{"pageNumber":"4477","pageRowStart":"111900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184769,"records":[{"id":70016046,"text":"70016046 - 1990 - Carbon speciation and surface tension of fog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T01:56:57.433765","indexId":"70016046","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon speciation and surface tension of fog","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00075a017","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., Gunde, R., Zurcher, F., and Giger, W., 1990, Carbon speciation and surface tension of fog: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 24, no. 5, p. 722-727, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00075a017.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"722","endPage":"727","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223090,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Switzerland","city":"Zurich","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              8.496434123338588,\n              47.34552610978804\n            ],\n            [\n              8.57163650401236,\n              47.33954744137378\n            ],\n            [\n              8.576859110190497,\n              47.34007830532599\n            ],\n            [\n              8.582081716367554,\n              47.34078611562535\n            ],\n            [\n              8.584693019457148,\n              47.34414808496214\n            ],\n           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D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunde, R.","contributorId":73341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunde","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zurcher, F.","contributorId":10931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zurcher","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giger, W.","contributorId":38714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giger","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003604,"text":"1003604 - 1990 - Immune response of mallard ducks treated with immunosuppressive agents: Antibody response to erythrocytes and in vivo response to phytohemagglutinin-P","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T23:01:56.570927","indexId":"1003604","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immune response of mallard ducks treated with immunosuppressive agents: Antibody response to erythrocytes and in vivo response to phytohemagglutinin-P","docAbstract":"<div id=\"9835756\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The ability of two in vivo tests to assay immune competence of mallard ducks (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) treated with various immunomodulatory agents was examined. Skin responses to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) injected intradermally and serum antibody levels produced in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were measured. As measured by the skin response to PHA-P, ducks injected intramuscularly with cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine did not respond differently from control-injected ducks. Dexamethasone injected intramuscularly significantly suppressed the skin response to PHA-P. As measured by antibody levels in response to SRBC, ducks injected intramuscularly with cyclophosphamide responded with antibody titers similar to controls. Cyclosporine injected intramuscularly reduced the level of immunoglobulin (Ig) G significantly in one of two experiments. Dexamethasone injected intramuscularly reduced peak total and IgG titers. These experiments provide information on the viability of these two in vivo tests to reflect immune competence of mallard ducks.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-26.3.307","usgsCitation":"Schrank, C., Cook, M., and Hansen, W.R., 1990, Immune response of mallard ducks treated with immunosuppressive agents: Antibody response to erythrocytes and in vivo response to phytohemagglutinin-P: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 26, no. 3, p. 307-315, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-26.3.307.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135838,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15261,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jwildlifedis.org/doi/pdf/10.7589/0090-3558-26.3.307","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"3294.000000000000000"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c66e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrank, C.S.","contributorId":60993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrank","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, M.E.","contributorId":61019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, W. R.","contributorId":59378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015969,"text":"70015969 - 1990 - Anomalous chloride flux discharges from Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015969","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalous chloride flux discharges from Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"The chloride concentration of some thermal springs in and adjacent to Yellowstone National Park is constant through time although their discharge varies seasonally. As a result the chloride flux from these springs increases during periods of increased discharge. We believe that this is caused by changes in the height of the local groundwater table, which affects the discharge of the springs but not their chloride concentration. The discharge from Mammoth Hot Springs varies seasonally, but its chloride concentration remains constant. We take this as evidence that this major thermal feature is derived from orifices that are tapping the local water table close to its surface. Three of the four major rivers (Yellowstone, Snake and Falls) exiting the Park also show an increased chloride flux during the spring runoff that cannot be explained solely by the contribution of snowmelt, nor by release of hot-spring-derived chloride stored in the soil during the winter and released in the spring. The increased chloride flux in these rivers is attributed to their draining shallow hot springs similar to those mentioned above. In contrast to the Yellowstone, Snake and Falls Rivers, the Firehole and Gibbon Rivers, which unite to form the Madison River and which collectively drain several major geyser basins, display a poor correlation between chloride flux and discharge. The cause, we believe, is that a large part of the thermal water input to these two rivers originated at great depths where the seasonal variation in the height of the water table had a negligible effect on hot spring discharge. Monitoring of seasonal discharge and chloride concentration of thermal features yields information on the depths at which these thermal features tap the local water table. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., and Norton, D.R., 1990, Anomalous chloride flux discharges from Yellowstone National Park: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 42, no. 3, p. 225-234.","startPage":"225","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec45e4b0c8380cd4916f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norton, D. R.","contributorId":78865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015947,"text":"70015947 - 1990 - Occurrence and geochemistry of natural gases, Piceance Basin, northwest Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T18:02:11.078553","indexId":"70015947","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and geochemistry of natural gases, Piceance Basin, northwest Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The Piceance basin is a hydrocarbon-rich province that has natural gas production from reservoirs ranging in age from Late Jurassic to Eocene and large undeveloped resources of natural gas in coal beds and tight sandstone reservoirs of Cretaceous age. Gases from all producing intervals are of predominantly thermal origin and become isotopically heavier (delta isotope{13}C[1]: -51.3 to -29.1 o/oo) and chemically drier (C[1]/C[1-5]: 0.26 to 1.00) with increasing thermal maturity of reservoirs (R[o]: 0.45 to 2.40%) over a depth range of 1100 to 11,702 ft (335-3567 m). Scatter in trend is attributed to source rock differences and considerable vertical and lateral migration.</p><p>Based on chemical and isotopic composition, three major types of gases can be distinguished: those generated from mixed type II and III kerogens, those from dispersed type III kerogen, and those from coal. Gases generated from mixed type II and III kerogens are produced from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, the Upper Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone, the Upper Cretaceous Mancos \"B\" producing interval, and marginal marine sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Iles producing interval. These gases are associated with minor amounts of oil and probably were generated from kerogen in the marine Mancos Shale. Gases generated from dispersed type III kerogen are produced from nonmarine sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork producing inter al and from thermally immature reservoirs in the overlying Paleocene and Eocene Fort Union and Wasatch Formations. These nonassociated gases contain large amounts of CO[2] and probably were generated from carbonaceous shales in the Williams Fork producing interval. Their presence in immature Fort Union and Wasatch reservoirs implies considerable vertical migration. The third type of gas is methane rich, is produced by devolatilization of humic coal, and is generally in coal beds of the Cameo-Fairfield zone of the Williams Fork producing interval. These gases are not the major source for adjacent sandstone reservoirs. A fourth, distinct type of isotopically light thermogenic gas occurs in immature reservoirs of the Eocene Green River Formation. This gas is inferred to have migrated from u identified deeper, more mature source rocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/0C9B2399-1710-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., and Rice, D.D., 1990, Occurrence and geochemistry of natural gases, Piceance Basin, northwest Colorado: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 74, no. 6, p. 805-829, https://doi.org/10.1306/0C9B2399-1710-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"805","endPage":"829","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.0249393209844,\n              38.04389901746828\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.15313082621088,\n              38.5199620821555\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.70274922508969,\n              39.04443423406735\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.10074875531264,\n              39.52119616632223\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.90174899020116,\n              40.10351690400955\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.74512894710146,\n              40.16871904411397\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.96308107079528,\n              39.440741581373345\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.59351007844556,\n              38.8749573206166\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.0249393209844,\n              38.04389901746828\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b6be4b0c8380cd746a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Dudley D.","contributorId":11601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Dudley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003143,"text":"1003143 - 1990 - Use of fish corrals in the seine fishery of the Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:11","indexId":"1003143","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2665,"text":"Marine Fisheries Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of fish corrals in the seine fishery of the Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"Although selected aspects of the commercial fishery in the Virgin Islands have been documented since the  early 1930's, fish corrals and their use have not been described. This account, based on personal observations  made during 1985-86, summarizes commercial fishing methods in the Virgin Islands (U.S. and British),  documents the use of fish corrals, and serves as an introduction to the methodologies of this harvesting  technique. Interviews of commercial fishermen about how and when fish corrals are used provided information  not available from direct observation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Fisheries Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Jennings, C., 1990, Use of fish corrals in the seine fishery of the Virgin Islands: Marine Fisheries Review, v. 52, no. 3, p. 18-19.","productDescription":"pp. 18-19","startPage":"18","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60472f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A.","contributorId":38504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003528,"text":"1003528 - 1990 - Effect of pH on the accumulation kinetics of pentachlorophenol in goldfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-11T17:38:05.210823","indexId":"1003528","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of pH on the accumulation kinetics of pentachlorophenol in goldfish","docAbstract":"<p><span>The kinetics of accumulation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) at various pH values were investigated to explore how pH-dependent accumulation might influence PCP toxicity. Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to 5 μg PCP/L in a static system buffered with 7.5 mM bicine or</span><i>N,N</i><span>-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (BES) at pH 7.0, 8.0, or 9.0. The amount of PCP in the fish, concentration of PCP in water, and the total amount of metabolites in the system were measured after exposure of fish from 1 to 96 hr. Equations for these variables based on a two compartment pharmacokinetic model were fitted simultaneously to the data using NONLIN, which uses an iterative nonlinear least squares technique. Uptake clearance, metabolic clearance, and apparent volume of distribution of PCP decreased as pH increased. The decrease in PCP accumulation with increased pH was not due solely to a pH-induced decrease in uptake. In addition, the distribution of PCP within the fish was altered by changes in the external pH. The pH-associated changes in distribution may have altered access of PCP to sites of metabolism, thereby altering the metabolic clearance. The pH-related changes in the pharmacokinetics of PCP resulted in a decrease in its bioconcentration factor with an increase in pH and account both for the decreased capacity of the fish to accumulate PCP and for its reduced LC50.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01054993","usgsCitation":"Stehly, G., and Hayton, W.L., 1990, Effect of pH on the accumulation kinetics of pentachlorophenol in goldfish: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 19, no. 3, p. 464-470, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01054993.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"464","endPage":"470","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201921,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6255f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stehly, G. R.","contributorId":34081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayton, W. L.","contributorId":100325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayton","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006700,"text":"70006700 - 1990 - Study indicates feather meal can be a good supplement in trout diets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T08:54:41","indexId":"70006700","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3712,"text":"Water Farming Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Study indicates feather meal can be a good supplement in trout diets","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Farming Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"C.T. and A. Inc.","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S., 1990, Study indicates feather meal can be a good supplement in trout diets: Water Farming Journal, v. 5, no. 8, p. 16-16.","startPage":"16","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ccfe4b08c986b31d4cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S.","contributorId":10384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046114,"text":"70046114 - 1990 - Districts for 104th Congress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T09:04:09","indexId":"70046114","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Districts for 104th Congress","docAbstract":"This is a polygon coverage of 104th Congressional District boundaries obtained from the U.S. Bureau of the Census.  The 103rd Congress was the first Congress that reflected the reapportionment and delineation of congressional districts based on the 1990 census.  The next (104th) Congress reflects redelineation of districts that occurred for six states: Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, South Carolina, and Virginia. Congressional Districts U.S. House of Representatives Census TIGER/Line Files","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046114","usgsCitation":"U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1990, Districts for 104th Congress, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046114.","productDescription":"Dataset","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272838,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/cd104.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.88722375,22.93932776 ], [ -127.88722375,48.25041716 ], [ -65.37157901,48.25041716 ], [ -65.37157901,22.93932776 ], [ -127.88722375,22.93932776 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1e5e4b0605bc571ef98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Bureau of the Census","contributorId":127872,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Bureau of the Census","id":535517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003052,"text":"1003052 - 1990 - Physical factors and their influence on the mussel fauna of a main channel border habitat of the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:44:49.624444","indexId":"1003052","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical factors and their influence on the mussel fauna of a main channel border habitat of the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-lg-9 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body show-references \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>The habitats of mussel species in a portion of the main stem of Navigation Pool 10 of the upper Mississippi River were examined. Population composition, abundance, and sediment and current preferences were measured at 186 sites in the East Channel of the pool. Although total mussel abundance varied significantly as a function of sediment and current (p ≤ 0.05), abundance could be predicted in only 44% of sites by discriminant analysis models. Accurate prediction of abundance for most species also was poor. Species showed little discrimination in choosing main channel habitats, but could be broadly classified into species preferring fine to medium-fine sands (e.g., Truncilla truncata and Potamilus alatus) or coarser sands (e.g., Lampsilis cardium and Truncilla donaciformis). The endangered Lampsilis higginsi was found in a broad range of habitats similar to those occupied by many of the more common species, suggesting factors other than loss of adult habitat for the rarity of this species.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1467900","usgsCitation":"Holland Bartels, L.E., 1990, Physical factors and their influence on the mussel fauna of a main channel border habitat of the upper Mississippi River: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 9, no. 4, p. 327-335, https://doi.org/10.2307/1467900.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"335","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15666,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1467900?origin=crossref","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7385.000000000000000"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland Bartels, L. E.","contributorId":71505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland Bartels","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003210,"text":"1003210 - 1990 - Organochlorines, mercury, and selenium in wintering shorebirds from Washington and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:11","indexId":"1003210","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorines, mercury, and selenium in wintering shorebirds from Washington and California","docAbstract":"Dunlins Caldris alpina , and black-bellied plovers, Pluvialis squatarola , were collected in Washington and  California during the winter of 1984-85; long-billed dowitchers, Limnodromus scolopaceus , were collected in  California. Pooled breast muscles were analyzed for organochlorines and pooled livers for mercury and  selenium. DDE was detected in all eight dunlin, three of five dowitcher, and two of nine plover muscle pools.  Estimated DDE concentrations in dunlin carcasses at two sites in California were greater than 3 ppm wet wt, a  dietary concentration associated with eggshell thinning and decreased reproductive success in raptors.  Detectable concentrations of mercury and selenium were found in all liver pools.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Fish and Game","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., and Myers, J., 1990, Organochlorines, mercury, and selenium in wintering shorebirds from Washington and California: California Fish and Game, v. 76, no. 2, p. 118-125.","productDescription":"pp. 118-125","startPage":"118","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a6bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, J.P.","contributorId":92615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003134,"text":"1003134 - 1990 - Removal of benzocaine from water by filtration with activated carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:42:34.353603","indexId":"1003134","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Removal of benzocaine from water by filtration with activated carbon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Benzocaine is a promising candidate for registration with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use as an anesthetic in fish culture, management, and research. A method for the removal of benzocaine from hatchery effluents could speed registration of this drug by eliminating requirements for data on its residues, tolerances, detoxification, and environmental hazards. Carbon filtration effectively removes many organic compounds from water. This study tested the effectiveness of three types of activated carbon for removing benzocaine from water by column filtration under controlled laboratory conditions. An adsorptive capacity was calculated for each type of activated carbon. Filtrasorb 400 (12 × 40 mesh; U.S. standard sieve series) showed the greatest capacity for benzocaine adsorption (76.12 mg benzocaine/g carbon); Filtrasorb 300 (8 × 30 mesh) ranked next (31.93 mg/g); and Filtrasorb 816 (8 × 16 mesh) adsorbed the least (1.0 mg/g). Increased adsorptive capacity was associated with smaller carbon particle size; however, smaller particle size also impeded column flow. Carbon filtration is a practical means for removing benzocaine from treated water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0032:CROBFW%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Howe, G., Bills, T., and Marking, L.L., 1990, Removal of benzocaine from water by filtration with activated carbon: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 52, no. 1, p. 32-35, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1990)052%3C0032:CROBFW%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a3b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, G.E.","contributorId":53734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bills, T.D.","contributorId":6393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016136,"text":"70016136 - 1990 - Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples for detecting hydromorphic trace-element anomalies associated with precious-metal mineralized bedrock buried beneath glacial overburden in northern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70016136","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples for detecting hydromorphic trace-element anomalies associated with precious-metal mineralized bedrock buried beneath glacial overburden in northern Minnesota","docAbstract":"One objective of the International Falls and Roseau, Minnesota, CUSMAP projects was to develop a means of conducting regional-scale geochemical surveys in areas where bedrock is buried beneath complex glacially derived overburden. Partial analysis of B-horizon soils offered hope for detecting subtle hydromorphic trace-element dispersion patterns. An enzyme-based partial leach selectively removes metals from oxide coatings on the surfaces of soil materials without attacking their matrix. Most trace-element concentrations in the resulting solutions are in the part-per-trillion to low part-per-billion range, necessitating determinations by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. The resulting data show greater contrasts for many trace elements than with other techniques tested. Spatially, many trace metal anomalies are locally discontinuous, but anomalous trends within larger areas are apparent. In many instances, the source for an anomaly seems to be either basal till or bedrock. Ground water flow is probably the most important mechanism for transporting metals toward the surface, although ionic diffusion, electrochemical gradients, and capillary action may play a role in anomaly dispersal. Sample sites near the Rainy Lake-Seine River fault zone, a regional shear zone, often have anomalous concentrations of a variety of metals, commonly including Zn and/or one or more metals which substitute for Zn in sphalerite (Cd, Ge, Ga, and Sn). Shifts in background concentrations of Bi, Sb, and As show a trend across the area indicating a possible regional zoning of lode-Au mineralization. Soil anomalies of Ag, Co, and Tl parallel basement structures, suggesting areas that may have potential for Cobalt/Thunder Baytype silver viens. An area around Baudette, Minnesota, which is underlain by quartz-chlorite-carbonate-altered shear zones, is anomalous in Ag, As, Bi, Co, Mo, Te, Tl, and W. Anomalies of Ag, As, Bi, Te, and W tend to follow the fault zones, suggesting potential for lode-Au deposits. Soil anomalies of Co, Mo, and Tl appear to follow northwest-striking structures that cross the shear zones, suggesting that Thunder Bay-type mineralization may have overprinted earlier mineralization along the shear zones.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Gold '90 Symposium - Gold '90","conferenceDate":"26 February 1990 through 1 March 1990","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Soc of Mining Engineers of AIME","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO, United States","isbn":"087335091X","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.J., Meier, A.L., and Riddle, G., 1990, Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples for detecting hydromorphic trace-element anomalies associated with precious-metal mineralized bedrock buried beneath glacial overburden in northern Minnesota, Proceedings of the Gold '90 Symposium - Gold '90, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 26 February 1990 through 1 March 1990, p. 189-207.","startPage":"189","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09f5e4b0c8380cd52120","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hausen Donald M.Halbe Douglas N.Petersen Erich U.Tafuri William J.","contributorId":128400,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hausen Donald M.Halbe Douglas N.Petersen Erich U.Tafuri William J.","id":536322,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Robert J.","contributorId":12192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riddle, G.","contributorId":55284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185512,"text":"70185512 - 1990 - Tracking wildlife by satellite: Current systems and performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T14:06:36.941406","indexId":"70185512","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":26,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"Tracking wildlife by satellite: Current systems and performance","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1984, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has used the Argos Data Collection and Location System (DCLS) and Tiros-N series satellites to monitor movements and activities of 10 species of large mammals in Alaska and the Rocky Mountain region. Reliability of the entire system was generally high. Data were received from instrumented caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) during 91% of 318 possible transmitter-months. Transmitters failed prematurely on 5 of 45 caribou, 2 of 6 muskoxen (<i>Ovibos moschatus</i>), and 1 of 2 gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>). Failure rates were considerably higher for polar (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) and brown (<i>U. arctos</i>) bears than for caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>). Efficiency of gathering both locational and sensor data was related to both latitude and topography.</p><p>Mean error of locations was estimated to be 954 m (median = 543 m) for transmitters on captive animals; 90% of locations were &lt;1,732 m from the true location. Argos's new location class zero processing provided many more locations than normal processing, but mean location error was much higher than locations estimated normally. Locations were biased when animals were at elevations other than those used in Argos's calculations.</p><p>Long-term and short-term indices of animal activity were developed and evaluated. For several species, the long-term index was correlated with movement patterns and the short-term index was calibrated to specific activity categories (e.g., lying, feeding, walking).</p><p>Data processing and sampling considerations were evaluated. Algorithms for choosing the most reliable among a series of reported locations were investigated. Applications of satellite telemetry data and problems with lack of independence among locations are discussed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serivce","publisherLocation":"Washington,D.C.","issn":"0899-3505","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., Fancy, S.G., Douglas, D., Garner, G.W., Amstrup, S.C., McCabe, T.R., and Pank, L.F., 1990, Tracking wildlife by satellite: Current systems and performance: Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 30, 52 p.","productDescription":"52 p.","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":382536,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16021coll3/id/124/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df09e4b05ec79911d1c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Richard B.","contributorId":55138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fancy, Steven G.","contributorId":176135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fancy","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCabe, Thomas R.","contributorId":91255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pank, Larry F.","contributorId":82767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pank","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70184241,"text":"70184241 - 1990 - Effects of neck bands on the behavior of wintering greater white-fronted geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T15:23:06","indexId":"70184241","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of neck bands on the behavior of wintering greater white-fronted geese","docAbstract":"<p>A<span>ctivity budgets of adult Greater White-fronted Geese (<i>Anser albifrons frontalis</i>) with and without neck bands during the non-breeding season revealed that geese with neck bands spent more time preening than geese without neck bands while at foraging sites, but not while at roosting sites. Neck-banded and control geese spent equal time in other important activities (alert, feeding, sleeping, locomotor activities, flying, or social interactions) while at both foraging and roosting sites. Neck-banded geese apparently compensated for the increase in preening activity by reducing the amount of time spent in alert postures relative to control geese (23.9 vs. 28.6%), although the decrease was not significant (P = 0.106). There was a significant negative relationship (P = 0.038) between the length of time a goose had worn a neck band and the amount of time spent preening while at roost sites. After a short acclimation period, neck bands probably have minimal effect on the activity of wintering Greater White-fronted Geese.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., 1990, Effects of neck bands on the behavior of wintering greater white-fronted geese: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 61, no. 2, p. 249-253.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"253","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Basin, Sacremento Valley","volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ba8ebfe4b0bcef64f0b94f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000569,"text":"1000569 - 1990 - Redefinition of Teneridrilus Holmquist (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae), with description of two new species from North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1000569","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Redefinition of Teneridrilus Holmquist (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae), with description of two new species from North America","docAbstract":"The tubificid genus Teneridrilus Holmquist, 1985 (subfamily Tubificinae) is redefined.  The genus was originally monotypic for the type species, formerly classified as Ilyodrilus mastix Brinkhurst, 1978.  The genus now includes Teneridrilus columbiensis, a new combination for Isochaetides columbiensis, and two new species.  The first of these, Teneridrilus calvus, is described by Erseus and Brinkhurst, and the second, Teneridrilus flexus, by Erseus and Hiltunen.  Synapomorphies for the genus are strongly modified chaetae in II and an enlarged eversible pharnyx.  The genus is distributed from China to British Columbia, Washington and California in freshwater near the mouths of large rivers, and in the St. Marys River, which connects Lake Superior with Lakes Michgan and Huron.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Erseus, C., Hiltunen, J.K., Brinkhurst, R.O., and Schloesser, D.W., 1990, Redefinition of Teneridrilus Holmquist (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae), with description of two new species from North America: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 103, no. 4, p. 839-846.","productDescription":"p. 839-846","startPage":"839","endPage":"846","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a330","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erseus, Christer","contributorId":25118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erseus","given":"Christer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiltunen, Jarl K.","contributorId":27820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiltunen","given":"Jarl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinkhurst, Ralph O.","contributorId":14780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkhurst","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182642,"text":"70182642 - 1990 - Incubation rhythm in the Fulmar <i>Fulmarus glacialis</i>: Annual variation and sex roles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:57:02","indexId":"70182642","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incubation rhythm in the Fulmar <i>Fulmarus glacialis</i>: Annual variation and sex roles","docAbstract":"<p><span>I monitored the incubation schedules of Fulmars </span><i>Fulmarus glacialis</i><span> in an Alaskan colony by observing nests where the male and female were of different colour phases. Complete shifts of up to 16 days were recorded; the average shift in mid-incubation was 4–6 days. Mean shift length was inversely correlated with hatching success in 5 years, suggesting that Fulmars adjusted their foraging patterns to annual differences in food availability. Males assumed the larger share (55%) of incubation on average, and a larger share in years with lower hatching success. Serial correlation in the length of incubation shifts had two components - the influence of prior shift lengths on time spent foraging and individual variation. Failure of the male to relieve the female soon after laying resulted in a few breeding failures and egg losses were associated with exceptionally long shifts throughout incubation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.1990.tb00275.x","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., 1990, Incubation rhythm in the Fulmar <i>Fulmarus glacialis</i>: Annual variation and sex roles: Ibis, v. 132, no. 4, p. 515-524, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1990.tb00275.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"524","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Semidi Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.94793701171872,\n              55.94304778489654\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.544189453125,\n              55.94304778489654\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.544189453125,\n              56.28148552616123\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.94793701171872,\n              56.28148552616123\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.94793701171872,\n              55.94304778489654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15446e4b01ccd54fc5eeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":672556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000563,"text":"1000563 - 1990 - Recovery of an offshore lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) population in eastern Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T11:26:31","indexId":"1000563","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of an offshore lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) population in eastern Lake Superior","docAbstract":"<p><span>The lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) population at Stannard Rock, Michigan, an isolated offshore reef in eastern Lake Superior, was monitored each spring from 1959&ndash;79 using a permit assessment gill net fishery. This population, like nearly all of those in inshore waters, declined to low levels during the years of intense predation by the sea lamprey (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) in the late 1950s and early 1960s. After sea lamprey control began in 1961, the abundance of native lake trout at Stannard Rock began to increase slowly in the 1960s and was limited to recruitment into the fishable stock of native fish that were juveniles during the years of high sea lamprey activity. By the early 1970s, lake trout abundance increased sharply and remained at a high level. This rapid recovery resulted from several strong year classes produced by the small spawning aggregations that reached maturity in the 1960s. Reproduction occurred in all years during and after the peak of sea lamprey activity in 1959. The strengths of year classes produced in 1963&ndash;1968 were related to the relative abundance of spawners the previous fall.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(90)71421-9","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G.L., 1990, Recovery of an offshore lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) population in eastern Lake Superior: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 16, no. 2, p. 279-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(90)71421-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a31d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Gary L.","contributorId":16356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015624,"text":"1015624 - 1990 - [Book review] Amphibians and Roads, edited by T.E.S. Langton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-08T17:16:16","indexId":"1015624","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Amphibians and Roads, edited by T.E.S. Langton","docAbstract":"Review of: Amphibians and Roads: Toad Tunnel Conference Proceedings. Langton, T. E. S., editor. 1989. ACO Technologies PLC. 202 p. ISBN: 0951517201.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00111.x","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 1990, [Book review] Amphibians and Roads, edited by T.E.S. Langton: Conservation Biology, v. 4, no. 2, p. 210-211, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00111.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261791,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00111.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c67a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26611,"text":"wri894202 - 1990 - Ground-water levels, flow, and specific conductance in unconsolidated aquifers near Lake Erie, Cleveland to Conneaut, Ohio, September 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T18:55:56.382268","indexId":"wri894202","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4202","title":"Ground-water levels, flow, and specific conductance in unconsolidated aquifers near Lake Erie, Cleveland to Conneaut, Ohio, September 1984","docAbstract":"<p>This report described ground-water levels, flow, and specific conductance in aquifer along the southern shore of Lake Erie from Cleveland to Conneaut, Ohio. The data were collected in September 1984 as part of the U.S Geological Survey's Northeast Glacial Buried Valley Regional Aquifer-System Analysis. The study area is about 60 miles long, extends inland from the lake about 10 miles, and encompasses parts of Cuyahoga, Lake, and Ashtabula Counties. </p><p>Water levels were measured in 202 existing wells, all of which were completed in the glacial deposits or at the contact with the underlying shale. Specific conductance was measured in 59 of the wells. Results of the survey are presented in table and map form. </p><p>Unconsolidated material throughout the area consists primarily of till, whereas the bedrock consists of Devonian shale. The till is composed chiefly o silt and clay with some sand and gravel, and is less than 50 feet thick in most areas. Some valleys are filled with as much as 200 feet of glacial till and outwash deposits that are mainly sand and gravel. </p><p>Ground-water levels in much of the area within 20 feet of the land surface. Contours of ground-water levels resemble a subdued version of those of the land surface, which indicates that ground water generally flows from high areas to low areas following the land-surface gradient. Locally, ground water discharges into streams. Regionally, flow is towards the north-northeast, to Lake Erie. Specific conductance ranged from 160 to 2,900 <span>μ</span>S/cm (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius) with a median of 540 <span>μ</span>S/cm. Ground water with a specific conductance greater than 650 <span>μ</span>S/cm is localized, with no specific spatial pattern; possible sources of elevated specific conductance are road-deicing salt, leachate from landfills, natural brings associated with oil and gas drilling, and the leakage of saline water from bedrock.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894202","usgsCitation":"Coen, A.W., 1990, Ground-water levels, flow, and specific conductance in unconsolidated aquifers near Lake Erie, Cleveland to Conneaut, Ohio, September 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4202, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894202.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414720,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47278.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55480,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4202/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124136,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4202/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Cleveland, Conneaut","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.4833,\n              41.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5167,\n              41.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5167,\n              41.9667\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4833,\n              41.9667\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4833,\n              41.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coen, A. W. III","contributorId":104084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coen","given":"A.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008551,"text":"1008551 - 1990 - Effects of habitat fragmentation on a stream-dwelling species, the flattened musk turtle <i>Sternotherus depressus</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-15T10:50:50","indexId":"1008551","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of habitat fragmentation on a stream-dwelling species, the flattened musk turtle <i>Sternotherus depressus</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>The flattened musk turtle&nbsp;</span><i>Sternotherus depressus</i><span>&nbsp;has disappeared from more than half of its former range because of habitat modifications to stream and river channels in the Warrior River Basin, Alabama. Only 6&middot;9% of its probable historic range contains relatively healthy populations, and most populations are fragmented by extensive areas of unsuitable habitat. Turtles in the best remaining habitats continue to be vulnerable to disease and human-related disturbance, collecting and habitat modification. These factors lead to population declines and abnormal population structure. Habitat fragmentation, especially in small populations, increases vulnerability to human-caused catastrophes and demographic accidents, and could lead to eventual extinction. The threats facing fragmented populations of this turtle probably parallel those affecting many other stream-dwelling species throughout the southeastern United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(90)90040-V","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 1990, Effects of habitat fragmentation on a stream-dwelling species, the flattened musk turtle <i>Sternotherus depressus</i>: Biological Conservation, v. 54, p. 33-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(90)90040-V.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":130911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615160","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014606,"text":"1014606 - 1990 - Vertical distribution of adult American shad in the Connecticut River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T14:34:59","indexId":"1014606","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical distribution of adult American shad in the Connecticut River","docAbstract":"<p><span>Adult American shad&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa sapidissima</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>were sampled with vertical gill nets during the 1986 and 1987 spawning and postspawning migrations in the Connecticut River. Most (83%) were caught in the lower half of the water column, but not on the river bottom. The vertical distributions of gravid and spent fish were similar for both males and females. American shad showed no diel, seasonal, or yearly changes in depth distributions. Larger gravid fish swam deeper in the water column than did smaller gravid fish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1990)119<0151:NVDOAA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Witherell, D.B., and Kynard, B., 1990, Vertical distribution of adult American shad in the Connecticut River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 119, no. 1, p. 151-155, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1990)119<0151:NVDOAA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"155","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6020a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witherell, David B.","contributorId":98169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witherell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kynard, Boyd","contributorId":84234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"Boyd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014643,"text":"1014643 - 1990 - Research establishes proper feeding level for young Atlantic salmon in reuse system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:27","indexId":"1014643","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3330,"text":"Salmonid","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research establishes proper feeding level for young Atlantic salmon in reuse system","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Salmonid","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"90-078/TL","usgsCitation":"Poston, H.A., and Williams, R., 1990, Research establishes proper feeding level for young Atlantic salmon in reuse system: Salmonid, v. 14, no. 1, p. 12-13.","productDescription":"p. 12-13","startPage":"12","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a3e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poston, H. A.","contributorId":21893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poston","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R.C.","contributorId":103621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008566,"text":"1008566 - 1990 - Regional brain morphometry and lissencephaly in the Sirenia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-30T13:39:41.892553","indexId":"1008566","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1075,"text":"Brain, Behavior and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional brain morphometry and lissencephaly in the Sirenia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Neuroanatomical structure was examined in the brains of West Indian manatees&nbsp;</span><i>(Trichechus manatus)</i><span>&nbsp;using computer-based morphometric methods. Although manatees have a small relative brain size, volume estimates of the major brain regions indicate that the telencephalon comprises 71% of totalbrain volume and is 90% cerebral cortex. These values are comparable to those seen among a diversity of taxa having large relative brain size, including many primates. Manatee brains also exhibit well-defined cortical lamination. The measured gyration index (an index of cortical folding) was 1.06, representing a highly lissencephalic condition. These findings demonstrate that small relative brain size and lissencephaly do not constrain the elaboration of internal brain structures. The marked lissencephalic condition is unusual for brains of this absolute size range, and may be related to the thickness of the cortical gray matter and underlying white matter.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Karger","doi":"10.1159/000115866","usgsCitation":"Reep, R.L., and O’Shea, T.J., 1990, Regional brain morphometry and lissencephaly in the Sirenia: Brain, Behavior and Evolution, v. 35, no. 4, p. 185-194, https://doi.org/10.1159/000115866.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a35a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reep, Roger L.","contributorId":112488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reep","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":207270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008564,"text":"1008564 - 1990 - Encephalization quotients and life-history traits in the Sirenia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-15T11:15:55","indexId":"1008564","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Encephalization quotients and life-history traits in the Sirenia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Relative brain size in the Sirenia is unusually small. Encephalization quotients are 0.27 for Florida manatees (</span><i>Trichechus manatus</i><span>) and 0.38 for dugongs (</span><i>Dugong dugon</i><span>). Estimates for Steller's sea cow (</span><i>Hydrodamalis gigas</i><span>) range from 0.12 to 0.19. These values are among the lowest known for Recent mammals, and seemingly have changed little since the Eocene. A body plan specialized for the aquatic environment does not account for low encephalization quotients; values are substantially less than predicted based on cetacean or pinniped allometry. Life-history, ecological, and behavioral traits of the Sirenia are typical of relatively large-brained species. Low quality food and a low metabolic rate, however, are characteristic of the Sirenia and other small-brained mammals. Acting through prolonged postnatal growth, selection also likely favored large body size in the Sirenia without a correlated increase in brain size.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.2307/1381792","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., and Reep, R., 1990, Encephalization quotients and life-history traits in the Sirenia: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 71, no. 4, p. 534-543, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381792.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"543","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60565f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reep, R.L.","contributorId":5998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reep","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013299,"text":"1013299 - 1990 - Computer-aided procedure for counting waterfowl on aerial photographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:36:09","indexId":"1013299","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer-aided procedure for counting waterfowl on aerial photographs","docAbstract":"Examination of 46 Canada goose goslings yielded 14 species of parasites, including five Protozoa, four Nematoda, two Cestoda, and three Trematoda.  Evidence indicates that goslings acquired most of these infections during their first week of life. Some parasites, Prosthogonimus sp., occurred only in younger birds. Others, Leucocytozoon simondi, were evident only during the initial course of infection, while still others remained evident in older geese.  Parasites with a direct life cycle appeared to be more prevalent than those requiring intermediate hosts. Among 29 birds from a refuge in Michigan, 14 species of parasites were found; while in 17 goslings from a Utah refuge, only five  species occurred.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Bajzak, D., and Piatt, J.F., 1990, Computer-aided procedure for counting waterfowl on aerial photographs: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 18, no. 2, p. 125-129.","productDescription":"pp. 125-129","startPage":"125","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a637b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bajzak, D.","contributorId":45262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bajzak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}