is the significance of size- and time-scale limitations of the ability to directly observe flow behavior and make measurements of parameters. These limitations have resulted in rather distinct small- and large-scale approaches to the problem. The first part of the review considers experimental investigations of low-permeability flow, including in situ testing; these are generally conducted on temporal and spatial scales which are relatively small compared with those of interest. Results from this work have provided increasingly detailed information about many aspects of the flow but leave certain questions unanswered. Recent advances in laboratory and in situ testing techniques have permitted measurements of permeability and storage properties in progressively “tighter” media and investigation of transient flow under these conditions. However, very large hydraulic gradients are still required for the tests; an observational gap exists for typical in situ gradients. The applicability of Darcy's law in this range is therefore untested, although claims of observed non-Darcian behavior appear flawed. Two important nonhydraulic flow phenomena, osmosis and ultrafiltration, are experimentally well established in prepared clays but have been incompletely investigated, particularly in undisturbed geologic media. Small-scale experimental results form much of the basis for analyses of flow in low-permeability environments which occurs on scales of time and size too large to permit direct observation. Such large-scale flow behavior is the focus of the second part of the review. Extrapolation of small-scale experimental experience becomes an important and sometimes controversial problem in this context. In large flow systems under steady state conditions the regional permeability can sometimes be determined, but systems with transient flow are more difficult to analyze. The complexity of the problem is enhanced by the sensitivity of large-scale flow to the effects of slow geologic processes. One-dimensional studies have begun to elucidate how simple burial or exhumation can generate transient flow conditions by changing the state of stress and temperature and by burial metamorphism. Investigation of the more complex problem of the interaction of geologic processes and flow in two and three dimensions is just beginning. Because these transient flow analyses have largely been based on flow in experimental scale systems or in relatively permeable systems, deformation in response to effective stress changes is generally treated as linearly elastic; however, this treatment creates difficulties for the long periods of interest because viscoelastic deformation is probably significant. Also, large-scale flow simulations in argillaceous environments generally have neglected osmosis and ultrafiltration, in part because extrapolation of laboratory experience with coupled flow to large scales under in situ conditions is controversial. Nevertheless, the effects are potentially quite important because the coupled flow might cause ultra long lived transient conditions. The difficulties associated with analysis are matched by those of characterizing hydrologic conditions in tight environments; measurements of hydraulic head and sampling of pore fluids have been done only rarely because of the practical difficulties involved. These problems are also discussed in the second part of this paper.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i008p01163","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C.E., 1986, Ground-water flow in low permeability environments: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 8, p. 1163-1195, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i008p01163.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1195","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1484e4b0c8380cd54a86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, Christopher E. 0000-0003-2022-4055 ceneuzil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":2322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"Christopher","email":"ceneuzil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014637,"text":"70014637 - 1986 - FEATURE OF THE 3 MARCH 1985 CHILE EARTHQUAKE - POSSIBLE TERRAIN AMPLIFICATION.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70014637","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"FEATURE OF THE 3 MARCH 1985 CHILE EARTHQUAKE - POSSIBLE TERRAIN AMPLIFICATION.","docAbstract":"This paper presents results of site-response experiments performed five months after the M//s equals 7. 8 Central Chile Earthquake of 3 March 1985. The objectives of the experiments performed are to identify amplification due to topography and geology. Topographical amplification at Canal Beagle, a subdivision of Vina del Mar, was hypothesized immediately after the main event, when extensive damage was observed on the ridges of Canal Beagle. Spectral ratios determined from aftershock data obtained from a temporary dense array are used to show that there was substantial amplification of motions at the ridges of Canal Beagle.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering.","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Inst","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA, USA","isbn":"0943198070","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 1986, FEATURE OF THE 3 MARCH 1985 CHILE EARTHQUAKE - POSSIBLE TERRAIN AMPLIFICATION., Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering., v. 1, Charleston, SC, USA, p. 125-136.","startPage":"125","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e71e4b0c8380cd53462","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014638,"text":"70014638 - 1986 - Organic metamorphism in the Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales-II: Soxhlet extraction.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T08:28:11","indexId":"70014638","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2418,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic metamorphism in the Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales-II: Soxhlet extraction.","docAbstract":"We report on Soxhlet extraction (and subsequent related analyses) of 39 Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales from the North Dakota portion of the Williston Basin, and analyses of 28 oils from the Basin. Because of the influence of primary petroleum migration, no increase in the relative or absolute concentrations of hydrocarbons or bitumen was observed at the threshold of intense hydrocarbon generation (TIHG), or during mainstage hydrocarbon generation in the Bakken shales. Thus, the maturation indices that have been so useful in delineating the TIHG and mainstage hydrocarbon generation in other studies were of no use in this study, where these events could clearly be identified only by Rock-Eval pyrolysis data. The data of this study demonstrate that primary petroleum migration is a very efficient process. Four distinctive classes of saturated hydrocarbon gas chromatograms from the Bakken shales arose from facies, maturation, and primary migration controls. As a consequence of maturation, the % of saturated hydrocarbons increased in the shale extract at the expense of decreases in the resins and asphaltenes. Measurements involving resins and asphaltenes appear to be excellent maturation indices in the Bakken shales. Two different and distinct organic facies were present in immature Bakken shales. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-5457.1986.tb00392.x","issn":"01416421","usgsCitation":"Price, L., Ging, T., Love, A., and Anders, D., 1986, Organic metamorphism in the Lower Mississippian-Upper Devonian Bakken shales-II: Soxhlet extraction.: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 9, no. 3, p. 313-342, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1986.tb00392.x.","startPage":"313","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269627,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1986.tb00392.x"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fcfe4b0c8380cd75ca1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, L.C.","contributorId":48575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ging, T.","contributorId":88483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ging","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Love, A.","contributorId":49527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anders, D.","contributorId":105448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014640,"text":"70014640 - 1986 - Giant subtidal stromatolites forming in normal salinity waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70014640","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Giant subtidal stromatolites forming in normal salinity waters","docAbstract":"We report here the discovery of giant lithified subtidal columnar stromatolites (>2 m high) growing in 7-8 m of clear oceanic water in current-swept channels between the Exuma Islands on the eastern Bahama Bank. They grow by trapping ooid and pelletal carbonate sand and synsedimentary precipitation of carbonate cement within a field of giant megaripples. The discovery is important to geologists and biologists because similar organo-sedimentary structures built by a combination of cementation and the trapping of sediment by microbes were the dominant fossil types during the Precambrian. Stromatolites are thought to have been responsible for the production of free oxygen and thus the evolution of animal life1,2. Until the discovery of small lithified subtidal columnar stromatolites in the Bahamas3, the only subtidal marine examples known to be living while undergoing lithification were in the hypersaline waters of Hamelin Pool at Shark Bay, Western Australia4-7. Shark Bay stromatolites range from intertidal to the shallow subtidal with the larger columns reaching 1 m in height. The Shark Bay stromatolites have strongly influenced geological interpretation; by analogy, many ancient stromatolites have been considered to have grown in intertidal and/or hypersaline conditions8, although hypersalinity was not a necessity for growth during the Precambrian because grazing metazoan life had not then evolved. ?? 1986 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/324055a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Dill, R., Shinn, E., Jones, A., Kelly, K., and Steinen, R., 1986, Giant subtidal stromatolites forming in normal salinity waters: Nature, v. 324, no. 6092, p. 55-58, https://doi.org/10.1038/324055a0.","startPage":"55","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205629,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/324055a0"},{"id":225458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"324","issue":"6092","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28f1e4b0c8380cd5a55c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dill, R.F.","contributorId":27618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dill","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, A.T.","contributorId":34662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, K.","contributorId":45844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steinen, R.P.","contributorId":26450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinen","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014648,"text":"70014648 - 1986 - ON NONSTATIONARY STOCHASTIC MODELS FOR EARTHQUAKES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014648","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ON NONSTATIONARY STOCHASTIC MODELS FOR EARTHQUAKES.","docAbstract":"A seismological stochastic model for earthquake ground-motion description is presented. Seismological models are based on the physical properties of the source and the medium and have significant advantages over the widely used empirical models. The model discussed here provides a convenient form for estimating structural response by using random vibration theory. A commonly used random process for ground acceleration, filtered white-noise multiplied by an envelope function, introduces some errors in response calculations for structures whose periods are longer than the faulting duration. An alternate random process, filtered shot-noise process, eliminates these errors.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering.","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Inst","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA, USA","isbn":"0943198070","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., and Boore, D.M., 1986, ON NONSTATIONARY STOCHASTIC MODELS FOR EARTHQUAKES., Proceedings of the Third U. S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering., Charleston, SC, USA, p. 137-148.","startPage":"137","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a69e7e4b0c8380cd73f7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, Erdal","contributorId":73984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"Erdal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014649,"text":"70014649 - 1986 - Determination of the dissolved anion composition of ancient lakes from fossil ostracodes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T12:16:54.718549","indexId":"70014649","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of the dissolved anion composition of ancient lakes from fossil ostracodes","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15570496\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The mineralogy of evaporite and other precipitated minerals, together with geochemical studies, has provided traditional sources of information about the major dissolved ion composition (solutes) of ancient lakes. The paleocompositional resolving power of these methods is generally greatest in high-salinity lakes that precipitate numerous solute-sensitive evaporite minerals as opposed to dilute saline lakes that precipitate only a few minerals. Ostracodes live in dilute saline lakes where a species occurrence is determined by the relative proportions of the lake's major dissolved anions, so that each species describes specific areas on an anion trilinear diagram. Moreover, the upper salinity tolerance of each species appears to depend upon the types of major anions in solution and is therefore anion-specific. Knowledge about both anion and anion-salinity tolerances of an ostracode may ultimately provide a means of estimating absolute anion concentrations in paleolakes. Because ostracodes are common fossils in lake sediments, they provide an important new source of original paleocompositional information suitable for many geologic, climatic, geochemical, and paleontologic studies.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<796:DOTDAC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Forester, R.M., 1986, Determination of the dissolved anion composition of ancient lakes from fossil ostracodes: Geology, v. 14, no. 9, p. 796-798, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<796:DOTDAC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"796","endPage":"798","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffd6e4b0c8380cd4f407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014675,"text":"70014675 - 1986 - FASP, an analytic resource appraisal program for petroleum play analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:41:34","indexId":"70014675","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"FASP, an analytic resource appraisal program for petroleum play analysis","docAbstract":"An analytic probabilistic methodology for resource appraisal of undiscovered oil and gas resources in play analysis is presented in a FORTRAN program termed FASP. This play-analysis methodology is a geostochastic system for petroleum resource appraisal in explored as well as frontier areas. An established geologic model considers both the uncertainty of the presence of the assessed hydrocarbon and its amount if present. The program FASP produces resource estimates of crude oil, nonassociated gas, dissolved gas, and gas for a geologic play in terms of probability distributions. The analytic method is based upon conditional probability theory and many laws of expectation and variance. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(86)90061-0","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., and Balay, R., 1986, FASP, an analytic resource appraisal program for petroleum play analysis: Computers & Geosciences, v. 12, no. 4, p. 423-475, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(86)90061-0.","startPage":"423","endPage":"475","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266186,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(86)90061-0"},{"id":226100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e6de4b0c8380cd53451","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, R.H.","contributorId":44177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015041,"text":"70015041 - 1986 - Thalenite from Arizona.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015041","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thalenite from Arizona.","docAbstract":"Thalenite occurs as a minor constituent of a single small pegmatite within an extensive area of granite a few miles S of Kingman, Arizona. Partly crystalline and partly metamict, this thalenite has composition Y3(Si3O10)(OH), with extensive substitution of Y by REE, especially Dy, Er and Yb. Upon heating, even at moderate T, both the crystalline and the metamict thalenite are converted to a phase with a structure corresponding with that of thortveitite, Sc2Si2O7.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, J., and Pabst, A., 1986, Thalenite from Arizona.: American Mineralogist, v. 71, no. 1-2, p. 188-193.","startPage":"188","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba606e4b08c986b320e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.","contributorId":28744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pabst, A.","contributorId":93203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pabst","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015689,"text":"70015689 - 1986 - Manganese biogeochemistry in a small Adirondack forested lake watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T08:18:30","indexId":"70015689","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Manganese biogeochemistry in a small Adirondack forested lake watershed","docAbstract":"<p>I<span>n September and October 1981, manganese (Mn) concentrations and&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>H were intensively monitored in a small forested lake watershed in the west-central Adirondack Mountains, New York, during two large acidic storms (each ∼5 cm rainfall,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>H 4.61 and 4.15). The data were evaluated to identify biogeochemical pathways of Mn and to assess how these pathways are altered by acidic atmospheric inputs. Concentrations of Mn averaged 1.1 μg/L in precipitation and increased to 107 μg/L in canopy throughfall, the enrichment reflecting active biological cycling of Mn. Rain<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>H and throughfall Mn were negatively correlated, suggesting that foliar leaching of Mn was enhanced by rainfall acidity. The pulselike input of Mn to the forest floor in the high initial concentrations in throughfall (∼1000 μg/L) did not affect Mn concentrations in soil water (&lt; 20 μg/L) or groundwater (usually &lt; 40 μg/L), which varied little with time. In the inlet stream, Mn concentrations remained constant at 48 μg/L as discharge varied from 1.1 to 96 L/s. Manganese was retained in the vegetative cycle and regulated in the stream by adsorption in the soil organic horizon. The higher Mn levels in the stream may be linked to its high acidity (pH 4.2–4.3). Mixing of Mn-rich stream water with neutral lake water (</span><i>p</i><span>H 7.0) caused precipitation of Mn and deposition in lake sediment.</span><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i012p01647","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., 1986, Manganese biogeochemistry in a small Adirondack forested lake watershed: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 12, p. 1647-1656, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i012p01647.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1647","endPage":"1656","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains","volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ab2e4b0c8380cd68f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014855,"text":"70014855 - 1986 - Algal growth response to particle-bound orthophosphate and zinc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:52:54","indexId":"70014855","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Algal growth response to particle-bound orthophosphate and zinc","docAbstract":"Effects of Zn (0-1 mu M total Zn(II)) and orthophosphate (8-12 mu M total P) additions on growth indices for the chlorophyte Selenastrum capricornutum were examined in a medium containing 50 mg liter-1 colloidal titania. Over the Zn(II) concentration range used, detrimental growth and yield effects were observed. Addition of P to a synthetic growth medium increased stationary phase cell density, but had minimal effect on growth rate and duration of lag phase. Presence of TiO2 particles in culture media significantly reduced Zn and P dissolved fractions.-from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Davis, J., and Chang, C.C., 1986, Algal growth response to particle-bound orthophosphate and zinc: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 31, no. 3, p. 503-511.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267947,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_31/issue_3/0503.pdf"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e95ee4b0c8380cd48223","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015671,"text":"70015671 - 1986 - Correlation between electron spin resonance spectra and oil yield in eastern oil shales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T14:50:00.680958","indexId":"70015671","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation between electron spin resonance spectra and oil yield in eastern oil shales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Organic free radical spin concentrations were measured in 60 raw oil shale samples from north Alabama and south Tennessee and compared with Fischer assays and uranium concentrations. No correlation was found between spin concentration and oil yield for the complete set of samples. However, for a 13 sample set taken from a single core hole, a linear correlation was obtained. No correlation between spin concentration and uranium concentration was found.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(86)90220-6","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Choudhury, M., Rheams, K., and Harrell, J., 1986, Correlation between electron spin resonance spectra and oil yield in eastern oil shales: Fuel, v. 65, no. 7, p. 1028-1029, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(86)90220-6.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1028","endPage":"1029","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223617,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.37456993153201,\n              32.702206801472116\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.09985055454013,\n              32.72901501471566\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.17534790477956,\n              32.89557581242053\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.59058333109745,\n              34.97029118279818\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.34487705214198,\n              34.97029118279818\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.25050536434185,\n              35.070762130165775\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.21275668922213,\n              35.2096717734008\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.99572361762525,\n              35.2328003257619\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.93910060494541,\n              35.40220816157148\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.78810590446602,\n              35.4944627495977\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.61823686642647,\n              35.525190770999345\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.42949349082738,\n              35.548229068990395\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14637842742813,\n              35.70164852061998\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.00482089572853,\n              35.73229707040622\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.89157487036881,\n              35.87771660147956\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.75239657340731,\n              35.92835190767221\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.22425501240622,\n              35.43008027793503\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.15819483094602,\n              35.18363664727461\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.32806386898555,\n              35.0601335957857\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.31862670020577,\n              34.975116694400214\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.20470089349247,\n              34.99058088648353\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.11032920569289,\n              34.85129807260124\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.37456993153201,\n              32.702206801472116\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc29e4b0c8380cd4e15a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choudhury, M.","contributorId":6592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choudhury","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rheams, K.F.","contributorId":72063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rheams","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrell, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":42360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrell","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014678,"text":"70014678 - 1986 - Fission-track dating of the tectonic development of the San Juan Islands, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T18:08:30.798514","indexId":"70014678","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fission-track dating of the tectonic development of the San Juan Islands, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>The San Juan Islands of Washington State form a geologically complex province located between the north Cascades, Vancouver Island, and the Olympic Peninsula. We have obtained 53 fission-track dates from the San Juan Islands province that help constrain its late Paleozoic to early Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary history and its relationship to neighboring geologic terranes. The San Juan Islands can be divided into two main blocks separated by the Haro fault. South of the Haro fault, complexly deformed, metamorphosed, and probably exotic early Paleozoic to early Late Cretaceous rocks form four imbricate thrust plates separated by south- and east-dipping late Early to Late Cretaceous thrust faults. Reset zircon fission-track dates indicate that thrusting may have produced an upside-down geothermal gradient in the uppermost plate, the Decatur terrane. If present, this gradient was probably produced by conductive or frictional heating associated with a now-eroded overlying thrust fault and hot thrust plate. Cretaceous thrusting in the southern San Juan Islands was accompanied by uplift and resetting of apatite fission-track dates. In contrast to correlative rocks of the southern San Juan Islands, Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous rocks in and north of the Haro fault zone are essentially unmetamorphosed and only broadly folded. Apatite dates from the Upper Triassic Haro Formation and the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Spieden Group indicate they did not participate in Late Cretaceous uplift of the southern San Juan Islands. Together with their basement (the Wrangellia terrane?), these rocks probably acted as a backstop to thrusting. The synorogenic Late Cretaceous Nanaimo basin formed north of the Haro fault in front of the advancing San Juan Islands thrust system. The age of Nanaimo deposition matches uplift (apatite) dates in the southern San Juan Islands, and detrital zircons from the Nanaimo Group yield dates consistent with southern San Juan Islands sources. Burial led to resetting of apatite dates in what is probably the deeper part of the Nanaimo basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e86-127","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Zimmerman, R., Naeser, C.W., and Whetten, J.T., 1986, Fission-track dating of the tectonic development of the San Juan Islands, Washington: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 23, no. 9, p. 1318-1330, https://doi.org/10.1139/e86-127.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1318","endPage":"1330","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.03986234478636,\n              48.45420372262035\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01192042689229,\n              48.45190377164579\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.97627039371784,\n              48.450625656554564\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9733798504875,\n              48.444873740524\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.95796361992532,\n              48.44743022807731\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.95796361992532,\n              48.45701591030331\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.94929199023434,\n              48.462766451038476\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.93869333172269,\n              48.45190377164579\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.92616764439128,\n              48.45765489144409\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.92231358675086,\n              48.450625656554564\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.93772981731259,\n              48.44039957765099\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.92520412998117,\n              48.43528576606465\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.90593384177856,\n              48.436564267220405\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.88280949593549,\n              48.43017143970832\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.89533518326691,\n              48.42633535711607\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.89726221208758,\n              48.418022851442515\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.86161217891265,\n              48.41482537190441\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84812297717116,\n              48.4199412426392\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.83463377542917,\n              48.42313840042422\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.81439997281643,\n              48.417383371622975\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.80572834312547,\n              48.42249898495447\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.79705671343402,\n              48.42761408348761\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.80380131430525,\n              48.43464650342219\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.80380131430525,\n              48.44039957765099\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.79705671343402,\n              48.44551287447703\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.79802022784415,\n              48.45254281712701\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.81247294399621,\n              48.45765489144409\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.81439997281643,\n              48.46340535979661\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.80765537194569,\n              48.47362680618943\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.81632700163664,\n              48.47809804160042\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.80669185753558,\n              48.48448483720597\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.79127562697337,\n              48.49406352281693\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7816404828723,\n              48.50427879323226\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.76140668025957,\n              48.50683228919499\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.76911479554043,\n              48.52215056329652\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.78356751169251,\n              48.527255625488095\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.79802022784415,\n              48.530446028052864\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.78742156933295,\n              48.53491225396289\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7671877667198,\n              48.551241951306594\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.76622425230968,\n              48.56017034004091\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.77104182436022,\n              48.56845957587882\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.78645805492242,\n              48.583759211356494\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.80380131430483,\n              48.5907699969184\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.79512968461339,\n              48.602240093593565\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.80283779989472,\n              48.61752950494542\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.79320265579318,\n              48.62389872670744\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.79031211256284,\n              48.62963033915068\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.77489588200066,\n              48.63472455928246\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.74695396410706,\n              48.64554806935291\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.74406342087674,\n              48.65318679584425\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.73539179118578,\n              48.66464271595845\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.76429722348948,\n              48.6729148169251\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.79320265579318,\n              48.68118555998015\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.79994725666393,\n              48.68754674603281\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.77874993964156,\n              48.691363072009125\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7556255937985,\n              48.691363072009125\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.75273505056771,\n              48.707897142365255\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.82018105927666,\n              48.74793794500164\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.88570003916541,\n              48.770169059696\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.91364195705901,\n              48.775249075900746\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.93772981731216,\n              48.78921647019652\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.95314604787436,\n              48.79239033590886\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98012445135785,\n              48.79048604057351\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9570001055148,\n              48.77651899963922\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.92616764439089,\n              48.770169059696\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.92520412998077,\n              48.751114420923955\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.90593384177814,\n              48.744761268273464\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87799192388496,\n              48.716162140974205\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9107514138291,\n              48.71679785386317\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.93869333172269,\n              48.71489069109552\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9570001055152,\n              48.714254954105684\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.94832847582424,\n              48.70153852725517\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9560365911051,\n              48.69517910875078\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.96470822079607,\n              48.69390712864063\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.96856227843698,\n              48.68500236802649\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.98397850899869,\n              48.68054939718536\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9984312251508,\n              48.66718812242732\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01866502776352,\n              48.657005725161355\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.02251908540396,\n              48.64300157004075\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.03408125832524,\n              48.63536130063588\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.03600828714545,\n              48.672914816925555\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01577448453318,\n              48.67800466565592\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0022852827912,\n              48.6945431227125\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0022852827912,\n              48.70662548361395\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.00710285484175,\n              48.715526420051276\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.00324879720131,\n              48.72251890836722\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0128839413024,\n              48.7250613903943\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.03119071509491,\n              48.720611962498964\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.04467991683688,\n              48.720611962498964\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.05142451770764,\n              48.71171192581269\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.06105966180873,\n              48.70662548361395\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.16800976133305,\n              48.6824578614677\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20269628009738,\n              48.69390712864063\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.2373827988622,\n              48.69390712864063\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.24220037091274,\n              48.68881888682955\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.23449225563189,\n              48.67355107613875\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.19980573686706,\n              48.65827863731536\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1757178766139,\n              48.648094440090574\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.15644758841127,\n              48.6340878098942\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.13332324256822,\n              48.630903942402824\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.14970298754052,\n              48.629630339151134\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18438950630535,\n              48.62262494664961\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.21040439537873,\n              48.59459365183608\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.2036597945075,\n              48.581847010130474\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18824356394578,\n              48.58439659568904\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.17957193425434,\n              48.57419748177915\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18149896307501,\n              48.55825724652976\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.16608273251282,\n              48.543587792548635\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.16897327574314,\n              48.5269998103056\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1468124443102,\n              48.502107645932426\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.12368809846714,\n              48.48742191840245\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.10827186790493,\n              48.48742191840245\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.09574618057354,\n              48.477841978198114\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.07069480591026,\n              48.473370720219094\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.03986234478636,\n              48.45420372262035\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10c4e4b0c8380cd53dcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, S. Y.","contributorId":48572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, R.A.","contributorId":64304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whetten, J. T.","contributorId":26015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whetten","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014867,"text":"70014867 - 1986 - The Schwarzwalder uranium deposit, III: Alteration, vein mineralization, light stable isotopes, and genesis of the deposit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T17:53:56.035825","indexId":"70014867","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Schwarzwalder uranium deposit, III: Alteration, vein mineralization, light stable isotopes, and genesis of the deposit","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Schwartzwalder uranium deposit formed at 69.3 + or - 1.1 m.y. in a complex fracture system during the inception of Laramide uplift of the Front Range in Colorado. Geologic and isotopic evidence demonstrates that the ore-forming fluids were in chemical equilibrium with the Proterozoic metavolcanic and metasedimentary host-rock terrane at depth and that the metals, sulfur, and carbonate deposited in the fractures were derived from the metamorphic rocks. The data are not consistent with chemical contributions from an unrecognized magma or from the overlying Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks. The protoliths for the metamorphic rocks were submarine volcanic rocks and related volcanogenic exhalative iron-formations and chert. Water trapped along the basement faults and in the regolith between the basement and the overlying Paleozoic sedimentary rocks interacted with the metavolcanic rocks to produce isotopically heavy fluids containing high concentrations of dissolved metals and carbonate. Calculated delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O values for this fluid range from 4.3 to 8.2 per mil, indicating a low water/rock ratio in the source terrane.Two stages of alteration and three stages of vein mineralization are recorded in the Schwartzwalder deposit. At the onset of Laramide faulting, fluids migrated along the fracture systems to zones of low hydraulic potential. These fluids contained CO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and had a metastably large K/Na ratio; they altered the gneissic wall rocks to a carbonate-sericite assemblage, adding K (super +) and CO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and removing SiO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;with little or no change in volume. As the fractures continued to open, CO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;was evolved from the fluids, increasing the pH and superimposing a hematite-adularia alteration assemblage on the earlier alteration.The veins record three stages of mineralization, the second of which generated the high-grade uranium veins. Evidence for the stage I sulfide-carbonate mineralization is poorly preserved, but isotopic and temperature data from this stage are consistent with a trend in fluid composition culminating in stage II pitchblende deposition. Sudden, large movements along the faults caused episodic evolution of CO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;from the fluid. This loss of CO&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;decreased the solubilities of carbonates and adularia and the stabilities of sulfur species in solution. Uranyl carbonate complexes dissociated and sulfur species in solution likely reduced the uranyl ions to produce stage II pitchblende. Carbonate, adularia, and sulfides dominated the vein mineralogy after deposition of pitchblende. Progressively lower delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O values in vein carbonates suggest the mixing of cooler, less evolved, perhaps meteoric, waters during the later stages of mineralization. However, the fluid pressure remained high, as indicated by explosion breccias and inward collapse features which formed as fault movements produced sudden decreases in the confining pressure. Only the stage III carbonate-iron disulfide assemblage in the major postore segment of the Illinois fault may be the product of meteoric water alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.81.4.872","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Wallace, A.R., and Whelan, J.F., 1986, The Schwarzwalder uranium deposit, III: Alteration, vein mineralization, light stable isotopes, and genesis of the deposit: Economic Geology, v. 81, no. 4, p. 872-888, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.4.872.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"872","endPage":"888","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8dde4b08c986b321ed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, A. R.","contributorId":59445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014854,"text":"70014854 - 1986 - Solid and fluid inclusions in mantle xenoliths: An analytical dilemma?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T01:40:22.786713","indexId":"70014854","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solid and fluid inclusions in mantle xenoliths: An analytical dilemma?","docAbstract":"<p>Two Cr-diopside Iherzolite xenoliths with kaersutite selvages, from Dish Hill, California, contain four types of solid and fluid inclusions that can be used to discriminate between actual mantle processes and processes acting upon a fragment of mantle as it is entrained and carried to the earth surface. On the basis of distribution, early formed inclusions are assigned to a process associated with emplacement of dikes in the mantle. The other types of inclusions were generated during ascent in the host basalt magma.</p><div id=\"15570530\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Solid and fluid inclusions are important sites of incompatible element concentrations in mantle xenoliths. Scientists assigning specific chemical signatures to mantle processes are confronted with an analytical dilemma: leaching of xenolith samples before analysis may destroy inclusions that are carrying intrinsic mantle components, whereas failure to leach the samples probably leaves a host-rock contaminant. Thin-section maps of these xenoliths show that the distribution and abundance of two types of solid inclusions are systematic. Through the use of these maps it is demonstrated that zones in xenoliths with the least amount of postentrainment contamination can be pinpointed, and the problems resulting from random leaching can be minimized.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<437:SAFIIM>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Noller, J., 1986, Solid and fluid inclusions in mantle xenoliths: An analytical dilemma?: Geology, v. 14, no. 5, p. 437-440, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<437:SAFIIM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"440","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9237e4b08c986b319d7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noller, J.S.","contributorId":49837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noller","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014676,"text":"70014676 - 1986 - ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT AND DRIFT, MODELED AS A VISCOUS FLUID.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014676","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2928,"text":"Ocean science and engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT AND DRIFT, MODELED AS A VISCOUS FLUID.","docAbstract":"A dynamic/thermodynamic numerical model of sea ice has been used to calculate the yearly cycle of sea ice thicknesses, concentrations, and velocities in the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas. The model combines the formulations of two previous models, taking the thermodynamics and momentum equations from the model of Parkinson and Washington and adding the constitutive equation and equation of state from the model of Ling, Rasmussen, and Campbell. Simulated annually averaged ice drift vectors compare well with observed ice drift from the Arctic Ocean Buoy Program.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ocean science and engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02752220","usgsCitation":"Ling, C., and Parkinson, C.L., 1986, ARCTIC SEA ICE EXTENT AND DRIFT, MODELED AS A VISCOUS FLUID.: Ocean science and engineering, v. 11, no. 1-2, p. 71-98.","startPage":"71","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e634e4b0c8380cd47247","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ling, Chi-Hai","contributorId":55154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ling","given":"Chi-Hai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkinson, Claire L.","contributorId":20916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkinson","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014858,"text":"70014858 - 1986 - Danburite in evaporites of the Paradox basin, Utah.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T11:09:12.65241","indexId":"70014858","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Danburite in evaporites of the Paradox basin, Utah.","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12459190\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Danburite (CaB<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>Si<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>O<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>8</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>) has been found as nodules in Pennsylvanian age marine evaporites of the Paradox basin, Utah. Originally danburite had been known as a high-temperature mineral that occurs at numerous localities in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Since its discovery in water-insoluble residues from a Louisiana salt dome in 1937, it has been found in several other evaporites. The occurrence of danburite and its relation to the host rock in the Paradox basin evaporites indicates that it most likely formed by diagenetic reaction of boron-rich, high-salinity brines with constituents in the anhydrite host rock.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F88D2-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Raup, O.B., and Madsen, B., 1986, Danburite in evaporites of the Paradox basin, Utah.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 56, no. 2, p. 248-251, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F88D2-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225734,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd61e4b0c8380cd4e7e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raup, O. B.","contributorId":19175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raup","given":"O.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madsen, B.M.","contributorId":26312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014856,"text":"70014856 - 1986 - Biomass and productivity of three phytoplankton size classes in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T09:54:25","indexId":"70014856","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomass and productivity of three phytoplankton size classes in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>The 5-22 mu m size accounted for 40-50% of annual production in each embayment, but production by phytoplanton &gt;22 mu m ranged from 26% in the S reach to 54% of total phytoplankton production in the landward embayment of the N reach. A productivity index is derived that predicts daily productivity for each size class as a function of ambient irradiance and integrated chlorophyll a in the photic zone. For the whole phytoplankton community and for each size class, this index was constant at approx= 0.76 g C m-2 (g chlorophyll a Einstein)-1. The annual means of maximum carbon assimilation numbers were usually similar for the three size classes. Spatial and temporal variations in size-fractionated productivity are primarily due to differences in biomass rather than size-dependent carbon assimilation rates. -from Authors</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1351944","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Cole, B., Cloern, J., and Alpine, A., 1986, Biomass and productivity of three phytoplankton size classes in San Francisco Bay: Estuaries, v. 9, no. 2, p. 117-126, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351944.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f18be4b0c8380cd4acbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpine, A.E.","contributorId":6063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpine","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014519,"text":"70014519 - 1986 - New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014519","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale","docAbstract":"The determination of osmium content and isotopic abundances in geological materials has received increasing attention in recent years following the proposal of Alvarez et al.1 that mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous period were caused by the impact of a large (???10km) meteorite which left anomalously high iridium levels as a geochemical signature in the boundary shales. Here we report a new and simple method for measuring osmium in geological materials, involving fusion of the sample with sodium peroxide, distillation of the osmium as the tetroxide using perchloric acid, extraction into chloroform, and absorption of the chloroform extract onto graphite powder before instrumental neutron activation analysis. In a variant of this technique, the chloroform extract is back-extracted into an aqueous phase and the osmium isotopes are determined by plasma-source mass spectrometry (ICPMS). We have used this method on the Woodside Creek (New Zealand) Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary clay and have obtained the first osmium content (6g ng g-1) for this material. The 187Os/186Os ratio is 1.12??0.16, showing a typical non-crustal signature. This combined distillation-extraction- ICPMS method will prove to be useful for measuring osmium isotopes in other geological materials. ?? 1986 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/322816a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Lichte, F., Wilson, S., Brooks, R., Reeves, R., Holzbecher, J., and Ryan, D., 1986, New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale: Nature, v. 322, no. 6082, p. 816-817, https://doi.org/10.1038/322816a0.","startPage":"816","endPage":"817","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205649,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322816a0"},{"id":225710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"322","issue":"6082","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65eae4b0c8380cd72ca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, S.M.","contributorId":52731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, R.R.","contributorId":71324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holzbecher, J.","contributorId":99305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzbecher","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, D.E.","contributorId":68472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}