No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., Mesa, M., Hall-Griswold, J., Schrader, W., Short, G., and Poe, T., 1990, Magnitude and dynamics of predation on juvenile salmonids in Columbia and Snake River reservoirs. Annual report 1989.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58945336e4b0fa1e59b8681f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall-Griswold, J.","contributorId":179054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall-Griswold","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schrader, W.C.","contributorId":179055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schrader","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Short, G.W.","contributorId":179056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Short","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poe, T.P.","contributorId":51687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179622,"text":"70179622 - 1990 - Procedures for woody vegetation surveys in the Kazgail rural council area, Kordofan, Sudan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:25:56","indexId":"70179622","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Procedures for woody vegetation surveys in the Kazgail rural council area, Kordofan, Sudan","docAbstract":"Efforts to reforest parts of the Kordofan Province of Sudan are receiving support from international development agencies. These efforts include planning and implementing reforestation activities that require the collection of natural resources and socioeconomic data, and the preparation of base maps. A combination of remote sensing, geographic information system and global positioning systems procedures are used in this study to meet these requirements.
Remote sensing techniques were used to provide base maps and to guide the compilation of vegetation resources maps. These techniques provided a rapid and efficient method for documenting available resources. Pocket‐sized global positioning system units were used to establish the location of field data collected for mapping and resource analysis. A microcomputer data management system tabulated and displayed the field data. The resulting system for data analysis, management, and planning has been adopted for the mapping and inventory of the Gum Belt of Sudan.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049009354269","usgsCitation":"Falconer, A., Cross, M.D., and Orr, D.G., 1990, Procedures for woody vegetation surveys in the Kazgail rural council area, Kordofan, Sudan: Geocarto International, v. 5, no. 3, p. 49-58, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049009354269.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Sudan","volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58776c59e4b0315b4c11ff5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falconer, Allan","contributorId":178103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falconer","given":"Allan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, Matthew D.","contributorId":95378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orr, Donald G.","contributorId":6454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015808,"text":"70015808 - 1990 - Multielement extraction system for determining 19 trace elements in gold exploration samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015808","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multielement extraction system for determining 19 trace elements in gold exploration samples","docAbstract":"A multielement extraction system is being used successfully to provide essentially interference-free geochemical analyses to aid in gold exploration. The Methyl isobutyl ketone-Amine synerGistic Iodide Complex (MAGIC) extraction system separates Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ga, Hg, In, Mo, Pb, Pd, Pt, Sb, Se, Sn, Te, Tl, and Zn from interfering geological matrices. Quantitative extraction of these elements is accomplished over a broad range of acid normality making it possible to economically determine all 19 elements from a single digestion or leach solution. The resulting organic extracts are amenable to analysis by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). For many years the principal shortcoming of ICP-AES was the complex spectral and stray-light interferences that were caused by the extreme variability of components such as Fe, Na, and Ca in common geological matrices. The MAGIC extraction allows determination of the extracted elements with enhanced sensitivity, from a virtually uniform matrix, by ICP-AES and FAAS. Because of its simultaneous multichannel capabilities, ICP-AES is the ideal instrumental technique for determining these 19 extracted elements. Ultratrace (sub-part-per-billion) determinations of Au and many of the other extracted elements can be made by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), following back stripping of the extracts. The combination of the extraction followed by stripping of the organic phase eliminates 99.999% of potential interferences for Au. Gold determination by GFAAS from these extracts under the specified conditions yields a fourfold improvement in sensitivity over conventional GFAAS methods. This sensitivity enhancement and the interference-free matrix allow highly reliable determinations well into the parts-per-trillion range.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Gold '90 Symposium - Gold '90","conferenceDate":"26 February 1990 through 1 March 1990","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Soc of Mining Engineers of AIME","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO, United States","isbn":"087335091X","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.R., and Viets, J.G., 1990, Multielement extraction system for determining 19 trace elements in gold exploration samples, Proceedings of the Gold '90 Symposium - Gold '90, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 26 February 1990 through 1 March 1990, p. 175-179.","startPage":"175","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6024e4b0c8380cd71304","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hausen Donald M.Halbe Douglas N.Petersen Erich U.Tafuri William J.","contributorId":128400,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hausen Donald M.Halbe Douglas N.Petersen Erich U.Tafuri William J.","id":536307,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J. Robert","contributorId":90879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Viets, John G.","contributorId":84510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viets","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015989,"text":"70015989 - 1990 - Geological setting of chemosynthetic communities in the Monterey Fan Valley system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T20:24:04","indexId":"70015989","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1369,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological setting of chemosynthetic communities in the Monterey Fan Valley system","docAbstract":"Alvin dives and camera tows within the \"meander area\" of the Monterey and Ascension Fan Valleys have located nine chemosynthetic communities over depths ranging from 3000 to 3600 m over a distance of 55 km. Most of the observed communities consist largely of Calyptogena phaseoliformis, but Solemya (species unknown) and a pogonophoran (genus Polybrachia), have also been identified. The ??13C values (-35.0 to -33.6 per mil) and the presence of APS reductase and ATP sulfurylase in the C. phaseoliformis tissue is consistent with sulfur chemoautotrophy. Two reduced organic matter sources for the H2S are proposed: (1) older beds exposed by the deep erosion (up to 400 m) of the fan valleys and (2) concentrations of anaerobically decomposd organic matter buried in the valley floor. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0198-0149(90)90069-8","issn":"01980149","usgsCitation":"Embley, R., Eittreim, S., McHugh, C., Normark, W.R., Rau, G., Hecker, B., DeBevoise, A., Greene, H., Ryan, W., Harrold, C., and Baxter, C., 1990, Geological setting of chemosynthetic communities in the Monterey Fan Valley system: Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 37, no. 11, p. 1651-1667, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90069-8.","startPage":"1651","endPage":"1667","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269287,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90069-8"},{"id":222934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a227ee4b0c8380cd570c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embley, R.W.","contributorId":28616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embley","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eittreim, S.L.","contributorId":98730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eittreim","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, C.H.","contributorId":63173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rau, G.H.","contributorId":18112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rau","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hecker, Barbara","contributorId":33843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hecker","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":372269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeBevoise, A.E.","contributorId":37074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBevoise","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ryan, William B. F.","contributorId":86486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"William B. F.","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":372273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Harrold, C.","contributorId":95416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrold","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baxter, C.","contributorId":103415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70180777,"text":"70180777 - 1990 - System-wide significance of predation on juvenile salmonids in Columbia and Snake River reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-02T13:55:05","indexId":"70180777","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"System-wide significance of predation on juvenile salmonids in Columbia and Snake River reservoirs","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., Jepsen, D., Nelle, R., Shively, R., Tabor, R., and Poe, T., 1990, System-wide significance of predation on juvenile salmonids in Columbia and Snake River reservoirs.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58945336e4b0fa1e59b8681d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jepsen, D.B.","contributorId":179027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jepsen","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelle, R.D.","contributorId":179028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelle","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tabor, R.A.","contributorId":17044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabor","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poe, T.P.","contributorId":51687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182159,"text":"70182159 - 1990 - The importance of subarctic intertidal habitats to shorebirds: A study of the central Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:34:17","indexId":"70182159","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of subarctic intertidal habitats to shorebirds: A study of the central Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"A 6-year study of shorebird use of intertidal habitats of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta revealed this area to be one of the premiere sites for shorebirds throughout the Holarctic and worthy of designation as a Hemispheric Shorebird Reserve in the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network. The study area, which covered 10% (300 km2) of the delta's intertidal flats, regularly hosted 17 species of shorebirds between late April and mid-October. The greatest use was during the postbreeding period (late June-October), when Dunlins (Calidris alpina), Western Sandpipers (C. mauri), and Rock Sandpipers (C. ptilocnemis), each with large local nesting populations, accounted for 95% of the shorebirds recorded. Peak counts during autumn approached 300,000 birds. Considering the seasonal occurrence and turnover of populations, we estimate 1-2 million shorebirds use the central delta each year. The delta supports large fractions of the Pacific Rim or world populations of Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica), Black Turnstones (Arenaria melanocephala), Red Knots (C. canutus), Western Sandpipers, Dunlins, and Rock Sandpipers. Densities of shorebirds using the central delta's four major bays and connecting coastal areas peaked at 950 shorebirds/km2 in early September. Hazen Bay frequently hosted more than 1,200 shorebirds/km2. Postbreeding shorebirds used intertidal habitats in three distinct patterns according to age class. For most species (n = 7), there was a period when adults appeared first, followed by a brief interval when adults and juveniles mixed, then by a prolonged period when only juveniles remained. In the second pattern (n = 3 species), adults moved onto the intertidal flats first, were later joined by juveniles for a prolonged staging period, then migrated with them. In the third pattern (n = 3 species), only juveniles used the delta's intertidal habitat. Temporal segregation among species and age groups may minimize competition for food and thereby allow the delta to support high diversity and numbers of shorebirds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1368690","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Handel, C.M., 1990, The importance of subarctic intertidal habitats to shorebirds: A study of the central Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: The Condor, v. 92, no. 3, p. 709-725, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368690.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"725","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503093,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol92/iss3/20","text":"External Repository"},{"id":335810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.7669677734375,\n 60.764525674175374\n ],\n [\n -164.410400390625,\n 60.764525674175374\n ],\n [\n -164.410400390625,\n 61.825040379926115\n ],\n [\n -166.7669677734375,\n 61.825040379926115\n ],\n [\n -166.7669677734375,\n 60.764525674175374\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b9e4b025c46429afec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015869,"text":"70015869 - 1990 - 40Ar/39Ar laser probe evidence concerning the age and associated hazards of the Lake Nyos Maar, Cameroon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70015869","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar laser probe evidence concerning the age and associated hazards of the Lake Nyos Maar, Cameroon","docAbstract":"The waters of Lake Nyos are impounded by a fragile natural dam composed of pyroclastic rocks ejected during the formation of the lake crater (maar). Lateral erosion of this dam has reduced its width from over 500 m to only 45 m. Published whole-rock K-Ar ages of about 100 ka on juvenile basalt from the dam suggests that erosion has been slow and that the dam poses no imminent threat. New apparent 40Ar/39Ar ages of 1.4 to 232 Ma on xenocrystic K-feldspar contained in the basalt show that the xenocrysts, whose source is the 528-Ma crystalline basement, are carriers of inherited radiogenic 40Ar and would cause the whole-rock K-Ar ages to be too old. The best estimate for the age of the maar is provided by a 14C age of 400 ?? 100 yr BP on charcoal from the base of the dam. This young age indicates that the dam is eroding at a relatively rapid rate; its failure, perhaps within a few decades, would result in a major flood and imperil thousands of people living downstream in Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. ?? 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00124394","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, G.B., and Lockwood, J.P., 1990, 40Ar/39Ar laser probe evidence concerning the age and associated hazards of the Lake Nyos Maar, Cameroon: Natural Hazards, v. 3, no. 4, p. 373-378, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00124394.","startPage":"373","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205364,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124394"},{"id":223386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e267e4b0c8380cd45b55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015865,"text":"70015865 - 1990 - Trace-metal concentrations, waters from selected sky lakes, streams and springs, northern Shawangunk Mountains, New York: geologic and ecologic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70015865","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2896,"text":"Northeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace-metal concentrations, waters from selected sky lakes, streams and springs, northern Shawangunk Mountains, New York: geologic and ecologic implications","docAbstract":"Reconnaissance sampling and chemical analysis of water from selected lakes, streams and springs of the northern Shawangunk Mountains in 1987 to 1988 to determine the influence of lithology on trace-metal concentrations in surface water, and to establish a base level of concentration of 27 selected metals by ICP-AES and Hg by cold-vapor AAS methods, for geochemical exploration, ecologic, acid-rain, and climatic-change studies, have yielded trace-metal concentrations greater than detection limits for 10 metallic elements. Eighteen additional metallic elements were also present in trace quantities below the quantitative detection limit. Two distinct geochemical populations are related to source lithology and pH. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.D., Huth, P., and Smiley, D., 1990, Trace-metal concentrations, waters from selected sky lakes, streams and springs, northern Shawangunk Mountains, New York: geologic and ecologic implications: Northeastern Geology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 114-131.","startPage":"114","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb683e4b08c986b326cf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, J. D.","contributorId":99157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huth, P.C.","contributorId":81642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huth","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smiley, D.","contributorId":59954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smiley","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015988,"text":"70015988 - 1990 - Bowers Swell: Evidence for a zone of compressive deformation concentric with Bowers Ridge, Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:24:31","indexId":"70015988","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bowers Swell: Evidence for a zone of compressive deformation concentric with Bowers Ridge, Bering Sea","docAbstract":"Bowers Swell is a newly discovered bathymetric feature which is up to 90 m high, between 12 and 20 km wide, and which extends arcuately about 400 km along the northern and eastern sides of Bowers Ridge. The swell was first revealed on GLORIA sonographs and subsequently mapped on seismic reflection and 3.5 kHz bathymetric profiles. These geophysical data show that the swell caps an arcuate anticlinal ridge, which is composed of deformed strata in an ancient trench on the northern and eastern sides of Bowers Ridge. The trench fill beneath the swell is actively deforming, as shown by faulting of the sea floor and by thinning of the strata across the crest of the swell. Thinning and faulting of the trench strata preclude an origin for the swell by simple sediment draping over an older basement high. We considered several models for the origin of Bowers Swell, including folding and uplift of the underlying trench sediment during the interaction between the Pacific plate beneath the Aleutian Ridge and a remnant oceanic slab beneath Bowers Ridge. However, such plate motions should generate extensive seismicity beneath Bowers Ridge, which is aseismic, and refraction data do not show any remnant slab beneath Bowers Ridge. Another origin considered for Bowers Swell invokes sediment deformation resulting from differential loading and diapirism in the trench fill. However, diapirism is not evident on seismic reflection profiles across the swell. We favour a model in which sediment deformation and swell formation resulted from a few tens of kilometers of low seismicity motion by intraplate crustal blocks beneath the Aleutian Basin. This motion may result from the translation of blocks in western Alaska to the south-west, forcing the movement of the Bering Sea margin west of Alaska into the abyssal Aleutian Basin. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-8172(90)90017-B","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Marlow, M.S., Cooper, A.K., Dadisman, S.V., Geist, E., and Carlson, P., 1990, Bowers Swell: Evidence for a zone of compressive deformation concentric with Bowers Ridge, Bering Sea: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 7, no. 4, p. 398-409, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(90)90017-B.","startPage":"398","endPage":"409","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268646,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(90)90017-B"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f248e4b0c8380cd4b0d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marlow, M. S.","contributorId":76743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dadisman, S. V.","contributorId":98735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"S.","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70015820,"text":"70015820 - 1990 - Thermodynamic properties for bunsenite, NiO, magnetite, Fe3O4, and hematite, Fe2O3, with comments on selected oxygen buffer reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70015820","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamic properties for bunsenite, NiO, magnetite, Fe3O4, and hematite, Fe2O3, with comments on selected oxygen buffer reactions","docAbstract":"Smoothed values of the heat capacities and derived thermodynamic functions are given for bunsenite, magnetite, and hematite for the temperature interval 298.15 to 1800 K. The Gibbs free energy for the reaction Ni + 0.5O2 = NiO is given by the equation ??rG0T = -238.39 + 0.1146T - 3.72 ?? 10-3T ln T and is valid from 298.15 K to 1700 K. The Gibbs free energy (in kJ) of the reaction 2 magnetite + 3 quartz = 3 fayalite + O2 may be calculated from the equation ??rG0T = 474.155 - 0.16120 T in kJ and between 800 and 1400 K. The Gibbs free energy (in kJ) of the reaction 6 hematite = 4 magnetite + O2 may be calculated from the following equations: ??rG0T = 496.215 - 0.27114T, ??rG0T = 514.690 - 0.29753T, ??rG0T = 501.348 - 0.2854T. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., 1990, Thermodynamic properties for bunsenite, NiO, magnetite, Fe3O4, and hematite, Fe2O3, with comments on selected oxygen buffer reactions: American Mineralogist, v. 75, no. 7-8, p. 781-790.","startPage":"781","endPage":"790","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb274e4b08c986b3257f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015822,"text":"70015822 - 1990 - Traveltime inversion using transmitted waves of offset VSP data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:26:10.232465","indexId":"70015822","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Traveltime inversion using transmitted waves of offset VSP data","docAbstract":"Estimation of layer parameters such as interval velocity, reflector depth, and dip can be formulated as a generalized linear inverse problem using observed arrival times. Based on a 2-D earth model, a computationally efficient and accurate formula is derived for traveltime inversion. This inversion method is applied to offset vertical seismic profile (VSP) data for estimating layer parameters using only transmitted first-arrival times. As opposed to a layer-stripping method, this method estimates all layer parameters simultaneously, thus reducing the cumulative error resulting from the errors in the upper layers. This investigation indicates (1) at least two source locations are required to estimate layer parameters properly, and (2) accurate arrival times are essential for computing the dip of a layer reliably. Bulk time shifts, such as static shifts, do not affect the parameter estimation significantly if the amount of shift is not too large. The result of real and modeled VSP data inversions indicates that traveltime inversion using transmitted first-arrival times from at least two source locations is a viable method for estimating interval velocities, reflector depths, and reflector dips.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442920","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 1990, Traveltime inversion using transmitted waves of offset VSP data: Geophysics, v. 55, no. 8, p. 1089-1097, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442920.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1097","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb786e4b08c986b327310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015878,"text":"70015878 - 1990 - High-resolution reflectance spectra of Mars in the 2.3-μm region: evidence for the mineral scapolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T13:43:13","indexId":"70015878","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution reflectance spectra of Mars in the 2.3-μm region: evidence for the mineral scapolite","docAbstract":"patially resolved reflectance spectra of Mars in the 2.2- to 2.4-μm spectral region were obtained in August 1988 using the NASA 3-m Infrared Telescope Facility. The spectra show weak absorption features due to Martian atmospheric carbon monoxide and a surface mineral. Both CO and the mineral absorptions are composed of overlapping narrow features, but in many locations, such as Hellas, Chryse, Eden, and Moab, the mineral absorptions are quite strong, at least 3 times stronger than at the most absorbing wavelengths of CO near 2.33 μm. Therefore CO complicates the analysis of the surface mineral but does not always overwhelm its signature. Model removal of the Martian atmospheric CO has been performed, and the remaining absorption bands are identified as scapolite. Relatively strong absorptions that match bands in the spectrum of scapolite and have little or no CO absorption interference are seen near 2.41, 2.39, and 2.29 μm. Absorption also occurs at the scapolite bands at 2.36 and 2.33 μm, but the analysis is complicated by uncertainty in the atmospheric CO removal at these wavelengths. Weaker scapolite bands are seen at 2.44 and 2.23 μm where there is virtually no atmospheric interference. The scapolite bands observed on Mars are due to HCO3− and HSO4− ions in the scapolite structure. The bicarbonate and bisulfate contents appear to vary with location: the scapolite in Hellas is more bisulfate-rich relative to that in the Chryse/Moab/Eden area. Other locations contain little (Arabia, Syrtis Major, Hellespontica, and Isidis) or no scapolite (e.g., Margaritifer, Ausonia, and Erythraeum). The calculated abundances are unconstrained because the amounts of HCO3− and HSO4− in the Martian scapolites as well as their grain sizes are not known. If the scapolites contain about 3 wt % of each, near the maximum possible, the scapolite abundances probably range from about 5 wt % scapolite at Eden and Hellas; 3–5% at Chryse, Moab, and Oxia Palus; 2–3% at Arabia, Syrtis Major, and Isidis; to less than 2% at Hellespontica, Syrtis Minor, and Margaritifer, assuming a relatively large grain size of 50–100 μm. If the characteristic grain sizes are smaller or the HCO3− and HSO4− contents are lower, the scapolite abundances required to match the observed band depths would be higher. The mineral bands are apparent in many of the Mars spectra measured, so it appears to be widely but not uniformly distributed. The newly observed fine structure also varies greatly in both depth and spectral detail with location on Mars. Thus there appears to be regional variations in composition. The mineral phases appear to reflect local or regional geology and are not primarily contained in the homogeneous, globally redistributed aeolian dust. Higher spectral resolution Martian spectra in the 2.3-μm region as well as at 3.9 μm are needed to confirm the scapolite identification and to constrain its abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB09p14463","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Singer, R.B., and Pollack, J.B., 1990, High-resolution reflectance spectra of Mars in the 2.3-μm region: evidence for the mineral scapolite: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, no. B9, p. 14463-14480, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB09p14463.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"14463","endPage":"14480","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479844,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb095ib09p14463","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3114e4b0c8380cd5dbf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, Robert B.","contributorId":16166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollack, James B.","contributorId":12616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015885,"text":"70015885 - 1990 - Acoustic Doppler discharge-measurement system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70015885","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Acoustic Doppler discharge-measurement system","docAbstract":"A discharge-measurement system that uses a vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler has been developed and tested by the U.S. Geological Survey. Discharge measurements using the system require a fraction of the time needed for conventional current-meter discharge measurements and do not require shore-based navigational aids or tag lines for positioning the vessel.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference","conferenceDate":"30 July 1990 through 31 July 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627748","usgsCitation":"Simpson, M.R., and Oltmann, R.N., 1990, Acoustic Doppler discharge-measurement system, in Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 30 July 1990 through 31 July 1990, p. 903-908.","startPage":"903","endPage":"908","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e69be4b0c8380cd4751e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chang Howard H.Hill Joseph C.","contributorId":128375,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Chang Howard H.Hill Joseph C.","id":536313,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Michael R.","contributorId":90704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oltmann, Richard N.","contributorId":63377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltmann","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016454,"text":"70016454 - 1990 - The geology of selected peat-forming environments in temperate and tropical latitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T00:53:38.078031","indexId":"70016454","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geology of selected peat-forming environments in temperate and tropical latitudes","docAbstract":"We studied peat in several geologic and climatic settings: (1) a glaciated terrain in cold-temperate Maine and Minnesota, U.S.A.; (2) an island in a temperate maritime climate in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Maine, U.S.A., where sea level is rising rapidly and changing the environment of peat accumulation; (3) swamps along the warm-temperate U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, where sea level has changed often, thus creating sites for accumulation; and (4) in a tropical climate along the coast of Sarawak, Malaysia, and the delta of the Batang Hari River, Sumatra, Indonesia (Figs. 1 and 2). With the exception of the deposits on the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, most of the deposits described are domed bogs in which peat accumulation continued above the surface of the surrounding soil. The bogs of the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains have almost level surfaces. All domed bogs are not entirely ombrotrophic (watered only from precipitation); multidomed bogs that rise from irregular or hilly surfaces may be crossed by streams that supply water to the bogs.
The geologic processes or organic sedimentation, namely terrestrialization and paludification, are similar in all peat deposits considered here. Differences in geomorphology affecting the quantity and that quality of peat that has ash contents of less than 25%, which are desirable for commercial purposes, depend chiefly on: (1) high humidity, which is favorable to luxuriant growth of peat-forming vegetation; (2) a depositional setting that permits extensive accumulation relatively free from inorganic contamination from sea water and streams and from dust and volcanic ash; and (3) a stable regional water table that controls the rate of decomposition under aerobic conditions and protects the deposit against the ravages of fire.
Differences in peat textures are due to the type of vegetation and to the degree of decomposition. The rate of decomposition is largely the result of the amount of oxidation and aerobic microbial activity. Stratigraphic distribution of various textures and amounts of inorganic components within a peat deposit is largely determined by the vertical positions occupied by peat-forming environments, such as pond, marsh, swamp and heath where vegetation accumulated, and the depth to zones of unoxygenated water.
Peat also differs in the rate of accumulation. On the basis of carbon-14 dating, an estimated 8 m of peat in the tropical Batang Hari River deposit in Sumatra has been accumulating at the rate of about 1.5 m/1,000 yr, whereas peat in the cold-temperate deposit in Maine has been accumulating at the rate of 0.66 m/1,000 yr. Accumulation rates in domed deposits such as these are affected not only by factors controlling volume of biomass and aerobic decay but also by stream erosion and fires that remove peat. Such disconformities (see Fig. 2) within the deposit may be recognized by sudden vertical changes in degree of decomposition and/or the presence of charcoal.
The trace-element content of peat deposits is affected by the environments of their settings. Samples of peat that have an ash content of less than 25% dry weight and that are from small, almost level swamp deposits along the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina were compared with similar samples from small domed bogs in Maine, a glaciated area. Samples from Nort Carolina, which are from deposits in thick fluvial and nearshore marine sediments far from the bedrock source, are generally higher in Ti, Cr and Pb. The Maine samples from deposits in glacial drift close to the bedrock source contain more Zn, Mn, P, Ca, Na and Fe. The kind and amount of trace elements within the deposits appear to relate largely to depositional setting, to kinds of bedrock source, and to the modes of transportation from source to peat swamp.
Trace-element concentrations in the extensive Sumatra peat deposit, which represents a potentially commercial coal bed, are similar to those found in Appalachian coals except for As and Au, which are higher in the former. This similarity most likely implies that geochemical controls on mineral matter controlled the concentrations in both.
Most peat deposits found in the world today are not precursors of economic coal beds because they are too local in extent, lack beds of commercial-quality peat greater than 6 m thick, and/or are too far from sea level to be rapidly by marine or marginal marine sediments before destruction by erosion and decomposition. However, the two domed deposits in Sarawak and Sumatra described above are parts of extensive, thick, low-sulfur, fuel-quality peat deposits, which have bases below the levels of rivers on coastal deltas. These are likely to be preserved in their lower part and to become precursors of tropical coal seams of potential economic importance. The lenticular and tabular peat deposits of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, which have little chance of survival, have features resembling those in Tertiary peat deposits in alluvial settings of western North America.
The quality, shape, and extent of modern and ancient peat deposits are controlled by the same factors - humidity, vegetation type, ground- and surface-water regimes, and physiographic and geologic setting. Thus, a study of modern peat deposits may help in studies of the areal distribution and the thickness and quality of ancient coal beds.
The Pacific Border Ranges of the southern Alaskan Cordillera are composed of a number of allochthonous tectonostratigraphic terranes. Within these terranes are widespread volcanogenic, massive sulfide deposits in and adjacent to portions of accreted ophiolite complexes, bands and disseminations of chromite in accreted island-arc ultramafic rocks, and epigenetic, gold-bearing quartz veins in metamorphosed turbidite sequences. A geochemical pilot study was undertaken to determine the most efficient exploration strategy for locating these types of mineral deposits within the Pacific Border Ranges and other typical convergent continental margin environments.
High-density sediment sampling was carried out in first- and second-order stream channels surrounding typical gold, chromite and massive sulfide occurrences. At each site, a stream-sediment and a panned-concentrate sample were collected. In the laboratory, the stream sediments were sieved into coarse-sand, fine- to medium-sand, and silt- to clay-size fractions prior to analysis. One split of the panned concentrates was retained for analysis; a second split was further concentrated by gravity separation in heavy liquids and then divided into magnetic, weakly magnetic and nonmagnetic fractions for analysis. A number of different techniques including atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and semi-quantitative emission spectrography were used to analyze the various sample media.
Comparison of the various types of sample media shows that in this tectonic environment it is most efficient to include a silt- to clay-size sediment fraction and a panned-concentrate sample. Even with the relatively low detection limits for many elements by plasma spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry, anomalies reflecting the presence of gold veins could not be identified in any of the stream-sediment fractions. Unseparated panned-concentrate samples should be analyzed by emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry for Ag and Au. If, however, magnetic and nonmagnetic concentrate fractions are used in a reconnaissance program, semiquantitative emission spectrography is adequate for all analytical work.
In a 12 week experiment, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were fed diets in which 50% of the nitrogen was provided by one of six preparations of Saccharomyces yeast. Fish fed baker's yeast with disrupted cell walls grew at a rate equal to that of fish fed the control diet and faster than fish fed intact yeast cells. Fish fed a diet containing disrupted yeast cells previously washed in a saline solution did not perform as well. The results of this study indicated that it may be possible to use more than 50% yeast in the diets of salmonid fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1749-7345.1990.tb01024.x","usgsCitation":"Rumsey, G.L., Hughes, S.G., and Kinsella, J., 1990, Use of dietary yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae nitrogen by lake trout: Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v. 21, no. 3, p. 205-209, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1990.tb01024.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132113,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60466b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rumsey, G. L.","contributorId":80604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumsey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinsella, John L.","contributorId":336680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinsella","given":"John L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":900692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015801,"text":"70015801 - 1990 - Geotechnical characteristics and slope stability on the Ebro margin, western Mediterranean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-01T11:23:57.550502","indexId":"70015801","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geotechnical characteristics and slope stability on the Ebro margin, western Mediterranean","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac00204a019","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., and Grim, E., 1990, Combustion tube method for measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios using calcium oxide for total rmoval of carbon dioxide and water: Analytical Chemistry, v. 62, no. 5, p. 526-529, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00204a019.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"529","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e3e4b0c8380cd4cd63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grim, E.","contributorId":41144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015938,"text":"70015938 - 1990 - Stratigraphic, lithologic, and major element geochemical constraints on magmatic evolution at Lassen volcanic center, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:53:26.689232","indexId":"70015938","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic, lithologic, and major element geochemical constraints on magmatic evolution at Lassen volcanic center, California","docAbstract":"The Lassen volcanic center is the most recent of several long-lived volcanic centers in the southernmost Cascade Range. These centers have erupted products ranging from basaltic andesite to rhyolite and are superimposed on a background of regional basaltic to andesitic volcanism. The evolution of the Lassen volcanic center is described in three stages. Stages I and II comprise the Brokeoff volcano, and 80 km3 andesitic stratocone, active from 600 to 400 ka. Brokeoff volcano is compositionally equivalent to the regional basaltic andesite to andesite volcanism in the Lassen region and is the result of structurally controlled focusing of the diffuse regional mafic magmatism. Stage III comprises a silicic dome field and adjacent area of hybrid andesites and has a total volume of about 100 km3. Volcanism during stage III was episodic and is subdivided into four sequences of lithologically and temporally distinct lavas. Stage III began at 400 ka with a rhyolitic, caldera-forming pyroclastic eruption and chemically related lavas. Additional sequences of dacite erupted between 250–200 ka and 100–0 ka. Hybrid andesites erupted adjacent to the silicic dome field between 300 and 0 ka. Porphyritic andesite and dacite with high Al2O3, low TiO2, medium K2O and FeO/MgO ratios of 1.5–2.0 are the most abundant rock types in the Lassen volcanic center. However, the single most voluminous unit is sparsely phyric rhyolite pumice. In general, the lavas of Lassen volcanic center form a single coherent trend on major element variation diagrams and in pseudo-quaternary phase space, consistant with an origin either by fractional crystallization or magma mixing. In detail, however, the lack of systematic temporal change in silica and subtly crossing trends indicate a complex origin. A variety of statistically successful fractional crystallization models can be constructed that derive Brokeoff andesites from regional magmas. An important conclusion of the modeling is that if fractional crystallization is the process responsible for generation of Brokeoff andesite, then the parent magma must be low to medium K in geochemical affinity in order to explain the variation in K2O. However, although major element variation can be modeled by fractional crystallization, petrographic and stratigraphic evidence indicates that magma mixing is an important but subtle process in Brokeoff lavas and suggests that lavas evolved in small independent batches. Lavas erupted during stage III, while predominantly silicic, range from 53 to 75% SiO2. Disequilibrium mineral assemblages in the stage III lavas indicate that they are not directly derived from Brokeoff andesite by fractional crystallization. Mixing of silicic magma with regional mafic magma and disaggregation of andesitic quenched magmatic inclusions play dominant roles in the compositional diversity of stage III lavas.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB12p19651","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M., 1990, Stratigraphic, lithologic, and major element geochemical constraints on magmatic evolution at Lassen volcanic center, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B12, p. 19651-19669, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p19651.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"19651","endPage":"19669","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9970e4b08c986b31c411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016121,"text":"70016121 - 1990 - Differentiator design and performance for edge sharpening","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:26:16","indexId":"70016121","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiator design and performance for edge sharpening","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional differentiator is useful for edge sharpening in digital image processing. In the design of a differentiator, differentiator coefficients that satisfy the specification of frequency response must be approximated. Four mathematical techniques - the minimax method, least-squares method, nonlinear programming, and linear programming - can be applied to solve the approximation problem. Results indicated that the differentiator derived from linear programming gives the highest resolution. -from Authors","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Pan, J., and Domingue, J.O., 1990, Differentiator design and performance for edge sharpening: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 56, no. 5, p. 573-578.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"578","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a010ae4b0c8380cd4fa80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pan, Jeng-Jong","contributorId":35877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Jeng-Jong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domingue, Julia O.","contributorId":91832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingue","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015834,"text":"70015834 - 1990 - High temperature annealing of fission tracks in fluorapatite, Santa Fe Springs oil field, Los Angeles Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T20:08:40","indexId":"70015834","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2067,"text":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High temperature annealing of fission tracks in fluorapatite, Santa Fe Springs oil field, Los Angeles Basin, California","docAbstract":"Annealing of fission tracks is a kinetic process dependent primarily on temperature and to a laser extent on time. Several kinetic models of apatite annealing have been proposed. The predictive capabilities of these models for long-term geologic annealing have been limited to qualitative or semiquantitative at best, because of uncertainties associated with (1) the extrapolation of laboratory observations to geologic conditions, (2) the thermal histories of field samples, and (3) to some extent, the effect of apatite composition on reported annealing temperatures. Thermal history in the Santa Fe Springs oil field, Los Angeles Basin, California, is constrained by an exceptionally well known burial history and present-day temperature gradient. Sediment burial histories are continuous and tightly constrained from about 9 Ma to present, with an important tie at 3.4 Ma. No surface erosion and virtually no uplift were recorded during or since deposition of these sediments, so the burial history is simple and uniquely defined. Temperature gradient (???40??C km-1) is well established from oil-field operations. Fission-track data from the Santa Fe Springs area should thus provide one critical field test of kinetic annealing models for apatite. Fission-track analysis has been performed on apatites from sandstones of Pliocene to Miocene age from a deep drill hole at Santa Fe Springs. Apatite composition, determined by electron microprobe, is fluorapatite [average composition (F1.78Cl0.01OH0.21)] with very low chlorine content [less than Durango apatite; sample means range from 0.0 to 0.04 Cl atoms, calculated on the basis of 26(O, F, Cl, OH)], suggesting that the apatite is not unusually resistant to annealing. Fission tracks are preserved in these apatites at exceptionally high present-day temperatures. Track loss is not complete until temperatures reach the extreme of 167-178??C (at 3795-4090 m depth). The temperature-time annealing relationships indicated by the new data from Santa Fe Springs conflict with predictions based on previously published, commonly used, kinetic annealing models for apatite. Work is proceeding on samples from another area of the basin that may resolve this discrepancy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 6th International Fission Track Dating Workshop","conferenceLocation":"Besancon, Fr","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/1359-0189(90)90097-H","issn":"0191278X","usgsCitation":"Naeser, N.D., Crowley, K.D., McCulloh, T.H., and Reaves, C.M., 1990, High temperature annealing of fission tracks in fluorapatite, Santa Fe Springs oil field, Los Angeles Basin, California: International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, v. 17, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(90)90097-H.","startPage":"424","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268865,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(90)90097-H"},{"id":222869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30d5e4b0c8380cd5d9ae","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Couchot PierreFromm M.Chambaudet A.Rebetez M.Van den haute Peteret al","contributorId":128349,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Couchot PierreFromm M.Chambaudet A.Rebetez M.Van den haute Peteret al","id":536309,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Naeser, Nancy D.","contributorId":82753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowley, Kevin D.","contributorId":63536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCulloh, Thane H.","contributorId":100450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloh","given":"Thane","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reaves, Chris M.","contributorId":10554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reaves","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016204,"text":"70016204 - 1990 - Climatic change and permafrost. Record from surficial deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:17:29.790706","indexId":"70016204","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2221,"text":"Journal of Cold Regions Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic change and permafrost. Record from surficial deposits","docAbstract":"The physical and chemical characteristics of surficial deposits and the floral and faunal remains they contain provide information that is useful for interpreting both paleoclimate and past permafrost conditions. Surficial deposits thus provide a record of climatic change and permafrost history. This record suggests that initiation of permafrost in lowland areas of the Southern Arctic Archipelago and continents of the northern hemisphere may have occurred about 2,400,000 years ago during the pronounced cooling that led to the first major glaciation of late Cenozoic time. Since then, climate has been relatively cold but cyclically variable, characterized by the growth and shrinkage of large, continental ice sheets. Permafrost has expanded and contracted in response to these climatic changes, and we can expect the present permafrost conditions to change in response to future climatic changes. To predict the response of permafrost and the landscape to future climatic change we should: (1) Define relations between climate and the modern landscape; (2) establish long‐term records of past climatic change and landscape response; and (3) determine the paleoenvironments of past warm periods as possible analogs for future global warming.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1990)4:1(43)","issn":"0887381X","usgsCitation":"Carter, L.D., 1990, Climatic change and permafrost. Record from surficial deposits: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, v. 4, no. 1, p. 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1990)4:1(43).","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223100,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f65de4b0c8380cd4c70c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, L. David","contributorId":16827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016137,"text":"70016137 - 1990 - Episodic changes in lateral transport and phytoplankton distribution in South San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T11:13:06","indexId":"70016137","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Episodic changes in lateral transport and phytoplankton distribution in South San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Increased lateral flows were directed to the west and may explain the large fluctuations in phytoplankton biomass observed over the broad eastern shoal during spring. -from Authors
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","usgsCitation":"Huzzey, L., Cloern, J., and Powell, T., 1990, Episodic changes in lateral transport and phytoplankton distribution in South San Francisco Bay: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 35, no. 2, p. 472-478.","startPage":"472","endPage":"478","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267943,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_35/issue_2/0472.pdf"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a0fe4b0c8380cd521a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huzzey, L.M.","contributorId":38287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huzzey","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, T.M.","contributorId":88090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}