{"pageNumber":"4477","pageRowStart":"111900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165901,"records":[{"id":80318,"text":"fwsobs82_10_97 - 1985 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lesser snow goose (wintering)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:52:07.014459","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_97","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.97","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lesser snow goose (wintering)","docAbstract":"<p>The lesser snow goose may have the largest population of any goose in the world (Cooch 1958; Kerbes 1975; Ogilvie 1978). Its arctic breeding range has greatly expanded since the mid-1950's (Bellrose 1976). In the United States, it normally ranks behind only the Canada goose (Branta canadensis) in population size (Bellrose 1976; Owen 1980) and in harvest (Carney et al. 1981, 1982). Because up to 70% of the geese harvested annually by hunters in Texas and Louisiana are lesser snow geese (Carney et al , 1981), its importance as a waterfowl species of the Gulf of Mexico coast cannot be overemphasized. Surveys taken in the Central and Mississippi Flyways from 1955 to 1975 have shown an upward trend in the number of wintering snow geese (Bellrose 1976). On the wintering grounds snow geese tend to remain in large, very conspicuous flocks that please both hunters and non-consumptive viewers of wildlife.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Leslie, J.C., and Zwank, P.J., 1985, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Lesser snow goose (wintering): FWS/OBS 82/10.97, vi, 16 p.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64980a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leslie, John C.","contributorId":100086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zwank, Phillip J.","contributorId":11287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwank","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":80315,"text":"fwsobs82_10_92 - 1985 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Southern and gulf flounders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:53:20.369238","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_92","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.92","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Southern and gulf flounders","docAbstract":"<p>Both the southern and gulf flounders (paralichthrS lethostigma, f. albi~utta) are important commercial and recreationa species. Catch statlstics for flounder do not differentiate between species; however, southern flounders are more common than gulf flounders except on the gulf coast of Florida (Topp and Hoff 1972). The commercial fishery consists of incidental catches by shrimp trawlers. A total of 853,162 kg (1,880,900 lb) of unclassified flounder worth $572,142 was caught from the Gulf of Mexico in 1976 (U.S. Dep. Commerce 1980). The sport fishery consists of both hook-and-line fishing and gigging.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Enge, K.M., and Mulholland, R., 1985, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Southern and gulf flounders: FWS/OBS 82/10.92, vi, 25 p.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enge, Kevin M.","contributorId":11707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enge","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulholland, Rosemarie","contributorId":8535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulholland","given":"Rosemarie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":77060,"text":"fwsobs82_10_86 - 1985 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Ruffed grouse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T14:54:41.625741","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_86","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.86","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Ruffed grouse","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application, and is scaled to produce an index between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). HSI models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., and Sousa, P.J., 1985, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Ruffed grouse: FWS/OBS 82/10.86, vi, 31 p.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64976a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sousa, Patrick J.","contributorId":19206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sousa","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013229,"text":"70013229 - 1985 - A kinematic model for the structure of lee-side (dune-like) deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-25T15:24:31.713128","indexId":"70013229","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A kinematic model for the structure of lee-side (dune-like) deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>A kinematic model for the structure of the lee-side deposit of a dune-like bedform, Gilbert-type delta, or similar step is developed, based on the assumptions that initial deposition is entirely by grainfall, that the rate of deposition decreases as a power function of distance downflow from the brink of the slipface, and that the resulting steepening of the slipface is periodically interrupted by avalanching. The parameters used in the model are: (1) the deposition rate at a given distance from the brink, (2) the exponent in the equation relating the deposition rate to distance from the brink, (3) the bedform migration rate, (4) the bedform height, (5) the avalanche speed, (6) the angle of initial yield, and (7) the residual angle after avalanching. From these parameters can be calculated structural characteristics such as the proportions of bottomset and foreset deposits, the proportions of avalanche and grainfall deposits in the foreset deposit, and the spacing of avalanche-grainfall couplets.</span></p><p><span>The model correctly predicts the trends of changing avalanche activity and changing structural character with changes in flow character, grain size, and bedform height in both air and water. Moreover, the model correctly predicts certain consistent structural differences between aeolian and subaqueous lee-side deposits. Quantitative evaluation of the model requires more accurate data on the values of the input parameters than are presently available.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.1985.tb00520.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R., 1985, A kinematic model for the structure of lee-side (dune-like) deposits: Sedimentology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 409-422, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1985.tb00520.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"422","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42ce4b0c8380cd4647a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, Ralph E.","contributorId":53759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Ralph E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013110,"text":"70013110 - 1985 - Accretion tectonics and crustal structure in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T16:55:09.329596","indexId":"70013110","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accretion tectonics and crustal structure in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The entire width of the North American Cordillera in Alaska is made up of \"suspect terranes\". Pre-Late Cretaceous paleogeography is poorly constrained and the ultimate origins of the many fragments which make up the state are unclear. The Prince William and Chugach terranes accreted since Late Cretaceous time and represent the collapse of much of the northeast Pacific Ocean swept into what today is southern Alaska. Greater Wrangellia, a composite terrane now dispersed into fragments scattered from Idaho to southern Alaska, apparently accreted into Alaska in Late Cretaceous time crushing an enormous deep-marine flysch basin on its inboard side. Most of interior eastern Alaska is the Yukon Tanana terrane, a very large entirely fault-bounded metamorphic-plutonic assemblage covering thousands of square kilometers in Canada as well as Alaska. The original stratigraphy and relationship to North America of the Yukon-Tanana terrane are both obscure. A collapsed Mesozoic flysch basin, similar to the one inboard of Wrangellia, lies along the northern margin. Much of Arctic Alaska was apparently a vast expanse of upper Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic deep marine sediments and mafic volcanic and plutonic rocks now scattered widely as large telescoped sheets and Klippen thrust over the Ruby geanticline and the Brooks Range, and probably underlying the Yukon-Koyukuk basin and the Yukon flats. The Brooks Range itself is a stack of north vergent nappes, the telescoping of which began in Early Cretaceous time. Despite compelling evidence for thousands of kilometers of relative displacement between the accreted terranes, and large amounts of telescoping, translation, and rotation since accretion, the resulting new continental crust added to North America in Alaska carries few obvious signatures that allow application of currently popular simple plate tectonic models. Intraplate telescoping and strike-slip translations, delamination at mid-crustal levels, and large-scale lithospheric wedging were important processes in northern Cordilleran tectonic evolution.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(85)90042-3","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Coney, P., and Jones, D.L., 1985, Accretion tectonics and crustal structure in Alaska: Tectonophysics, v. 119, no. 1-4, p. 265-283, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(85)90042-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"283","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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P.J.","contributorId":67065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coney","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012972,"text":"70012972 - 1985 - Structure, porosity and stress regime of the upper oceanic crust: Sonic and ultrasonic logging of DSDP Hole 504B","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-26T16:35:03.910107","indexId":"70012972","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure, porosity and stress regime of the upper oceanic crust: Sonic and ultrasonic logging of DSDP Hole 504B","docAbstract":"<p>The layered structure of the oceanic crust is characterized by changes in geophysical gradients rather than by abrupt layer boundaries. Correlation of geophysical logs and cores recovered from DSDP Hole 504B provides some insight into the physical properties which control these gradient changes. Borehole televiewer logging in Hole 504B provides a continuous image of wellbore reflectivity into the oceanic crust, revealing detailed structures not apparent otherwise, due to the low percentage of core recovery. Physical characteristics of the crustal layers 2A, 2B and 2C such as the detailed sonic velocity and lithostratigraphic structure are obtained through analysis of the sonic, borehole televiewer and electrical resistivity logs. A prediction of bulk hydrated mineral content, consistent with comparison to the recovered material, suggests a change in the nature of the alteration with depth. Data from the sonic, borehole televiewer, electrical resistivity and other porosity-sensitive logs are used to calculate the variation of porosity in the crustal layers 2A, 2B and 2C. Several of the well logs which are sensitive to the presence of fractures and open porosity in the formation indicate many zones of intense fracturing. Interpretation of these observations suggests that there may be a fundamental pattern of cooling-induced structure in the oceanic crust.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(85)90153-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Newmark, R., Anderson, R.N., Moos, D., and Zoback, M.D., 1985, Structure, porosity and stress regime of the upper oceanic crust: Sonic and ultrasonic logging of DSDP Hole 504B: Tectonophysics, v. 118, no. 1-2, p. 1-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(85)90153-2.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c6ae4b08c986b31d3f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newmark, Robin","contributorId":177284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newmark","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Roger N.","contributorId":95618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moos, Daniel","contributorId":105048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moos","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013070,"text":"70013070 - 1985 - Rock mechanics observations pertinent to the rheology of the continental lithosphere and the localization of strain along shear zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-26T16:27:23.267306","indexId":"70013070","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rock mechanics observations pertinent to the rheology of the continental lithosphere and the localization of strain along shear zones","docAbstract":"<p>Emphasized in this paper are the deformation processes and rheologies of rocks at high temperatures and high effective pressures, conditions that are presumably appropriate to the lower crust and upper mantle in continental collision zones. Much recent progress has been made in understanding the flexure of the oceanic lithosphere using rock-mechanics-based yield criteria for the inelastic deformations at the top and base. At mid-plate depths, stresses are likely to be supported elastically because bending strains and elastic stresses are low. The collisional tectonic regime, however, is far more complex because very large permanent strains are sustained at mid-plate depths and this requires us to include the broad transition between brittle and ductile flow. Moreover, important changes in the ductile flow mechanisms occur at the intermediate temperatures found at mid-plate depths. </p><p>Two specific contributions of laboratory rock rheology research are considered in this paper. First, the high-temperature steady-state flow mechanisms and rheology of mafic and ultramafic rocks are reviewed with special emphasis on olivine and crystalline rocks. Rock strength decreases very markedly with increases in temperature and it is the onset of flow by high temperature ductile mechanisms that defines the base of the lithosphere. The thickness of the continental lithosphere can therefore be defined by the depth to a particular isotherm Tc above which (at geologic strain rates) the high-temperature ductile strength falls below some arbitrary strength isobar (e.g., 100 MPa). For olivine Tc is about 700??-800??C but for other crustal silicates, Tc may be as low as 400??-600??C, suggesting that substantial decoupling may take place within thick continental crust and that strength may increase with depth at the Moho, as suggested by a number of workers on independent grounds. Put another way, the Moho is a rheological discontinuity. A second class of laboratory observations pertains to the general phenomenon of ductile faulting in which ductile strains are localized into shear zones. Ductile faults have been produced in experiments of five different rock types and is generally expressed as strain softening in constant-strain-rate tests or as an accelerating-creep-rate stage at constant differential stress. A number of physical mechanisms have been identified that may be responsible for ductile faulting, including the onset of dynamic recrystallization, phase changes, hydrothermal alteration and hydrolytic weakening. Microscopic evidence for these processes as well as larger-scale geological and geophysical observations suggest that ductile faulting in the middle to lower crust and upper mantle may greatly influence the distribution and magnitudes of differential stresses and the style of deformation in the overlying upper continental lithosphere.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(85)90030-7","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Kirby, S.H., 1985, Rock mechanics observations pertinent to the rheology of the continental lithosphere and the localization of strain along shear zones: Tectonophysics, v. 119, no. 1-4, p. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(85)90030-7.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadf5e4b0c8380cd86fdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Stephen H. 0000-0003-1636-4688 skirby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-4688","contributorId":2752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Stephen","email":"skirby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013127,"text":"70013127 - 1985 - Characterization of the Sukinda and Nausahi ultramafic complexes, Orissa, India by platinum-group element geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T16:58:31.816901","indexId":"70013127","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the Sukinda and Nausahi ultramafic complexes, Orissa, India by platinum-group element geochemistry","docAbstract":"<p>Samples of 20 chromitite, 14 ultramafic and mafic rock, and 9 laterite and soil samples from the Precambrian Sukinda and Nausahi ultramafic complexes, Orissa, India were analyzed for platinum-group elements (PGE). The maximum concentrations are: palladium, 13 parts per billion (ppb); platinum, 120 ppb; rhodium, 21 ppb; iridium, 210 ppb; and ruthenium, 630 ppb. Comparison of chondrite-normalized ratios of PGE for the chromitite samples of lower Proterozoic to Archean age with similar data from Paleozoic and Mesozoic ophiolite complexes strongly implies that these complexes represent Precambrian analogs of ophiolite complexes. This finding is consistent with the geology and petrology of the Indian complexes and suggests that plate-tectonic and ocean basin development models probably apply to some parts of Precambrian shield areas.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(85)90027-0","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Page, N., Banerji, P., and Haffty, J., 1985, Characterization of the Sukinda and Nausahi ultramafic complexes, Orissa, India by platinum-group element geochemistry: Precambrian Research, v. 30, no. 1, p. 27-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(85)90027-0.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              83.52754471413857,\n              22.12305548682913\n            ],\n            [\n              81.88931083991898,\n              20.065262564651256\n            ],\n            [\n              82.04059123664341,\n              19.146371161547737\n            ],\n            [\n              81.35498498465319,\n              17.823472864242348\n            ],\n            [\n              82.29678603831883,\n              18.004706731791362\n            ],\n            [\n              82.4902462185375,\n              18.524173889034508\n            ],\n            [\n              82.61281826200792,\n              18.23293546222423\n            ],\n            [\n              83.00351427671131,\n              18.38283014120728\n            ],\n            [\n              83.71458385612851,\n              19.106658742601425\n            ],\n            [\n              84.04408690062948,\n              18.660713858178198\n            ],\n            [\n              86.23681585387365,\n              19.73653495833262\n            ],\n            [\n              87.60141852458251,\n              21.415317765666003\n            ],\n            [\n              87.1160716955178,\n              22.12305548682913\n            ],\n            [\n              83.52754471413857,\n              22.12305548682913\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e3e4b0c8380cd4bfa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, N.J.","contributorId":38125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"N.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banerji, P.K.","contributorId":105042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banerji","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haffty, J.","contributorId":93187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haffty","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012691,"text":"70012691 - 1985 - Crystalline gold in soil and the problem of supergene nugget formation: Freezing and exclusion as genetic mechanisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T17:06:03.869571","indexId":"70012691","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystalline gold in soil and the problem of supergene nugget formation: Freezing and exclusion as genetic mechanisms","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many of the world's richest gold placer deposits now occur in cold regions despite differences in their climatic history. It therefore seems possible that there may be some fundamental connection between freezing climates and the local chemical behavior of gold in the weathering cycle. This hypothesis, along with the problematical occurrence of gold as euhedral crystals in arctic gravel and soil placers, has led me to review low temperature phenomena that may bear on the geochemistry of gold.</span></p><p><span>Several effects which may influence the weathering of natural gold-bearing rocks, the chemical complexation of gold, and its subsequent mobility and deposition appear to be strongly connected with freeze action. The exclusion of dissolved solutes, solute gases, and particles from ice, subjects rock and soil minerals to increased corrosion from thin, unfrozen, adsorbed water films which remain at particle surfaces throughout the freezing of rocks and soils. The preferential exclusion of cations (over anions) from growing ice crystals creates charge separations and measurable current flow across waterice phase boundaries in freezing soil — a phenomenon which leads to troublesome seasonal electrolytic corrosion of pipelines buried in soil; this phenomenon may also favor the dissolution of normally insoluble metals such as gold during geologic time periods. The ice-induced accumulation of clays, organic acids, bacteria, and other organic matter at mineral surfaces may also speed chemical attack by providing a nearby sink of alternate cation-binding sites and hence rapid removal of liberated cations from solution. The latter mechanism may be operative in both the dissolution and redeposition of gold.</span></p><p><span>These physical, chemical, and electrical effects are favorable to the dissolution of rocks (in addition to frost shattering) and to the dissolution, mobilization, and redeposition of gold and other noble metals and must therefore contribute significantly to the behavior of gold at low temperatures. The occurrence of large numbers of gold placer deposits in northern Canada, Alaska, and Siberia may thus be due in part to the low temperatures common to these regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(85)90085-3","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Watterson, J., 1985, Crystalline gold in soil and the problem of supergene nugget formation: Freezing and exclusion as genetic mechanisms: Precambrian Research, v. 30, no. 4, p. 321-335, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(85)90085-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"335","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222607,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcfee4b0c8380cd4e580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watterson, J.R.","contributorId":102890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watterson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013040,"text":"70013040 - 1985 - Salt-water-freshwater transient upconing - An implicit boundary-element solution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T16:18:42.936801","indexId":"70013040","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salt-water-freshwater transient upconing - An implicit boundary-element solution","docAbstract":"<p>The boundary-element method is used to solve the set of partial differential equations describing the flow of salt water and fresh water separated by a sharp interface in the vertical plane. In order to improve the accuracy and stability of the numerical solution, a new implicit scheme was developed for calculating the motion of the interface. The performance of this scheme was tested by means of numerical simulation. The numerical results are compared to experimental results for a salt-water upconing under a drain problem.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(85)90152-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Kemblowski, M., 1985, Salt-water-freshwater transient upconing - An implicit boundary-element solution: Journal of Hydrology, v. 78, no. 1-2, p. 35-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(85)90152-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220065,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab031e4b0c8380cd879a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kemblowski, M.","contributorId":54340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemblowski","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012926,"text":"70012926 - 1985 - Quantitative analysis of saltwater-freshwater relationships in groundwater systems-A historical perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T16:27:36.362116","indexId":"70012926","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative analysis of saltwater-freshwater relationships in groundwater systems-A historical perspective","docAbstract":"<p>Although much progress has been made toward the mathematical description of saltwater-freshwater relationships in groundwater systems since the late 19th century, the advective and dispersive mechanisms involved are still incompletely understood. This article documents the major historical advances in this subject and summarizes the major direction of current studies. </p><p>From the time of Badon Ghyben and Herzberg, it has been recognized that density is important in mathematically describing saltwater-freshwater systems. Other mechanisms, such as hydrodynamic dispersion, were identified later and are still not fully understood. Quantitative analysis of a saltwater-freshwater system attempts to mathematically describe the physical system and the important mechanisms using reasonable simplifications and assumptions. This paper, in developing the history of quantitative analysis discusses many of these simplifications and assumptions and their effect on describing and understanding the phenomenon.&nbsp;</p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(85)90078-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., and Goodman, A., 1985, Quantitative analysis of saltwater-freshwater relationships in groundwater systems-A historical perspective: Journal of Hydrology, v. 80, no. 1-2, p. 125-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(85)90078-2.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"160","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91fde4b0c8380cd805b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodman, A.S.","contributorId":37901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012677,"text":"70012677 - 1985 - Evaluating the hydraulic effects of changes in aquifer elevation using curvilinear coordinates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T16:43:24.796604","indexId":"70012677","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the hydraulic effects of changes in aquifer elevation using curvilinear coordinates","docAbstract":"<p>The groundwater flow equation is written in curvilinear coordinates whose coordinate surfaces coincide with the top and bottom surfaces of folded layers of aquifers. The coordinates are general enough for these surfaces to coincide for almost all groundwater systems. The terms of the finite-difference approximation for the flow equation can be separated into two groups. One group corresponds to a similar system of horizontal aquifers and the other group corresponds to the folding. The latter group is zero if the vertical gradients of hydraulic head and hydraulic conductivity are zero. Furthermore, it is noted that vertical gradients in head must be modelled for the effects of folding to result. When these vertical gradients and dips are not too large, the effects of folding can be calculated using a perturbation method wherein the flow in folded aquifers is considered to be a perturbation of the flow in similar horizontal aquifers. With the method presented, three-dimensional finite-difference models can be modified to simulate folded aquifer systems. Perturbation solutions are obtained for a class of folded three-aquifer systems. For these systems, with vertical head gradients as great as 0.23, with aquifer hydraulic conductivities differing by two orders of magnitude, and with dips as great as 30??, only small hydraulic changes due to folding were simulated.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(85)90034-4","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Weiss, E., 1985, Evaluating the hydraulic effects of changes in aquifer elevation using curvilinear coordinates: Journal of Hydrology, v. 81, no. 3-4, p. 253-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(85)90034-4.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"275","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bfae4b0c8380cd52995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, E.","contributorId":31117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013281,"text":"70013281 - 1985 - Hydraulic gradient control for groundwater contaminant removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T16:14:33.539197","indexId":"70013281","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic gradient control for groundwater contaminant removal","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Rocky Mountain Arsenal near Denver, Colorado, U.S.A., is used as a realistic setting for a hypothetical test of a procedure that plans the hydraulic stabilization and removal of a groundwater contaminant plume. A two-stage planning procedure successfully selects the best wells and their optimal pumping/recharge schedules to contain the plume while a well or system of wells within the plume removes the contaminated water. In stage I, a combined groundwater flow and solute transport model is used to simulate contaminant removal under an assumed velocity field. The result is the approximated plume boundary location as a function of time. In stage II, a linear program, which includes a groundwater flow model as part of the set of constraints, determines the optimal well selection and their optimal pumping/recharge schedules by minimizing total pumping and recharge. The simulation—management model eliminates wells far from the plume perimeter and activates wells near the perimeter as the plume decreases in size. This successfully stablizes the hydraulic gradient during aquifer cleanup.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(85)90091-5","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Fisher, A.D., and Gorelick, S., 1985, Hydraulic gradient control for groundwater contaminant removal: Journal of Hydrology, v. 76, no. 1-2, p. 85-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(85)90091-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"106","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.90901282368573,\n              39.87016129063471\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.90901282368573,\n              39.7977960358524\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.78973447071296,\n              39.7977960358524\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.78973447071296,\n              39.87016129063471\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.90901282368573,\n              39.87016129063471\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32efe4b0c8380cd5ebb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Atwood D.","contributorId":27605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Atwood","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, S.M.","contributorId":21589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012690,"text":"70012690 - 1985 - Experimental studies in natural groundwater-recharge dynamics: The analysis of observed recharge events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T16:37:34.408635","indexId":"70012690","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental studies in natural groundwater-recharge dynamics: The analysis of observed recharge events","docAbstract":"<p>The amounts and time distribution of groundwater recharge from precipitation over an approximately 19-month period were investigated at two instrumented sites in south-central Kansas. Precipitation and evapotranspiration sequences, soil-moisture profiles and storage changes, water fluxes in the unsaturated zone and hydraulic gradients in the saturated zone at various depths, soil temperatures, water-table hydrographs, and water-level changes in nearby wells clearly depict the recharge process. </p><p>Antecedent moisture conditions and the thickness and nature of the unsaturated zone were found to be the major factors affecting recharge. Although the two instrumented sites are located in sand-dune environments in areas characterized by shallow water table and subhumid continental climate, a significant difference was observed in the estimated effective recharge. The estimates ranged from less than 2.5 to approximately 154 mm at the two sites from February to June 1983. The main reasons for this large difference in recharge estimates were the greater thickness of the unsaturated zone and the lower moisture content in that zone resulting from lower precipitation and higher potential evapotranspiration for one of the sites. Effective recharge took place only during late winter and spring. No summer or fall recharge was observed at either site during the observation period of this study.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(85)90036-8","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., and Perry, C.A., 1985, Experimental studies in natural groundwater-recharge dynamics: The analysis of observed recharge events: Journal of Hydrology, v. 81, no. 3-4, p. 297-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(85)90036-8.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"332","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222550,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"south-central Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.41785362175386,\n              38.35170885346173\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.41785362175386,\n              36.99849330996328\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.93625239807136,\n              36.99849330996328\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.93625239807136,\n              38.35170885346173\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.41785362175386,\n              38.35170885346173\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ddfe4b0c8380cd53229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, C. A.","contributorId":106149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012687,"text":"70012687 - 1985 - Quaternary sedimentation of the Alaskan Beaufort shelf: Influence of regional tectonics, fluctuating sea levels, and glacial sediment sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-26T16:42:35.227148","indexId":"70012687","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary sedimentation of the Alaskan Beaufort shelf: Influence of regional tectonics, fluctuating sea levels, and glacial sediment sources","docAbstract":"<p>The offshore stratigraphy of the Quaternary Gubik Formation of Arctic Alaska has been studied on high-resolution seismic profiles with a maximum sub-seafloor penetration of about 100 m. In general, marine transgressive subunits of the Gubik Formation are wedge-shaped on the shelf, thickening slightly seaward to the shelf break, beyond which they are offset by landslides and slumps. Beneath the eastern third of the Alaskan Beaufort shelf, active folding has created two persistent structural depressions, the Eastern and Western Wedge Terranes, in which the wedge morphology is especially well developed. The youngest transgressive marine wedge, which was deposited in such a way as to fill these depressions, leaving a generally flat present-day shelf surface, is inferred to be late Wisconsin or younger in age because it overlies a prominent disconformity interpreted to have been formed during the late Wisconsin glacial sea-level minimum. The thickness of this youngest wedge, Unit A, locally exceeds 40 m on the outer shelf, yet apparently relict gravel deposits collected from its seabed surface indicate that the depositional rate is presently quite low on the middle and outer shelf. Lithologies of the gravels are exotic to Alaska, but similar to suites exposed in the Canadian Arctic Islands. These observations suggest a depositional scenario in which the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet shed sediment-laden icebergs from the Canadian Arctic Islands into the Arctic Ocean following the late Wisconsin glacial maximum. These bergs were then rafted westward by the Beaufort Gyre and grounded on the Alaskan shelf by northeasterly prevailing winds. Especially large numbers of bergs accumulated in the wedge terrane embayments-created as sea level rose-and melted there, filling the embayments with their sedimentary cargo. As glacial retreat slowed, depositional rates on the shelf dwindled. </p><p>This mode of deposition in the Alaskan Beaufort wedge terranes may be typical of early post-glacial transgressive phases throughout Quaternary time. It has resulted in the preservation of disconformities that apparently formed during glacioeustatic lowstands, and whose seaward termination depths, appropriately corrected, may yield estimates of lowstand magnitudes. Knowledge of global sea-level fluctuations back through the Sangamon Interglacial (oxygen isotope stage 5e) and possible correlations with dated onshore deposits have facilitated a tentative correlation of major disconformities in the Beaufort Sea record with major 18O enrichment maxima in the oxygen isotope curve back through stage 8. In this tentative scheme, close similarities between the two data sets occur both in magnitudes and in numbers of fluctuations intervening between major correlation points. Further testing of the Quaternary depositional model suggested here and of the resulting sea level curve awaits the collection and dating of core samples from the Beaufort wedge terranes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(85)90010-1","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Dinter, D.A., 1985, Quaternary sedimentation of the Alaskan Beaufort shelf: Influence of regional tectonics, fluctuating sea levels, and glacial sediment sources: Tectonophysics, v. 114, no. 1-4, p. 133-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(85)90010-1.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"161","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.46539412646445,\n              71.61325942564287\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.46539412646445,\n              69.23521971003117\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.92461926584397,\n              69.23521971003117\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.92461926584397,\n              71.61325942564287\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.46539412646445,\n              71.61325942564287\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92d8e4b0c8380cd80aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinter, David A.","contributorId":104010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinter","given":"David","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009929,"text":"70009929 - 1985 - A rapid method for determining tin and molybdenum in geological samples by flame atomic-absorption spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T17:01:53.357562","indexId":"70009929","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rapid method for determining tin and molybdenum in geological samples by flame atomic-absorption spectroscopy","docAbstract":"<p>The proposed method uses a lithium metaborate fusion, dissolution of the fusion bead in 15% <sub>vv</sub> hydrochloric acid, extraction into a 4% solution of trioctylphosphine oxide in methyl isobutyl ketone, and aspiration into a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. The limits of detection for tin and molybdenum are 1.0 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. Approximately 50 samples can be analysed per day.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0039-9140(85)80220-4","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Welsch, E.P., 1985, A rapid method for determining tin and molybdenum in geological samples by flame atomic-absorption spectroscopy: Talanta, v. 32, no. 10, p. 996-998, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(85)80220-4.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"996","endPage":"998","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e52ce4b0c8380cd46ba9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsch, Eric P.","contributorId":13981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsch","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012807,"text":"70012807 - 1985 - Determination of gold, indium, tellurium and thallium in the same sample digest of geological materials by atomic-absorption spectroscopy and two-step solvent extraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T15:32:23.758283","indexId":"70012807","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of gold, indium, tellurium and thallium in the same sample digest of geological materials by atomic-absorption spectroscopy and two-step solvent extraction","docAbstract":"<p><span>A rock, soil, or stream-sediment sample is decomposed with hydrofluoric acid,&nbsp;</span><i>aqua regia</i><span>, and hydrobromic acid-bromine solution. Gold, thallium, indium and tellurium are separated and concentrated from the sample digest by a two-step MIBK extraction at two concentrations of hydrobromic add. Gold and thallium are first extracted from 0.1</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;hydrobromic acid medium, then indium and tellurium are extracted from 3</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;hydrobromic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid to eliminate iron interference. The elements are then determined by flame atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The two-step solvent extraction can also be used in conjunction with electrothermal atomic-absorption methods to lower the detection limits for all four metals in geological materials.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0039-9140(85)80145-4","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Hubert, A., and Chao, T.T., 1985, Determination of gold, indium, tellurium and thallium in the same sample digest of geological materials by atomic-absorption spectroscopy and two-step solvent extraction: Talanta, v. 32, no. 7, p. 568-570, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(85)80145-4.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"568","endPage":"570","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa9e4b0c8380cd4f2fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubert, A.E.","contributorId":107677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":14953,"text":"ofr85412 - 1985 - Post-Eruption Changes in Channel Geometry of Streams in the Toutle River Drainage Basin, 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr85412","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-412","title":"Post-Eruption Changes in Channel Geometry of Streams in the Toutle River Drainage Basin, 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"The May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, generated a debris avalanche, lateral blast, lahars, and tephra deposits that altered mainstem and tributary channels within the Toutle River drainage basin. Channel cross sections were monumented and surveyed on North Fork Toutle River and its tributaries, on South Fork Toutle River, on Green River, and on Toutle River in 1980 and 1981. These streams drain the north and west flanks of the volcano. The network of channel cross sections was surveyed more frequently following periods of higher flow. The repetitive cross-section surveys provide measurements of bank erosion or accretion and of channel erosion or aggradation. These data can be used to determine erosion rates, and to identify sources and storage sites of sediment in sediment budget computations. This report presents channel cross-section profiles constructed from the survey data collected during water years 1980 through 1982.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr85412","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.F., Nolan, K.M., and Dodge, J., 1985, Post-Eruption Changes in Channel Geometry of Streams in the Toutle River Drainage Basin, 1980-82, Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-412, vi, 128 p. **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85412.","productDescription":"vi, 128 p. **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1982-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":145949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0412/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43768,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0412/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,46 ], [ -123,46.5 ], [ -122,46.5 ], [ -122,46 ], [ -123,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683ae6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolan, K. Michael","contributorId":71943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dodge, J.E.","contributorId":21133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189805,"text":"wdrMI841 - 1985 - Water resources data, Michigan, water year 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-10T14:46:52","indexId":"wdrMI841","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MI-84-1","title":"Water resources data, Michigan, water year 1984","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1984 water year for Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water temperature of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 142 gaging stations; stage only records for 2 gaging stations; stage and contents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 27 continuous-record stations; and water levels for 53 observation wells. Also included are 56 crest-stage partial-record stations and 22 low-flow partial-record stations.A Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Michigan.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMI841","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Michigan and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.B., Oberg, J.L., and Sieger, T., 1985, Water resources data, Michigan, water year 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MI-84-1, ix, 276, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMI841.","productDescription":"ix, 276","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1983-10-01","temporalEnd":"1984-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science 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,{"id":12119,"text":"ofr85479 - 1985 - Hydrology of area 58, northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal provinces, Colorado and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr85479","displayToPublicDate":"1996-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-479","title":"Hydrology of area 58, northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal provinces, Colorado and Utah","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85479","usgsCitation":"Chaney, T., Brooks, T., and Kuhn, G., 1985, Hydrology of area 58, northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal provinces, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-479, vi, 235 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85479.","productDescription":"vi, 235 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95063,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0479/report.pdf","size":"42716","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0479/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601fba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaney, T.H.","contributorId":82314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaney","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, T.D.","contributorId":47373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":48918,"text":"ofr85290A - 1985 - Proceedings of workshop XXVIII on the Borah Peak, Idaho earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T10:50:12","indexId":"ofr85290A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T08:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-290","chapter":"A","title":"Proceedings of workshop XXVIII on the Borah Peak, Idaho earthquake","docAbstract":"<p>A large earthquake leaves clues of its nature that can be interpreted only by a diverse group of scientists. We cannot hope to form a coherent picture of the Borah Peak shock, a rare Great Basin event, without listening to each other and reflecting on the historical and geological record of its antecedents. At a workshop held less than a year after the Borah Peak mainshock we shared our observations, exchanged ideas, and revisited the spectacular landforms at the earthquake site. In the forty reports of this volume we present our findings, a wealth of preliminary, but interdisciplinary research.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of workshop  XXVIII on the Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake, Volume A, convened under auspices of National Earthquake Prediction and Hazard Program","conferenceDate":"October 3-6, 1984","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr85290A","usgsCitation":"1985, Proceedings of workshop XXVIII on the Borah Peak, Idaho earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-290, xi, 685 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85290A.","productDescription":"xi, 685 p.","numberOfPages":"704","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/OFR85290A.jpg"},{"id":287510,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0290-A/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Borah Peak","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.844337,44.105099 ], [ -113.844337,44.169162 ], [ -113.716277,44.169162 ], [ -113.716277,44.105099 ], [ -113.844337,44.105099 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6607c2","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Jacobson, Muriel L.","contributorId":79094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Muriel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572468,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"editors":[{"text":"Stein, Ross S.","contributorId":147729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572473,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bucknam, Robert C.","contributorId":104490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572474,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":60338,"text":"mf1246G - 1985 - Maps showing distribution of lead in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T19:01:20.256061","indexId":"mf1246G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1246","chapter":"G","title":"Maps showing distribution of lead in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>These maps are part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2 ° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Conterminuous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other publications in this folio are listed in the selected references.</p><p>Located in west-central Utah, the Richfield quadrangle covers the eastern part of the Plioche-Marysvale igneous and mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Plioche in southeastern Nevada east-northeastward for 250 km (155 mi) into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is in the Basin and Range province and the eastern third is in the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.</p><p><br></p><p>Bedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of latest Precambrian and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related intrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrane into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were deeply eroded and the resulting debris deposited in the adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed during igneous activity in middle and late Cenozoic time.</p><p>The regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends which can be utilized along with geologic and geophysical data to assess the mineral resource potential for this quadrangle. These maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle show the regional distributions of copper in two fractions of heavy-mineral concentrates of drainage sediments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf1246G","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Motooka, J.M., and McHugh, J., 1985, Maps showing distribution of lead in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1246, 1 Plate: 36.38 x 27.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1246G.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.38 x 27.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1246g.jpg"},{"id":283655,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1246-G/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":390898,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6851.htm"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, Jerry M.","contributorId":36611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":60337,"text":"mf1246F - 1985 - Maps showing distribution of copper in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T18:59:37.497209","indexId":"mf1246F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1246","chapter":"F","title":"Maps showing distribution of copper in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>These maps are part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2 ° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Conterminuous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other publications in this folio are listed in the selected references.</p><p>Located in west-central Utah, the Richfield quadrangle covers the eastern part of the Plioche-Marysvale igneous and mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Plioche in southeastern Nevada east-northeastward for 250 km (155 mi) into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is in the Basin and Range province and the eastern third is in the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.</p><p><br></p><p>Bedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of latest Precambrian and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related intrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrane into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were deeply eroded and the resulting debris deposited in the adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed during igneous activity in middle and late Cenozoic time.</p><p><br></p><p>The regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends which can be utilized along with geologic and geophysical data to assess the mineral resource potential for this quadrangle. These maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle show the regional distributions of copper in two fractions of heavy-mineral concentrates of drainage sediments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf1246F","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Motooka, J.M., and McHugh, J., 1985, Maps showing distribution of copper in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1246, 1 Plate: 36.31 x 27.27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1246F.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.31 x 27.27 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1246f.PNG"},{"id":390897,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6850.htm"},{"id":283654,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1246-F/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605711","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, Jerry M.","contributorId":36611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":60340,"text":"mf1246I - 1985 - Maps showing distribution of tin in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T19:06:12.463908","indexId":"mf1246I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1246","chapter":"I","title":"Maps showing distribution of tin in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>These maps are part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2 ° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Conterminuous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other publications in this folio are listed in the selected references.</p><p>Located in west-central Utah, the Richfield quadrangle covers the eastern part of the Plioche-Marysvale igneous and mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Plioche in southeastern Nevada east-northeastward for 250 km (155 mi) into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is in the Basin and Range province and the eastern third is in the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.</p><p><br></p><p>Bedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of latest Precambrian and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related intrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrane into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were deeply eroded and the resulting debris deposited in the adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed during igneous activity in middle and late Cenozoic time.</p><p>The regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends which can be utilized along with geologic and geophysical data to assess the mineral resource potential for this quadrangle. These maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle show the regional distributions of copper in two fractions of heavy-mineral concentrates of drainage sediments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf1246I","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Motooka, J.M., and McHugh, J., 1985, Maps showing distribution of tin in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1246, 1 Plate: 36.15 x 27.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1246I.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.15 x 27.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1246i.jpg"},{"id":390901,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6853.htm"},{"id":283657,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1246-I/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6057ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, Jerry M.","contributorId":36611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":60339,"text":"mf1246H - 1985 - Maps showing distribution of thorium in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T19:04:27.687858","indexId":"mf1246H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1246","chapter":"H","title":"Maps showing distribution of thorium in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>These maps are part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2 ° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Conterminuous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other publications in this folio are listed in the selected references.</p><p><br></p><p>Located in west-central Utah, the Richfield quadrangle covers the eastern part of the Plioche-Marysvale igneous and mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Plioche in southeastern Nevada east-northeastward for 250 km (155 mi) into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is in the Basin and Range province and the eastern third is in the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.</p><p>Bedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of latest Precambrian and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related intrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrane into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were deeply eroded and the resulting debris deposited in the adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed during igneous activity in middle and late Cenozoic time.</p><p>The regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends which can be utilized along with geologic and geophysical data to assess the mineral resource potential for this quadrangle. These maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle show the regional distributions of copper in two fractions of heavy-mineral concentrates of drainage sediments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/mf1246H","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Motooka, J.M., and McHugh, J., 1985, Maps showing distribution of thorium in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1246, 1 Plate: 36.21 x 27.70 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1246H.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 36.21 x 27.70 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390900,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6852.htm"},{"id":283656,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1246-H/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":179801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1246h.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6057b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, Jerry M.","contributorId":36611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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