In 1984, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a detailed geologic analysis of two nuclear test craters at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, on behalf of the Defense Nuclear Agency. A multidisciplinary task force mapped the morphology, surface character, and subsurface structure of two craters, OAK and KOA. The field mapping techniques include echo sounding, sidescan sonar imaging, single-channel and multichannel seismic reflection profiling, a seismic refraction survey, and scuba and submersible operations. All operations had to be navigated precisely and correlatable with subsequent drilling and sampling operations.
Mapping with a high degree of precision at scales as large as 1:1500 required corrections that often are not considered in marine mapping. Corrections were applied to the bathymetric data for location of the echo- sounding transducer relative to the navigation transponder on the ship and for transducer depth, speed of sound, and tidal variations. Sidescan sonar, single-channel seismic reflection, and scuba and submersible data were correlated in depth and map position with the bathymetric data to provide a precise, internally consistent data set. The multichannel and refraction surveys were conducted independently but compared well with bathymetry. Examples drawn from processing the bathymetric, sidescan sonar, and single- channel reflection data help illustrate problems and procedures in precision mapping.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings International Symposium on Marine Positioning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Marine Positioning International Symposium: Positioning the Future","conferenceDate":"October 14-17, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Reston, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-009-3885-4_22","usgsCitation":"Hampson, J.C., 1986, Mapping nuclear craters on Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, in Proceedings International Symposium on Marine Positioning, Reston, VA, October 14-17, 1986, p. 249-258, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3885-4_22.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"258","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Marshall Islands","otherGeospatial":"Enewetak Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 167.6458740234375,\n 8.651626379005748\n ],\n [\n 169.26635742187497,\n 8.684208919548603\n ],\n [\n 169.200439453125,\n 7.258945220710147\n ],\n [\n 167.7667236328125,\n 7.3243301056761805\n ],\n [\n 167.6458740234375,\n 8.651626379005748\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2beee4b08de9379b357c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampson, John C.","contributorId":90735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70140585,"text":"70140585 - 1986 - Processing techniques for the production of an experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:40:28","indexId":"70140585","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":709,"text":"American Cartographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processing techniques for the production of an experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map","docAbstract":"An experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map of a topographic quadrangle of Nome, Alaska, at 1:1,000,000 scale was created to demonstrate current capabilities of map production. This paper describes the techniques used to produce the map product.
\nThe data consisted of forty-eight 1° by 1° blocks of resampled digital elevation model (DEM) data. These data were digitally mosaicked and assigned colors based on intervals of elevation values. The color-coded data set was then used to create a shaded-relief image that was photographically composited with cartographic line information to produce a shaded-relief map. The majority of the processing was completed at the National Mapping Division EROS Data Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1559/152304086783900149","usgsCitation":"Judd, D.D., 1986, Processing techniques for the production of an experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map: American Cartographer, v. 13, no. 1, p. 72-79, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304086783900149.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"79","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Nome","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.48344424608204\n ],\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.57085734168491\n ],\n [\n -165.31402587890625,\n 64.57085734168491\n ],\n [\n -165.31402587890625,\n 64.48344424608204\n ],\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.48344424608204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c2de4b08de9379b368e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Judd, Damon D.","contributorId":139143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Judd","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70142590,"text":"70142590 - 1986 - Vegetation mapping of Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska using Landsat MSS digital data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-01T23:24:02.891479","indexId":"70142590","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation mapping of Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska using Landsat MSS digital data","docAbstract":"A Landsat-derived vegetation map was prepared for Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge lies within the middle boreal subzone of north central Alaska. Seven major vegetation classes and sixteen subclasses were recognized: forest (closed needleleaf, open needleleaf, needleleaf woodland, mixed, and broadleaf); broadleaf scrub (lowland, alluvial, subalpine); dwarf scrub (prostrate dwarf shrub tundra, dwarf shrub-graminoid tussock peatland); herbaceous (graminoid bog, marsh and meadow); scarcely vegetated areas (scarcely vegetated scree and floodplain); water (clear, turbid); and other areas (mountain shadow). The methodology employed a cluster-block technique. Sample areas were described based on a combination of helicopter-ground survey, aerial photointerpretation, and digital Landsat data. Major steps in the Landsat analysis involved preprocessing (geometric correction), derivation of statistical parameters for spectral classes, spectral class labeling of sample areas, preliminary classification of the entire study area using a maximum-likelihood algorithm, and final classification utilizing ancillary information such as digital elevation data. The final product is a 1:250,000-scale vegetation map representative of distinctive regional patterns and suitable for use in comprehensive conservation planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S., and Markon, C.J., 1986, Vegetation mapping of Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska using Landsat MSS digital data: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 52, no. 6, p. 791-799.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"799","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397992,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/asprs-publications/pers"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.5224609375,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -155.5224609375,\n 65.07213008560697\n ],\n [\n -150.99609375,\n 65.07213008560697\n ],\n [\n -150.99609375,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -155.5224609375,\n 63.52897054110277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec43fe4b02419550debf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, Stephen S.","contributorId":73266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markon, Carl J. markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186152,"text":"70186152 - 1986 - Application of the Flory-Huggins theory to the solubility of solids in glyceryl trioleate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:13:37","indexId":"70186152","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5353,"text":"Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions I","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the Flory-Huggins theory to the solubility of solids in glyceryl trioleate","docAbstract":"The conventional thermodynamic deviation for ideal solid–liquid solubilities is modified by substituting the Flory–Huggins model for Raoult's law. A comparison of published data for eleven solides in glyceryl trioleate with the predictions of the conventional and modified equations shows that the significantly higher athermal solubilities from the modified equation are in much better agreement with the experimental data. This suggests that discrepancies between the data and the predictions of the conventional model for ideal systems result from the inappropriate use of Raoult's law for systems with significant solute–solvent size disparity rather than from specific interactions.
Many people think Alaska remains a pristine wilderness and that wildlife populations are still at prehistoric levels. This very likely is not true for the 11 species and subspecies of geese that nest in Alaska. Large, widely dispersed populations of geese were observed near the turn of the century. Even in the early 1970s, it was estimated that Alaskan habitats were used by 915,000 nesting and 100,000 additional migrating geese each year (King and Lensink 1971). Since then the Alaskan populations of most of these species have declined, some to dramatically low levels (Raveling 1984), even though habitats within the state have remained largely unaltered by man.
The U.S. has treaties with Canada, Mexico, Japan and the Soviet Union to protect geese and other shared migratory birds, confirming international concern for the welfare of this resource. Cooperative research on Alaskan geese during the past several decades has given understanding of their migration corridors, staging and wintering habitats, and the principle places where they are hunted, thereby providing information needed to develop effective management plans. The only attempt to re-introduce geese in Alaska has been in the Aleutian Islands. Other opportunities exist.
It is our intent here to: (1) review the historic and current status and important habitats of geese that occur in Alaska; (2) identify existing and potential threats to these populations; and (3) offer alternative management approaches for geese in Alaska.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the fifty-first North American wildlife and natural resources conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fifty-first North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference; Resource Management: First Line of National Defense","conferenceDate":"March 21-26, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"King, J.G., and Derksen, D.V., 1986, Alaska goose populations: Past, present and future, in Transactions of the fifty-first North American wildlife and natural resources conference, v. 51, Reno, NV, March 21-26, 1986, p. 464-479.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"464","endPage":"479","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5903033ae4b0e862d230f80e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, James G.","contributorId":191496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188277,"text":"70188277 - 1986 - Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and stable isotope evidence for the ages and sources of fluid components of gold-bearing quartz veins in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills metamorphic belt, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T11:16:52","indexId":"70188277","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and stable isotope evidence for the ages and sources of fluid components of gold-bearing quartz veins in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills metamorphic belt, California","docAbstract":"Gold-bearing quartz veins occur in and near major fault zones in deformed oceanic and island-arc rocks west of the main outcrop of the Sierra Nevada composite batholith. Veins typically occupy minor reverse faults that crosscut blueschist to amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks whose metamorphic ages range from early Paleozoic to Jurassic. Vein micas and carbonate-quartz-mica assemblages that formed by hydrothermal metasomatism of ultramafic wall rocks in the Alleghany, Grass Valley, Washington, and Mother Lode districts yield concordant K-Ar and Rb-Sr ages. The dated veins are significantly younger than prograde metamorphism, penetrative deformation, and accretion of their host rocks to the continental margin. New and previously published mineralization ages from 13 localities in the Sierra foothills range from about 140 to 110 m.y. ago, with mean and median between 120 and 115 m.y. The age relations suggest that mineralizing fluids were set in motion by deep magmatic activity related to the resumption of east-dipping subduction along the western margin of North America following the Late Jurassic Nevadan collision event.CO 2 -bearing fluids responsible for metasomatism and much of the vein mica, carbonate, albite, and quartz deposition in several northern mines were isotopically heavy (delta 18 O [asymp] 8-14ppm; delta D between about -10 and -50ppm) and do not resemble seawater, magmatic, or meteoric waters. Metasomatic and vein-filling mica, dolomite, magnesite, and quartz in altered ultramafic rocks generally formed from fluids with similar Sr and O isotope ratios at a given locality. Consistent quartz-mica delta 18 O fractionations (delta 18 O (sub Q-M) = 4.5-4.9ppm) from various localities imply uniform equilibration temperatures, probably between 300 degrees and 350 degrees C. On a local (mine) scale, fluids responsible for both carbonate alteration of mafic and ultramafic wall rocks and albitic alteration of felsic and pelitic rocks had similar Sr isotope ratios.Samples from three veins in the central Alleghany district fit a 115.7 + or - 3-m.y. Rb-Sr isochron with a ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i value of approximately 0.7119. Inferred 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of metasomatic fluids from mines in different parts of the foothills region vary considerably (0.704-0.718), suggesting that Sr was derived from sources ranging from \"western assemblage\" Mesozoic ophiolitic or arc volcanic rocks to early Paleozoic continent-derived clastic rocks of the Shoo Fly Complex. Systematic geographic variations in both Sr and O isotopes can be rationalized by assuming extensive fluid interaction with rocks similar to the ones that are exposed within a few kilometers of the veins, but the ultimate sources of the fluids, and of Au and other constituents, may be independent of these. Isotopically lighter (meteoric?) fluids deposited some late quartz overgrowths and occupied secondary fluid inclusions in earlier vein quartz.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.81.2.296","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J., and Kistler, R.W., 1986, Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and stable isotope evidence for the ages and sources of fluid components of gold-bearing quartz veins in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills metamorphic belt, California: Economic Geology, v. 81, p. 296-322, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.2.296.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"322","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366db0e4b0f6c2d0d7d66c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":115397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014559,"text":"70014559 - 1986 - Late Cretaceous stratigraphy, deformation and intrusion in the Madison Range of southwestern Montana ( USA).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70014559","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cretaceous stratigraphy, deformation and intrusion in the Madison Range of southwestern Montana ( USA).","docAbstract":"Dating of orogenic rock units in the central part of the Madison Range shows that Laramide deformation was virtually completed by the end of the Cretaceous. Early Campanian K-Ar dates of about 79 m.y. were obtained from welded tuffs in the basal part of the Livingston Formation, a volcanic and volcaniclastic assemblage that is conformable with underlying Cretaceous clastic rocks and with the overlying Sphinx Conglomerate. The Sphinx and the Livingston were deformed by the Hilgard fault system which extends along the western side of the southern two-thirds of the range. This north-trending fault system represents the culmination of Laramide shortening within the range. Dating of hornblende indicates an approximate date of 68-69 m.y. B.P. for emplacement of the igneous suite. The dacite postdates movement along faults of the Hilgard fault system, and postdates the synorogenic Sphinx Conglomerate. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Tysdal, R.G., Marvin, R.F., and Dewitt, E., 1986, Late Cretaceous stratigraphy, deformation and intrusion in the Madison Range of southwestern Montana ( USA).: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 7, p. 859-868.","startPage":"859","endPage":"868","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44d9e4b0c8380cd66e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tysdal, R. G.","contributorId":8823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin, R. F.","contributorId":60597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dewitt, E.","contributorId":108257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewitt","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186874,"text":"70186874 - 1986 - Research on polar bears in Alaska, 1983-1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T13:29:37","indexId":"70186874","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Research on polar bears in Alaska, 1983-1985","docAbstract":"Research on the ecology and status of polar bear populations in Alaska has continued since 1967. Research was a joint U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Alaska Department of Fish and Game effort until passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act in 1972, and has been largely a Federal effort since then. In 1985, Alaskan polar beer research continues to be carried out by the Research Division of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (DOI). A recent reorganization removed authority for ecological research in Alaska from the Denver Wildlife Research Center, and vested it with the newly created Alaska Office of Fish and Wildlife Research. This new research office is the center for Federal fish and Wildlife related research throughout the state of Alaska and in its coastal waters.
Although the responsibility for polar bear research lies with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, numerous other organizations and agencies deserve mention for their cooperation and support of the ongoing research. These include: the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DOC), The U.S. Minerals Management Service (DOI), The Canadian Wildlife Service, The Northwest Territories Wildlife Service, the Yukon Wildlife Service, Dome Petroleum Ltd, Gulf Canada, and the Alaska Department of Fish and game.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar bears: Proceedings of the ninth working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"9th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group","conferenceDate":"August 9-11, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Edmonton, AB","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, UK","isbn":"2-88032-308-8","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., 1986, Research on polar bears in Alaska, 1983-1985, in Polar bears: Proceedings of the ninth working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, Edmonton, AB, August 9-11, 1985, p. 85-115.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339617,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/5857"},{"id":339618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ef3dade4b0eed1ab8e3bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014677,"text":"70014677 - 1986 - Inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T16:07:56.371743","indexId":"70014677","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2155,"text":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc","docAbstract":"An inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometric method is described for the determination of six elements in a variety of geological materials. Sixteen reference materials are analysed by this technique to demonstrate its use in geochemical exploration. Samples are decomposed with nitric, hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids, and the residue dissolved in hydrochloric acid and diluted to volume. The elements are determined in two groups based on compatibility of instrument operating conditions and consideration of crustal abundance levels. Cadmium, Cu, Pb and Zn are determined as a group in the 50-ml sample solution under one set of instrument conditions with the use of scatter correction. Limitations of the scatter correction technique used with the fluorescence instrument are discussed. Iron and Mn are determined together using another set of instrumental conditions on a 1-50 dilution of the sample solution without the use of scatter correction. The ranges of concentration (??g g-1) of these elements in the sample that can be determined are: Cd, 0.3-500; Cu, 0.4-500; Fe, 85-250 000; Mn, 45-100 000; Pb, 5-10 000; and Zn, 0.4-300. The precision of the method is usually less than 5% relative standard deviation (RSD) over a wide concentration range and acceptable accuracy is shown by the agreement between values obtained and those recommended for the reference materials.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/JA9860100343","issn":"02679477","usgsCitation":"Sanzolone, R.F., 1986, Inductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v. 1, no. 5, p. 343-347, https://doi.org/10.1039/JA9860100343.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"347","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ab5e4b0c8380cd61ed6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186159,"text":"70186159 - 1986 - Digital image measurement of the area and anatomical structure of tree rings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:29:26","indexId":"70186159","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1167,"text":"Canadian Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital image measurement of the area and anatomical structure of tree rings","docAbstract":"A microcomputer coupled to a video digitizer was used to develop methods for measuring areas of tree rings and for delineating and measuring microscopic anatomical features. Digitally imaged areas of individual rings of a loblolly pine cross section were within 2.6% of areas measured with a planimeter and were more accurate than areas calculated from radius widths. Various anatomical features were \"mapped\" within digitized images of consecutive rings, individual rings, and highly magnified parts of the rings of green ash. Fibers within various ring zones, including those known to have formed when trees were flooded, were readily differentiated on the basis of image brightness. The image-determined ratio of lumen to wall material within different groups of fibers was considered a measure of structural comparability. These techniques thus provide a rapid, accurate method to study relationships between tree rings and factors affecting their development. Methods could be improved by increasing both spatial and brightness resolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/b86-382","usgsCitation":"Yanosky, T.M., and Robinove, C.J., 1986, Digital image measurement of the area and anatomical structure of tree rings: Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 64, no. 12, p. 2896-2902, https://doi.org/10.1139/b86-382.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2896","endPage":"2902","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1953e4b02ff32c699ccd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yanosky, Thomas M.","contributorId":40589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186158,"text":"70186158 - 1986 - Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:34:09","indexId":"70186158","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5355,"text":"Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","docAbstract":"Water budget and isotopic analyses of water in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system confirm that most, if not all, of the water is local meteoric in origin. Solute mass-balance arguments suggest that ∼5 × 109 moles of calcite and 2.6 × 109 moles of silica are precipitated annually in the aquifer. Isotopic evaluations of calcite and petrographic observation of silica support the low-temperature origin of these deposits. Approximately 2.8 × 109 moles of chloride, 4.5 × 109 moles of sodium, 1.4 × 109 moles of sulfate, and 2 × 109 moles of magnesium are removed annually from the aquifer framework by solution. Proposed weathering reactions are shown to be consistent with mass balance, carbon isotopes, observed mineralogy, and chemical thermodynamics. Large quantities of sodium, chloride, and sulfate are being removed from the system relative to their abundances in the rock. Sedimentary interbeds, which are estimated to compose <10% of the aquifer volume, may yield as much as 20% of the solutes generated within the aquifer. Weathering rate of the aquifer framework of the eastern Snake River Plain is 14 (Mg/km2)/yr or less than half the average of the North American continent. This contrasts with the rate for the eastern Snake River basin, 34 (Mg/km2)/yr, which is almost identical to the average for the North American continent. Identification and quantification of reactions controlling solute concentrations in ground water in the eastern plain indicate that the aquifer is not an “inert bathtub” that simply stores and transmits water and solutes but is undergoing active diagenesis and is both a source and sink for solutes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1456:AGADIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Low, W.H., 1986, Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho: Bulletin, v. 97, no. 12, p. 1456-1466, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1456:AGADIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1456","endPage":"1466","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1953e4b02ff32c699ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Low, Walton H.","contributorId":92672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Walton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186156,"text":"70186156 - 1986 - Influence of irrigation on salinity and nitrate in a stream-aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-10T00:23:04.002979","indexId":"70186156","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Influence of irrigation on salinity and nitrate in a stream-aquifer system","docAbstract":"Changes in salinity and nitrate concentration in groundwater and surface water in the semiarid Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado, USA were related primarily to irrigation practices. Water is applied to fields by flood irrigation through ditches and furrows. Irrigation water is derived in nearly equal amounts from surface water and groundwater pumped from the shallow alluvial aquifer.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conjunctive water use: understanding and managing surfacewater-groundwater interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences","conferenceDate":"July 1986","conferenceLocation":"Budapest, Hungary","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Person, M., 1986, Influence of irrigation on salinity and nitrate in a stream-aquifer system, in Conjunctive water use: understanding and managing surfacewater-groundwater interactions, v. 156, Budapest, Hungary, July 1986, p. 217-229.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1954e4b02ff32c699cd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Person, M.A.","contributorId":91108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15975,"text":"ofr86113 - 1986 - Analytical results and sample locality map for stream-sediment and panned-concentrate samples from the Palisade Mesa and the Wall Wilderness Study Areas (NV-060-142/162 and NV-060-163), Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T20:36:18.597277","indexId":"ofr86113","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-113","title":"Analytical results and sample locality map for stream-sediment and panned-concentrate samples from the Palisade Mesa and the Wall Wilderness Study Areas (NV-060-142/162 and NV-060-163), Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86113","usgsCitation":"Siems, D.F., Sharkey, J.D., and Tucker, R.E., 1986, Analytical results and sample locality map for stream-sediment and panned-concentrate samples from the Palisade Mesa and the Wall Wilderness Study Areas (NV-060-142/162 and NV-060-163), Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-113, Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 29.54 x 24.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86113.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 29.54 x 24.77 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414503,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16932.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":44939,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0113/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44938,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0113/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0113/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Palisade Mesa and the Wall Wilderness Study Areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.25,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 38.157\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 38.157\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharkey, J. D.","contributorId":85578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharkey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, R. E.","contributorId":50520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11883,"text":"ofr86584 - 1986 - Analytical results and sample locality map of heavy-mineral-concentrate and rock samples from the Fort Piute Wilderness Study Area (CDCA- 267), San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T20:48:09.027299","indexId":"ofr86584","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-584","title":"Analytical results and sample locality map of heavy-mineral-concentrate and rock samples from the Fort Piute Wilderness Study Area (CDCA- 267), San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86584","usgsCitation":"Adrian, B.M., Frisken, J., Briggs, P., Bradley, L.A., and Crock, J., 1986, Analytical results and sample locality map of heavy-mineral-concentrate and rock samples from the Fort Piute Wilderness Study Area (CDCA- 267), San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-584, Report: 15 p.; 1 Plate: 28.06 x 35.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86584.","productDescription":"Report: 15 p.; 1 Plate: 28.06 x 35.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414505,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17101.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":39804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0584/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39803,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0584/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0584/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Fort Piute Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.833,\n 35.333\n ],\n [\n -115.167,\n 35.333\n ],\n [\n -115.167,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -114.833,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -114.833,\n 35.333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adrian, B. M.","contributorId":71535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adrian","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisken, J. G.","contributorId":90296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisken","given":"J. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, L. A.","contributorId":35738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":12057,"text":"ofr86359 - 1986 - Geochemical data for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate from the South Sierra Wilderness and the South Sierra Roadless Area, southern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T19:41:33.568417","indexId":"ofr86359","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-359","title":"Geochemical data for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate from the South Sierra Wilderness and the South Sierra Roadless Area, southern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86359","usgsCitation":"Diggles, M.F., Detra, D., Tucker, R.E., and Romine, K.A., 1986, Geochemical data for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate from the South Sierra Wilderness and the South Sierra Roadless Area, southern Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-359, Report: 104 p.; 1 Plate: 26.12 x 31.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86359.","productDescription":"Report: 104 p.; 1 Plate: 26.12 x 31.36 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414650,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17014.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":145796,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0359/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40070,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0359/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40071,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0359/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Sierra Roadless Area, South Sierra Wilderness","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.282,\n 36.313\n ],\n [\n -118.282,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 36.313\n ],\n [\n -118.282,\n 36.313\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae442","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diggles, M. F.","contributorId":39356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diggles","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, R. E.","contributorId":50520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romine, K. A.","contributorId":33327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":14530,"text":"ofr879 - 1986 - Bouguer anomaly map of the eastern Mediterranean, the Dead Sea Rift and western Jordan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-02T19:19:37.064319","indexId":"ofr879","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-9","title":"Bouguer anomaly map of the eastern Mediterranean, the Dead Sea Rift and western Jordan","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr879","usgsCitation":"Kovach, R.L., 1986, Bouguer anomaly map of the eastern Mediterranean, the Dead Sea Rift and western Jordan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-9, Report: ii, 8 p; 1 Plate: 6.93 x 13.26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr879.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 8 p; 1 Plate: 6.93 x 13.26 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43211,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon","otherGeospatial":"Dead Sea Rift, Mediterranean Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 36,\n 36\n ],\n [\n 36,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 32,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 32,\n 36\n ],\n [\n 36,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601f3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kovach, R. L.","contributorId":21165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovach","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15114,"text":"ofr8647 - 1986 - Data report for the Maine-Quebec cross-strike seismic-refraction profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T21:53:41.230997","indexId":"ofr8647","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-47","title":"Data report for the Maine-Quebec cross-strike seismic-refraction profile","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8647","usgsCitation":"Murphy, J., and Luetgert, J., 1986, Data report for the Maine-Quebec cross-strike seismic-refraction profile: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-47, Report: 71 p.; 15 Plates: 42.00 x 23.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8647.","productDescription":"Report: 71 p.; 15 Plates: 42.00 x 23.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":44037,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21192,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21191,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21190,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":21180,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21181,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21182,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21183,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21184,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21185,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21186,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21187,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21188,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21189,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21193,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21194,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0047/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416522,"rank":18,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43484.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Maine, Quebec","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.5,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -68.5,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -71.5,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -71.5,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -68.5,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luetgert, J.H.","contributorId":69993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38487,"text":"pp1403B - 1986 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:59:22.807123","indexId":"pp1403B","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1403","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system of the Southeastern United States is comprised of a thick sequence of carbonate rocks that are mostly of Paleocene to early Miocene age and that are hydraulically connected in varying degrees. The aquifer system consists of a single vertically continuous permeable unit updip and of two major permeable zones (the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers) separated by one of seven middle confining units downdip. Neither the boundaries of the aquifer system or of its component high- and low-permeability zones necessarily conform to either formation boundaries or time-stratigraphic breaks. The rocks that make up the Floridan aquifer system, its upper and lower confining units, and a surficial aquifer have been separated into several chronostratigraphic units. The external and internal geometry of these stratigraphic units is presented on a series of structure contour and isopach maps and by a series of geohydrologic cross sections and a fence diagram. Paleocene through middle Eocene units consist of an updip clastic facies and a downdip carbonate bank facies, that extends progressively farther north and east in progressively younger units. Upper Eocene and Oligocene strata are predominantly carbonate rocks throughout the study area. Miocene and younger strata are mostly clastic rocks. Subsurface data show that some modifications in current stratigraphic nomenclature are necessary. First, the middle Eocene Lake City Limestone cannot be distinguished lithologically or faunally from the overlying middle Eocene Avon Park 'Limestone.' Accordingly, it is proposed that the term Lake City be abandoned and the term Avon Park Formation be applied to the entire middle Eocene carbonate section of peninsular Florida and southeastern Georgia. A reference well section in Levy County, Fla., is proposed for the expanded Avon Park Formation. The Avon Park is called a 'formation' more properly than a 'limestone' because the unit contains rock types other than limestone. Second, like the Avon Park, the lower Eocene Oldsmar and Paleocene Cedar Keys 'Limestones' of peninsular Florida practically everywhere contain rock types other than limestone. It is therefore proposed that these units be referred to more accurately as Oldsmar Formation and Cedar Keys Formation. The uppermost hydrologic unit in the study area is a surficial aquifer that can be divided into (1) a fluvial sand-and-gravel aquifer in southwestern Alabama and westernmost panhandle Florida, (2) limestone and sandy limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern peninsular Florida, and (3) a thin blanket of terrace and fluvial sands elsewhere. The surficial aquifer is underlain by a thick sequence of fine clastic rocks and low-permeability carbonate rocks, most of which are part of the middle Miocene Hawthorn Formation and all of which form the upper confining unit of the Floridan aquifer system. In places, the upper confining unit has been removed by erosion or is breached by sinkholes. Water in the Floridan aquifer system thus occurs under unconfined, semiconfined, or fully confined conditions, depending upon the presence, thickness, and integrity of the upper confining unit. Within the Floridan aquifer system, seven low permeability zones of subregional extent split the aquifer system in most places into an Upper and Lower Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer, which consists of all or parts of rocks of Oligocene age, late Eocene age, and the upper half of rocks of middle Eocene age, is highly permeable. The middle confining units that underlie the Upper Floridan are mostly of middle Eocene age but may be as young as Oligocene or as old as early Eocene. Where no middle confining unit exists, the entire aquifer system is comprised of permeable rocks and for hydrologic discussions is treated as the Upper Floridan aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1403B","usgsCitation":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina; 1986; PP; 1403-B; Miller, James A.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 91 p.; 34 Plates: 53.53 x 30.58 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420161,"rank":36,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4835.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21984,"rank":23,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21983,"rank":22,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-20.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21977,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21973,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21972,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21969,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21967,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21966,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21965,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1403-B"},{"id":165034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":21993,"rank":32,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-30.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21989,"rank":28,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-26.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21988,"rank":27,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-25.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21987,"rank":26,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-24.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21986,"rank":25,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-23.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21981,"rank":20,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21980,"rank":19,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21979,"rank":18,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21976,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21975,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21974,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21971,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21970,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21968,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21964,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21985,"rank":24,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-22.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21990,"rank":29,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-27.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21991,"rank":30,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-28.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21992,"rank":31,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-29.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21994,"rank":33,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-31.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21995,"rank":34,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-32.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21996,"rank":35,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-33.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21978,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21982,"rank":21,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403b/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.97973632812499,\n 24.577099744289427\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 24.457150524185852\n ],\n [\n -81.090087890625,\n 24.686952411999155\n ],\n [\n -80.43090820312499,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -80.145263671875,\n 25.631621577258493\n ],\n [\n -80.0079345703125,\n 26.82407078047018\n ],\n [\n -80.6011962890625,\n 28.217289755957054\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 28.45420354994914\n ],\n [\n -80.848388671875,\n 28.950475674848008\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 29.754839972510933\n ],\n [\n -81.375732421875,\n 30.38235321766959\n ],\n [\n -81.40869140625,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -80.892333984375,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -80.6671142578125,\n 32.18491105051798\n ],\n [\n -80.43365478515625,\n 32.31731244438278\n ],\n [\n -79.31854248046875,\n 33.03629817885956\n ],\n [\n -79.2169189453125,\n 33.15594830078649\n ],\n [\n -79.60693359375,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -83.43017578125,\n 32.74108223150125\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 31.93351676190369\n ],\n [\n -88.472900390625,\n 31.970803930433096\n ],\n [\n -88.4014892578125,\n 30.159376896356193\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -86.759033203125,\n 30.38709188778112\n ],\n [\n -86.3690185546875,\n 30.349176094149833\n ],\n [\n -85.858154296875,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -85.440673828125,\n 29.907329376851553\n ],\n [\n -85.4132080078125,\n 29.654642479663647\n ],\n [\n -85.067138671875,\n 29.568679425235135\n ],\n [\n -84.3255615234375,\n 29.88351825335318\n ],\n [\n -84.26513671875,\n 30.0405664305846\n ],\n [\n -84.05639648437499,\n 30.083354648756128\n ],\n [\n -83.660888671875,\n 29.888280933159265\n ],\n [\n -83.0950927734375,\n 29.176145182559758\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 29.142566155107065\n ],\n [\n -82.705078125,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -82.8204345703125,\n 28.188243641850313\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 27.873072565422785\n ],\n [\n -82.298583984375,\n 26.77013508224145\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 26.426308999847024\n ],\n [\n -81.947021484375,\n 26.436146919246013\n ],\n [\n -81.749267578125,\n 25.859223554761382\n ],\n [\n -81.4251708984375,\n 25.794945475649673\n ],\n [\n -81.1614990234375,\n 25.37380917154398\n ],\n [\n -81.18896484375,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -81.1285400390625,\n 25.11544539706194\n ],\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 24.78673454198888\n ],\n [\n -82.9522705078125,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -82.97973632812499,\n 24.577099744289427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
In decades past, the rancher depended upon reports from cowboys to gather information he needed to make management decisions. Today, the vast open ranges of the cowboy era are mostly gone in the United States-fenced into pastures, paddocks, or fields that are now discrete management units. But fencing in the rangeland, while it has replaced much of the need for cowboys, has not replaced the need for information about the health and vigor of the forage on each parcel of land. Can a satellite, orbiting at more than 400 miles in space, serve this purpose? As ranchers and resource specialists are asked to make more and more complex management decisions, with less manpower for conducting inventories, they are wise to seek help in today's rapidly developing technologies. For the past few decades the range technician has accomplished most of his range assessment from a pickup truck, traveling periodically to each unit to determine its status. Now, satellite images of the Earth's resources might be able to help the modern range person do an even more efficient job of monitoring the availability of feed for livestock and wildlife. Yet some important questions need to be answered first. Can this new information source be used to evaluate the ecological condition of these lands? Or are satellite images of our Earth and its variety of landscapes just \"pretty pictures,\" with little practical utility?
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","usgsCitation":"Haas, R.H., 1986, A new view for resource managers: Rangelands, v. 8, no. 3, p. 99-102.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3901179"},{"id":298354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec429e4b02419550deba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, Robert H.","contributorId":93388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156373,"text":"70156373 - 1986 - Effect of seasonally changing tissue weight on trace metal concentrations in the bivalve Macoma balthica in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:16:17","indexId":"70156373","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of seasonally changing tissue weight on trace metal concentrations in the bivalve Macoma balthica in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"The influence of seasonal changes in the weight of soft tissues on temporal fluctuations in tissue concentrations of Cu and Zn was examined in 4 populations of the clam Macoma balthica sampled in San Francisco Bay for a period of 2 to 5 yr. Fluctuations in metal concentration expected from changes in tissue weight between sampling dates were estimated by assuming that whole body metal burden was constant during the sampling interval. Comparison of estimated and actual metal concentrations showed that the degree to which fluctuations in trace metal concentrations were driven by weight changes differed considerably among stations, among years at a single station, and between metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., and Luoma, S.N., 1986, Effect of seasonally changing tissue weight on trace metal concentrations in the bivalve Macoma balthica in San Francisco Bay: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 28, p. 209-217.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"217","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1977-01-01","temporalEnd":"1981-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v28/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 38.06322991452765\n ],\n [\n -122.11303710937499,\n 38.06322991452765\n ],\n [\n -122.11303710937499,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 37.996162679728116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.14736938476562,\n 37.41598184194613\n ],\n [\n -122.14736938476562,\n 37.53368798315969\n ],\n [\n -122.01553344726561,\n 37.53368798315969\n ],\n [\n -122.01553344726561,\n 37.41598184194613\n ],\n [\n -122.14736938476562,\n 37.41598184194613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa31e4b0518e3546bc33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175234,"text":"70175234 - 1986 - Interannual variability in biochemistry of partially mixed estuaries: Dissolved silicate cycles in northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-02T16:28:46","indexId":"70175234","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Interannual variability in biochemistry of partially mixed estuaries: Dissolved silicate cycles in northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Much of the interannual variability in partially mixed estuaries in dissolved inorganic nutrient and dissolved oxygen patterns results from an enhancement or reduction of their annual cycle (generally via climatic forcing). In northern San Francisco Bay estuary the annual cycle of dissolved silicate supply peaks in spring and the effect of phytoplankton removal peaks in fall. Because riverine silicate sources are enhanced in wet years and reduced in dry years, the annual silicate cycle is modified accordingly. Effects of phytoplankton removal are reduced and delayed in wet years and enhanced and advanced (seen earlier) in dry years. Similar reasoning can apply to interpreting and understanding other mechanisms and rates.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine variability","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-761890-6.50012-5","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., Cayan, D.R., and Festa, J.F., 1986, Interannual variability in biochemistry of partially mixed estuaries: Dissolved silicate cycles in northern San Francisco Bay, chap. of Estuarine variability, p. 123-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-761890-6.50012-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"138","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c430e4b006cb45552c20","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wolfe, Douglas A.","contributorId":111899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644457,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David H.","contributorId":147316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Festa, John F.","contributorId":173382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Festa","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1004904,"text":"1004904 - 1986 - Fate and distribution studies of some drugs used in aquaculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:10","indexId":"1004904","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3690,"text":"Veterinary and Human Toxicology","printIssn":"0145-6296","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and distribution studies of some drugs used in aquaculture","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Veterinary and Human Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.L., and Hunn, J.B., 1986, Fate and distribution studies of some drugs used in aquaculture: Veterinary and Human Toxicology, no. 28, p. 21-24.","productDescription":"p. 21-24","startPage":"21","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunn, J. B.","contributorId":15133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunn","given":"J.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045315,"text":"70045315 - 1986 - Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:24:13","indexId":"70045315","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1985","docAbstract":"This report is a digest of information furnished by Federal agencies conducting sedimentation investigations. The decision to publish the report was made in 1946, from a proposal by the Chairman of the Federal Interagercy River Basin Committee, Subcommittee on Ground Water. The subcommittee approved the proposal and agreed to issue this report as a means of effecting better coordination of the work of various Federal agencies in the field of sedimentation. From 1946 to 1947, the report was issued on a quarterly basis; from 1948 to 1953, reports were issued every 6 months; and from 1954 to the present, the report has been issued annually.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation, 1986, Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1985, xxiii, 235 p.","productDescription":"xxiii, 235 p.","numberOfPages":"262","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1985-01-01","temporalEnd":"1985-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045315/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272712,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045315/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5165386fe4b077fa94dadfe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","contributorId":127893,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","id":535471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045274,"text":"70045274 - 1986 - Ground Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:19:08","indexId":"70045274","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Ground Water","docAbstract":"Some water underlies the Earth's surface almost everywhere, beneath hills, mountains,plains, and deserts. It's not always accessible, or fresh enough for use without treatment, and it's sometimes difficult to locate or to measure and descri be. This water may occur close to the land surface, as in a marsh, or it may lie many hundreds of feet below the surface, as in some arid areas of the West. Water at very shallow depths might be just a few hours old ; at moderate depth, it may be 100 years old; and at great depth or after having flowed long distances from places of entry, water may be several thousands of years old . Water under the Earth's surface is called ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/70045274","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986, Ground Water: General Interest Publication, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70045274.","productDescription":"23 p.","numberOfPages":"11","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272703,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045274/report.pdf"},{"id":270653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045274/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6e9e4b0b7010f820172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046660,"text":"70046660 - 1986 - Map of landfill locations, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T14:42:14","indexId":"70046660","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Map of landfill locations, 1986","docAbstract":"This is a point coverage of landfills shown in the 1986 National Water Summary Report (U.S. Geological Survey, 1987).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046660","usgsCitation":"Lanfear, K., 1986, Map of landfill locations, 1986 (1.1), Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046660.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273944,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/landfill.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.46081699,23.55651242 ], [ -125.46081699,47.04509853 ], [ -66.02105174,47.04509853 ], [ -66.02105174,23.55651242 ], [ -125.46081699,23.55651242 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1816ae4b0dd0e00d921f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanfear, K.J.","contributorId":14392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanfear","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}