{"pageNumber":"4478","pageRowStart":"111925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184769,"records":[{"id":70016229,"text":"70016229 - 1990 - Variations in fault slip and strain accumulation at Parkfield, California: Initial results using two-color geodimeter measurements 1984-1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:23:28.635268","indexId":"70016229","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in fault slip and strain accumulation at Parkfield, California: Initial results using two-color geodimeter measurements 1984-1988","docAbstract":"<p><span>Repeated length measurements of several geodetic baselines near Parkfield, California, have revealed significant variations in the local rates of shallow fault slip and strain. This network of baselines, surveyed several times each week, straddles the San Andreas fault in the transition zone between the creeping section to the northwest and the locked section to the southeast. The length measurements, characterized by a precision approaching 0.1 ppm, reveal large fluctuations in the rates of baseline extension. Principal mode analysis of the length change data indicates that the two largest components of the signal are (1) secular extensions and contractions consistent with surface slip on the main strand of the San Andreas fault, and (2) a large seasonal oscillation with no obvious spatial coherence. On most of these baselines, the second component appears to be in phase with seasonal rainfall. When data from the baselines with the largest amplitude of the seasonal signal are excluded, the remaining data can be modeled in terms of both spatial and temporal variations in surface slip, variations in the components of the changes in uniform strain, and the possible displacement of the central monument in this radial network. In parameterizing this model, the spatial variation of slip beneath the near surface is reflected by changes in shear strain. Although the computed secular shear is highly dependent upon the specified parameterization of surface slip, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that slip at intermediate depths lags behind the surface slip rate. However, the range in models that fit the data does not necessarily imply that there is a deficit in slip at depth relative to the surface. Comparison of the inferred values of surface slip from the model with the observed fault slip measured by very short baseline creep meters indicates close agreement in secular rates, but the short-term variations observed with the creep meters are either highly attenuated or nonexistent in the modeled slip since the modeled slip is a spatial average which smooths out possible short-wavelength variations in the surface slip for which the creep instruments are most sensitive. An interesting conclusion from the two-color data is that surface slip on the San Andreas fault appears to be spread over a 2-km-wide zone on the south flank of Middle Mountain but is confined to a very narrow zone to the south as the fault passes through the center of the network. This conclusion is dependent upon the assumption that a few critical monuments are stable and track tectonic displacements in the long term. Finally, the largest observed strain change is an extensional strain coincident with the Kettleman Hills earthquake&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>5.5 in August 1985.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB03p02533","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J.O., Burford, R.O., and Slater, L., 1990, Variations in fault slip and strain accumulation at Parkfield, California: Initial results using two-color geodimeter measurements 1984-1988: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B3, p. 2533-2552, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB03p02533.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2533","endPage":"2552","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc17de4b08c986b32a5d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, J. O.","contributorId":39404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slater, L.E.","contributorId":35063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016068,"text":"70016068 - 1990 - Rheological analysis of fine-grained natural debris-flow material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016068","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Rheological analysis of fine-grained natural debris-flow material","docAbstract":"Experiments were conducted on large samples of fine-grained material (???2mm) from a natural debris flow using a wide-gap concentric-cylinder viscometer. The rheological behavior of this material is compatible with a Bingham model at shear rates in excess of 5 sec. At lesser shear rates, rheological behavior of the material deviates from the Bingham model, and when sand concentration of the slurry exceeds 20 percent by volume, particle interaction between sand grains dominates the mechanical behavior. Yield strength and plastic viscosity are extremely sensitive to sediment concentration.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands and 1990 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"30 July 1990 through 2 August 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627713","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., and Pierson, T.C., 1990, Rheological analysis of fine-grained natural debris-flow material, <i>in</i> Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands, San Diego, CA, USA, 30 July 1990 through 2 August 1990, p. 225-231.","startPage":"225","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad3ae4b0c8380cd86e6e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"French Richard H.","contributorId":128450,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"French Richard H.","id":536320,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016005,"text":"70016005 - 1990 - Petrology of the Rainy Lake area, Minnesota, USA-implications for petrotectonic setting of the archean southern Wabigoon subprovince of the Canadian Shield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016005","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology of the Rainy Lake area, Minnesota, USA-implications for petrotectonic setting of the archean southern Wabigoon subprovince of the Canadian Shield","docAbstract":"The Rainy Lake area in northern Minnesota and southwestern, Ontario is a Late Archean (2.7 Ga) granite-greenstone belt within the Wabigoon subprovince of the Canadian Shield. In Minnesota the rocks include mafic and felsic volcanic rocks, volcaniclastic, chemical sedimentary rocks, and graywacke that are intrucded by coeval gabbro, tonalite, and granodiorite. New data presented here focus on the geochemistry and petrology of the Minnesota part of the Rainy Lake area. Igneous rocks in the area are bimodal. The mafic rocks are made up of three distinct suites: (1) low-TiO2 tholeiite and gabbro that have slightly evolved Mg-numbers (63-49) and relatively flat rare-earth element (REE) patterns that range from 20-8 x chondrites (Ce/YbN=0.8-1.5); (2) high-TiO2 tholeiite with evolved Mg-numbers (46-29) and high total REE abundances that range from 70-40 x chondrites (Ce/YbN=1.8-3.3), and (3) calc-alkaline basaltic andesite and geochemically similar monzodiorite and lamprophyre with primitive Mg-numbers (79-63), enriched light rare-earth elements (LREE) and depleted heavy rare-earth elements (HREE). These three suites are not related by partial melting of a similar source or by fractional crystallization of a common parental magma; they resulted from melting of heterogeneous Archean mantle. The felsic rocks are made up of two distinct suites: (1)low-Al2O3 tholeiitic rhyolite, and (2) high-Al2O3 calc-alkaline dacite and rhyolite and consanguineous tonalite. The tholeiitic felsic rocks are high in Y, Zr, Nb, and total REE that are unfractionated and have pronounced negative Eu anomalies. The calcalkaline felsic rocks are depleted in Y, Zr, and Nb, and the REE that are highly fractionated with high LREE and depleted HREE, and display moderate negative Eu anomalies. Both suites of felsic rocks were generated by partial melting of crustal material. The most reasonable modern analog for the paleotectonic setting is an immature island arc. The bimodal volcanic rocks are intercalated with sedimentary rocks and have been intruded by pre- and syntectonic granitoid rocks. However, the geochemistry of the mafic rocks does not correlate fully with that of mafic rocks in modern are evvironments. The low-TiO2 tholeiite is similar to both N-type mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB) and low-K tholeiite from immature marginal basins. The calc-alkaline basaltic andesite is like that of low-K calc-alkaline mafic volcanic rocks from oceanic volcanic arcs; however, the high-TiO2 tholeiite is most similar to modern E-type MORB, which occurs in oceanic rifts. The conundrum may be explained by: (1) rifting of a pre-existing immature arc system to produce the bimodal volcanic rocks and high-TiO2 tholeiite; (2) variable enrichment of a previously depleted Archean mantle, to produce both the low- and high-TiO2 tholeiite and the calc-alkaline basaltic andesite, and/or (3) enrichment of the parental rocks of the high-TiO2 tholeiite by crustal contamination. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00306541","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Day, W.C., 1990, Petrology of the Rainy Lake area, Minnesota, USA-implications for petrotectonic setting of the archean southern Wabigoon subprovince of the Canadian Shield: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 105, no. 3, p. 303-321, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00306541.","startPage":"303","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306541"},{"id":223242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7850e4b0c8380cd78685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, W. C.","contributorId":6876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016075,"text":"70016075 - 1990 - Phase relations in the system CuMoS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:39:22","indexId":"70016075","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2558,"text":"Journal of the Less-Common Metals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phase relations in the system CuMoS","docAbstract":"Phase relations in the system CuMoS were studied in the temperature range 500-1000 ??C by using the conventional sealed, evacuated glass capsule technique. Reflected-light microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and electron microprobe analysis were used for phase characterization. The chevrel-type phase, CuxMo3S4, is stable above 600??C, and forms equilibrium assemblages with the cubic Cu2S solid solution, copper, molybdenum, Mo2S3 and MoS2. Its solid solution ranges from Cu1.50-2.00Mo3S4 at 700??C to Cu1.22-2.00Mo3S4 at 1000 ??C. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Less-Common Metals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-5088(90)90594-A","issn":"00225088","usgsCitation":"Dawei, H., Chang, L., and Knowles, C., 1990, Phase relations in the system CuMoS: Journal of the Less-Common Metals, v. 163, no. 2, p. 281-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(90)90594-A.","startPage":"281","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269374,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(90)90594-A"}],"volume":"163","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a787de4b0c8380cd786ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawei, H.","contributorId":75691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawei","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, L.L.Y.","contributorId":101389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"L.L.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knowles, C.R.","contributorId":103416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016054,"text":"70016054 - 1990 - An operational earth mapping and monitoring satellite system: a proposal for Landsat 7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016054","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An operational earth mapping and monitoring satellite system: a proposal for Landsat 7","docAbstract":"The system proposed will monitor the Earth in a systematic and multispectral mode with a resolution of 10 m or better. In addition, it will acquire stereoscopic coverage in a form that permits the automated compilation of topographic data and digital elevation models. Image maps of 1:50 000 or even 1:24 000 scale are expected products, and the topographic data can support contours of 20-m intervals. The system builds on the successful Landsat and SPOT modes of remote sensing. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A., 1990, An operational earth mapping and monitoring satellite system: a proposal for Landsat 7: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 56, no. 5, p. 569-571.","startPage":"569","endPage":"571","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaa3e4b0c8380cd489b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, A. P.","contributorId":82703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016085,"text":"70016085 - 1990 - Phytoplankton productivity and biomass in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T11:56:16","indexId":"70016085","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoplankton productivity and biomass in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system, Florida","docAbstract":"Phytoplankton carbon-14 productivity at a depth of 50 percent of surface light and chlorophyll-a concentrations were measured every other month from November 1985 through September 1986 at 12 stations in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system. Maximum productivity and chlorophyll-a concentrations occurred during summer or early autumn near the months of tidal rivers. Most of the variability in light-normalized productivity and chlorophyll-a could be attributed to two factors derived from Principal Component Analysis of ambient water-quality characteristics. One factor related to seasonal variability and the other to spatial variability. The seasonal factor incorporated the interaction of temperature and nutrients. The spatial factor incorporated the interaction of salinity, nutrients, and water color that resulted from the mixing of freshwater inflow and seawater. Although freshwater inflow increased the availability of nutrients in low salinity (less than 10 %) waters, the highly colored freshwater restricted light penetration and phytoplankton productivity. Maximum productivity and biomass occurred where color associated with the freshwater inflow had been diluted by seawater so that light and nutrients were both available. Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen were often at or below detection limit throughout most of the high salinity (greater than 20 %) waters of the estuary and was probably the most critical nutrient in limiting phytoplankton productivity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01413.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"McPherson, B.F., Montgomery, R.T., and Emmons, E.E., 1990, Phytoplankton productivity and biomass in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system, Florida: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 26, no. 5, p. 787-800, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01413.x.","startPage":"787","endPage":"800","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267710,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01413.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b3be4b0c8380cd79318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPherson, Benjamin F.","contributorId":17965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montgomery, Ralph T.","contributorId":72132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emmons, Edward E.","contributorId":60383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmons","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016280,"text":"70016280 - 1990 - The Stillwater Complex and its anorthosites: an accident of magmatic underplating?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016280","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Stillwater Complex and its anorthosites: an accident of magmatic underplating?","docAbstract":"The Stillwater Complex, emplaced 2700??40 Ma, is exposed at the edge of a 4000-km2 block of Late Archean rocks that formed 40 to 110 m.y. yearlier. Voluminous plagioclase cumulates (anorthosites) within the Middle Banded series of the complex are difficult to explain either by in situ fractionation of mafic magma or by popular models for mixing of two magma types. Current models for the evolution of the lowermost continental crust by magmatic underplating suggest that a major crust-forming event of about 100 m.y. duration would satisfy geologic and geochemical constraints for the formation of the Stillwater Complex and the related granitoids. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Czamanske, G., and Bohlen, S., 1990, The Stillwater Complex and its anorthosites: an accident of magmatic underplating?: American Mineralogist, v. 75, no. 1-2, p. 37-45.","startPage":"37","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba910e4b08c986b322022","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czamanske, G.K.","contributorId":26300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czamanske","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlen, S.R.","contributorId":105436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25626,"text":"wri884094 - 1990 - Map of mean annual runoff for the Northeastern, Southeastern, and Mid-Atlantic United States, water years 1951-80","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T20:46:11.718949","indexId":"wri884094","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4094","title":"Map of mean annual runoff for the Northeastern, Southeastern, and Mid-Atlantic United States, water years 1951-80","docAbstract":"<p>A map of mean annual runoff for States within the Northeastern, Southeastern, and Mid-Atlantic United States was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey for the Direct/Delayed Response Project being conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This map shows mean annual runoff during water years 1951-80.</p>\n<p>Mean annual runoff from the northeastern region during 1951-80 ranged from less than 12 to greater than 40 inches. Runoff from the southeastern region runoff ranged from less than 12 to greater than 55 inches. In the mid-Atlantic region ranged from less than 10 to greater than 40 inches.</p>\n<p>Error analysis using 93 gaging stations not used for preparing the runoff map showed that the runoff map could be used to predict runoff with an average error of less than 10%. Errors in runoff estimation averaged about 12% if the locations of the gaging stations were used to estimate runoff instead of computing an area-weighted average over the basin. If the locations of the gaging stations were used to estimate runoff, there also was a significant negative bias of the errors that did not occur if the centroid or a weighted average runoff of the drainage basin were used.</p>\n<p>The runoff map is expected to be more accurate in areas that have a relatively high concentration of gaging stations and little topographic variability, such as part of the Northeast. Based on these criteria, the least reliably mapped areas would be in the Smokey Mountains along the North Carolina- Tennessee border.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Krug, W.R., Gebert, W.A., Graczyk, D., Stevens, D.L., Rochelle, B.P., and Church, M.R., 1990, Map of mean annual runoff for the Northeastern, Southeastern, and Mid-Atlantic United States, water years 1951-80: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4094, Report: iv, 11 p.; 1 Plate: 21.76 x 37.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884094.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 11 p.; 1 Plate: 21.76 x 37.40 inches","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414923,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47012.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4094/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54372,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54371,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4094/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"3168000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.6667,\n              47.4544\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6667,\n              25\n            ],\n            [\n              -67,\n              25\n            ],\n            [\n              -67,\n              47.4544\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.6667,\n              47.4544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a92e4b07f02db657b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krug, William R.","contributorId":53381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gebert, Warren A. wagebert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gebert","given":"Warren","email":"wagebert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graczyk, David J.","contributorId":107265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stevens, Donald L. Jr.","contributorId":105764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rochelle, Barry P.","contributorId":103316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochelle","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Church, M. Robbins","contributorId":57497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robbins","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70016221,"text":"70016221 - 1990 - Perturbation and melting of snow and ice by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, and consequent mobilization, flow and deposition of lahars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70016221","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perturbation and melting of snow and ice by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, and consequent mobilization, flow and deposition of lahars","docAbstract":"A complex sequence of pyroclastic flows and surges erupted by Nevado del Ruiz volcano on 13 November 1985 interacted with snow and ice on the summit ice cap to trigger catastrophic lahars (volcanic debris flows), which killed more than 23,000 people living at or beyond the base of the volcano. The rapid transfer of heat from the hot eruptive products to about 10 km2 of the snowpack, combined with seismic shaking, produced large volumes of meltwater that flowed downslope, liquefied some of the new volcanic deposits, and generated avalanches of saturated snow, ice and rock debris within minutes of the 21:08 (local time) eruption. About 2 ?? 107 m3 of water was discharged into the upper reaches of the Molinos, Nereidas, Guali, Azufrado and Lagunillas valleys, where rapid entrainment of valley-fill sediment transformed the dilute flows and avalanches to debris flows. Computed mean velocities of the lahars at peak flow ranged up to 17 m s-1. Flows were rapid in the steep, narrow upper canyons and slowed with distance away from the volcano as flow depth and channel slope diminished. Computed peak discharges ranged up to 48,000 m3 s-1 and were greatest in reaches 10 to 20 km downstream from the summit. A total of about 9 ?? 107 m3 of lahar slurry was transported to depositional areas up to 104 km from the source area. Initial volumes of individual lahars increased up to 4 times with distance away from the summit. The sedimentology and stratigraphy of the lahar deposits provide compelling evidence that: (1) multiple initial meltwater pulses tended to coalesce into single flood waves; (2) lahars remained fully developed debris flows until they reached confluences with major rivers; and (3) debris-flow slurry composition and rheology varied to produce gradationally density-stratified flows. Key lessons and reminders from the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz volcanic eruption are: (1) catastrophic lahars can be generated on ice- and snow-capped volcanoes by relatively small eruptions; (2) the surface area of snow on an ice cap can be more critical than total ice volume when considering lahar potential; (3) placement of hot rock debris on snow is insufficient to generate lahars; the two materials must be mechanically mixed together for sufficiently rapid head transfer; (4) lahars can increase their volumes significantly by entrainment of water and eroded sediment; and (5) valley-confined lahars can maintain relatively high velocities and can have catastrophic impacts as far as 100 km downstream. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Pierson, T., Janda, R.J., Thouret, J., and Borrero, C., 1990, Perturbation and melting of snow and ice by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, and consequent mobilization, flow and deposition of lahars: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 41, no. 1-4, p. 17-66.","startPage":"17","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a770ae4b0c8380cd783f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, T.C. 0000-0001-9002-4273","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":41855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janda, R. J. 0000-0002-3251-8088","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3251-8088","contributorId":64693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janda","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thouret, J.-C.","contributorId":19709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thouret","given":"J.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borrero, C.A.","contributorId":100543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrero","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015948,"text":"70015948 - 1990 - Post-11,000-year volcanism at Medicine Lake Volcano, Cascade Range, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:51:19.151041","indexId":"70015948","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-11,000-year volcanism at Medicine Lake Volcano, Cascade Range, northern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Eruptive activity during the past 11,000 years at Medicine Lake volcano has been episodic. Eight eruptions produced about 5.3 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of basaltic lava during an interval of a few hundred years about 10,500 years B.P. After a hiatus of about 6000 years, eruptive activity resumed with a small andesite eruption at about 4300 years B.P. Approximately 2.5 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of lava with compositions ranging from basalt to rhyolite vented in nine eruptions during an interval of about 3400 years in late Holocene time. The most recent eruption occurred about 900 years B.P. A compositional gap in SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;values of erupted lavas occurs between 58 and 63%. The gap is spanned by chilled magmatic inclusions in late Holocene silicic lavas. Late Holocene andesitic to rhyolitic lavas were probably derived by fractionation, assimilation, and mixing from high-alumina basalt parental magma, possibly from basalt intruded into the volcano during the early mafic episode. Many basaltic to andesitic lavas contain iron-rich crystals and have high FeO*/MgO (characteristics caused by mixing of high-alumina basalt with ferrobasalt liquid produced by fractionation of parental high-alumina basalt). When ferrobasalt and high-alumina basalt are contaminated with a granitic crustal component, a calc-alkaline trend is produced. Some eruptions have produced both tholeiitic and calc-alkaline compositions. The eruptive activity is probably driven by intrusions of basalt that occur during east-west stretching of the crust in an extensional tectonic environment. Vents are typically aligned parallel or subparallel to major structural features, most commonly within 30° of north. Intruded magma should provide adequate heat for commercial geothermal development if sufficient fluids can be found. The nature and timing of future volcanic activity cannot be predicted from the observed pattern, but eruptions high on the edifice could produce high-silica products that might be accompanied by explosive activity, whereas eruptions lower on the flanks are likely to vent more fluid mafic lavas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB12p19693","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J., Champion, D., Miller, C., Grove, T., and Trimble, D., 1990, Post-11,000-year volcanism at Medicine Lake Volcano, Cascade Range, northern California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B12, p. 19693-19704, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p19693.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"19693","endPage":"19704","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e4ae4b0c8380cd7a44e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, C.D.","contributorId":34504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, T.L.","contributorId":22088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trimble, D.A.","contributorId":9664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70015958,"text":"70015958 - 1990 - Contrasting soils and landscapes of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain, eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-07T13:10:05","indexId":"70015958","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting soils and landscapes of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain, eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>The Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces comprise 80 percent of the Atlantic Coastal states from New Jersey to Georgia. The provinces are climatically similar. The soil moisture regime is udic. The soil temperature regime is typically thermic from Virginia through Georgia, although it is mesic at altitudes above 400 m in Georgia and above 320 m in Virginia. The soil temperature regime is mesic for the Piedmont and Coastal Plain from Maryland through New Jersey. The tightly folded, structurally complex crystalline rocks of the Piedmont and the gently dipping “layer-cake” clastic sedimentary rocks and sediments of the Coastal Plain respond differently to weathering, pedogenesis, and erosion. The different responses result in two physiographically contrasting terrains; each has distinctive near-surface hydrology, regolith, drainage morphology, and morphometry.</p><p>The Piedmont is predominantly an erosional terrain. Interfluves are as narrow as 0.5 to 2 km, and are convex upward. Valleys are as narrow as 0.1 to 0.5 km and generally V-shaped in cross section. Alluvial terraces are rare and discontinuous. Soils in the Piedmont are typically less than 1 m thick, have less sand and more clay than Coastal Plain soils, and generally have not developed sandy epipedons. Infiltration rates for Piedmont soils are low at 6–15 cm/h. The soil/saprolite, soil/rock, and saprolite/rock boundaries are distinct (can be placed within 10 cm) and are characterized by ponding and/or lateral movement of water. Water movement through soil into saprolite, and from saprolite into rock, is along joints, foliation, bedding planes and faults. Soils and isotopic data indicate residence times consistent with a Pleistocene age for most Piedmont soils.</p><p>The Coastal Plain is both an erosional and a constructional terrain. Interfluves commonly are broader than 2 km and are flat. Valleys are commonly as wide as 1 km to greater than 10 km, and contain numerous alluvial and estuarine terrace sequences that can be correlated along valleys for tens of kilometers. Coastal Plain soils are typically as thick as 2 to 8 m, have high sand content throughout, and have sandy epipedons. These epipedons consist of both A and E horizons and are 1 to 4 m thick. In Coastal Plain soils, the boundaries are transitional between the solum and the underlying parent material and between weathered and unweathered parent material. Infiltration rates for Coastal Plain soils are typically higher at 13–28 cm/h, than are those for Piedmont soils. Indeed, for unconsolidated quartz sand, rates may exceed 50 cm/h. Water moves directly from the soil into the parent material through intergranularpores with only minor channelization along macropores, joints, and fractures. The comparatively high infiltration capacity results in relatively low surface runoff, and correspondingly less erosion than on the Piedmont uplands.</p><p>Due to differences in Piedmont and Coastal Plain erosion rates, topographic inversion is common along the Fall Zone; surfaces on Cenozoic sedimentary deposits of the Coastal Plain are higher than erosional surfaces on regolith weathered from late Precambrian to early Paleozoic crystalline rocks of the Piedmont. Isotopic, paleontologic, and soil data indicate that Coastal Plain surficial deposits are post-middle Miocene to Holocene in age, but most are from 5 to 2 Ma. Thus, the relatively uneroded surfaces comprise a Pliocene landscape. In the eastern third of the Coastal Plain, deposits that are less than 3.5 Ma include alluvial terraces, marine terraces and barrier/back-barrier complexes as morphostratigraphic units that cover thousands of square kilometers. Isotopic and soil data indicate that eastern Piedmont soils range from late Pliocene to Pleistocene in age, but are predominantly less than 2 Ma old. Thus, the eroded uplands of the Piedmont “peneplain” comprise a Pleistocene landscape.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-555X(90)90015-I","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H.W., Pavich, M.J., and Buell, G.R., 1990, Contrasting soils and landscapes of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain, eastern United States: Geomorphology, v. 3, no. 3-4, p. 417-447, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(90)90015-I.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"447","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa7ce4b0c8380cd4db0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, Helaine W. 0000-0001-9656-3243 helainem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-3243","contributorId":2008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"Helaine","email":"helainem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavich, Milan J. mpavich@usgs.gov","contributorId":2348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"Milan","email":"mpavich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buell, Gary R. grbuell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buell","given":"Gary","email":"grbuell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016276,"text":"70016276 - 1990 - Technical comments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016276","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3479,"text":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Technical comments","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01547734","issn":"09311955","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., and Karlinger, M., 1990, Technical comments: Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics, v. 4, no. 1, p. 83-88, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01547734.","startPage":"83","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205380,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01547734"},{"id":223511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3fde4b08c986b32002e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016372,"text":"70016372 - 1990 - Intragranular diffusion: An important mechanism influencing solute transport in clastic aquifers?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T16:28:36","indexId":"70016372","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intragranular diffusion: An important mechanism influencing solute transport in clastic aquifers?","docAbstract":"Quantification of intragranular porosity in sand-size material from an aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, by scanning electron microscopy, mercury injection, and epifluorescence techniques shows that there are more reaction sites and that porosity is greater that indicated by standard short-term laboratory tests and measurement techniques. Results from laboratory and field tracer tests show solute nonequilibrium for a reacting ion consistent with a model of diffusion into, and exchange within, grain interiors. These data indicate that a diffusion expression needs to be included in transport codes, particularly for simulation of the transport of radioactive and toxic wastes.","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.247.4950.1569","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., Kraemer, T.F., and Hearn, P., 1990, Intragranular diffusion: An important mechanism influencing solute transport in clastic aquifers?: Science, v. 247, no. 4950, p. 1569-1572, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4950.1569.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1569","endPage":"1572","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.69427490234375,\n              41.64213096472801\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.89501953125,\n              41.64213096472801\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.89501953125,\n              42.1613675328748\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.69427490234375,\n              42.1613675328748\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.69427490234375,\n              41.64213096472801\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"247","issue":"4950","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dc4e4b0c8380cd63818","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hearn, P.P. Jr.","contributorId":76763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"P.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016267,"text":"70016267 - 1990 - Geochemical evidence of Saharan dust parent material for soils developed on Quaternary limestones of Caribbean and western Atlantic islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T06:53:13","indexId":"70016267","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence of Saharan dust parent material for soils developed on Quaternary limestones of Caribbean and western Atlantic islands","docAbstract":"Most previous workers have regarded the insoluble residues of high-purity Quaternary limestones (coral reefs and oolites) as the most important parent material for well-developed, clay-rich soils on Caribbean and western Atlantic islands, but this genetic mechanism requires unreasonable amounts of limestone solution in Quaternary time. Other possible parent materials from external sources are volcanic ash from the Lesser Antilles island arc and Saharan dust carried across the Atlantic Ocean on the northeast trade winds. Soils on Quaternary coral terraces and carbonate eolianites on Barbados, Jamaica, the Florida Keys (United States), and New Providence Island (Bahamas) were studied to determine which, if either, external source was important. Caribbean volcanic ashes and Saharan dust can be clearly distinguished using ratios of relatively immobile elements ( Al2O3 TiO2, Ti Y, Ti Zr, and Ti Th). Comparison of these ratios in 25 soils, where estimated ages range from 125,000 to about 870,000 yr, shows that Saharan dust is the most important parent material for soils on all islands. These results indicate that the northeast trade winds have been an important component of the regional climatology for much of the Quaterary. Saharan dust may also be an important parent material for Caribbean island bauxites of much greater age. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(90)90016-E","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Bush, C.A., Stewart, K.C., Rowland, T., and Crittenden, R., 1990, Geochemical evidence of Saharan dust parent material for soils developed on Quaternary limestones of Caribbean and western Atlantic islands: Quaternary Research, v. 33, no. 2, p. 157-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90016-E.","startPage":"157","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266515,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90016-E"},{"id":223415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1633e4b0c8380cd550ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, C. A.","contributorId":43344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, K. C.","contributorId":46519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rowland, T.R.","contributorId":89667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crittenden, R.C.","contributorId":48315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crittenden","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70016420,"text":"70016420 - 1990 - Determination of twenty-nine elements in eight argonne premium coal samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T00:40:45.231246","indexId":"70016420","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of twenty-nine elements in eight argonne premium coal samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis","docAbstract":"Twenty-nine elements have been determined in triplicate splits of the eight Argonne National Laboratory Premium Coal Samples by instrumental neutron activtaion analysis. Data for control samples NBS 1633 (fly ash) and NBS 1632b are also reported. The factors that could lead to errors in analysis for these samples, such as spectral overlaps, low sensitivity, and interfering nuclear reactions, are discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ef00023a004","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Palmer, C., 1990, Determination of twenty-nine elements in eight argonne premium coal samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis: Energy & Fuels, v. 4, no. 5, p. 436-439, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00023a004.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffe3e4b0c8380cd4f45e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016322,"text":"70016322 - 1990 - Evaluation of gases, condensates, and SO2 emissions from Augustine volcano, Alaska: the degassing of a Cl-rich volcanic system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70016322","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of gases, condensates, and SO2 emissions from Augustine volcano, Alaska: the degassing of a Cl-rich volcanic system","docAbstract":"After the March-April 1986 explosive eruption a comprehensive gas study at Augustine was undertaken in the summers of 1986 and 1987. Airborne COSPEC measurements indicate that passive SO2 emission rates declined exponentially during this period from 380??45 metric tons/day (T/D) on 7/24/86 to 27??6 T/D on 8/24/87. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the Augustine magma reservoir has become more degassed as volcanic activity decreased after the spring 1986 eruption. Gas samples collected in 1987 from an 870??C fumarole on the andesitic lava dome show various degrees of disequilibrium due to oxidation of reduced gas species and condensation (and loss) of H2O in the intake tube of the sampling apparatus. Thermochemical restoration of the data permits removal of these effects to infer an equilibrium composition of the gases. Although not conclusive, this restoration is consistent with the idea that the gases were in equilibrium at 870??C with an oxygen fugacity near the Ni-NiO buffer. These restored gas compositions show that, relative to other convergent plate volcanoes, the Augustine gases are very HCl rich (5.3-6.0 mol% HCl), S rich (7.1 mol% total S), and H2O poor (83.9-84.8 mol% H2O). Values of ??D and ??18O suggest that the H2O in the dome gases is a mixture of primary magmatic water (PMW) and local seawater. Part of the Cl in the Augustine volcanic gases probably comes from this shallow seawater source. Additional Cl may come from subducted oceanic crust because data by Johnston (1978) show that Cl-rich glass inclusions in olivine crystals contain hornblende, which is evidence for a deep source (>25km) for part of the Cl. Gas samples collected in 1986 from 390??-642??C fumaroles on a ramp surrounding the inner summit crater have been oxidized so severely that restoration to an equilibrium composition is not possible. H and O isotope data suggest that these gases are variable mixtures of seawater, FMW, and meteoric steam. These samples are much more H2O-rich (92%-97% H2O) than the dome gases, possibly due to a larger meteoric steam component. The 1986 samples also have higher Cl/S, S/C, and F/Cl ratios, which imply that the magmatic component in these gases is from the more degassed 1976 magma. Thus, the 1987 samples from the lava dome are better indicators than the 1986 samples of degassing within the Augustine magma reservoir, even though they were collected a year later and contain a significant seawater component. Future gas studies at Augustine should emphasize fumaroles on active lava domes. Condensates collected from the same lava-dome fumarole have enrichments ot 107-102 in Cl, Br, F, B, Cd, As, S, Bi, Pb, Sb, Mo, Zn, Cu, K, Li, Na, Si, and Ni. Lower-temperature (200??-650??C) fumaroles around the volcano are generally less enriched in highly volatile elements. However, these lower-termperature fumaroles have higher concentration of rock-forming elements, probably derived from the wall rock. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00302048","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Symonds, R., Rose, W.I., Gerlach, T., Briggs, P., and Harmon, R., 1990, Evaluation of gases, condensates, and SO2 emissions from Augustine volcano, Alaska: the degassing of a Cl-rich volcanic system: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, no. 5, p. 355-374, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302048.","startPage":"355","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205386,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302048"},{"id":223563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c77e4b0c8380cd52b72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symonds, R.B.","contributorId":31011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symonds","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William I. Jr.","contributorId":71556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harmon, R.S.","contributorId":6585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70015936,"text":"70015936 - 1990 - Horizontal density-gradient effects on simulation of flow and transport in the Potomac Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015936","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Horizontal density-gradient effects on simulation of flow and transport in the Potomac Estuary","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, depth-integrated, hydrodynamic/transport model of the Potomac Estuary between Indian Head and Morgantown, Md., has been extended to include treatment of baroclinic forcing due to horizontal density gradients. The finite-difference model numerically integrates equations of mass and momentum conservation in conjunction with a transport equation for heat, salt, and constituent fluxes. Lateral and longitudinal density gradients are determined from salinity distributions computed from the convection-diffusion equation and an equation of state that expresses density as a function of temperature and salinity; thus, the hydrodynamic and transport computations are directly coupled. Horizontal density variations are shown to contribute significantly to momentum fluxes determined in the hydrodynamic computation. These fluxes lead to enchanced tidal pumping, and consequently greater dispersion, as is evidenced by numerical simulations. Density gradient effects on tidal propagation and transport behavior are discussed and demonstrated.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference","conferenceDate":"30 July 1990 through 31 July 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627748","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., and Baltzer, R.A., 1990, Horizontal density-gradient effects on simulation of flow and transport in the Potomac Estuary, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 30 July 1990 through 31 July 1990, p. 1251-1256.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1256","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a321be4b0c8380cd5e51d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chang Howard H.Hill Joseph C.","contributorId":128375,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Chang Howard H.Hill Joseph C.","id":536317,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltzer, Robert A.","contributorId":34269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltzer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016332,"text":"70016332 - 1990 - Rupture process of a multiple main shock sequence: analysis of teleseismic, local and field observations of the Tennant Creek, Australia, earthquakes of January 22, 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T15:43:52.901579","indexId":"70016332","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture process of a multiple main shock sequence: analysis of teleseismic, local and field observations of the Tennant Creek, Australia, earthquakes of January 22, 1988","docAbstract":"<p><span>On January 22, 1988, three large intraplate earthquakes (with&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub><i>S</i></sub><span>&nbsp;6.3, 6.4, and 6.7) occurred within a 12-hour period near Tennant Creek, Australia. These earthquakes, which occurred over a small interval of time and within a small volume of space, present a unique opportunity to study the rupture process of the class of intraplate earthquakes that occur as multiple main shocks. Broadband displacement and velocity records of body waves from teleseismically recorded data are analyzed to determine source mechanisms, depths, and complexity of rupture of each of the three main shocks. Hypocenters of an additional 150 foreshocks and aftershocks constrained by local arrival time data and field observations of surface rupture are used to complement the source characteristics of the main shocks in order to derive as complete a description of the rupture process as possible. The interpretation of the combined data sets suggests that the overall rupture process involved unusually complicated stress release. As locations of the main shock hypocenters progressively moved from west to east, we infer that the first and third main shocks, denoted as MS</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;and MS</span><sub>3</sub><span>, produced the southeast-northwest trending scarps observed at the western end (the Kunayungku fault) and at the eastern end (the east end of the Lake Surprise fault), respectively, of the rupture zone. The epicenter of the only immediate foreshock was located in the gap between these two fault scarps. MS</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;nucleated near this epicenter and ruptured upward and to the northwest from a depth of 6.5 km. MS</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;ruptured predominantly to the SE at a depth of 4.5 km. The second main shock, MS</span><sub>2</sub><span>, is inferred to have produced the deformation of the southwest trending central scarp segment (the western end of the Lake Surprise fault). From the sense of thrusting seen at the surface and from the distribution of aftershock hypocenters, the south dipping nodal planes derived from waveform modeling are identified as the fault planes for earthquakes MS1 and MS</span><sub>3</sub><span>. In contrast, the dip of the central fault scarp is reversed relative to the dips of the western and eastern fault scarps. The rupture process Of MS</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;turns out to be commensurately complex and sufficiently explains the geological complexity. MS</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;consisted of three subevents. The southeast dipping nodal plane of the first two subevents is coplanar with a southeast dipping plane implied by locations of aftershocks which did not break the surface. Choice of the north dipping plane as the rupture plane of the third subevent, consistent with the surface deformation and coplanar with a second plane delineated by aftershocks, would imply conjugate faulting. The majority of the aftershocks are concentrated near the edges of the fault planes, and there is an absence of activity in the center of the planes. The areas of absent activity may represent the failed asperities of the main shocks in which substantial stress relief occurred. The rupture process of each main shock is characterized by the rapid release of energy followed by a much slower release of moment and by aftershock zones whose dimensions exceed the inferred dimensions of the rupture. These characteristics suggest that substantial slow slip occurred on each of the three fault interfaces that was not accompanied by major energy release. The first main shock nucleated at the deepest part of its aftershock zone and ruptured upward. In contrast, MS</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and MS</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;nucleated at depths that were one third to one half of the maximum depth of their aftershock zones. This variation of focal depth and the strong increase of moment and radiated energy with each main shock imply that lateral variations of strength were more important than vertical gradients of shear stress in controlling the progression of rupture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB05p06867","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., and Bowman, J.R., 1990, Rupture process of a multiple main shock sequence: analysis of teleseismic, local and field observations of the Tennant Creek, Australia, earthquakes of January 22, 1988: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B5, p. 6867-6882, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB05p06867.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"6867","endPage":"6882","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaed7e4b0c8380cd87253","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, J. R.","contributorId":29496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016092,"text":"70016092 - 1990 - Chlorination of humic materials: Byproduct formation and chemical interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T01:37:41.044154","indexId":"70016092","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorination of humic materials: Byproduct formation and chemical interpretations","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00081a005","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Reckhow, D., Singer, P., and Malcolm, R., 1990, Chlorination of humic materials: Byproduct formation and chemical interpretations: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 24, no. 11, p. 1655-1664, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00081a005.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1655","endPage":"1664","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5cbe4b0c8380cd4c410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reckhow, D.A.","contributorId":51462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reckhow","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, P.C.","contributorId":80424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016324,"text":"70016324 - 1990 - Isotopic studies of the Eye-Dashwa Lakes pluton and the long-term integrity of whole-rock and mineral systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70016324","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":931,"text":"Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, AECL (Report)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic studies of the Eye-Dashwa Lakes pluton and the long-term integrity of whole-rock and mineral systems","docAbstract":"This report presents results of isotopic studies of the Eye-Dashwa Lakes pluton, located near Atikokan, Ontario. Suites of pristine 'unaltered' and 'highly altered' core samples from deep boreholes were used to study Rb-Sr, U-Th-Pb and Sr-Nd systematics, whole-rock Pb isotopes and fission track dating of apatite. The results have been used to investigate natural analogues for radionuclide migration in the geosphere, the tectonic stability of the pluton and the extent of water-rock interaction in fracture zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, AECL (Report)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00670367","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z., and Kamineni, D., 1990, Isotopic studies of the Eye-Dashwa Lakes pluton and the long-term integrity of whole-rock and mineral systems: Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, AECL (Report), no. 10120.","numberOfPages":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"10120","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fbce4b0c8380cd64786","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell E.","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":373184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kamineni, D.C.","contributorId":49114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamineni","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016379,"text":"70016379 - 1990 - Rheological properties of simulated debris flows in the laboratory environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:42","indexId":"70016379","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Rheological properties of simulated debris flows in the laboratory environment","docAbstract":"Steady debris flows with or without a snout are simulated in a 'conveyor-belt' flume using dry glass spheres of a uniform size, 5 or 14 mm in diameter, and their rheological properties described quantitatively in constants in a generalized viscoplastic fluid (GVF) model. Close agreement of the measured velocity profiles with the theoretical ones obtained from the GVF model strongly supports the validity of a GVF model based on the continuum-mechanics approach. Further comparisons of the measured and theoretical velocity profiles along with empirical relations among the shear stress, the normal stress, and the shear rate developed from the 'ring-shear' apparatus determine the values of the rheological parameters in the GVF model, namely the flow-behavior index, the consistency index, and the cross-consistency index. Critical issues in the evaluation of such rheological parameters using the conveyor-belt flume and the ring-shear apparatus are thus addressed in this study.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands and 1990 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"30 July 1990 through 2 August 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627713","usgsCitation":"Ling, C., Chen, C., and Jan, C., 1990, Rheological properties of simulated debris flows in the laboratory environment, <i>in</i> Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands, San Diego, CA, USA, 30 July 1990 through 2 August 1990, p. 218-224.","startPage":"218","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad3ce4b0c8380cd86e74","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"French Richard H.","contributorId":128450,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"French Richard H.","id":536329,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Ling, Chi-Hai","contributorId":55154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ling","given":"Chi-Hai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jan, Chyan-Deng","contributorId":60384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jan","given":"Chyan-Deng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014588,"text":"1014588 - 1990 - Use of triticale as a replacement for wheat middlings in diets for Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-08T15:24:38.721867","indexId":"1014588","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of triticale as a replacement for wheat middlings in diets for Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study was conducted to determine the value of triticale (a hybrid between rye and wheat) as a substitute for wheat middlings in the diet of Atlantic salmon (</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>). Data on growth and carcass composition of fish fed the experimental diets containing triticale were comparable to those of fish fed the control diet with wheat middlings. No differences in diet acceptability were apparent when triticale was substituted for wheat middlings in the basal ration. Though the effect of triticale substitution on pellet quality (i.e., durability) is not known, the results indicated that this hybrid grain can be used as a nutritional substitute for wheat middlings in the diet of salmonids, and that further evaluation of this potential feed ingredient is warranted.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(90)90339-O","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., 1990, Use of triticale as a replacement for wheat middlings in diets for Atlantic salmon: Aquaculture, v. 90, no. 2, p. 173-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(90)90339-O.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604249","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015856,"text":"70015856 - 1990 - Quaternary geology and geologic hazards of the West Desert Hazardous Industry Area, Tooele County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015856","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quaternary geology and geologic hazards of the West Desert Hazardous Industry Area, Tooele County, Utah","docAbstract":"The study of Quaternary geology provides information to evaluate geologic conditions and identify geologic constraints on construction in the West Desert Hazardous Industry Area (WDHIA). The WDHIA includes portions of the Great Salt Lake Desert to the west, underlain by several thousand feet of sediments capped by saline mudflats, and Ripple Valley to the east, separated from the Desert by the Grayback Hills and underlain by several hundred feet of sediments in the Cedar Mountains piedmont zone. Quaternary surficial units include marginal, shore-zone, and deep-water lacustrine sediments deposited in Pleistocene Lake Bonneville; eolian deposits; and alluvial sediments. The level of Lake Bonneville underwent major oscillations resulting in the creation of four basin-wide shorelines, three of which are recognized in the WDHIA. Geologic hazards in the WDHIA include the possible contamination of ground water in basin-fill aquifers, debris flows and flash floods in the piedmont zone, and earthquakes and related hazards. Numerous factors contribute to unsafe foundation conditions. Silty and sandy sediments may be subject to liquefaction or hydrocompaction, clayey sediments and mud flats of the Great Salt Lake Desert may be subject to shrinking or swelling, and gypsiferous dunes and salt flats are subject to subsidence due to dissolution.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1990 Annual Symposium on Engineering Geology & Geotechnical Engineering","conferenceDate":"4 April 1990 through 6 April 1990","conferenceLocation":"Pocatello, ID, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Idaho State University","publisherLocation":"Pocatello, ID, United States","usgsCitation":"Solomon, B.J., and Black, B.D., 1990, Quaternary geology and geologic hazards of the West Desert Hazardous Industry Area, Tooele County, Utah, Proceedings of the 1990 Annual Symposium on Engineering Geology & Geotechnical Engineering, Pocatello, ID, USA, 4 April 1990 through 6 April 1990.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92bce4b0c8380cd80a0c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Robinson Lee","contributorId":128409,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Robinson Lee","id":536310,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Solomon, Barry J.","contributorId":14887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solomon","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, Bill D.","contributorId":12201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Bill","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016505,"text":"70016505 - 1990 - Reflected and mode-converted seismic waves within the shallow Aleutian subduction zone, southern Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T15:26:59.741501","indexId":"70016505","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reflected and mode-converted seismic waves within the shallow Aleutian subduction zone, southern Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pronounced secondary phases observed in local recordings of quarry shots and earthquakes on the southern Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, are identified as reflected P and S and converted S-to-P phases originating within four depth ranges: in the upper few kilometers of the Cook Inlet Tertiary basin, at midcrustal depths within the overthrust North American plate, at about 35 km depth near the top of the Wadati-Benioff seismic zone in proximity to the inferred interplate megathrust, and at about 5–10 km below the megathrust in the subducted Pacific plate. Beneath the landward margin of the accreted Chugach terrane, the mid-upper plate (MUP) discontinuity dips as steeply as 20°–30° to the west-northwest over the depth range 12–18 km. At shallower depths it flattens and possibly arches with the crest at about 10 km depth. Similar midcrustal reflectors have been imaged about 125 km to the southwest and about 350 km to the northeast along the structural trend of the Chugach terrane. The extensive reflectors may have a common origin, possible caused by the presence of underplated rocks. Relative amplitudes and polarities of the secondary phases originating at MUP depths provide few constraints on the nature of the discontinuity. It appears that the MUP discontinuity is seismically inactive and does not represent a brittle-ductile transition zone within the upper plate. The two converted&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>-to-</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;phases generated near the top of the subducted plate could indicate a low-velocity zone associated with subducted oceanic crust.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"American Geophysical Union","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB05p06883","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stephens, C., Page, R., and Lahr, J., 1990, Reflected and mode-converted seismic waves within the shallow Aleutian subduction zone, southern Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B5, p. 6883-6897, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB05p06883.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"6883","endPage":"6897","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a43be4b0e8fec6cdbad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, C.D.","contributorId":18752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, R.A.","contributorId":40197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lahr, J.C.","contributorId":34892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015903,"text":"70015903 - 1990 - Trace element and isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution at Lassen volcanic center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:58:12.300978","indexId":"70015903","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace element and isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution at Lassen volcanic center","docAbstract":"<p><span>Magmatic evolution at the Lassen volcanic center (LVC) is characterized by a transition from predominantly andesitic to predominantly silicic volcanism with time. Magmas of the andesitic, or “Brokeoff phase” of volcanism range in composition from basaltic andesite io dacite, whereas those of silicic, or “Lassen phase” range in composition from basaltic andesite to rhyolite. The compositions of magmas from each phase define well organized but distinct variation trends. Compared with Brokeoff-phase magmas of similar SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;content, most Lassen-phase magmas contain lower concentrations of most incompatible minor and trace elements. Based on the behavior of both incompatible and compatible trace elements, the geochemical trends defined by the Brokeoff-phase magmas cannot be ascribed merely to fractional crystallization from a single or multiple mafic parental magmas, Moreover, the Lassen-phase magmas cannot be derived from the Brokeoff-phase magmas by fractional crystallization. Rather, the geochemical trends that characterize each volcanic phase define arrays that primarily indicate mixing between well-homogenized silicic and heterogeneous mafic magmas. The distinctive mixing-dominated arrays for each volcanic phase manifest the generation and evolution of two physically distinct, but genetically related magma systems. The LVC magmas have Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic characteristics that approximate two-component mixing arrays. One isotopic component is similar in composition to that of NE Pacific Ocean ridge and seamount basalts (“MORB” component), the other to mafic Mesozoic granitoids sampled from the neighboring KSamath and Sierra Nevada provinces (“KSN” component). The isotopic compositions of the most silicic LVC magmas lie within the ranges defined by the more mafic LVC magmas, which in turn lie within broad ranges defined by primitive mafic lavas sampled from the Lassen region. The lack of a correlation between the major element and isotopic compositions of LVC magmas seriously limits any model for magmatic evolution that relies on assimilation of old middle to upper crust by isotopically homogeneous mafic magmas during their ascent through the crust. Alternatively, the isotopic and geochemical uniformity of the most silicic magmas of the Brokeoff and Lassen phases suggests that they are well-homogenized partial melts. The likely source region for these silicic melts is the lower crust, which we envision to consist primarily of mafic igneous rocks that are similar in geochemical and isotopic diversity to the regional mafic lavas. Magmatic evolution at LVC can be viewed in terms of a series of mantle melting events that subsequently stimulated meiting in a progressively increasing volume of the lower crust. In general, the LVC magmas represent slightly fractionated mixtures of the mantle-derived mafic magmas and silicic partial melts of the lower crust, the latter melts increasing in relative proportion over the history of the volcanic center. The voluminous rhyolitic lavas and pyroclastic materials erupted during the early Lassen phase represent lower crustal melts thai pooled into sufficient volumes to avoid significant blending and dilution with intruding mafic magmas. The geochemical and isotopic heterogeneity of both Brokeoff-phase andésites and mafic magmatic inclusions in the silicic Lassen-phase magmas must in part record the corresponding diversity of the mantle-derived contributions to arc magmagenesis in this region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB12p19671","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bullen, T., and Clynne, M., 1990, Trace element and isotopic constraints on magmatic evolution at Lassen volcanic center: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B12, p. 19671-19691, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p19671.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"19671","endPage":"19691","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb634e4b08c986b326b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}