{"pageNumber":"4469","pageRowStart":"111700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184785,"records":[{"id":70016107,"text":"70016107 - 1990 - Geographic information system as country-level development and monitoring tool, Senegal example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016107","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geographic information system as country-level development and monitoring tool, Senegal example","docAbstract":"Geographic information systems (GIS) allow an investigator the capability to merge and analyze numerous types of country-level resource data. Hypothetical resource analysis applications in Senegal were conducted to illustrate the utility of a GIS for development planning and resource monitoring. Map and attribute data for soils, vegetation, population, infrastructure, and administrative units were merged to form a database within a GIS. Several models were implemented using a GIS to: analyze development potential for sustainable dryland agriculture; prioritize where agricultural development should occur based upon a regional food budget; and monitor dynamic events with remote sensing. The steps for implementing a GIS analysis are described and illustrated, and the use of a GIS for conducting an economic analysis is outlined. Using a GIS for analysis and display of results opens new methods of communication between resource scientists and decision makers. Analyses yielding country-wide map output and detailed statistical data for each level of administration provide the advantage of a single system that can serve a variety of users.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceDate":"18 April 1990 through 25 April 1990","conferenceLocation":"Bangkok, Thail","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI, United States","issn":"02755505","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.G., and Howard, S.M., 1990, Geographic information system as country-level development and monitoring tool, Senegal example, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 2, Bangkok, Thail, 18 April 1990 through 25 April 1990.","startPage":"683","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1769e4b0c8380cd554c9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536321,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Donald G.","contributorId":41146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016100,"text":"70016100 - 1990 - A new tree-ring date for the \"floating island\" lava flow, Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016100","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new tree-ring date for the \"floating island\" lava flow, Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"Anomalously narrow and missing rings in trees 12 m from Mount St. Helens' \"floating island\" lava flow, and synchronous growth increases in trees farther from the flow margin, are evidence that this andesitic flow was extruded between late summer 1799 and spring 1800 a.d., within a few months after the eruption of Mount St. Helens' dacitic layer T tephra. For ease of reference, we assign here an 1800 a.d. date to this flow. The new date shows that the start of Mount St. Helens' Goat Rocks eruptive period (1800-1857 a.d.) resembled the recent (1980-1986) activity in both petrochemical trends and timing. In both cases, an initial explosive eruption of dacite was quickly succeeded by the eruption of more mafic lavas; dacite lavas then reappeared during an extended concluding phase of activity. This behavior is consistent with a recently proposed fluid-dynamic model of magma withdrawal from a compositionally zoned magma chamber. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00301535","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Yamaguchi, D., Hoblitt, R., and Lawrence, D., 1990, A new tree-ring date for the \"floating island\" lava flow, Mount St. Helens, Washington: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, no. 7, p. 545-550, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301535.","startPage":"545","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301535"},{"id":223044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4bae4b0c8380cd468a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yamaguchi, D.K.","contributorId":26074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamaguchi","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, D.B.","contributorId":33061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016099,"text":"70016099 - 1990 - Application of a hollow-fiber, tangential-flow device for sampling suspended bacteria and particles from natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T14:56:41","indexId":"70016099","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a hollow-fiber, tangential-flow device for sampling suspended bacteria and particles from natural waters","docAbstract":"<p><span>The design and application of a hollow-fiber tangential-flow filtration device has been used to concentrate bacteria and suspended particles from large volume surface water and groundwater samples (i.e., hundreds of liters). Filtrate tlux rates (4&ndash;8 L min</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>) are equal to or faster than those of other devices that are based on continuous flow centrifugation and plate and frame filtration. Particle recovery efficiencies for inorganic particles (approximately 90%) were similar to other dewatering devices, but microbial cell recoveries (30&ndash;90%) were greatly improved by this technique relative to other currently available methods. Although requirements for operation and maintenance of the device are minimal, its size, as with other dewatering devices, limits its applicability at remote sample sites. Nevertheless, it has proven useful for sample collection in studies involving microbial transport and analysis of particle-associated trace inorganic solutes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq1990.00472425001900030045x","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., and Harvey, R., 1990, Application of a hollow-fiber, tangential-flow device for sampling suspended bacteria and particles from natural waters: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 19, no. 3, p. 625-629, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1990.00472425001900030045x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec8de4b0c8380cd49334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016169,"text":"70016169 - 1990 - Radarclinometry of the Earth and Venus from space-shuttle and Venera-15 imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016169","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1429,"text":"Earth, Moon and Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radarclinometry of the Earth and Venus from space-shuttle and Venera-15 imagery","docAbstract":"The project to develop a line-integral approach to 2-dimensional radarclinometry and to bring it to the status of producing topographic maps from real radar images has been concluded. The final developments of the theory itself have involved a trial-and-error resolution of the curvature decision process at each integration step over range as follows: (1) Locally Indeterminate Azimuth-Azimuth Curvature is invoked if the range-directed path of integration is within 1 ??? in angle of the tangent to a local characteristic curve of the partial differential equation of radarclinometry (equivalent to a lapse in the necessity for an auxiliary curvature assumption); (2) Local Cylindricity is invoked if the local image isophote has a radius-of-curvature greater than 50 pixels; (3) Least-Squared Local Sphericity is invoked if the characteristic curve trends at greater than 70 ??? to the range direction (the auxiliary curvature assumption is becoming a sufficiently strong influence as to warrant the overconstraint), and (4) the default hypothesis, which is invoked most often, is the localization through the Euler/Lagrange equation from the calculus of variations of the global principle of minimization of the surface area of the terrain. The development of the set of line integrals into a 2-dimensional topographic surface is not practically achieved by branching the line integral at the range threshold, because the radarclinometry equations are too frequently coupled but weakly to the slope component in the direction of radar-azimuth, and under circumstances for which the powerfully influential auxiliary curvature assumption is too unrealistic. In other words, a line integration in radar-azimuth is far more frequently directed orthogonally to the local characteristic curve than is one carried out over range. Such orthogonality results in stepping the strike under the exclusive control of the curvature assumption. Instead, a quasi-surface-integration step is taken by modeling the dependence on initial strike of the gravitational potential energy of the vertical slab of terrain under the range-profile. The adopted starting strike for the range integral is the one which minimizes the gravitational potential energy. This radarclinometric method, in combination with my recently published method for determining an effective radar back-scattering function from one-dimensional slope statistics and image pixel-signal statistics, was applied to three images. First, to separate theoretical difficulties from experimental impediments, an artificial radar image was generated from a topographic map of the Lake Champlain West quadrangle in the Adirondack Mountains. Except for the regional trend in elevation, to which radarclinometry is insensitive by design, the agreement between the original and derived topography appears good. The morphologies agree and the range of relief is the same to within 4%. As an example of data of the highest quality available from space-borne radar at the present time, a SIR-B image of very rugged terrain in the coastal mountains of Oregon was similarly processed. The result, after filtering to redistribute photoclinometric errors about the two-dimensional spatial spectrum, agrees with ground truth almost as well. As an example of the worst possible data, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and radar incidence angle (no detraction from the praise due the first high resolution space-borne radar-imaging of Venus intended), a Venera-15 image segment in Sedna Planitia just north-east of Sapho was processed, using Venera altimetry and Pioneer roughness data for slope statistics, in spite of the resolution mis-match. Considerably more trial-and-error filtering was required. The result appears plausible, but an error check is, of course, impossible. ?? 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Moon and Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00113857","issn":"01679295","usgsCitation":"Wildey, R., 1990, Radarclinometry of the Earth and Venus from space-shuttle and Venera-15 imagery: Earth, Moon and Planets, v. 48, no. 3, p. 197-231, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00113857.","startPage":"197","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205360,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00113857"},{"id":223303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a938ce4b0c8380cd80eba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildey, R.L.","contributorId":9700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016172,"text":"70016172 - 1990 - Magnetic forward models of Cement oil field, Oklahoma, based on rock magnetic, geochemical, and petrologic constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:30:49.879271","indexId":"70016172","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic forward models of Cement oil field, Oklahoma, based on rock magnetic, geochemical, and petrologic constraints","docAbstract":"<p><span>Magnetic forward models of the Cement oil field, Oklahoma, were generated to assess the possibility that ferrimagnetic pyrrhotite related to hydrocarbon seepage in the upper 1 km of Permian strata contributes to aeromagnetic anomalies at Cement. Six bodies having different magnetizations were constructed for the magnetic models, based on geology and on petrologic and geochemical results, supplemented by rock magnetic measurements of shallow-core and outcrop samples. The column of rock through which hydrocarbons have passed is divided into three sulfide zones on the basis of pyrrhotite content, and the column is capped by a 30 m thick zone that contains ferric oxide minerals formed mainly from oxidized pyrite. Red beds unaffected by sulfidization, as well as a zone of rock depleted in hematite but lacking sulfide, surround sulfidic zones.The synthetic magnetic profiles are controlled mainly by pyrrhotite-bearing strata at depths of 200-500 m. The magnetizations of these bodies are calculated from: (1) petrographic estimates of pyrrhotite content relative to pyrite; (2) content of sulfide sulfur determined from chemical analysis; and (3) values for the magnetic susceptibility of monoclinic pyrrhotite. Total magnetizations of the bodies of highest pyrrhotite content range from about 3 X 10 (super -3) to 56 X 10 (super -3) A/m in the present field direction and yield magnetic anomalies (at 120 m altitude) having amplitudes of less than 1 nT to approximately 6 to 7 nT, respectively. Such amplitudes are much lower than those (as high as 60 nT) reported from the original total-field survey over the Cement field.Numerous assumptions were made in the generation of the models, and thus the results neither prove nor disprove the existence of aeromagnetic anomalies related to hydrocarbon seepage at Cement. Nevertheless, the results suggest that pyrrhotite, formed via hydrocarbon reactions and within a range of concentrations estimated at Cement, is capable of causing magnetic anomalies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442842","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Webring, M., Grauch, V.J., and Tuttle, M., 1990, Magnetic forward models of Cement oil field, Oklahoma, based on rock magnetic, geochemical, and petrologic constraints: Geophysics, v. 55, no. 3, p. 344-353, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442842.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223354,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b6ee4b0c8380cd69539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webring, M.","contributorId":67662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webring","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tuttle, M.","contributorId":26397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015740,"text":"70015740 - 1990 - Source inversion of the 1988 Upland, California, earthquake: Determination of a fault plane for a small event","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T00:32:29.083705","indexId":"70015740","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source inversion of the 1988 Upland, California, earthquake: Determination of a fault plane for a small event","docAbstract":"<p>We examined short-period P waves to investigate if waveform data could be used to determine which of two nodal planes was the actual fault plane for a small (ML 4.6) earthquake near Upland, California. We removed path and site complications by choosing a small aftershock (ML 2.7) as an empirical Green function. The main shock P waves were deconvolved by using the empirical Green function to produce simple far-field displacement pulses. We used a least-squares method to invert these pulses for the slip distribution on a finite fault. Both nodal planes (strike 125°, dip 85° and strike 221°, dip 40°) of the first-motion focal mechanism were tested at various rupture velocities. The southwest trending fault plane consistently gave better fitting solutions than the southeast-trending plane. We determined a moment of 4.2 × 1022 dyne-cm. The rupture velocity, and thus the source area could not be well resolved, but if we assume a reasonable rupture velocity of 0.87 times the shear wave velocity, we obtain a source area of 0.97 km2 and a stress drop of 38 bars. Choice of a southwest-trending fault plane is consistent with the trend of the nearby portion of the Transverse Ranges frontal fault zone and indicates left-lateral motion. This method provides a way to determine the fault plane for small earthquakes that have no surface rupture and no obvious trend in aftershock locations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0800030507","usgsCitation":"Mori, J., and Hartzell, S., 1990, Source inversion of the 1988 Upland, California, earthquake: Determination of a fault plane for a small event: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 80, no. 3, p. 507-518, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0800030507.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.78470180187463,\n              34.20109870938646\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.78470180187463,\n              34.01973318949351\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.53268938642012,\n              34.01973318949351\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.53268938642012,\n              34.20109870938646\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.78470180187463,\n              34.20109870938646\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b932be4b08c986b31a333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mori, J.","contributorId":24923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015916,"text":"70015916 - 1990 - Interpretation of Na-K-Mg relations in geothermal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70015916","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interpretation of Na-K-Mg relations in geothermal waters","docAbstract":"When using a Na-K-???Mg triangular diagram as an aid in the interpretation of a geothermal water, the estimated temperature of last water-rock equilibration may change by as much as 50??C, depending on which of the many Na/K geothermometers one assumes is correct. A particular geothermometer may work well in one place and not in another because of differences in the mineralogy of the phases that are in contact with the reservoir fluid. The position of the full equilibrium line that is used for geothermometry and for assessing degrees of departure from equilibrium also changes as the assumed K/???Mg geothermometer equation changes. The degree of ambiguity can be evaluated by utilizing the results of all the recently published Na/K geothermometers on a single Na-K-???Mg triangular plot.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"1990 International Symposium on Geothermal Energy","conferenceDate":"20 August 1990 through 24 August 1990","conferenceLocation":"Kailua-Kona, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412685","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R., 1990, Interpretation of Na-K-Mg relations in geothermal waters, <i>in</i> Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 14, no. pt 2, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, 20 August 1990 through 24 August 1990, p. 1421-1425.","startPage":"1421","endPage":"1425","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d5fe4b0c8380cd63501","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016096,"text":"70016096 - 1990 - Near-surface velocities and attenuation at two boreholes near Anza, California, from logging data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T11:06:51.429084","indexId":"70016096","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-surface velocities and attenuation at two boreholes near Anza, California, from logging data","docAbstract":"<p>To investigate near-surface site effects in granite rock, we drilled 300-m-deep boreholes at two sites which are collocated with stations from the digital array at Anza, California. The first borehole was sited at station KNW (Keenwild fire station), which is located along a ridge line about 8.7 km east of the San Jacinto Fault zone. Station PFO (Piñon Flat Observatory), chosen for the second site, is another 6 km further to the east of station KNW and is located on a gently sloping hillside. We logged each borehole for P- and S-wave velocities, as well as for crack density and orientation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0800040807","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.B., Fumal, T., Liu, H., and Carroll, L., 1990, Near-surface velocities and attenuation at two boreholes near Anza, California, from logging data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 80, no. 4, p. 807-831, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0800040807.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"831","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222991,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.82306309081514,\n              33.64775282269589\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.82306309081514,\n              33.47954708489645\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54979434156269,\n              33.47954708489645\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54979434156269,\n              33.64775282269589\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.82306309081514,\n              33.64775282269589\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a640be4b0c8380cd72843","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fumal, T.","contributorId":46692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, Hsi-Ping","contributorId":59944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Hsi-Ping","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carroll, L.C.","contributorId":28373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015921,"text":"70015921 - 1990 - The relation of catastrophic flooding of Mangala Valles, Mars, to faulting of Memnonia Fossae and Tharsis volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:55:46.973578","indexId":"70015921","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relation of catastrophic flooding of Mangala Valles, Mars, to faulting of Memnonia Fossae and Tharsis volcanism","docAbstract":"<p><span>Detailed stratigraphic relations indicate two coeval periods of catastrophic flooding and Tharsis centered faulting (producing Memnonia Fossae) in the Mangala Valles region of Mars. Major sequences of lava flows of the Tharsis Montes Formation and local, lobate plains flows were erupted during and between these channeling and faulting episodes. First, Late Hesperian channel development overlapped in time the Tharsis-centered faulting that trends north 75° to 90°E. Next, Late Hesperian/Early Amazonian flooding was coeval with faulting that trends north 55° to 70°E. In some reaches, resistant lava flows filled the early channels, resulting in inverted channel topography after the later flooding swept through. Both floods likely originated from the same graben, which probably was activated during each episode of faulting. Faulting broke through groundwater barriers and tapped confined aquifers in higher regions west and east of the point of discharge. The minimum volume of water required to erode Mangala Valles (about 5×10</span><sup>12</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>) may have been released through two floods that drained a few percent pore volume from a relatively permeable aquifer. The peak discharges of the floods may have lasted from days to weeks. The perched water discharged from the aquifer may have been produced by hydrothermal groundwater circulation induced by Tharsis magmatism, tectonic uplift centered at Tharsis Montes, and compaction of saturated crater ejecta due to loading by lava flows.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB09p14315","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., and Chapman, M.G., 1990, The relation of catastrophic flooding of Mangala Valles, Mars, to faulting of Memnonia Fossae and Tharsis volcanism: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B9, p. 14315-14323, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB09p14315.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"14315","endPage":"14323","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf0ae4b08c986b3244e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, M. G.","contributorId":105737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016173,"text":"70016173 - 1990 - Multidisciplinary hydrologic investigations at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016173","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multidisciplinary hydrologic investigations at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Future climatic conditions and tectonic processes have the potential to cause significant changes of the hydrologic system in the southern Great Basin, where a nuclear-waste repository is proposed for construction above the water table at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Geothermal anomalies in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain probably result from the local and regional transport of heat by ground-water flow. Regionally and locally irregular patterns of hydraulic potential, local marsh and pond deposits, and calcite veins in faults and fractures probably are related principally to climatically imposed hydrologic conditions within the geologic and topographic framework. However, tectonic effects on the hydrologic system have also been proposed as the causes of these features, and existing data limitations preclude a full evaluation of these competing hypotheses. A broad program that integrates many disciplines of earth science is required in order to understand the relation of hydrology to past, present and future climates and tectonism.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Topical Meeting on High Level Radioactive Waste Management. Part 1","conferenceDate":"8 April 1990 through 12 April 1990","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627519","usgsCitation":"Dudley, W.W., 1990, Multidisciplinary hydrologic investigations at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, Proceedings of the 1st International Topical Meeting on High Level Radioactive Waste Management. Part 1, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 8 April 1990 through 12 April 1990, p. 1-9.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6021e4b0c8380cd712f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, William W. Jr.","contributorId":107270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016174,"text":"70016174 - 1990 - Variations in the styles of erosion along the Florida Escarpment, eastern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T19:14:53","indexId":"70016174","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in the styles of erosion along the Florida Escarpment, eastern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"GLORIA sidescan sonographs and Seabeam bathymetric data show morphological differences along the Florida Escarpment which reflect that different erosional styles have been active along different parts of this carbonate platform edge. The northern half of the escarpment is cut by numerous small ravines spaced 1-5 km apart. Its southern half is deeply incised by large box canyons that have flat floors and steep headwalls. The northern half of the escarpment is covered by Cenozoic-aged sediments, and erosion appears to be limited to this Cenozoic cover. An apron of this eroded material is accumulating along the base of this half of the escarpment, extending as much as 30 km from its base. South of 27??N, active erosion of older strata of the escarpment is shown by talus deposits of Lower Cretaceous limestone that occur at the heads of box canyons. The box canyons are not evenly distributed, but instead are most abundant where two basins that underlie the Florida Platform intersect the escarpment. Pleistocene-aged sediments eroded from the slope above the escarpment are funnelled through small valleys into the heads of the box canyons. The smooth headwalls of the box canyons suggest that downslope transport of the material from the slope above the escarpment does little to erode the escarpment. Instead, erosion triggered by dissolution of the carbonate rocks by acidic brines that seep out of the escarpment is the proposed mechanism of escarpment retreat. The concentration of the erosion at the heads of the box canyons may indicate sites where the platform rocks are more intensely fractured, thus enhancing permeability and flow of brines. The concentration of box canyons in the escarpment sections adjacent to sedimentary basins beneath the platform may reflect regional differences in the geology and hydrology of the platform. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-8172(90)90003-Y","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Parson, L., and Paull, C.K., 1990, Variations in the styles of erosion along the Florida Escarpment, eastern Gulf of Mexico: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 7, no. 3, p. 253-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(90)90003-Y.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"266","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              23.079731762449878\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5185546875,\n              23.079731762449878\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5185546875,\n              31.16580958786196\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              31.16580958786196\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.9658203125,\n              23.079731762449878\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc190e4b08c986b32a64d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parson, L.M.","contributorId":69156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parson","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016149,"text":"70016149 - 1990 - The laser microprobe mass analyser for determining partitioning of minor and trace elements among intimately associated macerals: An example from the Swallow Wood coal bed, Yorkshire, UK","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T13:49:05.341884","indexId":"70016149","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The laser microprobe mass analyser for determining partitioning of minor and trace elements among intimately associated macerals: An example from the Swallow Wood coal bed, Yorkshire, UK","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study of the elemental composition of intimately associated coal macerals in the English Swallow Wood coal bed was conducted using a laser microprobe mass analyser, and indicated a similar trace and minor elemental chemistry in the vitrinite and cutinite and a different elemental signature in the fusinite. Three to six sites were analysed within each maceral during the study by laser micro mass spectrometry (LAMMS). Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Cr, Dy, F, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Na, S, Si, Sr, Ti, V, and Y were detected by LAMMS in all three macerals but not necessarily at each site analysed. The signal intensities of major isotopic peaks were normalized to the signal intensity of the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>m</mtext><mtext>z</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">mz</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;85 peak (C</span><sub>7</sub><span>H) to determine the relative minor- and trace-element concentrations among the three dominant macerals. The vitrinite and the cutinite were depleted in Ba, Ca, Dy, Li, Mg, Sr, and Y relative to their concentrations observed in the fusinite. The cutinite was distinguished over vitrinite by less Ti, V, Cr and Ca, and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>K</mtext><mtext>Ca</mtext><mtext>$</mtext><mtext>&amp;#x306;</mtext><mtext>1</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">KCa$1</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;(relative signal intensities). The fusinite, relative to the cutinite and vitrinite, was relatively depleted in Cr, Sc, Ti, and V. The fusinite, as compared with both the cutinite and vitrinite, was relatively enriched in Ba, Ca, Dy, Li, Mg, Sr, and Y, and also showed the most intense&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>m</mtext><mtext>z</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">mz</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;64, 65, 66 signals (possibly S</span><sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup><span>, HS</span><sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup><span>, H</span><sub>2</sub><span>S</span><sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup><span>, respectively). The LAMMS data indicate a common source for most elements and selective loss from the maceral precursors in the peat or entrapment of certain elements as mineral matter, most likely during the peat stage or during early diagenesis. The relatively high amounts of Ba, Ca, Dy, Li, Mg, Sr, and Y in the fusinite are consistent with micron and submicron mineral-matter inclusions such as carbonates and Ca-Al phosphates (probably crandallite group minerals). Mineralogical data on the whole coal, the LAMMS chemistry of the vitrinite and cutinite, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDAX) of the elements in the macerals are consistent with the presence of micron and submicron inclusions of clays such as kaolinite, illite, and Ca-rich or Ca-bearing minerals (e.g. calcite, Ca-Al phosphates, and illite) which are different in kind and proportions in the three macerals. The variance as measured by the&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><span>-statistic for all three macerals indicates generally a nonuniform distribution of minor and trace elements in all three macerals, thus supporting a mineral-matter (inorganic) origin of the elements analysed. Exceptions are Al, K, Fe, Ga, and Sr in the vitrinite and cutinite, which is consistent with organic complexing or a uniform distribution of micron or submicron mineral matter such as illite and phosphate(s).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(90)90044-Q","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., Morelli, J., Hercules, D., Lineman, D., Thompson-Rizer, C., and Dulong, F., 1990, The laser microprobe mass analyser for determining partitioning of minor and trace elements among intimately associated macerals: An example from the Swallow Wood coal bed, Yorkshire, UK: Fuel, v. 69, no. 6, p. 771-775, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(90)90044-Q.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"775","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222942,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"England","state":"Yorkshire","otherGeospatial":"Swallow Wood Coal Bed, United Kingdom","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -2.2883238120533065,\n              53.97896780503851\n            ],\n            [\n              -2.2883238120533065,\n              53.227029906474456\n            ],\n            [\n              -0.6542962761306228,\n              53.227029906474456\n            ],\n            [\n              -0.6542962761306228,\n              53.97896780503851\n            ],\n            [\n              -2.2883238120533065,\n              53.97896780503851\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad80e4b08c986b323c5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morelli, J.J.","contributorId":90891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hercules, D.M.","contributorId":86905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hercules","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lineman, D.","contributorId":92114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lineman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson-Rizer, C. L.","contributorId":72939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson-Rizer","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70015777,"text":"70015777 - 1990 - Source complexity of the 1987 Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake from the inversion of strong motion records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T16:06:39.834856","indexId":"70015777","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source complexity of the 1987 Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake from the inversion of strong motion records","docAbstract":"<p><span>Strong motion records for the Whittier Narrows earthquake are inverted to obtain the history of slip. Both constant rupture velocity models and variable rupture velocity models are considered. The results show a complex rupture process within a relatively small source volume, with at least four separate concentrations of slip. Two sources are associated with the hypocenter, the larger having a slip of 55–90 cm, depending on the rupture model. These sources have a radius of approximately 2–3 km and are ringed by a region of reduced slip. The aftershocks fall within this low slip annulus. Other sources with slips from 40 to 70 cm each ring the central source region and the aftershock pattern. All the sources are predominantly thrust, although some minor right-lateral strike-slip motion is seen. The overall dimensions of the Whittier earthquake from the strong motion inversions is 10 km long (along the strike) and 6 km wide (down the dip). The preferred dip is 30° and the preferred average rupture velocity is 2.5 km/s. Moment estimates range from 7.4 to 10.0×10</span><sup>24</sup><span>&nbsp;dyn cm, depending on the rupture model.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB08p12475","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., and Iida, M., 1990, Source complexity of the 1987 Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake from the inversion of strong motion records: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B8, p. 12475-12485, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB08p12475.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"12475","endPage":"12485","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9329e4b08c986b31a326","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iida, M.","contributorId":59563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iida","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016392,"text":"70016392 - 1990 - Mineralized and unmineralized calderas in Spain; Part II, evolution of the Rodalquilar caldera complex and associated gold-alunite deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:42","indexId":"70016392","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralized and unmineralized calderas in Spain; Part II, evolution of the Rodalquilar caldera complex and associated gold-alunite deposits","docAbstract":"The Rodalquilar caldera complex is located in the western part of the Cabo de Gata volcanic field in southeastern Spain and is the first documented example of epithermal gold-alunite mineralization within a caldera in Europe. The Rodalquilar caldera is an oval collapse structure having a maximum diameter of 8 km and formed at 11 Ma from eruption of the Cinto ash-flow tuff. The oval Lomilla caldera, with a diameter of 2 km, is nested within the central resurgent dome of the older Rodalquilar caldera. The Lomilla caldera resulted from the eruption of the Lazaras ash-flow tuff which was ponded within the moat of the Rodalquilar caldera. The last phase of volcanic activity in the caldera complex was the emplacement of hornblende andesite flows and intrusions. This magmatic event resulted in structural doming of the caldera, opening of fractures and faults, and provided the heat source for the large hydrothermal systems which deposited quartz-alunite type gold deposits and base metal vein systems. The gold-alunite deposits are enclosed in areas of intense acid sulfate alteration and localized in ring and radial faults and fractures present in the east wall of the Lomilla caldera. Like other acid-sulfate type deposits, the Rodalquilar gold-alunite deposits are closely related in time and space to porphyritic, intermediate composition magma emplaced along caldera structures but unrelated to the caldera forming magmatic system. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00205247","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Rytuba, J.J., Arribas, A., Cunningham, C.G., McKee, E., Podwysocki, M.H., Smith, J., Kelly, W., and Arribas, A., 1990, Mineralized and unmineralized calderas in Spain; Part II, evolution of the Rodalquilar caldera complex and associated gold-alunite deposits: Mineralium Deposita, v. 25, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00205247.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205327,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205247"},{"id":223011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5a87e4b0c8380cd6ef3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arribas, A. Jr.","contributorId":80427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arribas","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunningham, C. G.","contributorId":76741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"C.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Podwysocki, M. H.","contributorId":70391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podwysocki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":44534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":373352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kelly, W.C.","contributorId":53963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arribas, A.","contributorId":12202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arribas","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70016360,"text":"70016360 - 1990 - Ages of travertine deposits in eastern Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T06:56:37","indexId":"70016360","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ages of travertine deposits in eastern Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"Travertine deposits in eastern Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, are inferred to have formed under conditions of effective wetness that were greater than present. Uranium-series dating of 17 samples indicates that the deposits formed at about 15,000, 71,000, 111,000, 171,000, and 338,000 yr B.P. Intervals of travertine deposition are essentially contemporaneous with dated high paleolake levels, montane glacial maxima, and high paleowater-table levels from several Great Basin localities. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(90)90070-2","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Szabo, B.J., 1990, Ages of travertine deposits in eastern Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: Quaternary Research, v. 34, no. 1, p. 24-32, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90070-2.","startPage":"24","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266518,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90070-2"},{"id":223318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e905e4b0c8380cd48049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016095,"text":"70016095 - 1990 - Thermodynamics of open networks: Ordering and entropy in NaAlSiO4 glass, liquid, and polymorphs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016095","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3066,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamics of open networks: Ordering and entropy in NaAlSiO4 glass, liquid, and polymorphs","docAbstract":"The thermodynamic properties of carnegieite and NaAlSiO4 glass and liquid have been investigated through Cp determinations from 10 to 1800 K and solution-calorimetry measurements. The relative entropies S298-S0 of carnegieite and NaAlSiO4 glass are 118.7 and 124.8 J/mol K, respectively. The low-high carnegieite transition has been observed at 966 K with an enthalpy of transition of 8.1??0.3 kJ/mol, and the enthalpy of fusion of carnegieite at the congruent melting point of 1799 K is 21.7??3 kJ/mol. These results are consistent with the reported temperature of the nepheline-carnegieite transition and available thermodynamic data for nepheline. The entropy of quenched NaAlSiO4 glass at 0 K is 9.7??2 J/mol K and indicates considerable ordering among AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra. In the liquid state, progressive, temperature-induced Si, Al disordering could account for the high configurational heat capacity. Finally, the differences between the entropies and heat capacities of nepheline and carnegieite do not seem to conform to current polyhedral modeling of these properties ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00212206","issn":"03421791","usgsCitation":"Richet, P., Robie, R.A., Rogez, J., Hemingway, B.S., Courtial, P., and Tequi, C., 1990, Thermodynamics of open networks: Ordering and entropy in NaAlSiO4 glass, liquid, and polymorphs: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, v. 17, no. 5, p. 385-394, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212206.","startPage":"385","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212206"},{"id":222990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb282e4b08c986b325851","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richet, P.","contributorId":42356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richet","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogez, J.","contributorId":26073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogez","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Courtial, P.","contributorId":82850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courtial","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tequi, C.","contributorId":66852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tequi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70016093,"text":"70016093 - 1990 - Late cenozoic subduction complex of Sicily","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-10T11:15:11.650582","indexId":"70016093","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late cenozoic subduction complex of Sicily","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Besides remnants of Hercynian deformations in the Peloritani nappe and of pre-Oligocene Alpine structures in the Troiani nappe, most compressive structures observed in the Sicilian accretionary wedge result from the late Cenozoic (Tortonian to Present) continental subduction of the Apulia (Iblei) block, and are thus synchronous with distensive structures related to the opening of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Syntectonic deposits fill southward-migrating foredeeps in a sequential fashion, and the dating of these deposits helps to constrain the timing of deformation. Similarly, Plio-Quaternary sediments, eroded from the accreted units, rest on top of the allochthon in either compressive piggy-back depressions or extensional basins. The age and configuration of these overlap deposits constrain our reconstructions of the subsurface geometry of the underlying peri-Tyrrhenian detachment faults or S-verging thrust-faults. Post-depositional erosion, normal faulting and syntectonic filling of basins contribute to maintaining the critical taper of the prism, whose geometry is continuously altered owing to frontal accretion, underplating and isostatic uplift.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0191-8141(90)90009-N","issn":"01918141","usgsCitation":"Roure, F., Howell, D.G., Muller, C., and Moretti, I., 1990, Late cenozoic subduction complex of Sicily: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 12, no. 2, p. 259-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(90)90009-N.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4546e4b0c8380cd67194","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roure, F.","contributorId":25706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roure","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, D. G.","contributorId":52546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muller, C.","contributorId":65227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moretti, I.","contributorId":87693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moretti","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016359,"text":"70016359 - 1990 - Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T15:31:11.290759","indexId":"70016359","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and <i>p</i>-cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15","title":"Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15","docAbstract":"<p><span>The dissimilatory Fe(III) reducer, GS-15, is the first microorganism known to couple the oxidation of aromatic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) and the first example of a pure culture of any kind known to anaerobically oxidize an aromatic hydrocarbon, toluene. In this study, the metabolism of toluene, phenol, and&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>-cresol by GS-15 was investigated in more detail. GS-15 grew in an anaerobic medium with toluene as the sole electron donor and Fe(III) oxide as the electron acceptor. Growth coincided with Fe(III) reduction. [</span><i>ring</i><span>-</span><sup>14</sup><span>C]toluene was oxidized to&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, and the stoichiometry of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;production and Fe(III) reduction indicated that GS-15 completely oxidized toluene to carbon dioxide with Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. Magnetite was the primary iron end product during toluene oxidation. Phenol and&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>-cresol were also completely oxidized to carbon dioxide with Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor, and GS-15 could obtain energy to support growth by oxidizing either of these compounds as the sole electron donor.&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>-Hydroxybenzoate was a transitory extracellular intermediate of phenol and&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>-cresol metabolism but not of toluene metabolism. GS-15 oxidized potential aromatic intermediates in the oxidation of toluene (benzylalcohol and benzaldehyde) and&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>-cresol (</span><i>p</i><span>-hydroxybenzylalcohol and&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>-hydroxybenzaldehyde). The metabolism described here provides a model for how aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols may be oxidized with the reduction of Fe(III) in contaminated aquifers and petroleum-containing sediments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.56.6.1858-1864.1990","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., and Lonergan, D., 1990, Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1858-1864, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.6.1858-1864.1990.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1858","endPage":"1864","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479838,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.6.1858-1864.1990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eac6e4b0c8380cd48a47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lonergan, D.J.","contributorId":86110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonergan","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016150,"text":"70016150 - 1990 - Temporal variability of remotely sensed suspended sediment and sea surface temperature patterns in Mobile Bay, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:07:54.329576","indexId":"70016150","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variability of remotely sensed suspended sediment and sea surface temperature patterns in Mobile Bay, Alabama","docAbstract":"<p>Distribution patterns of suspended sediments and sea surface temperatures in, Mobile Bay were derived from algorithms using digital data from the visible, near infrared, and infrared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-TIROS-N satellite. Closely spaced AVHRR scenes for January 20, 24, and 29, 1982, were compared with available environmental information taken during the same period. A complex interaction between river discharge, winds, and astronomical tides controlled the distribution patterns of suspended sediments. These same variables, coupled with air temperatures, also governed the distribution patterns of sea surface temperatures.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1351584","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Rucker, J., Stumpf, R.P., and Schroeder, W., 1990, Temporal variability of remotely sensed suspended sediment and sea surface temperature patterns in Mobile Bay, Alabama: Estuaries, v. 13, no. 2, p. 155-160, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351584.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Mobile Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.2147216796875,\n              30.18787014479982\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6983642578125,\n              30.18787014479982\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6983642578125,\n              30.99173704508671\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.2147216796875,\n              30.99173704508671\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.2147216796875,\n              30.18787014479982\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba522e4b08c986b32082c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rucker, J.B.","contributorId":53955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rucker","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stumpf, R. P.","contributorId":30649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroeder, W.W.","contributorId":41595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016356,"text":"70016356 - 1990 - Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of hydrothermal minerals from Yellowstone drill cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:42","indexId":"70016356","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of hydrothermal minerals from Yellowstone drill cores","docAbstract":"Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios were measured for hydrothermal minerals (silica, clay and calcite) from fractures and vugs in altered rhyolite, located between 28 and 129 m below surface (in situ temperatures ranging from 81 to 199??C) in Yellowstone drill holes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of formation of these minerals. The ??18O values of the thirty-two analyzed silica samples (quartz, chalcedony, ??-cristobalite, and ??-cristobalite) range from -7.5 to +2.8???. About one third of the silica 7samples have ??18O values that are consistent with isotopic equilibrium with present thermal waters; most of the other silica samples appear to have precipitated from water enriched in 18O (up to 4.7???) relative to present thermal water, assuming precipitation at present in situ temperatures. Available data on fluid-inclusion homogenization temperatures in hydrothermal quartz indicate that silica precipitation occurred mostly at temperatures above those measured during drilling and imply that 15O enrichments in water during silica precipitation were generally larger than those estimated from present conditions. Similarly, clay minerals (celadonite and smectite) have ??18O values higher (by 3.5 to 7.9???) than equilibrium values under present conditions. In contrast, all eight analyzed calcite samples are close to isotopic equilibrium with present thermal waters. The frequent incidence of apparent 18O enrichment in thermal water from which the hydrothermal minerals precipitated may indicate that a higher proportion of strongly 18O-enriched deep hydrothermal fluid once circulated through shallow portions of the Yellowstone system, or that a recurring transient 18O-enrichment effect occurs at shallow depths and is caused either by sudden decompressional boiling or by isotopic exchange at low water/rock ratios in new fractures. The mineralogy and apparent 18O enrichments of hydrothermal fracture-filling minerals are consistent with deposition during transient boiling or rock-water exchange (fracturing) events. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sturchio, N., Keith, T.E., and Muehlenbachs, K., 1990, Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of hydrothermal minerals from Yellowstone drill cores: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 40, no. 1, p. 23-37.","startPage":"23","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7279e4b0c8380cd76afc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sturchio, N.C.","contributorId":16580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturchio","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muehlenbachs, K.","contributorId":38715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muehlenbachs","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016091,"text":"70016091 - 1990 - High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T17:19:48.564842","indexId":"70016091","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals","docAbstract":"<p><span>The reflectance spectra of minerals are studied as a function of spectral resolution in the range from 0.2 to 3.0 μm. Selected absorption bands were studied at resolving powers (λ/Δλ) as high as 2240. At resolving powers of approximately 1000, many OH‐bearing minerals show diagnostic sharp absorptions at the resolution limit. At low resolution, some minerals may not be distinguishable, but as the resolution is increased, most can be easily identified. As the resolution is increased, many minerals show fine structure, particularly in the OH‐stretching overtone region near 1.4 μm. The fine structure can enhance the ability to discriminate between minerals, and in some cases the fine structure can be used to determine elemental composition. For example, in amphiboles and talcs, four absorption bands are observed in the samples analyzed in this study that are due to hydroxyl linked to Mg</span><sub>3</sub><span>, Mg</span><sub>2</sub><span>Fe, MgFe</span><sub>2</sub><span>, and Fe</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;sites. The band intensities have been shown by other investigators to give the Fe:Fe+Mg ratio from transmission spectra. This study shows that the same equations can be used to obtain the ratio from reflectance spectra of unprepared samples. High‐resolution reflectance Spectroscopy of minerals may prove to be a very important tool in the laboratory, in the field using field‐portable spectrometers, from aircraft, and from satellites looking at Earth or other planetary surfaces.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB08p12653","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., King, T.V., Klejwa, M., Swayze, G.A., and Vergo, N., 1990, High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B8, p. 12653-12680, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB08p12653.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"12653","endPage":"12680","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30d3e4b0c8380cd5d9a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, T. V. V.","contributorId":6192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klejwa, M.","contributorId":54740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klejwa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vergo, N.","contributorId":12627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vergo","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70016090,"text":"70016090 - 1990 - Chronologic and isotopic framework for early Proterozoic crustal evolution in the eastern Mojave Desert region, SE California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:34:04.68862","indexId":"70016090","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronologic and isotopic framework for early Proterozoic crustal evolution in the eastern Mojave Desert region, SE California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Early Proterozoic geologic evolution of the eastern Mojave Desert region, as defined by characteristics of its supracrustal rocks, granitoids, metamorphism, structural history, and Pb and Nd isotopic signature, contrasts sharply with other Proterozoic provinces of the southwestern United States. The oldest supracrustal rocks of the Mojave Desert region contain zircons over 2.0 Ga, corroborating Nd isotopic evidence for a much older crust here than elsewhere in the southwestern United States. Granitoids widely emplaced within these supracrustal rocks range from 1.76 to 1.64 Ga. The earlier plutons and surrounding supracrustal rocks were metamorphosed to granulite and high amphibolite facies throughout the province at about 1705 Ma in a migmatite-producing event that we term (informally) the Ivanpah orogeny. Subsequent granitoids, emplaced from 1.69 to 1.67 Ga, were voluminous along a north trending belt in the middle of the Mojave province. Younger plutons were emplaced at about 1.66 Ga in several places and at about 1.64 Ga along the extreme southern part of the province. Commonalities between the Proterozoic evolutions of the Mojave and Arizona crustal provinces do not conclusively establish the time that the provinces were juxtaposed; the data only suggest that the juxtaposition occurred between about 1.76 and 1.64 Ga.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB12p20133","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wooden, J.L., and Miller, D., 1990, Chronologic and isotopic framework for early Proterozoic crustal evolution in the eastern Mojave Desert region, SE California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, no. B12, p. 20133-20146, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p20133.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"20133","endPage":"20146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5f2e4b0c8380cd4c4dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, D. M. 0000-0003-3711-0441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":104422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016181,"text":"70016181 - 1990 - Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T15:52:59","indexId":"70016181","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems","docAbstract":"<p>Equations are presented describing equilibrium in binary solid-solution aqueous-solution (SSAS) systems after a dissolution, precipitation, or recrystallization process, as a function of the composition and relative proportion of the initial phases. Equilibrium phase diagrams incorporating the concept of stoichiometric saturation are used to interpret possible reaction paths and to demonstrate relations between stoichiometric saturation, primary saturation, and thermodynamic equilibrium states.</p><p>The concept of stoichiometric saturation is found useful in interpreting and putting limits on dissolution pathways, but there currently is no basis for possible application of this concept to the prediction and/ or understanding of precipitation processes.</p><p>Previously published dissolution experiments for (Ba, Sr)SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and (Sr, Ca)C̈O<sub>3orth.</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>solids are interpreted using equilibrium phase diagrams. These studies show that stoichiometric saturation can control, or at least influence, initial congruent dissolution pathways. The results for (Sr, Ca)CO<sub>3orth.</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>solids reveal that stoichiometric saturation can also control the initial stages of incongruent dissolution, despite the intrinsic instability of some of the initial solids. In contrast, recrystallisation experiments in the highly soluble KCl-KBr-H<sub>2</sub>O system demonstrate equilibrium. The excess free energy of mixing calculated for K(Cl, Br) solids is closely modeled by the relation<span>&nbsp;</span><i>G</i><sup><i>E</i></sup><span>&nbsp;</span>=<span>&nbsp;</span><i>χ</i><sub><i>KBr</i></sub><i>χ</i><sub><i>KCl</i></sub><i>RT</i>[<i>a</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><sub>1</sub>(2<i>χ</i><sub><i>KBr</i></sub>−1)], where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is 1.40 ± 0.02,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><sub>1</sub>, is −0.08 ± 0.03 at 25°C, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>χ</i><sub><i>KBr</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>χ</i><sub><i>KCl</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>are the mole fractions of KBr and KCl in the solids. The phase diagram constructed using this fit reveals an alyotropic maximum located at<span>&nbsp;</span><i>χ</i><sub><i>KBr</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.676 and at a total solubility product,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ΣΠ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= [<i>K</i><sup>+</sup>]([<i>Cl</i><sup>−</sup>] + [<i>Br</i><sup>−</sup>]) = 15.35.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(90)90317-E","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., Reardon, E., Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 1990, Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 2, p. 267-282, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90317-E.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a957ce4b0c8380cd81a42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reardon, E.J.","contributorId":47088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016182,"text":"70016182 - 1990 - Carbon monoxide detection of chemisorbed oxygen in coal and other carbonaceous materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T13:36:14.570477","indexId":"70016182","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon monoxide detection of chemisorbed oxygen in coal and other carbonaceous materials","docAbstract":"<p><span>The oxidation of carbon monoxide by mildly oxidized and devolatilized coal samples was studied thermogravimetrically. The oxidation was attributed to oxygen chemisorbed on inorganic components of the coals. The reaction of CO with pyrite producing carbonyl sulphide, OCS, accompanied the oxidation. A mechanism for CO oxidation is proposed in which active oxygen chemisorbed on the inorganic components of the coal directly oxidized CO to CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, and facilitates the chemisorption of CO on the coal as carbonate. A factor,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x3B1; = (</mtext><mtext>11</mtext><mtext>14</mtext><mtext>) [1 &amp;#x2212; (</mtext><mtext>W</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>n</mn></msub><mtext>W</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>c</mn></msub><mtext>)]</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">α = (1114) [1 − (WnWc)]</span></span></span><span>, was derived where&nbsp;</span><i>W</i><sub><i>n</i></sub><span>&nbsp;is the sample weight loss not attributed to OCS formation, and&nbsp;</span><i>W</i><sub><i>c</i></sub><span>&nbsp;is the estimated weight of evolved CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. This quantity is proportional to the fraction of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;produced by the direct oxidation of CO, and was used to compare the coal samples studied. Samples of an Illinois No. 5 coal yielded average α values of 0.7 and those of an Illinois No. 6 coal yielded values of 0.6, indicating that in these cases, the majority of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;produced came from the direct oxidation of CO. The results obtained for the coal samples are compared with a selection of carbonaceous samples for which the proposed mechanism does not apply.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(90)90265-R","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Hinckley, C., Wiltowski, T., Wiltowska, T., Ellison, D., Shiley, R., and Wu, L., 1990, Carbon monoxide detection of chemisorbed oxygen in coal and other carbonaceous materials: Fuel, v. 69, no. 1, p. 103-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(90)90265-R.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"109","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f369e4b0c8380cd4b7c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinckley, C.C.","contributorId":50656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiltowski, T.","contributorId":67663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltowski","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiltowska, T.","contributorId":101019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltowska","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellison, D.W.","contributorId":6591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shiley, R.H.","contributorId":44282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiley","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wu, L.","contributorId":55968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70016351,"text":"70016351 - 1990 - Rates of microbial metabolism in deep coastal plain aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T15:39:24.560346","indexId":"70016351","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates of microbial metabolism in deep coastal plain aquifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rates of microbial metabolism in deep anaerobic aquifers of the Atlantic coastal plain of South Carolina were investigated by both microbiological and geochemical techniques. Rates of [2-</span><sup>14</sup><span>C]acetate and [U-</span><sup>14</sup><span>C]glucose oxidation as well as geochemical evidence indicated that metabolic rates were faster in the sandy sediments composing the aquifers than in the clayey sediments of the confining layers. In the sandy aquifer sediments, estimates of the rates of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;production (millimoles of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;per liter per year) based on the oxidation of [2-</span><sup>14</sup><span>C] acetate were 9.4 × 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;to 2.4 × 10</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;for the Black Creek aquifer, 1.1 × 10</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;for the Middendorf aquifer, and &lt;7 × 10</span><sup>−5</sup><span>&nbsp;for the Cape Fear aquifer. These estimates were at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than previously published estimates that were based on the accumulation of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in laboratory incubations of similar deep subsurface sediments. In contrast, geochemical modeling of groundwater chemistry changes along aquifer flowpaths gave rate estimates that ranged from 10</span><sup>−4</sup><span>&nbsp;to 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>&nbsp;mmol of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;per liter per year. The age of these sediments (ca. 80 million years) and their organic carbon content suggest that average rates of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;production could have been no more than 10</span><sup>−4</sup><span>&nbsp;mmol per liter per year. Thus, laboratory incubations may greatly overestimate the in situ rates of microbial metabolism in deep subsurface environments. This has important implications for the use of laboratory incubations in attempts to estimate biorestoration capacities of deep aquifers. The rate estimates from geochemical modeling indicate that deep aquifers are among the most oligotrophic aquatic environments in which there is ongoing microbial metabolism.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.56.6.1865-1874.1990","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., and Lovley, D.R., 1990, Rates of microbial metabolism in deep coastal plain aquifers: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1865-1874, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.6.1865-1874.1990.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1865","endPage":"1874","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479840,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.6.1865-1874.1990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.37646484375,\n              33.94335994657882\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4970703125,\n              34.95799531086792\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5078125,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.85937499999999,\n              35.35321610123823\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              35.42486791930558\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.43017578125,\n              35.137879119634185\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.49609375,\n              34.74161249883172\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.94677734375,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              33.15594830078649\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.36474609375,\n              32.32427558887655\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.123046875,\n              31.82156451492074\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9912109375,\n              31.690781806136822\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.365234375,\n              32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.68408203124999,\n              33.30298618122413\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.37646484375,\n              33.94335994657882\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9543e4b0c8380cd818e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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