The problems in predicting earthquakes have been attacked by phenomenological methods from pre-historic times to the present. The associations of presumed precursors with large earthquakes often have been remarked upon. the difficulty in identifying whether such correlations are due to some chance coincidence or are real precursors is that usually one notes the associations only in the relatively short time intervals before the large events. Only rarely, if ever, is notice taken of whether the presumed precursor is to be found in the rather long intervals that follow large earthquakes, or in fact is absent in these post-earthquake intervals. If there are enough examples, the presumed correlation fails as a precursor in the former case, while in the latter case the precursor would be verified. Unfortunately, the observer is usually not concerned with the 'uniteresting' intervals that have no large earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Knopoff, L., 1990, Intermediate-term earthquake prediction: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 22, no. 5, p. 206-208.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"208","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c6f941e4b0946c65240738","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopoff, L.","contributorId":63952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopoff","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015821,"text":"70015821 - 1990 - Precambrian terrane of north-central Wisconsin: an aeromagnetic perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T17:33:00.578995","indexId":"70015821","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precambrian terrane of north-central Wisconsin: an aeromagnetic perspective","docAbstract":"A shaded relief magnetic map covering most of the region of exposed Precambrian rocks of north-central Wisconsin shows the structural grain and many lithologic units with clarity and comprehensive detail. The area includes part of the volcanic sequence of the Keweenawan Supergroup south of Lake Superior, the southern margin of the Archean Superior Province, the accreted island-arc terranes of the Penokean Orogen, and the Wolf River batholith. Numerous dikes are evident in the shaded relief, some being more than 200 km in length. Many of the longer dikes are reversely magnetized Keweenawan diabase associated with early extension of the Midcontinent Rift; some apparently were intruded along preexisting faults. A northwest system of dikes and faults indicated by the shaded relief map may be related to later stages of Keweenawan rifting. The Wolf River batholith is characterized by low magnetic relief associated with the predominant granitoids but includes circular plutons of highly magnetic anorthosite and a large area of magnetic rock having a signature different from the mapped anorthosite bodies. A fault bounding the western side of the batholith is paralleled by an apparent system of faults or dikes in the older terrane to the west. The magnetic map covering the Wisconsin magmatic terranes and the Archean Superior Province margin to the north is dominated by east-northeast-trending Penokean rocks. Large units of magnetic mafic rocks and less magnetic granitoid rocks are cut by a system of well-defined northeast shear zones and a more easterly trending, possibly younger set of faults, some of which contain dikes along parts of their lengths. Although the sutures bounding the magmatic terranes generally follow the magnetic trends, they do not have distinctive magnetic signatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e90-156","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"King, E.R., 1990, Precambrian terrane of north-central Wisconsin: an aeromagnetic perspective: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 27, no. 11, p. 1472-1477, https://doi.org/10.1139/e90-156.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1472","endPage":"1477","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223434,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.66671060976584,\n 44.3610017587431\n ],\n [\n -87.66671060976584,\n 46.373762217927776\n ],\n [\n -92.90108864423792,\n 46.373762217927776\n ],\n [\n -92.90108864423792,\n 44.3610017587431\n ],\n [\n -87.66671060976584,\n 44.3610017587431\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8107e4b0c8380cd7b321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, E. R.","contributorId":93482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1002784,"text":"1002784 - 1990 - Plant community structure in an oligohaline tidal marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1002784","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3676,"text":"Vegetatio","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant community structure in an oligohaline tidal marsh","docAbstract":"An oligohaline tidal marsh on the northern shore of Lake Pontchartrain, LA was characterized with respect to the distributions and abundances of plant species over spatial and temporal gradients using Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). In addition, the species distributions were correlated to several physical environmental factors using Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis (DCCA). The distributions of species were best correlated with distance from Lake Pontchartrain, and to a lesser extent with elevation and substrate organic matter. They were least correlated with mean soil salinity (referred to here as background salinity). Of the three mid-seasonal dominant species, the perennial grass, Spartina patens, is the most salt tolerant and was found closest to the lake. Further inland the dominant perennial was Sagittaria lancifolia, which has a salt tolerance less than that of Spartina patens. The perennial sedge, Cladium jamaicense, which is the least salt tolerant of the three, was dominant furthest inland. Background salinity levels were generally low (<5 ppt.) and did not explain species distributions. We hypothesize that the distribution of species is regulated by occasional storm-generated salt pulses that generate strong, short-lived salinity gradients as a function of distance from the lake. Biotic interactions likely also play a role in structuring the plant community. The distributions of several annuals depended on the size and life history of the mid-seasonal dominant perennials. Most of the annuals frequently co-occurred with Sagittaria lancifolia, which was the shortest in stature and had the least persistent canopy of the three mid-seasonal dominant perennials.\r\n","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vegetatio","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF00033019","usgsCitation":"Brewer, J., and Grace, J., 1990, Plant community structure in an oligohaline tidal marsh: Vegetatio, v. 90, no. 2, p. 93-107, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00033019.","productDescription":"p. 93-107","startPage":"93","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15433,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033019","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6949.000000000000000"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68506c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, J.S.","contributorId":57431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008550,"text":"1008550 - 1990 - Postures associated with immobile woodland salamanders, genus Plethodon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:24","indexId":"1008550","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1672,"text":"Florida Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postures associated with immobile woodland salamanders, genus Plethodon","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Florida Scientist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 1990, Postures associated with immobile woodland salamanders, genus Plethodon: Florida Scientist, v. 45, p. 43-49.","productDescription":"p. 43-49","startPage":"43","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6839ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013076,"text":"1013076 - 1990 - Flexible time budgets in breeding Common Murres: Buffers against variable prey availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:27:32","indexId":"1013076","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flexible time budgets in breeding Common Murres: Buffers against variable prey availability","docAbstract":"Mortality rates of canvasbacks were estimated from band-recovery records. The annual rate of mortality of immatures during the first year was 77 per cent. Annual mortality rates of adults ranged from 35 to 50 per cent. Mortality rates of females were higher than those of males. Relatively larger numbers of immatures and adult females were shot early in the hunting season, and relatively larger numbers of males were shot late in the hunting season. Hunting was estimated to account each year for more than one-half the deaths of canvasbacks of flying age. Comparisons of band-recovery rates in years of different hunting regulations showed that both season length and daily bag limit affected the hunting kill.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Burger, A., and Piatt, J.F., 1990, Flexible time budgets in breeding Common Murres: Buffers against variable prey availability: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 14, p. 71-83.","productDescription":"pp. 71-83","startPage":"71","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae69a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burger, A.E.","contributorId":56605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171436,"text":"70171436 - 1990 - Contribution of organic acids to alkalinity in lakes within the Mount St. Helens blast zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T13:04:35","indexId":"70171436","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contribution of organic acids to alkalinity in lakes within the Mount St. Helens blast zone","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.1990.35.2.0535","usgsCitation":"Wissman, R.C., McKnight, D.M., and Dahm, C., 1990, Contribution of organic acids to alkalinity in lakes within the Mount St. Helens blast zone: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 35, no. 2, p. 535-542, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1990.35.2.0535.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"542","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1990.35.2.0535","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5bde4b0ee97d51a83a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wissman, Robert C.","contributorId":89119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wissman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dahm, Clifford N.","contributorId":22730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahm","given":"Clifford N.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015634,"text":"1015634 - 1990 - [Book review] Prescribed Burning in California Wildland Vegetation Management, by H. Biswell","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-02T14:40:36","indexId":"1015634","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1693,"text":"Fremontia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Prescribed Burning in California Wildland Vegetation Management, by H. Biswell","docAbstract":"Book review: Prescribed Burning in California Wildlands Vegetation Management. Harold Biswell (Author), James Agee (Foreword). 274 pages. ISBN: 9780520219458.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fremontia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Native Plant Society","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1990, [Book review] Prescribed Burning in California Wildland Vegetation Management, by H. Biswell: Fremontia, v. 18, no. 3, p. 110-111.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"111","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262959,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://docubase.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/pl_dochome?query_src=pl_search&collection=Fremontia&id=172"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66911c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015887,"text":"70015887 - 1990 - Trace elements in Corbicula fluminea from the San Joaquin River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015887","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trace elements in Corbicula fluminea from the San Joaquin River, California","docAbstract":"(i) Trace element concentrations in soft tissue of the benthic bivalve, Corbicula fluminea, from the San Joaquin River and its major tributaries were examined during the primary irrigation season in relation to the spatial variation in concentrations of major, minor and trace constituents in riverwater and sediments. (ii) Selenium concentrations in Corbicula from perennial flow reaches of the San Joaquin River and its major tributaries varied directly with the solute (??? 0.45 ??m) Se concentrations of riverwater. Elevated concentrations occurred in clams from sites with substantial discharge originating as subsurface drainage and irrigation return flows. Both tissue and solute Se concentrations declined from June through the end of the primary irrigation season. (iii) Arsenic concentrations in Corbicula from perennial flow reaches of the San Joaquin River varied directly with the HNO3-extractable (pH 2) As:Fe ratio of suspended matter, providing evidence that sorption to oxyhydroxide surfaces is an important control on the biological availability of As. However, Corbicula from several tributaries draining alluvium derived from the Sierra Nevada had lower As concentrations than would be predicted by the relation developed for perennial flow sites of the San Joaquin River. Arsenic concentrations in Corbicula from the Tuolumne and Merced Rivers and upstream reaches of the San Joaquin River were higher than in clams from the downstream perennial flow reaches of the San Joaquin River. Concentrations of As in clams from downstream perennial flow reaches of the San Joaquin River increased from June through the end of the primary irrigation season. (iv) Mercury concentrations in Corbicula were elevated in upstream reaches of the San Joaquin River, in the Merced and Tuolumne Rivers, and in tributaries draining the Coast Ranges. Mean Cd and Cu concentrations in Corbicula were elevated in the Merced and Tuolumne Rivers, Orestimba Creek and a perennial flow reach of the San Joaquin River which receives water directly from the Delta Mendota Canal. Concentrations of Ni in clams from the San Joaquin River decreased downstream of the Delta Mendota Pool. (v) Boron and Mo were not accumulated by Corbicula despite high solute concentrations (means as high as 2960 ??g B l-1 and 9 ??g Mo l-1) in riverwater during the primary irrigation season. This bivalve may not be an appropriate bioindicator of B and Mo enrichment. Concentrations of Cr, Pb, Ag, V and Zn in Corbicula exhibited little geographic variability in the drainage. (vi) Regression analysis revealed no clear evidence of synergistic or antagonistic interactions among As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni and Se in their uptake by Corbicula.","largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(90)90267-X","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Leland, H., and Scudder, B.C., 1990, Trace elements in Corbicula fluminea from the San Joaquin River, California, in Science of the Total Environment, v. 97-98, p. 641-672, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90267-X.","startPage":"641","endPage":"672","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90267-X"},{"id":222820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97-98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb64ae4b08c986b326b9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scudder, B. C.","contributorId":71588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016130,"text":"70016130 - 1990 - D/H on Mars: Effects of floods, volcanism, impacts, and polar processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T23:32:36.755797","indexId":"70016130","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"D/H on Mars: Effects of floods, volcanism, impacts, and polar processes","docAbstract":"Water in the Martian atmosphere is 5.1 times more enriched in deuterium than terrestial water. The enrichment has been previously attributed to either a massive loss of water early in the planet's history or the presence of only a very small reservoir of water that has exchanged with the atmosphere over geologic time. Both these interpretations appear inconsistent with geologic evidence of large floods and sustained volcanism. Large floods are believed to have episodically introduced large amounts of water onto the surface. During a large flood roughly 1017 g of water would almost immediately sublime into the atmospher and be frozen out on polar terrain, to form a new layer several centimeters thick. The long-term effect of a flood would depend on where the water pooled after the flood. If the water pooled at low latitudes, all the water would slowly sublime into the atmosphers and ultimately be frozen out at the poles, thereby adding several meters to the polar deposits for each flood. If the water pooled at high latitude, it would form a permanent ice deposit, largely isolated from further interchange with the atmosphere. Volcanism has also episodically introduced water into the atmosphere. Most of this water has become incorporated into the polar deposits. That released over the last 3.5 Ga could have added a few kilometers to the polar deposits, depending on the amount of dust incorporated along with the ice. Large cometary impacts would have introduced additional large amounts of water into the atmosphere. The long-term evolution of D/H in the atmosphere depends on the rate of exchange of water between the atmosphere and the polar deposits. If exchange is active, then loss rates of hydrogen from the upper atmosphere are substantially higher than those estimated by Y. L. Yung, J. Wen, J. P. Pinto, M. Allen, K. K. Pierce, and S. Paulsen [Icarus 76, 146–159 (1988)]. More plausibly, exchange of water between the atmosphere and the polar deposits is limited, so that after eruptions, floods, and cometary impacts, the atmosphere soon becomes enriched in deuterium. According to this scenario, the atmospheric D/H is different from the bulk of the planet's water and so reveals little about the amount of water outgassed. The scenario implies, however, that the polar deposits are older and more stable than formerly thought.
Data relay systems on existing earth-orbiting satellites provide an inexpensive way to collect environmental data from numerous remote sites around the world. This technology could be used effectively for fundamental monitoring of most of the world's active volcanoes. Such global monitoring would focus attention on the most dangerous volcanoes that are likely to significantly impact the geosphere and the biosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0921-8181(90)90022-5","usgsCitation":"Ward, P.L., 1990, Global data collection and the surveillance of active volcanoes: Global and Planetary Change, v. 3, no. 3, p. 263-267, https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(90)90022-5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"267","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2941e4b0c8380cd5a7ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, Peter L.","contributorId":86324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015876,"text":"70015876 - 1990 - Computational open-channel hydraulics for movable-bed problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70015876","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Computational open-channel hydraulics for movable-bed problems","docAbstract":"As a major branch of computational hydraulics, notable advances have been made in numerical modeling of unsteady open-channel flow since the beginning of the computer age. According to the broader definition and scope of 'computational hydraulics,' the basic concepts and technology of modeling unsteady open-channel flow have been systematically studied previously. As a natural extension, computational open-channel hydraulics for movable-bed problems are addressed in this paper. The introduction of the multimode method of characteristics (MMOC) has made the modeling of this class of unsteady flows both practical and effective. New modeling techniques are developed, thereby shedding light on several aspects of computational hydraulics. Some special features of movable-bed channel-flow simulation are discussed here in the same order as given by the author in the fixed-bed case.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference","conferenceDate":"30 July 1990 through 3 August 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627748","usgsCitation":"Lai, C., 1990, Computational open-channel hydraulics for movable-bed problems, in Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 30 July 1990 through 3 August 1990, p. 493-499.","startPage":"493","endPage":"499","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f951e4b0c8380cd4d573","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chang Howard H.Hill Joseph C.","contributorId":128375,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Chang Howard H.Hill Joseph C.","id":536312,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000608,"text":"1000608 - 1990 - Mass-marking of otoliths of lake trout sac fry by temperature manipulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:39","indexId":"1000608","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass-marking of otoliths of lake trout sac fry by temperature manipulation","docAbstract":"The otoliths of 676,000 sac fry of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in 1986, and of 1,100,000 in 1987, were marked by daily manipulation of water temperature. The fish were stocked into Lake Huron in the spring. Otolith marks consisted of groups of daily growth rings accentuated into recognizable patterns by steadily raising and lowering the temperature about 10 degrees C (from a base of 1-4 degrees C) over 14 h. In 1987, groups of marked and control fish were held for 6 months. The otoliths were removed from samples of the fish, embedded in epoxy, thin sectioned by grinding in the sagittal plane, etched, and viewed by using a combination of a compound microscope (400-1000x) and a video enhancement system. One or more readable otolith sections were obtained from 39 of a sample of 40 fish. Three independent readers examined 41 otoliths for marks and correctly classified the otoliths, with accuracies of 85, 98, and 100%, as being from marked or unmarked fish. The exact number of rings in a recognizable pattern sometimes differed from the number of temperature cycles to which the fish were exposed. Counts of daily rings within groups of six rings varied less than counts within groups of rings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bergstedt, R.A., Eshenroder, R., Bowen, C., Seelye, J.G., and Locke, J.C., 1990, Mass-marking of otoliths of lake trout sac fry by temperature manipulation: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 7, p. 216-223.","productDescription":"p. 216-223","startPage":"216","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605a83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eshenroder, Randy L.","contributorId":86716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshenroder","given":"Randy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, Charles","contributorId":105269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seelye, James G.","contributorId":69919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Locke, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":96639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70173999,"text":"70173999 - 1990 - National contaminant biomonitoring program: Residues of organochlorine chemicals in U.S. Freshwater Fish, 1976–1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T16:24:13","indexId":"70173999","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National contaminant biomonitoring program: Residues of organochlorine chemicals in U.S. Freshwater Fish, 1976–1984","docAbstract":"The accumulation kinetics of two waterborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) and phenanthrene (PHE), were studied in the mayfly nymph (Hexagenia limbata).
\nThe uptake clearance decreased while the bioconcentration of BAP increased with an increase in weight of the H. limbata nymph. The relationship between uptake clearance and bioconcentration for PHE was variable, and bioconcentration was greater for the heavier animals.
\nTwo kinetic models were used to evaluate the effect of nymph weight on disposition of PAHs: (a) the amount-uptake clearance model, similar to models most frequently used in environmental toxicology; and (b) a clearance-volume model, similar to models used in clinical pharmacology. The two models gave similar predictive results but were different in a few cases. These differences in common parameter estimation probably resulted from methodologies used and high data variability rather than the models themselves, since they are mathematically equal. Some of the parameters are unique to each of the models and are defined and described.
\nThe clearance of oxygen from water is inversely and linearly related to the weight of the mayfly nymphs, but oxygen clearances were always much less than the uptake clearances of the PAHs. The high PAH uptake clearance compared to oxygen clearance implies a greater surface area or efficiency for PAH accumulation from water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620090206","usgsCitation":"Stehly, G.R., Landrum, P.F., Henry, M.G., and Klemm, C., 1990, Toxicokinetics of PAHs in Hexagenia: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 2, p. 167-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090206.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"174","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62802e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stehly, Guy R.","contributorId":11553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landrum, Peter F.","contributorId":20688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landrum","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Mary G.","contributorId":38517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klemm, C.","contributorId":21917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemm","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015890,"text":"70015890 - 1990 - Operation of U.S. Geological Survey unmanned digital magnetic observatories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T09:34:50","indexId":"70015890","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Operation of U.S. Geological Survey unmanned digital magnetic observatories","docAbstract":"The precision and continuity of data recorded by unmanned digital magnetic observatories depend on the type of data acquisition equipment used and operating procedures employed. Three generations of observatory systems used by the U.S. Geological Survey are described. A table listing the frequency of component failures in the current observatory system has been compiled for a 54-month period of operation. The cause of component failure was generally mechanical or due to lightning. The average percentage data loss per month for 13 observatories operating a combined total of 637 months was 9%. Frequency distributions of data loss intervals show the highest frequency of occurrence to be intervals of less than 1 h. Installation of the third generation system will begin in 1988. The configuration of the third generation observatory system will eliminate most of the mechanical problems, and its components should be less susceptible to lightning. A quasi-absolute coil-proton system will be added to obtain baseline control for component variation data twice daily. Observatory data, diagnostics, and magnetic activity indices will be collected at 12-min intervals via satellite at Golden, Colorado. An improvement in the quality and continuity of data obtained with the new system is expected. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(90)90207-E","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Wilson, L., 1990, Operation of U.S. Geological Survey unmanned digital magnetic observatories: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 45-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90207-E.","startPage":"45","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267314,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90207-E"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e7fe4b0c8380cd75697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, L.R.","contributorId":8228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015829,"text":"70015829 - 1990 - Arsenic in benthic bivalves of San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T09:26:52","indexId":"70015829","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5331,"text":"Science of Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in benthic bivalves of San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta","docAbstract":"Arsenic concentrations were determined in fine-grained, oxidized, surface sediments and in two benthic bivalves, Corbicula sp. and Macoma balthica, within San Francisco Bay, the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta, and selected rivers not influenced by urban or industrial activity. Arsenic concentrations in all samples were characteristic of values reported for uncontaminated estuaries. Small temporal fluctuations and low arsenic concentrations in bivalves and sediments suggest that most inputs of arsenic are likely to be minor and arsenic contamination is not widespread in the Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(90)90268-Y","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Johns, C., and Luoma, S., 1990, Arsenic in benthic bivalves of San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta: Science of Total Environment, v. 97-98, p. 673-684, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90268-Y.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"673","endPage":"684","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -121.1517333984375,\n 37.31775185163688\n ],\n [\n -121.1517333984375,\n 38.23386541556985\n ],\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 38.23386541556985\n ],\n [\n -123.12377929687499,\n 37.31775185163688\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97-98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed8de4b0c8380cd49893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johns, C.","contributorId":18906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johns","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015886,"text":"70015886 - 1990 - Results of seismological monitoring in the Cascade Range 1962-1989: earthquakes, eruptions, avalanches and other curiosities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015886","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1813,"text":"Geoscience Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of seismological monitoring in the Cascade Range 1962-1989: earthquakes, eruptions, avalanches and other curiosities","docAbstract":"Modern monitoring of seismic activity at Cascade Range volcanoes began at Longmire on Mount Rainier in 1958. Since then, there has been an expansion of the regional seismic networks in Washington, northern Oregon and northern California. Now, the Cascade Range from Lassen Peak to Mount Shasta in the south and Newberry Volcano to Mount Baker in the north is being monitored for earthquakes as small as magnitude 2.0, and many of the stratovolcanoes are monitored for non-earthquake seismic activity. This monitoring has yielded three major observations. First, tectonic earthquakes are concentrated in two segments of the Cascade Range between Mount Rainier and Mount Hood and between Mount Shasta and Lassen Peak, whereas little seismicity occurs between Mount Hood and Mount Shasta. Second, the volcanic activity and associated phenomena at Mount St. Helens have produced intense and widely varied seismicity. And third, at the northern stratovolcanoes, signals generated by surficial events such as debris flows, icequakes, steam emissions, rockfalls and icefalls are seismically recorded. Such records have been used to alert authorities of dangerous events in progress. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoscience Canada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03150941","usgsCitation":"Weaver, C., Norris, R., and Jonientz-Trisler, C., 1990, Results of seismological monitoring in the Cascade Range 1962-1989: earthquakes, eruptions, avalanches and other curiosities: Geoscience Canada, v. 17, no. 3, p. 158-162.","startPage":"158","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aab83e4b0c8380cd8689a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norris, R.D.","contributorId":45735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jonientz-Trisler, C.","contributorId":40081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonientz-Trisler","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000566,"text":"1000566 - 1990 - A bioaccumulation bioassay for freshwater sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-28T10:05:01","indexId":"1000566","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bioaccumulation bioassay for freshwater sediments","docAbstract":"A laboratory bioassay is described for determining the bioavailability of contaminants from freshwater sediments. The bioassay consists of 10-d exposures to whole sediments under flow-through conditions. After testing five species, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the earthworm (Lubricus terrestris) were recommended for use in the test. When the availability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Hg and Zn from Great Lakes sediments was examined in laboratory exposures, only the PCBs were accumulated. A field validation study demonstrated that the magnitude of accumulation in laboratory exposures was similar to that in organisms caged in the field. A protocol is recommended for using the test as a standardized bioaccumulation bioassay.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620091110","usgsCitation":"Mac, M.J., Noguchi, G.E., Hesselberg, R.J., Edsall, C., Shoesmith, J.A., and Bowker, J.D., 1990, A bioaccumulation bioassay for freshwater sediments: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 11, p. 1405-1414, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620091110.","productDescription":"p. 1405-1414","startPage":"1405","endPage":"1414","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266586,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620091110"}],"volume":"9","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b126c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noguchi, George E.","contributorId":42552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noguchi","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edsall, Carol C.","contributorId":39726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Carol C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shoesmith, John A.","contributorId":7653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoesmith","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bowker, James D.","contributorId":51240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1000583,"text":"1000583 - 1990 - Anchistropus spp. (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae): a new distribution record for Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T10:30:24","indexId":"1000583","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anchistropus spp. (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae): a new distribution record for Lake Erie","docAbstract":"This note extends the known Great Lakes distribution of Anchistropus sp. from Lake Michigan, Huron, Superior, and St. Clair to Rondeau Harbor in Lake Erie. Anchistropus sp. was collected in benthic samples where it occurred as epibionts on hydra. Previous studies, which are briefly reviewed, have noted the parasitic nature of Anchistropus. Although only one species of Anchistropus (A. minor) is known from North America, our specimens cannot be positively identified as that species: the structure of the postabdomen and first leg differs from the original taxonomic description of A. minor. Others have noted differences between the original description of A. minor and the morphology of specimens collected over the succeeding years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(90)71409-8","usgsCitation":"Evans, M., Hiltunen, J.K., and Schloesser, D.W., 1990, Anchistropus spp. (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae): a new distribution record for Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 16, no. 1, p. 153-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(90)71409-8.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266979,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(90)71409-8"},{"id":130433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c36d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Marlene S.","contributorId":22724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Marlene S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiltunen, Jarl K.","contributorId":27820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiltunen","given":"Jarl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015884,"text":"70015884 - 1990 - Near-fault measurement of postseismic slip associated with the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-13T01:14:52.762037","indexId":"70015884","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near-fault measurement of postseismic slip associated with the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"Five small-aperture (0.5 to 7.7 m) quadrilaterals were installed across the San Andreas fault and newly formed extensional cracks shortly after the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta M7.1 earthquake. Two quadrilaterals were installed across the San Andreas fault near the southeast and northwest ends of the 1989 rupture, and three were installed across dominantly extensional cracks in the Summit Road area near the main-shock epicenter and off the San Andreas fault. Measurements of line-length changes from as early as 4 d up to 184 d after the earthquake in the nail quadrilaterals indicate a small amount of right-lateral postseismic slip on the San Andreas fault. The site near the southeast end of the 1989 afterstock zone on the San Andreas fault showed about 5±2 mm of postseismic right-lateral component of slip in addition to 23 mm of right-lateral coseismic movement. The site near the northwest end of aftershocks likewise showed about 5±2 mm of postseismic slip, but after only 5 mm of coseismic slip. Measurements at sites across extensional cracks indicate possible minor left-lateral postseismic slips, and possible extensional/contractional motion. No measurements were made of possible vertical movements. Sites on extensional cracks showed similarly small amounts of possible postscismic lateral slip, from ∼2 to 10 mm, even though coseismic lateral slips were much greater (up to 410 mm) than on the surface trace of the San Andreas fault. The small slip values, in spite of uncertainties, clearly show that the lack of coseismic surface slip associated with the earthquake was not followed by large postseismic slip.
The relative sensitivities of bioassays to determine the toxicity of sediments were investigated and three methods of making the sample dilutions required to generate dose-response relationships were compared. The assays studied were: (a) Microtox®, a 15-min assay ofPhotobacterium phosphoreum bioluminescence inhibition by pore water; (b) 48-h Daphnia magnalethality test in pore water; (c) 10-d subchronic assay of lethality to and reduction of weight gain by Chironomus tentans performed in either whole sediment or pore water; (d) 168-h acute lethality assay of Hexagenia limbata in either whole sediment or pore water. The three methods of diluting sediments were: (a) extracting pore water from the toxic location and dilution with pore water from the control station; (b) diluting whole sediment from the toxic location with control whole sediment from a reference location, then extracting pore water; and (c) diluting toxic, whole sediment with whole sediment from a reference location, then using the whole sediment in bioassays. Based on lethality, H. limbata was the most sensitive organism to the toxicity of Detroit River sediment. Lethality of D. magna in pore water was similar to that of H. limbata in whole sediment and can be used to predict effects of whole sediment toxicity to H. limbata. The concentration required to cause a 50% reduction in C. tentans growth (10-d EC50) was approximately that which caused 50% lethality of D. magna (48-h LC50) and was similar to the toxicity that restricts benthic invertebrate colonization of contaminated sediments. While the three dilution techniques gave similar results with some assays, they gave very different results in other assays. The dose-response relationships determined by the three dilution techniques would be expected to vary with sediment, toxicant and bioassay type, and the dose-response relationship derived from each technique needs to be interpreted accordingly.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620090214","usgsCitation":"Giesy, J.P., Rosiu, C.J., Graney, R.L., and Henry, M.G., 1990, Benthic invertebrate bioassays with toxic sediment and pore water: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 2, p. 233-248, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090214.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"248","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e481ee4b07f02db4dff41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosiu, Cornell J.","contributorId":102035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiu","given":"Cornell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graney, Robert L.","contributorId":37294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graney","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henry, Mary G.","contributorId":38517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}