In the tidal Potomac River, high river discharges during the spring are associated with high chlorophylla concentrations in the following in the following summer, assuming that summertime light and temperature conditions are favorable. Spring floods deliver large loads of particulate N and P to the tidal river. This particulate N and P could be mineralized by bacteria to inorganic N and P and released to the water column where it is available for phytoplankton use during summertime. However, during the study period relatively low concentrations of chlorophylla (less than 50 μg l−1 occurred in the tidal river if average monthly discharge during July or August exceeded 200 m3s−1. Discharge and other conditions combined to produce conditions favorable for nuisance levels of chlorophylla (greater than 100 μg l−1 approximately one year out of four. Chlorophylla maxima occurred in the Potomac River transition zone and estuary during late winter (dinoflagellates) and spring (diatoms). Typical seasonal peak concentrations were achieved at discharges as high as 970 m3 s−1, but sustained discharges greater than 1,100 m3 s−1 retarded development. Optimum growth conditions occurred following runoff events of 10 to 15 d duration which produced transit times to the transition zone of 7 to 10 d. Wet years with numerous moderate-sized runoff events, such as 1980, tend to produce greater biomass in the transition zone and estuary than do dry years such as 1981.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1352097","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., Woodward, J., and Shultz, D., 1986, Effect of discharge on the chlorophyll a distribution in the tidally-influenced Potomac River: Estuaries, v. 9, no. 4, p. 250-260, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352097.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.0029296875,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -78.0029296875,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -78.0029296875,\n 36.73888412439431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d4e4b0c8380cd50fa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, J. P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, J.W.","contributorId":107038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shultz, D.J.","contributorId":60246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014980,"text":"70014980 - 1986 - Summary of pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70014980","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summary of pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"Mount St. Helens has been a prolific source of tephra-fall deposits for about 40 000 years. These tephra deposits (1) record numerous explosive eruptions, (2) form important regional time-stratigraphic marker beds, and (3) record repeated changes in composition within and between eruptive periods. Recognized tephra strata record more than 100 explosive eruptive events at Mount St. Helens; those tephra strata are classified as beds, layers, and sets. Tephra sets, each of which consists of a group of beds and layers, define in part the nine eruptive periods recognized at the volcano. Individual tephra sets are distinguished from stratigraphically adjacent sets by differences in composition or by evidence of clapsed time. Several tephra units from Mount St. Helens form important marker beds at distances of hundreds of kilometers downwind from the volcano. Cummingtonite phenocrysts, which are known in ejecta from only Mount St. Helens in the Pacific Northwest, characterize some marker beds and readily identify their source. The tephra sequence also records eruption of the mafic andesites that mark the appearance of the modern Mount St. Helens and numerous changes in composition among dacite, basalt, and andesite since that time. ?? 1986 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01073510","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Mullineaux, D.R., 1986, Summary of pre-1980 tephra-fall deposits erupted from Mount St. Helens, Washington State, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 17-26, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01073510.","startPage":"17","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205433,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01073510"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ea1e4b08c986b31e024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullineaux, D. R.","contributorId":64248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullineaux","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014969,"text":"70014969 - 1986 - Determination of total, commonality, and uniqueness of interpreted structural elements from remotely sensed data in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70014969","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of total, commonality, and uniqueness of interpreted structural elements from remotely sensed data in Alaska","docAbstract":"Statistical analysis is conducted to determine the unique value of real- and synthetic-aperture side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) to detect interpreted structural elements. SLAR images were compared to standard and digitally enhanced Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) images and to aerial photographs. After interpretation of the imagery, data were cumulated by total length in miles and by frequency of counts. Maximum uniqueness is obtained first from real-aperture SLAR, 58.3% of total, and, second, from digitally enhanced Landsat MSS images, 54.1% of total. ?? 1986 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00898281","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Rosenfield, G., 1986, Determination of total, commonality, and uniqueness of interpreted structural elements from remotely sensed data in Alaska: Mathematical Geology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 161-179, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00898281.","startPage":"161","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205418,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00898281"},{"id":223792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffe0e4b0c8380cd4f44a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenfield, G.H.","contributorId":94670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfield","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014610,"text":"70014610 - 1986 - Effect of height and orientation ( microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T12:27:18.302067","indexId":"70014610","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of height and orientation ( microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho","docAbstract":"Terrace scarps can serve as a nearly ideal natural laboratory for the study of the evolution of slopes. This paper examines the effects of scarp size (height) and orientation (microclimate) by keeping constant variables such as age, lithology, and regional climate.
If a scarp degrades as a closed system, and downslope movement is directly proportional to surface gradient, the evolution of the scarp is modeled by the diffusion equation. For a group of scarps of same age and known starting angle, the diffusion-equation model predicts the relation between maximum scarp angle (\uD835\uDEC9) and scarp height (h). Late Pleistocene terrace scarps now as steep as 33.25°, as well as measured angles of repose for sand and gravel, require a starting angle as steep as 33.5°. For latest Pleistocene Idaho and Utah scarps, as h increases, \uD835\uDEC9 is gentler (more degraded) than modeled by the diffusion equation with a constant rate coefficient. The degradation-rate coefficient (c) increases tenfold with scarp height; it should not change with scarp height if downslope movement is solely determined by surface gradient (to the first power). Soil wash appears to be responsible for this departure from the diffusion-equation model, for transport rate by soil wash is a function of scarp size (height).
South-facing scarps are less vegetated and more degraded than north-facing scarps. For scarps 2 m high, the degradation rate (c*) on S-facing scarps is 2 times that on N-facing scarps; for 10-m scarps, it is 5 times.
The observed dependence of the rate coefficient c* on scarp height can be removed by normalizing c* to values for west-facing scarps of the same height. The residual c* values calculated by this method correlate well with differences in incident solar radiation resulting from the different scarp orientations and maximum gradients. This correlation demonstrates the importance of orientation on slope processes and their rates through the differences in freeze-thaw cycles, soil moisture, and vegetative cover.
Scarp morphology may be used to estimate age, if one accounts for the effects of climate and for scarp height, orientation, and lithology. For example, using the dated Bonneville shoreline scarps for calibration and comparing only scarps of equal height, we estimate the Drum Mountains fault scarps to be 9,000 yr old. This age is about twice that produced by previous diffusion-equation calculations that have not accounted for the height as we have here, but it is the same as independent geologic estimates of their age.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., and Colman, S.M., 1986, Effect of height and orientation ( microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 7, p. 869-885, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<869:EOHAOM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"885","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e7e4b0c8380cd50fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, K. L.","contributorId":12404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015706,"text":"70015706 - 1986 - Tectonic significance of precambrian apatite fission-track ages from the midcontinent United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:29:54.748798","indexId":"70015706","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic significance of precambrian apatite fission-track ages from the midcontinent United States","docAbstract":"Apparent apatite fission-track ages from drill core penetrating basement on the flank of the Transcontinental Arch in northwestern Iowa range from 934 ± 86 to 641 ± 90 Ma. These ages, the oldest reported in North America, record at least two thermal events. The 934 Ma age, which is synchronous with K-Ar ages in the Grenville Province and many K-Ar whole-rock and Rb-Sr isochron ages from the Lake Superior region, may document basement cooling caused by regional uplift and erosion of the crust. The remaining fission-track ages are products of a more recent thermal event, relative to the age of the samples, which raised temperatures into the zone of partial annealing. Heating may have occurred between the Middle Ordovician and Middle Cretaceous by burial of the basement with additional sediment. It is estimated that burial raised temperatures in the part of the basement sampled by the core to between 50 and 75°C. These temperature estimates imply paleogeothermal gradients of about 20°C/km, approximately two and one-half times present-day values, and burial of the basement by an additional 2–3 km of sediment.
Changes in salinity and nitrate concentration in groundwater and surface water in the semiarid Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado, USA were related primarily to irrigation practices. Water is applied to fields by flood irrigation through ditches and furrows. Irrigation water is derived in nearly equal amounts from surface water and groundwater pumped from the shallow alluvial aquifer.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conjunctive water use: understanding and managing surfacewater-groundwater interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences","conferenceDate":"July 1986","conferenceLocation":"Budapest, Hungary","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Person, M., 1986, Influence of irrigation on salinity and nitrate in a stream-aquifer system, in Conjunctive water use: understanding and managing surfacewater-groundwater interactions, v. 156, Budapest, Hungary, July 1986, p. 217-229.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"229","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338782,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1954e4b02ff32c699cd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Person, M.A.","contributorId":91108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186158,"text":"70186158 - 1986 - Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:34:09","indexId":"70186158","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5355,"text":"Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","docAbstract":"Water budget and isotopic analyses of water in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system confirm that most, if not all, of the water is local meteoric in origin. Solute mass-balance arguments suggest that ∼5 × 109 moles of calcite and 2.6 × 109 moles of silica are precipitated annually in the aquifer. Isotopic evaluations of calcite and petrographic observation of silica support the low-temperature origin of these deposits. Approximately 2.8 × 109 moles of chloride, 4.5 × 109 moles of sodium, 1.4 × 109 moles of sulfate, and 2 × 109 moles of magnesium are removed annually from the aquifer framework by solution. Proposed weathering reactions are shown to be consistent with mass balance, carbon isotopes, observed mineralogy, and chemical thermodynamics. Large quantities of sodium, chloride, and sulfate are being removed from the system relative to their abundances in the rock. Sedimentary interbeds, which are estimated to compose <10% of the aquifer volume, may yield as much as 20% of the solutes generated within the aquifer. Weathering rate of the aquifer framework of the eastern Snake River Plain is 14 (Mg/km2)/yr or less than half the average of the North American continent. This contrasts with the rate for the eastern Snake River basin, 34 (Mg/km2)/yr, which is almost identical to the average for the North American continent. Identification and quantification of reactions controlling solute concentrations in ground water in the eastern plain indicate that the aquifer is not an “inert bathtub” that simply stores and transmits water and solutes but is undergoing active diagenesis and is both a source and sink for solutes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1456:AGADIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Low, W.H., 1986, Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho: Bulletin, v. 97, no. 12, p. 1456-1466, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1456:AGADIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1456","endPage":"1466","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1953e4b02ff32c699ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Low, Walton H.","contributorId":92672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Walton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186159,"text":"70186159 - 1986 - Digital image measurement of the area and anatomical structure of tree rings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:29:26","indexId":"70186159","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1167,"text":"Canadian Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital image measurement of the area and anatomical structure of tree rings","docAbstract":"A microcomputer coupled to a video digitizer was used to develop methods for measuring areas of tree rings and for delineating and measuring microscopic anatomical features. Digitally imaged areas of individual rings of a loblolly pine cross section were within 2.6% of areas measured with a planimeter and were more accurate than areas calculated from radius widths. Various anatomical features were \"mapped\" within digitized images of consecutive rings, individual rings, and highly magnified parts of the rings of green ash. Fibers within various ring zones, including those known to have formed when trees were flooded, were readily differentiated on the basis of image brightness. The image-determined ratio of lumen to wall material within different groups of fibers was considered a measure of structural comparability. These techniques thus provide a rapid, accurate method to study relationships between tree rings and factors affecting their development. Methods could be improved by increasing both spatial and brightness resolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/b86-382","usgsCitation":"Yanosky, T.M., and Robinove, C.J., 1986, Digital image measurement of the area and anatomical structure of tree rings: Canadian Journal of Botany, v. 64, no. 12, p. 2896-2902, https://doi.org/10.1139/b86-382.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2896","endPage":"2902","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1953e4b02ff32c699ccd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yanosky, Thomas M.","contributorId":40589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001567,"text":"1001567 - 1986 - Patterns and causes of change in a cliff swallow colony during a 17-year period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T09:27:45","indexId":"1001567","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns and causes of change in a cliff swallow colony during a 17-year period","docAbstract":"The number of cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonata) nests at a farmstead in southeastern North Dakota increased at an average annual rate of 87% with house sparrow (Passer domesticus) removal during 1957-60 and 1970-72. Harassment of nesting cliff swallows by house sparrows, adult swallow mortality from cold weather in late May, and collapse of nests were the principal observed factors limiting swallow population growth during a 17-year period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., 1986, Patterns and causes of change in a cliff swallow colony during a 17-year period: Prairie Naturalist, v. 18, no. 2, p. 109-114.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Dickey","otherGeospatial":"Dickey County, southeastern North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.009,46.2814],[-98.0095,45.9355],[-98.164,45.9356],[-98.1849,45.9355],[-98.3472,45.9355],[-98.3537,45.9355],[-98.7267,45.9373],[-98.7273,45.9373],[-99.0021,45.9393],[-99.0054,45.9393],[-99.0073,46.0262],[-99.0061,46.1132],[-99.0054,46.2002],[-99.0049,46.2822],[-98.9154,46.2821],[-98.7878,46.2805],[-98.755,46.281],[-98.6622,46.2812],[-98.5359,46.2817],[-98.5024,46.2808],[-98.2859,46.2816],[-98.2524,46.2815],[-98.1616,46.2818],[-98.1314,46.2813],[-98.0366,46.2809],[-98.009,46.2814]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dickey\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000554,"text":"1000554 - 1986 - Benthic community of the Savannah River below a peaking hydropower station","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T15:59:11","indexId":"1000554","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2542,"text":"Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic community of the Savannah River below a peaking hydropower station","docAbstract":"The Savannah River below Hartwell Dam, on the South Carolina-Georgia border, contains at least 206 benthic invertebrate taxa, even though this tailwater undergoes substantial daily fluctuations in water flow, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Oligochaetes, chironomids, and amphipods dominate the community immediately below the dam. Farther downstream, larger organisms (i.e., Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, etc.) dominate the benthic community. The high diversity of this system is primarily attributed to the intensive effort we expended to identify invertebrates to species level. We conclude that tailwaters associated with peaking hydropower stations may in fact have the diverse community assemblages found in natural streams and that this has not been recognized by other investigators because the bulk of the fauna is made up of small forms that are easily overlooked. Comparisons of tailwater fauna communities with those in control areas should be limited to rivers of similar size.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"North Carolina Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Hudson, P.L., and Nichols, S.J., 1986, Benthic community of the Savannah River below a peaking hydropower station: Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, v. 102, no. 3, p. 107-121.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267059,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/jncas/id/3229"}],"volume":"102","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b5b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, S. Jerrine","contributorId":25887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerrine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015712,"text":"70015712 - 1986 - Late-Wisconsin paleohydrology of the West-Central Amargosa Desert, Nevada, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T01:05:54.787117","indexId":"70015712","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1214,"text":"Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late-Wisconsin paleohydrology of the West-Central Amargosa Desert, Nevada, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Studies of isotopes in groundwater using 14C, 2H (deuterium) and 18O have provided significant insight into the paleoclimate of middle and late Wisconsin age in a typical arid environment of southern Nevada, the west-central Amargosa Desert. Evidence indicates that recharge probably was through infiltration of runoff in paleostream channels and that this runoff was important only from ∼ 17,000 to ∼ 10,000 yr. B.P. Mean annual temperature at 17,000 yr. B.P. was ∼ 8°C less than present mean annual temperature; some summer moisture was effective in recharge. Winter (October–May) temperature at ∼ 10,000 yr. B.P. was ∼ 1°C less than present; summer moisture did not contribute to recharge.
A recently discovered ore-grade accumulation of U in organic-rich sediments of late Quaternary age provides an opportunity for studying the early association of U, U-daughters, and organic matter in a natural setting. The U occurs in valley-fill sediments of peat, peaty clay, silt, and sand along the north fork of Flodelle Creek, Stevens County, Washington. Radiometric techniques (delayed neutron, high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry, thin-source alpha spectrometry) were employed to determine the abundance and distribution of U-series nuclides, the extent of secular equilibrium within the U decay series, and the apparent U-series ages of U incorporation.
Sixteen lithologically distinct intervals were sampled from a 292 cm core. Uranium contents range from 140 to 2790 ppm and are positively correlated with organic contents. Measured alpha activity ratios of 234U/238U (1.31–1.38) are very similar to those reported in coexisting waters, suggesting a rather constant isotopic composition of introduced U. Much lower Th contents of <10–40 ppm are controlled by the type and abundance of silicate detritus. The youth of the host sediments (<15 000 a) and the paucity of associated radioactivity suggested large excesses of U relative to radioactive daughters and such excesses were observed, particularly in the shallowest intervals. Apparent ages of U emplacement determined by the (alpha) activity ratio of 230Th daughter to 234U parent show a general increase with depth and fair agreement with estimated depositional ages. This observation suggests dominantly syndepositional or early post depositional emplacement of U followed by decay-generated buildup of 230Th daughter with time. However, interval by interval comparisons of the relative abundances of other daughters, particularly 226Ra and 210Pb, indicate variability caused by processes other than closed-system growth and decay, probably because chemically diverse daughters that are decay-generated in situ have differing mobilities and because upwelling ground water continuously adds more U and minor amounts of daughters. If 230Th is considered the least susceptible to these modifications, the data suggest some addition of 234U in the deepest intervals and some loss of 226Ra and/or gain of 222Rn throughout the studied core.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(86)90055-7","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Bush, C.A., and Rosholt, J., 1986, Uranium series disequilibrium in a young surficial uranium deposit, northeastern Washington, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 1, no. 4, p. 503-511, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(86)90055-7.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224437,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.05050660778001,\n 49.00261108256012\n ],\n [\n -119.37861946664799,\n 49.00261108256012\n ],\n [\n -119.37861946664799,\n 47.71849255236455\n ],\n [\n -117.05050660778001,\n 47.71849255236455\n ],\n [\n -117.05050660778001,\n 49.00261108256012\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdd5e4b08c986b32925c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, C. A.","contributorId":43344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosholt, J.N.","contributorId":37749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197501,"text":"70197501 - 1986 - Paleomagnetism of the Tertiary Clarno Formation of central Oregon and its significance for the tectonic history of the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T15:52:10","indexId":"70197501","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of the Tertiary Clarno Formation of central Oregon and its significance for the tectonic history of the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"The Clarno Formation, a mostly Eocene and partly early Oligocene sequence of andesitic lavas and volcaniclastic rocks, is the oldest Tertiary formation exposed in north central Oregon. Remanent magnetization directions at 46 sites in the lavas provide a paleomagnetic pole at 84°N, 278°E with a 95% confidence cone of 7°. Comparison of this pole with the North American reference pole for Eocene time indicates that the Clarno Formation has rotated 16° clockwise with an uncertainty of 10° but has undergone no significant latitudinal displacement. Further comparison with paleomagnetic data from the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group and Steens Basalt shows that large‐scale block rotations in the eastern Columbia Embayment ceased sometime between 38 m.y. and 15 m.y. A paleogeographic reconstruction for 38 m.y. is offered which is consistent with the observed rotation of the Clarno and with the other paleomagnetic data from the Pacific Northwest, which are briefly reviewed. This reconstruction shows that it is possible to account for virtually all of the paleomagnetically indicated rotations in pre‐Miocene Tertiary rocks of the Pacific Northwest by an extensional tectonic model. As a consequence, only part of the rotations in the pre‐Tertiary rocks of the eastern Columbia Embayment need to be the result of accretionary tectonics. The initiation of magmatism in the eastern Columbia Embayment that is represented by the Clarno Formation itself may have been contemporaneous with the beginning of crustal extension in the Pacific Northwest.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB14p14089","usgsCitation":"Gromme, C.S., Beck, M.E., Wells, R., and Engebretson, D.C., 1986, Paleomagnetism of the Tertiary Clarno Formation of central Oregon and its significance for the tectonic history of the Pacific Northwest: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B14, p. 14089-14103, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB14p14089.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"14089","endPage":"14103","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"B14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gromme, C. Sherman","contributorId":22236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sherman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, Myrl E. Jr.","contributorId":60700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Myrl","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":737476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engebretson, David C.","contributorId":205487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engebretson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015698,"text":"70015698 - 1986 - Improved method for correlating late Pleistocene/Holocene records from the Bering Sea: Application of a biosiliceous/geochemical stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T15:36:53.668883","indexId":"70015698","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1369,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved method for correlating late Pleistocene/Holocene records from the Bering Sea: Application of a biosiliceous/geochemical stratigraphy","docAbstract":"The combination of high-resolution siliceous biostratigraphy and radiocarbon dating provides a mechanism for detailed assessment of the depositional history in late Pleistocene sediments from the Bering Sea where average accumulation rates are uncharacteristically high compared to rates calculated for most other ocean basins. Vital to the development of this stratigraphy was the recognition that the abundance pattern of the radiolarian species Cycladophora davisiana in Bering Sea cores is quite similar to this species' previously correlated abundance curve in a late Pleistocene/Holocene record from the northwest Pacific.
Comparison of this high-resolution stratigraphy with other recently developed floral and lithologic stratigraphies for late Pleistocene Bering Sea sediments shows that the various stratigraphies do not always yield identical results when applied to a particular sediment sequence. With this new stratigraphy based upon a combination of siliceous microfaunal abundance patterns and radiocarbon dating, one can identify reworking, discontinuities and other interruptions in the depositional sequence more precisely than with previously devised stratigraphies, thereby improving the correlation techniques for comparison of late Pleistocene/Holocene records from this marginal sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(86)90020-8","usgsCitation":"Morley, J., and Robinson, S., 1986, Improved method for correlating late Pleistocene/Holocene records from the Bering Sea: Application of a biosiliceous/geochemical stratigraphy: Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 33, no. 9, p. 1203-1211, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(86)90020-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1211","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.89471800680292,\n 61.00803239171765\n ],\n [\n 167.53646605889793,\n 60.04109057086902\n ],\n [\n 164.86589962533395,\n 55.877336989592635\n ],\n [\n 150,\n 45\n ],\n [\n 175.71426956951274,\n 46.111089686937845\n ],\n [\n 179.28366382390857,\n 53.31108887748721\n ],\n [\n 179.89471800680292,\n 61.00803239171765\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 64.23665065262034\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -160,\n 53\n ],\n [\n -160,\n 64.23665065262034\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 64.23665065262034\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a395ae4b0c8380cd618bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morley, J. J.","contributorId":14956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morley","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Stephen","contributorId":220277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014519,"text":"70014519 - 1986 - New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014519","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale","docAbstract":"The determination of osmium content and isotopic abundances in geological materials has received increasing attention in recent years following the proposal of Alvarez et al.1 that mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous period were caused by the impact of a large (???10km) meteorite which left anomalously high iridium levels as a geochemical signature in the boundary shales. Here we report a new and simple method for measuring osmium in geological materials, involving fusion of the sample with sodium peroxide, distillation of the osmium as the tetroxide using perchloric acid, extraction into chloroform, and absorption of the chloroform extract onto graphite powder before instrumental neutron activation analysis. In a variant of this technique, the chloroform extract is back-extracted into an aqueous phase and the osmium isotopes are determined by plasma-source mass spectrometry (ICPMS). We have used this method on the Woodside Creek (New Zealand) Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary clay and have obtained the first osmium content (6g ng g-1) for this material. The 187Os/186Os ratio is 1.12??0.16, showing a typical non-crustal signature. This combined distillation-extraction- ICPMS method will prove to be useful for measuring osmium isotopes in other geological materials. ?? 1986 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/322816a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Lichte, F., Wilson, S., Brooks, R., Reeves, R., Holzbecher, J., and Ryan, D., 1986, New method for the measurement of osmium isotopes applied to a New Zealand Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary shale: Nature, v. 322, no. 6082, p. 816-817, https://doi.org/10.1038/322816a0.","startPage":"816","endPage":"817","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205649,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322816a0"},{"id":225710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"322","issue":"6082","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65eae4b0c8380cd72ca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, S.M.","contributorId":52731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, R.R.","contributorId":71324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holzbecher, J.","contributorId":99305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzbecher","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, D.E.","contributorId":68472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70014825,"text":"70014825 - 1986 - Regional resource depletion and industry activity: The case of oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T17:14:47.692782","indexId":"70014825","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3414,"text":"Socio-Economic Planning Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional resource depletion and industry activity: The case of oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Stable and declining oil and gas prices have changed the industry's price expectations and, along with depletion of promising exploration prospects, has resulted in reduced exploration. Even with intensive additional exploration, production in most U.S. areas is expected to decline. What does this imply for the drilling and petroleum industry suppliers in particular regions? How should planners in government and the private sector project and incorporate the consequences of these changes in their strategies? This paper answers these questions for the industry operating in the offshore Gulf of Mexico. Future oil and gas production, as well as demand for offshore drilling and production facilities, are shown to depend on the size distribution of undiscovered fields, their associated production costs, and oil and gas prices. Declining well productivity is a consequence of development of progressively smaller fields so that long-run drilling demand should not decline in proportion to the expected production decline. Calculations show a substantial payoff to the drilling industry, in terms of potential demand increases, if it can develop and implement cost reducing technologies. Implications of these results for other offshore producing areas such as the North Sea are also discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0038-0121(86)90037-6","issn":"00380121","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., 1986, Regional resource depletion and industry activity: The case of oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico: Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, v. 20, no. 5, p. 283-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(86)90037-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a550e4b0e8fec6cdbdee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeefe4b0c8380cd4a049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140585,"text":"70140585 - 1986 - Processing techniques for the production of an experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:40:28","indexId":"70140585","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":709,"text":"American Cartographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processing techniques for the production of an experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map","docAbstract":"An experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map of a topographic quadrangle of Nome, Alaska, at 1:1,000,000 scale was created to demonstrate current capabilities of map production. This paper describes the techniques used to produce the map product.
\nThe data consisted of forty-eight 1° by 1° blocks of resampled digital elevation model (DEM) data. These data were digitally mosaicked and assigned colors based on intervals of elevation values. The color-coded data set was then used to create a shaded-relief image that was photographically composited with cartographic line information to produce a shaded-relief map. The majority of the processing was completed at the National Mapping Division EROS Data Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1559/152304086783900149","usgsCitation":"Judd, D.D., 1986, Processing techniques for the production of an experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map: American Cartographer, v. 13, no. 1, p. 72-79, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304086783900149.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"79","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Nome","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.48344424608204\n ],\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.57085734168491\n ],\n [\n -165.31402587890625,\n 64.57085734168491\n ],\n [\n -165.31402587890625,\n 64.48344424608204\n ],\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.48344424608204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c2de4b08de9379b368e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Judd, Damon D.","contributorId":139143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Judd","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27239,"text":"wri854159 - 1986 - Geohydrology of the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T21:27:20.297898","indexId":"wri854159","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4159","title":"Geohydrology of the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"The Lloyd aquifer contains only about 9% of the water stored in Long Island 's groundwater system but is the only source of potable water for several communities near the north and south shores. The Lloyd aquifer is virtually untapped throughout most of central Long Island because current legal restrictions permit its use only in coastal areas. The upper surface of the Lloyd aquifer ranges in depth from 100 ft below land surface on the north shore to more than 1,500 ft on the south shore. Aquifer thickness increases southward from 50 ft to about 500 ft. Transmissivity ranges from 1,500 to 19,000 sq ft/day. All recharge (35 to 40 mil gal/day) and nearly all discharge is through the overlying confining unit. Nearly all of the pumpage (approximately 20 mil gal/day) is in Queens and along the north and south shores of Nassau County. Potable water can be obtained on most of Long Island in larger quantities and at shallower depths from other aquifers than from the Lloyd. Local contamination of these other aquifers, however, may require at least temporary withdrawals from the Lloyd in noncoastal areas. Significant withdrawals from the Lloyd aquifer may lower the potentiometric surface and thereby induce landward movement of sea water into the aquifer in coastal areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854159","usgsCitation":"Garber, M.S., 1986, Geohydrology of the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4159, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854159.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415547,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36316.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4159/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56103,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Lloyd aquifer, Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.51130360165777,\n 41.04897322161665\n ],\n [\n -74.05971240699634,\n 41.04897322161665\n ],\n [\n -74.05971240699634,\n 40.51344467382111\n ],\n [\n -72.51130360165777,\n 40.51344467382111\n ],\n [\n -72.51130360165777,\n 41.04897322161665\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a894a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garber, M. S.","contributorId":6433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175190,"text":"70175190 - 1986 - Measurement of nitrous oxide reductase activity in aquatic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T17:46:53.515593","indexId":"70175190","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of nitrous oxide reductase activity in aquatic sediments","docAbstract":"Denitrification in aquatic sediments was measured by an N2O reductase assay. Sediments consumed small added quantities of N2O over short periods (a few hours). In experiments with sediment slurries, N2O reductase activity was inhibited by O2, C2H2, heat treatment, and by high levels of nitrate (1 mM) or sulfide (10 mM). However, ambient levels of nitrate (<100 μM) did not influence activity, and moderate levels (about 150 μM) induced only a short lag before reductase activity began. Moderate levels of sulfide (<1 mM) had no effect on N2O reductase activity. Nitrous oxide reductase displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics in sediments from freshwater (Km = 2.17 μM), estuarine (Km = 14.5 μM), and alkaline-saline (Km = 501 μM) environments. An in situ assay was devised in which a solution of N2O was injected into sealed glass cores containing intact sediment. Two estimates of net rates of denitrification in San Francisco Bay under approximated in situ conditions were 0.009 and 0.041 mmol of N2O per m2 per h. Addition of chlorate to inhibit denitrification in these intact-core experiments (to estimate gross rates of N2O consumption) resulted in approximately a 14% upward revision of estimates of net rates. These results were comparable to an in situ estimate of 0.022 mmol of N2O per m2 per h made with the acetylene block assay.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.51.1.18-24.1986","usgsCitation":"Miller, L., Oremland, R.S., and Paulsen, S., 1986, Measurement of nitrous oxide reductase activity in aquatic sediments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 18-24, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.51.1.18-24.1986.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480136,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.51.1.18-24.1986","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325923,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.52342578770758,\n 37.83294260679118\n ],\n [\n -122.48465172091554,\n 37.769480194178556\n ],\n [\n -122.418181730426,\n 37.773858672015024\n ],\n [\n -122.39602506692916,\n 37.725681157594636\n ],\n [\n -122.4098729723843,\n 37.64458461108522\n ],\n [\n -122.39602505769894,\n 37.58315534079128\n ],\n [\n -122.28524174021571,\n 37.550225933083865\n ],\n [\n -122.21323258385195,\n 37.47553206422586\n ],\n [\n -122.15784084001359,\n 37.46673951428738\n ],\n [\n -122.10244918127214,\n 37.41176341244686\n ],\n [\n -121.96950920029272,\n 37.40076334610896\n ],\n [\n -121.89750004392863,\n 37.44915155604687\n ],\n [\n -122.04151835665647,\n 37.51508506702466\n ],\n [\n -122.07198376896446,\n 37.602905875405\n ],\n [\n -122.12737542770591,\n 37.61168226231733\n ],\n [\n -122.12460584476865,\n 37.6401983672704\n ],\n [\n -122.19661500113274,\n 37.74758378126542\n ],\n [\n -122.29355040393028,\n 37.80668885573594\n ],\n [\n -122.26862415749649,\n 37.83294260679118\n ],\n [\n -122.31570706742679,\n 37.92694184207737\n ],\n [\n -122.37109872616826,\n 37.92694184207737\n ],\n [\n -122.37109872616826,\n 37.95533659334576\n ],\n [\n -122.29355040393028,\n 37.9946342881893\n ],\n [\n -122.2270804134404,\n 38.046998480058875\n ],\n [\n -122.26308499162263,\n 38.19298371458089\n ],\n [\n -122.32401581623793,\n 38.22997830731856\n ],\n [\n -122.38217705791668,\n 38.22345121624895\n ],\n [\n -122.40156413847625,\n 38.16685856401381\n ],\n [\n -122.5206562047703,\n 38.13201046056821\n ],\n [\n -122.54558245120408,\n 38.0797070953887\n ],\n [\n -122.51511703889608,\n 37.981537394315225\n ],\n [\n -122.5677391147006,\n 37.913832872302464\n ],\n [\n -122.52342578770758,\n 37.83294260679118\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c430e4b006cb45552c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paulsen, S.","contributorId":173321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paulsen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142601,"text":"70142601 - 1986 - A new view for resource managers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:39:19","indexId":"70142601","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3230,"text":"Rangelands","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new view for resource managers","docAbstract":"In decades past, the rancher depended upon reports from cowboys to gather information he needed to make management decisions. Today, the vast open ranges of the cowboy era are mostly gone in the United States-fenced into pastures, paddocks, or fields that are now discrete management units. But fencing in the rangeland, while it has replaced much of the need for cowboys, has not replaced the need for information about the health and vigor of the forage on each parcel of land. Can a satellite, orbiting at more than 400 miles in space, serve this purpose? As ranchers and resource specialists are asked to make more and more complex management decisions, with less manpower for conducting inventories, they are wise to seek help in today's rapidly developing technologies. For the past few decades the range technician has accomplished most of his range assessment from a pickup truck, traveling periodically to each unit to determine its status. Now, satellite images of the Earth's resources might be able to help the modern range person do an even more efficient job of monitoring the availability of feed for livestock and wildlife. Yet some important questions need to be answered first. Can this new information source be used to evaluate the ecological condition of these lands? Or are satellite images of our Earth and its variety of landscapes just \"pretty pictures,\" with little practical utility?
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","usgsCitation":"Haas, R.H., 1986, A new view for resource managers: Rangelands, v. 8, no. 3, p. 99-102.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3901179"},{"id":298354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec429e4b02419550deba5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, Robert H.","contributorId":93388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015616,"text":"70015616 - 1986 - Changes in complex resistivity during creep in granite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70015616","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in complex resistivity during creep in granite","docAbstract":"A sample of Westerly granite was deformed under constant stress conditions: a pore pressure of 5 MPa, a confining pressure of 10 MPa, and an axial load of 170 MPa. Pore volume changes were determined by measuring the volume of pore fluid (0.01 M KClaq) injected into the sample. After 6 days of creep, characterized by accelerating volumetric stain, the sample failed along a macroscopic fault. Measurements of complex resistivity over the frequency range 0.001-300 Hz, taken at various times during creep, showed a gradual increase in both conductivity and permittivity. When analysed in terms of standard induced polarization (IP) techniques, the changing complex resistivity resulted in systematic changes in such parameters as percent frequency effect and chargeability. These results suggest that it may be possible to monitor the development of dilatancy in the source region of an impending earthquake through standard IP techniques. ?? 1986 Birka??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879603","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Lockner, D., and Byerlee, J., 1986, Changes in complex resistivity during creep in granite: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 124, no. 4-5, p. 659-676, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879603.","startPage":"659","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879603"},{"id":223613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f40ee4b0c8380cd4baf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}