Enigmatic tubular trace fossils up to eight meters long occur in the Lower Pennsylvanian Middlesboro Member of the Lee Formation. Two morphotypes occur: type 1 trace fossils are plain, smooth, vertical, nonbranching, parallel-walled, tubular structures; type 2 trace fossils branch, have walls with faint vertical striations, regularly or irregularly spaced nodes, and funnel-shaped terminations. Sandstone casts filling type 2 structures have helical spiral morphology, and, in rare individuals, faint meniscate fills have been observed. Both trace-fossil morphotypes have poorly cemented wall linings containing framboidal pyrite, amorphous carbon, quartz sand, and poorly preserved fecal material.
The trace fossils occur in a massive, structureless, channel-form sandstone, originating at the contact between a channel lag and the overlying massive fill. The stratigraphic sequence is interpreted to represent a barrier island transgressing an estuarine facies. A tidal inlet within the barrier facies scoured into the underlying estuarine sediments. Subsequent rapid filling of the inlet led to the deposition of the massive sandstone.
Origin of these structures is uncertain. The preponderance of evidence favors the hypothesis that the structures are escape burrows of animals that had colonized, or were concentrated in, the lag and were suddenly buried by the deposition of the massive sand. However, no likely burrower has been identified, and several characteristics of the structures and the enclosing sediments indicate that they may be completely inorganic in origin.
A combination of a highly accurate bathymetric surveying technique and in-situ submersible observations and measurements were used to assess the migrational trends and morphological changes of large sand waves (Ht ≤ 17 m) in eastern Long Island Sound. Although residing in a high-energy tidal environment characterized by a net westward sediment flux, the large bedforms are relatively stable over the short term. Over a 7 month period, 55.1% of a total 2942 m of sand wave crestline lengths migrated less than the horizontal accuracy limits of navigation (2 m). Approximately 35% of the remaining sand wave crests migrated less than 4 m. Net migration of the sand wave crests in the study area was 0.2 m. In addition, the bulk form (center of area in profile view) or the base of the sand waves showed little, if any, movement. These data, in conjunction with flow data within the sand wave field, suggest that net migration rates are greater than the time span of this study and/or the sand waves move in response to large residual flows created by high-energy, aperiodic storm events. The latter scenerio suggests that day to day processes only serve to rework and modify the sand waves.
The use of direct current resistivity soundings to explore the geothermal potential of the Medicine Lake area in northern California proved to be challenging because of high contact resistances and winding roads. Deep Schlumberger soundings were made by expanding current electrode spacings along the winding roads. Measured apparent resistivities were corrected using the geometric factor for the exact array geometry instead of a linear array geometry. For horizontally stratified, laterally homogeneous media, the apparent resistivities measured with a nonlinear Schlumberger array are equal to those measured with a linear Schlumberger array provided that (a) distances from the current electrodes to the center of the array are equal, and (b) the proper geometric factor is used to calculate the apparent resistivity. Corrected sounding data were interpreted using an automatic interpretation method. Forty-two maps of interpreted resistivity were calculated for depths extending from 20 to 1000 m. Computer animation of these 42 maps revealed that (a) certain subtle anomalies migrate laterally with depth and can be traced to their origin, (b) an extensive volume of low-resistivity material underlies the survey area, and (c) the three areas (east of Bullseye Lake, southwest of Glass Mountain, and northwest of Medicine Lake) may be favorable geothermal targets. Six interpreted resistivity maps and three cross-sections illustrate the above findings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442925","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Zohdy, A., and Bisdorf, R., 1990, Schlumberger soundings near Medicine Lake, California: Geophysics, v. 55, no. 8, p. 956-964, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442925.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"956","endPage":"964","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8759e4b08c986b316438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zohdy, A.A.R.","contributorId":43503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zohdy","given":"A.A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bisdorf, R.J.","contributorId":42960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisdorf","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015924,"text":"70015924 - 1990 - 36C1 measurements and the hydrology of an acid injection site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:35:54","indexId":"70015924","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2909,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"36C1 measurements and the hydrology of an acid injection site","docAbstract":"In an area in western Tennessee (United States), an industrial firm is injecting acidic (pH = 0.1) iron chloride into permeable zones of carbonate rocks at depths ranging from 1000 to 2200 m below land surface. Overlying the injection zone at a depth of approximately 500 m below land surface is a regional fresh-water aquifer, the Knox aquifer. A study is currently underway to investigate whether the injection wells are hydraulically isolated from the fresh-water aquifer. Drilling of a test well that will reach a total depth of 2700 m has been initiated. The 36Cl content of 15 samples from the Knox aquifer, from monitor wells in the vicinity of the injection site, and from the test well have been analyzed. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-583X(90)90456-5","issn":"0168583X","usgsCitation":"Vourvopoulos, G., Brahana, J., Nolte, E., Korschinek, G., Priller, A., and Dockhorn, B., 1990, 36C1 measurements and the hydrology of an acid injection site: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 52, no. 3-4, p. 451-454, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(90)90456-5.","startPage":"451","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268846,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(90)90456-5"},{"id":223389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e25be4b0c8380cd45ae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vourvopoulos, G.","contributorId":31527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vourvopoulos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brahana, J. V.","contributorId":32926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brahana","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nolte, E.","contributorId":45464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolte","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korschinek, G.","contributorId":85726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschinek","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Priller, A.","contributorId":39941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priller","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dockhorn, B.","contributorId":53528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dockhorn","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70016252,"text":"70016252 - 1990 - Determination of trace levels of herbicides and their degradation products in surface and ground waters by gas chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T16:16:47","indexId":"70016252","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of trace levels of herbicides and their degradation products in surface and ground waters by gas chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A rapid, specific and highly sensitive method is described for the determination of several commonly used herbicides and their degradation products in surface and ground waters by using gas chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry. The compounds included atrazine, and its degradation products desethylatrazine and desisopropylatrazine; Simazine; Cyanazine; Metolachlor; and alachlor and its degradation products, 2-chloro-2', 6'-diethylacetanilide, 2-hydroxy-2', 6'-diethylacetanilide and 2,6-diethylaniline. The method was applied to surface-water samples collected from 16 different stations along the lower Mississippi River and its major tributaries, and ground-water samples beneath a cornfield in central Nebraska. Average recovery of a surrogate herbicide, terbuthylazine, was greater than 99%. Recoveries of the compounds of interest from river water spiked at environmental levels are also presented. Full-scan mass spectra of these compounds were obtained on 1 ng or less of analyte. Data were collected in the full-scan acquisition mode. Quantitation was based on a single characteristic ion for each compound. The detection limit was 60 pg with a signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 10:1.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80480-8","issn":"00032670","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C., and Leiker, T., 1990, Determination of trace levels of herbicides and their degradation products in surface and ground waters by gas chromatography/ion-trap mass spectrometry: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 228, no. 1, p. 69-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80480-8.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205343,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)80480-8"}],"volume":"228","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffe1e4b0c8380cd4f453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015960,"text":"70015960 - 1990 - Collection and analysis of colloidal particles transported in the Mississippi River, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70015960","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Collection and analysis of colloidal particles transported in the Mississippi River, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Sediment transport has long been recognized as an important mechanism for the transport of contaminants in surface waters. Suspended sediment has traditionally been divided into three size classes: sand-sized (>63 ??m), silt-sized (<63 ??m but settleable) and clay-sized (non-settleable). The first two classes are easily collected and characterized using screens (sand) and settling (silt). The clay-sized particles, more properly called colloids, are more difficult to collect and characterize, and until recently received little attention. From the hydrologic perspective, a colloid is a particle, droplet, or gas bubble with at least one dimension between 0.001 and 1 ??m. Because of their small size, colloids have large specific surface areas and high surface free energies which may facilitate sorption of hydrophobic materials. Understanding what types of colloids are present in a system, how contaminants of interest interact with these colloids, and what parameters control the transport of colloids in natural systems is critical if the relative importance of colloid-mediated transport is to be understood. This paper describes the collection, concentration and characterization of colloidal materials in the Mississippi River. Colloid concentrations, particle-size distributions, mineral composition and electrophoretic mobilities were determined. Techniques used are illustrated with samples collected at St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.Sediment transport has long been recognized as an important mechanism for the transport of contaminants in surface waters. Suspended sediment has traditionally been divided into three size classes: sand-sized (> 63 ??m), silt-sized (< 63 ??m but settleable) and clay-sized (non-settleable). The first two classes are easily collected and characterized using screens (sand) and settling (silt). The clay-sized particles, more properly called colloids, are more difficult to collect and characterize, and until recently received little attention. From the hydrologic perspective, a colloid is a particle, droplet, or gas bubble with at least one dimension between 0.001 and 1 ??m. Because of their small size, colloids have large specific surface areas and high surface free energies which may facilitate sorption of hydrophobic materials. Understanding what types of colloids are present in a system, how contaminants of interest interact with these colloids, and what parameters control the transport of colloids in natural systems is critical if the relative importance of colloid-mediated transport is to be understood. This paper describes the collection, concentration and characterization of colloidal materials in the Mississippi River. Colloid concentrations, particle-size distributions, mineral composition and electrophoretic mobilities were determined. Techniques used are illustrated with samples collected at St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(90)90019-D","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Rees, T., and Ranville, J., 1990, Collection and analysis of colloidal particles transported in the Mississippi River, U.S.A.: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 6, no. 3, p. 241-250, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(90)90019-D.","startPage":"241","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205344,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(90)90019-D"},{"id":223186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7b0e4b0c8380cd4cc56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rees, T.F.","contributorId":26068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ranville, J. F.","contributorId":54245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016048,"text":"70016048 - 1990 - Geologic and biostratigraphic framework of the non-marine Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary interval in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T15:47:05","indexId":"70016048","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic and biostratigraphic framework of the non-marine Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary interval in western North America","docAbstract":"Palynologically defined Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sites in nonmarine rocks in western North America exhibit similar characteristics. All are marked by abrupt disappearance of the regional uppermost Cretaceous palynoflora at the level of an iridium anomaly; most also yeild shock-metamorphosed minerals. All are in coal-bearing, fluvial or paludal depositional settings, although the boundary horizon may be below, within, above, or at some stratigraphic distance from coal seams. At many sites the lowermost Tertiary beds contain assemblages overwhelmed by fern spores that, together with extinctions of some groups of angiosperms, are taken as evidence of regional devastation of terrestrial plant communities and subsequent recolonization by pioneer species. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0034-6667(90)90058-Q","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.J., 1990, Geologic and biostratigraphic framework of the non-marine Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary interval in western North America: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 65, no. 1-4, p. 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(90)90058-Q.","startPage":"75","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269790,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(90)90058-Q"},{"id":223141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a18d3e4b0c8380cd55814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, D. J.","contributorId":55466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016351,"text":"70016351 - 1990 - Rates of microbial metabolism in deep coastal plain aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T15:39:24.560346","indexId":"70016351","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates of microbial metabolism in deep coastal plain aquifers","docAbstract":"Rates of microbial metabolism in deep anaerobic aquifers of the Atlantic coastal plain of South Carolina were investigated by both microbiological and geochemical techniques. Rates of [2-14C]acetate and [U-14C]glucose oxidation as well as geochemical evidence indicated that metabolic rates were faster in the sandy sediments composing the aquifers than in the clayey sediments of the confining layers. In the sandy aquifer sediments, estimates of the rates of CO2 production (millimoles of CO2 per liter per year) based on the oxidation of [2-14C] acetate were 9.4 × 10−3 to 2.4 × 10−1 for the Black Creek aquifer, 1.1 × 10−2 for the Middendorf aquifer, and <7 × 10−5 for the Cape Fear aquifer. These estimates were at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than previously published estimates that were based on the accumulation of CO2 in laboratory incubations of similar deep subsurface sediments. In contrast, geochemical modeling of groundwater chemistry changes along aquifer flowpaths gave rate estimates that ranged from 10−4 to 10−6 mmol of CO2 per liter per year. The age of these sediments (ca. 80 million years) and their organic carbon content suggest that average rates of CO2 production could have been no more than 10−4 mmol per liter per year. Thus, laboratory incubations may greatly overestimate the in situ rates of microbial metabolism in deep subsurface environments. This has important implications for the use of laboratory incubations in attempts to estimate biorestoration capacities of deep aquifers. The rate estimates from geochemical modeling indicate that deep aquifers are among the most oligotrophic aquatic environments in which there is ongoing microbial metabolism.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.56.6.1865-1874.1990","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., and Lovley, D.R., 1990, Rates of microbial metabolism in deep coastal plain aquifers: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1865-1874, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.6.1865-1874.1990.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1865","endPage":"1874","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479840,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.6.1865-1874.1990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.37646484375,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -79.4970703125,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 35.35321610123823\n ],\n [\n -82.6611328125,\n 35.42486791930558\n ],\n [\n -83.43017578125,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 34.74161249883172\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 33.15594830078649\n ],\n [\n -81.36474609375,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 31.82156451492074\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -79.365234375,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -78.68408203124999,\n 33.30298618122413\n ],\n [\n -78.37646484375,\n 33.94335994657882\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9543e4b0c8380cd818e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016047,"text":"70016047 - 1990 - Peridinialean dinoflagellate plate patterns, labels and homologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:06:23","indexId":"70016047","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peridinialean dinoflagellate plate patterns, labels and homologies","docAbstract":"Tabulation patterns for peridinialean dinoflagellate thecae and cysts have been traditionally expressed using a plate labelling system described by C.A. Kofoid in the early 1900's. This system can obscure dinoflagellate plate homologies and has not always been strictly applied. The plate-labelling system presented here introduces new series labels but incorporates key features and ideas from the more recently proposed systems of G.L. Eaton and F.J.R. Taylor, as modified by W.R. Evitt. Plate-series recognition begins with the cingulum (C-series) and proceeds from the cingulum toward the apex for the three series of the epitheca/epicyst and proceeds from the cingulum toward the antapex for the two series of the hypotheca/hypocyst. The epithecal/epicystal model consists of eight plates that touch the anterior margin of the cingulum (E-series: plates E1-E7, ES), seven plates toward the apex that touch the E-series plates (M-series: R, M1-M6), and up to seven plates near the apex that do not touch E-series plates (D-series: Dp-Dv). The hypothecal/hypocystal model consists of eight plates that touch the posterior margin of the cingulum (H-series: H1-H6,HR,HS) and three plates toward the antapex (T1-T3). Epithecal/epicystal tabulation patterns come in both 8- and 7- models, corresponding to eight and seven plates, respectively, in the E-series. Hypothecal/hypocystal tabulation patterns also come in both 8- and 7-models, corresponding to eight and seven plates, respectively, in the H-series. By convention, the 7-model epitheca/epicyst has no plates E1 and M1; the 7-model hypotheca/hypocyst has no plate H6. Within an 8-model or 7-model, the system emphasizes plates that are presumed to be homologous by giving them identical labels. I introduce the adjectives \"monothigmate\", \"dithigmate,\" and \"trithigmate\" to designate plates touching one, two, and three plates, respectively, of the adjacent series. The term \"thigmation\" applies to the analysis of plate contacts between plate series as a guide to interpretation. Application of the proposed plate labelling system involves: (1) locating the cingulum and identifying the plate series, (2) identifying the landmark plates within each series, (3) assigning appropriate plate numbers to plates in the E- and H-series, (4) assigning appropriate plate numbers to the remaining plates using thigmation and interactions of diagonally opposite pairs of plates (quartets) as guides to interpretation. A \"typical\" gonyaulacoid tabulation pattern combines a 7-model epitheca/epicyst and an 8-model hypotheca/hypocyst. A \"typical\" peridinioid tabulation pattern combines an 8-model epitheca/epicyst and a 7-model hypotheca/hypocyst. The group that is presently termed partiform gonyaulacoid (which includes the modern genus Cladopyxis Stein and the fossil Microdinium Cookson and Eisenack) has an 8-model epitheca/epicyst and an 8-model hypotheca/hypocyst.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-6667(90)90079-X","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., 1990, Peridinialean dinoflagellate plate patterns, labels and homologies: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 65, no. 1-4, p. 293-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(90)90079-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7692e4b0c8380cd781b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016046,"text":"70016046 - 1990 - Carbon speciation and surface tension of fog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T01:56:57.433765","indexId":"70016046","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon speciation and surface tension of fog","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00075a017","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., Gunde, R., Zurcher, F., and Giger, W., 1990, Carbon speciation and surface tension of fog: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 24, no. 5, p. 722-727, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00075a017.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"722","endPage":"727","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223090,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Switzerland","city":"Zurich","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 8.496434123338588,\n 47.34552610978804\n ],\n [\n 8.57163650401236,\n 47.33954744137378\n ],\n [\n 8.576859110190497,\n 47.34007830532599\n ],\n [\n 8.582081716367554,\n 47.34078611562535\n ],\n [\n 8.584693019457148,\n 47.34414808496214\n ],\n [\n 8.589393365016747,\n 47.34538665127505\n ],\n [\n 8.592526928723828,\n 47.34503277815131\n ],\n [\n 8.595660492429914,\n 47.34733291105232\n ],\n [\n 8.601405359225538,\n 47.34609439040571\n ],\n [\n 8.606105704785108,\n 47.34644825641331\n ],\n [\n 8.608194747256164,\n 47.34910217585053\n ],\n [\n 8.613156223124975,\n 47.3485714026381\n ],\n [\n 8.615767526214597,\n 47.34839447704829\n ],\n [\n 8.62490708702552,\n 47.35175596184871\n ],\n [\n 8.62595160826055,\n 47.35423270839004\n ],\n [\n 8.624384826407038,\n 47.356001741896364\n ],\n [\n 8.63012969320269,\n 47.35617864198474\n ],\n [\n 8.63012969320269,\n 47.35918585275812\n ],\n [\n 8.631696475056174,\n 47.36343103501298\n ],\n [\n 8.633263256909714,\n 47.366968425955605\n ],\n [\n 8.639112598532307,\n 47.37111281202883\n ],\n [\n 8.631965731587059,\n 47.37568879714178\n ],\n [\n 8.62858721266798,\n 47.37692072529174\n ],\n [\n 8.62494880767784,\n 47.37982444205218\n ],\n [\n 8.624429035536679,\n 47.38149620643449\n ],\n [\n 8.621310402688664,\n 47.385367457270775\n ],\n [\n 8.620790630546537,\n 47.38783083251468\n ],\n [\n 8.617282168592425,\n 47.3900301774149\n ],\n [\n 8.617022282521333,\n 47.39284520497176\n ],\n [\n 8.617282168592425,\n 47.394692485090076\n ],\n [\n 8.6165025103802,\n 47.39583600699828\n ],\n [\n 8.62377932035946,\n 47.400497801039876\n ],\n [\n 8.621960117864887,\n 47.401201432237\n ],\n [\n 8.61884148501693,\n 47.40014598191732\n ],\n [\n 8.614163535743415,\n 47.400937571639844\n ],\n [\n 8.608446042187609,\n 47.40296046911769\n ],\n [\n 8.606107067551875,\n 47.402784568072434\n ],\n [\n 8.60558729540972,\n 47.40401586305401\n ],\n [\n 8.602598605596796,\n 47.405423022078395\n ],\n [\n 8.601689004349538,\n 47.407533690135296\n ],\n [\n 8.599220086677889,\n 47.40733530950726\n ],\n [\n 8.59181333366351,\n 47.40795090741119\n ],\n [\n 8.576999827632875,\n 47.4112046625271\n ],\n [\n 8.57466085299609,\n 47.41287543163526\n ],\n [\n 8.57466085299609,\n 47.42149224106058\n ],\n [\n 8.573881194783922,\n 47.423074767056704\n ],\n [\n 8.57159132579082,\n 47.42382990185922\n ],\n [\n 8.561587606821377,\n 47.42556531267698\n ],\n [\n 8.556200988915236,\n 47.42756096438919\n ],\n [\n 8.549788348550294,\n 47.43059768051762\n ],\n [\n 8.538886859930045,\n 47.433547465558405\n ],\n [\n 8.531191691493262,\n 47.433894488222506\n ],\n [\n 8.524650798320323,\n 47.433547465558405\n ],\n [\n 8.518948349323352,\n 47.43215935201866\n ],\n [\n 8.502660242796992,\n 47.42738743246227\n ],\n [\n 8.488295928380296,\n 47.425999156442884\n ],\n [\n 8.478933473447796,\n 47.42287540152478\n ],\n [\n 8.482909310473161,\n 47.4203589085908\n ],\n [\n 8.483422321703472,\n 47.414220017296856\n ],\n [\n 8.47854871502625,\n 47.413004973935756\n ],\n [\n 8.478035703796309,\n 47.41205027734273\n ],\n [\n 8.479574737484086,\n 47.41022762669556\n ],\n [\n 8.477137934145446,\n 47.40701613636523\n ],\n [\n 8.472649085890168,\n 47.407189735442984\n ],\n [\n 8.468801501671805,\n 47.40866530450771\n ],\n [\n 8.46674945675511,\n 47.403891255120215\n ],\n [\n 8.457643507436586,\n 47.4063217343307\n ],\n [\n 8.453026406374363,\n 47.40875210140044\n ],\n [\n 8.448794063733999,\n 47.41005403763029\n ],\n [\n 8.447768041275197,\n 47.40823131789725\n ],\n [\n 8.448024546890139,\n 47.40250235950799\n ],\n [\n 8.449178822154948,\n 47.39738049046497\n ],\n [\n 8.447768041275054,\n 47.39703322708317\n ],\n [\n 8.448024546889997,\n 47.3896533391636\n ],\n [\n 8.46444090622333,\n 47.37793021649708\n ],\n [\n 8.4711100522033,\n 47.37254539027279\n ],\n [\n 8.486558657177198,\n 47.36472772857536\n ],\n [\n 8.490790999818557,\n 47.35169571742858\n ],\n [\n 8.496434123338588,\n 47.34552610978804\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f36ae4b0c8380cd4b7cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gunde, R.","contributorId":73341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunde","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zurcher, F.","contributorId":10931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zurcher","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giger, W.","contributorId":38714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giger","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016424,"text":"70016424 - 1990 - Cooling rate and thermal structure determined from progressive magnetization of the dacite dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T15:30:45.753432","indexId":"70016424","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cooling rate and thermal structure determined from progressive magnetization of the dacite dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"Our study of a magnetic anomaly associated with the recently active dacite dome at Mount St. Helens suggests that the dome consists of a hot, nonmagnetized core surrounded by a cool, magnetized carapace and flanking talus. The talus does not contribute to the anomaly because its constituent blocks are randomly oriented. Temporal changes in the magnetic anomaly indicate that the magnetized carapace thickened at an average rate of 0.03±0.01 m/d from 1984 to 1986. Petrographic and rock magnetic properties of dome samples indicate that the dominant process responsible for these changes is magnetization of extensively oxidized rock at progressively deeper levels within the dome as the rock cools through its blocking temperature, rather than subsequent changes in magnetization caused by further oxidation. Newly extruded material cools rapidly for a short period as heat is conducted outward in response to convective heat loss from its surface. The cooling rate gradually declines for several weeks, and thereafter the material cools at a relatively constant rate by convective heat loss from its interior along fractures that propagate inward. The rate of internal convective heat loss through fractures varies with rainfall, snowmelt, and large-scale fracturing during subsequent eruptive episodes. In accordance with a model for solidification of the 1959 lava lake at Kilauea Iki, Hawaii, we picture the dome's magnetized carapace as being a two-phase, porous, convective zone separated from the nonmagnetized core of the dome by a thin, single-phase conductive zone. As a consequence of the heat balance between the conductive and convective zones, the blocking-temperature isotherm migrates inward at a relatively constant rate. If the dome remains inactive, the time scale for its complete magnetization is estimated to be 18–36 years, a forecast which can be refined by shallow drilling into the dome and by continuing studies of its growing magnetic anomaly.
An analytical procedure has been developed for the determination of the 18 PCB congeners which are inducers of methylcholanthrene-like mixed function oxidase activity in animals and include the most toxic PCBs. Determinations of the toxic PCB congeners in samples of eggs of predatory fish and piscivorous birds of the Great Lakes and in Aroclor mixtures demonstrate that the apparent toxic potency of PCB residues in these samples is dominated by two congeners, 3,3′,4,4′,5- and 2,3,3′,4,4′-pentachlorobiphenyl. Furthermore, the analyses demonstrate that the potential toxicity of PCB residues can increase 5 to 10 fold as they reach upper levels of aquatic food chains and most often exceed the potential toxicity of chlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans in higher animals even in environments highly contaminated by the latter compounds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(90)90128-G","usgsCitation":"Smith, L.M., Schwartz, T.R., Feltz, K., and Kubiak, T.J., 1990, Determination and occurrence of AHH-active polychlorinated biphenyls, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in Lake Michigan sediment and biota. The question of their relative toxicological significance: Chemosphere, v. 21, no. 9, p. 1063-1085, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(90)90128-G.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1063","endPage":"1085","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a6534e4b07657d1a11d61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Lawrence M.","contributorId":172295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Ted R.","contributorId":36510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feltz, Kevin 0000-0003-3928-0954 kfeltz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-0954","contributorId":100521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"Kevin","email":"kfeltz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kubiak, Timothy J.","contributorId":74447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016200,"text":"70016200 - 1990 - Relationships among macerals, minerals, miospores and paleoecology in a column of Redstone coal (Upper Pennsylvanian) from north-central West Virginia (U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T12:11:10.104738","indexId":"70016200","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships among macerals, minerals, miospores and paleoecology in a column of Redstone coal (Upper Pennsylvanian) from north-central West Virginia (U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"Two distinct paleoenvironments are represented in vertical succession in a column of Redstone coal in north-central West Virginia as indicated by a study of 37 consecutive 3-cm (0.1 ft) increments analyzed for ash yield, petrographic composition, low-temperature ash mineralogy and palynomorph abundances. Abundance profiles were constructed for ash, 12 petrographic components, 3 minerals and 5 miospore assemblages. The profiles and calculated correlation coefficients show close relationships between several constituents. Components that increased in abundance upward in the coal bed were a collinite type > 50 microns in thickness, cutinite, and miospores affiliated with calamites, herbaceous lycopods, cordaites and herbaceous ferns. Components that decreased in abundance upward were a collinite type < 50 microns in thickness, inertodetrinite, tree fern miospores, quartz, illite and ash yield. Components were correlated with ash yield to infer the swamp geochemical conditions that contributed to the low-ash (7%) upper one-third of the coal bed and the higher-ash (16%) lower two-thirds of the coal bed. Components that correlate positively with increased ash were the collinite type < 50 μm thickness, inertodetrinite, tree fern miospores, illite and quartz. Components that correlate negatively with increased ash were the collinite type > 50 μm in thickness, cutinite, calamite and cordaite miospores and kaolinite. Significant correlations occurred between ash yield and the collinite types > 50 and < 50 μm in thickness but no significant correlation was found between ash yield and total vitrinite-group content. This is interpreted to show that division of vitrinite macerals by size is important in petrographic paleoenvironmental studies. Paleoecologic interpretations based upon these correlations suggest that two distinct, planar, probably topogenous paleoecologic environments are represented in this column of the Redstone coal. The lower two-thirds of the coal bed was interpreted to have accumulated in a planar swamp in which significant introduction of detrital or dissolved mineral matter, and significant anaerobic and moderate oxidative degradation of the peat occurred. The flora of this paleoenvironment was dominated by tree ferns. The paleoenvironment during accumulation of the upper one-third of the coal bed was also interpreted to have been a planar swamp, but one in which moderate to low introduction of detrital or dissolved mineral matter, and minor anaerobic and oxidative degradation of the peat occurred. The dominant flora of this paleoenvironment consisted mainly of calamites with fewer cordaites and herbaceous ferns. This study shows that valuable paleoecologic information may be obtained by sampling closely spaced vertical increments. No mixing of detrital sediments with the peat was observed in coal layers immediately adjacent to the parting or the overlying sandstone unit.
From late 1984 to early 1985, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collected a total of 315 composite samples of whole fish from 109 stations nationwide, which were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc. Geometric mean, maximum, and 85th percentile concentrations (μg/g wet weight) for 1984 samples were as follows: arsenic-0.14, 1.5, 0.27; cadmium-0.03, 0.22, 0.05; copper-0.65, 23.1, 1.0; mercury-0.10, 0.37, 0.17; lead-0.11, 4.88, 0.22; selenium-0.42, 2.30, 0.73; and zinc-21.7, 118.4, 34.2. The mean concentrations of selenium and lead were significantly lower than in the previous NCBP collection (1980–81). Mean concentrations of arsenic and cadmium also declined significantly between 1976, when elemental contaminants in fish were first measured in the NCBP, and 1984. Of greatest significance, lead concentrations declined steadily from 1976 to 1984, suggesting that regulatory measures have successfully reduced the influx of lead to the aquatic environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01183991","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 1990, National contaminant biomonitoring program: concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc in U.S. Freshwater Fish, 1976–1984: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 19, no. 5, p. 731-747, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01183991.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"747","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a6545e4b07657d1a11e2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016205,"text":"70016205 - 1990 - Diagenesis associated with subaerial exposure of Miocene strata, southeastern Spain: Implications for sea-level change and preservation of low-temperature fluid inclusions in calcite cement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-11T16:41:45.081497","indexId":"70016205","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis associated with subaerial exposure of Miocene strata, southeastern Spain: Implications for sea-level change and preservation of low-temperature fluid inclusions in calcite cement","docAbstract":"Many ancient carbonate rocks contain calcite cements that precipitated from shallow, fresh groundwater that entered strata during events of subaerial exposure. Such low-temperature cementation may be difficult to interpret from fluid inclusion studies because some of the inclusions may reequilibrate during later thermal events. Miocene rocks of southeast Spain provide an example of the utility of fluid inclusion studies in rocks that have not been subjected to significant heating. In the Mesa Roldan area, one type of calcite cement occurs exclusively below a regional stratigraphic surface of enigmatic origin. The cement has petrographic characteristics indicative of cementation in the vadose zone (generally thought to be a zone of oxidation) but has cathodoluminescent bands containing reduced manganese and iron. Primary fluid inclusions contain mostly fresh water, have variable ratios of vapor to liquid, and are at one atmosphere of pressure. Our observations indicate that calcite precipitated from a freshwater vadose zone, which was subjected to local or repetitive saturation, and minor brackish water. The fluid inclusion data indicate that low-temperature fluid inclusions can be preserved in ancient sequences despite a later history of different pore fluids. This indication of subaerial diagenesis of distal slope deposits suggests a relative sea-level drop of at least 50–55 m during the Late Miocene. Similar petrographic and fluid inclusion observations can be used to interpret sea-level changes in other areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(90)90365-R","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, R., Franseen, E.K., and Mills, M.S., 1990, Diagenesis associated with subaerial exposure of Miocene strata, southeastern Spain: Implications for sea-level change and preservation of low-temperature fluid inclusions in calcite cement: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 3, p. 699-704, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90365-R.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"704","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0095e4b0c8380cd4f7da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franseen, E. K.","contributorId":30367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franseen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills, M. S.","contributorId":96279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015955,"text":"70015955 - 1990 - Comparison of structural and least-squares lines for estimating geologic relations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015955","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of structural and least-squares lines for estimating geologic relations","docAbstract":"Two different goals in fitting straight lines to data are to estimate a \"true\" linear relation (physical law) and to predict values of the dependent variable with the smallest possible error. Regarding the first goal, a Monte Carlo study indicated that the structural-analysis (SA) method of fitting straight lines to data is superior to the ordinary least-squares (OLS) method for estimating \"true\" straight-line relations. Number of data points, slope and intercept of the true relation, and variances of the errors associated with the independent (X) and dependent (Y) variables influence the degree of agreement. For example, differences between the two line-fitting methods decrease as error in X becomes small relative to error in Y. Regarding the second goal-predicting the dependent variable-OLS is better than SA. Again, the difference diminishes as X takes on less error relative to Y. With respect to estimation of slope and intercept and prediction of Y, agreement between Monte Carlo results and large-sample theory was very good for sample sizes of 100, and fair to good for sample sizes of 20. The procedures and error measures are illustrated with two geologic examples. ?? 1990 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00890122","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.P., and Troutman, B., 1990, Comparison of structural and least-squares lines for estimating geologic relations: Mathematical Geology, v. 22, no. 8, p. 1027-1049, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00890122.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1049","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00890122"},{"id":223035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f893e4b0c8380cd4d1c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, G. P.","contributorId":97472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016423,"text":"70016423 - 1990 - Solid-solution aqueous-solution equilibria: Thermodynamic theory and representation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-18T06:51:39","indexId":"70016423","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solid-solution aqueous-solution equilibria: Thermodynamic theory and representation","docAbstract":"Thorstenson and Plummer's (1977) \"stoichiometric saturation' model is reviewed, and a general relation between stoichiometric saturation Kss constants and excess free energies of mixing is derived for a binary solid-solution B1-xCxA: GE = RT[ln Kss - xln(xKCA) - (l-x)ln((l-x)KBA)]. This equation allows a suitable excess free energy function, such as Guggenheim's (1937) sub-regular function, to be fitted from experimentally determined Kss constants. Solid-phase free energies and component activity-coefficients can then be determined from one or two fitted parameters and from the endmember solubility products KBA and KCA. A general form of Lippmann's (1977,1980) \"solutus equation is derived from an examination of Lippmann's (1977,1980) \"total solubility product' model. Lippmann's II or \"total solubility product' variable is used to represent graphically not only thermodynamic equilibrium states and primary saturation states but also stoichiometric saturation and pure phase saturation states.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.290.2.164","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., and Reardon, E., 1990, Solid-solution aqueous-solution equilibria: Thermodynamic theory and representation: American Journal of Science, v. 290, no. 2, p. 164-201, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.290.2.164.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.290.2.164","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"290","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b923ae4b08c986b319d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reardon, E.J.","contributorId":47088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015925,"text":"70015925 - 1990 - Characterization of transport in an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream based on a lithium tracer injection and simulations of transient storage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:40:25","indexId":"70015925","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of transport in an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream based on a lithium tracer injection and simulations of transient storage","docAbstract":"Physical parameters characterizing solute transport in the Snake River (an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream near Montezuma, Colorado) were variable along a 5.2-km study reach. Stream cross-sectional area and volumetric inflow each varied by a factor of 3. Because of transient storage, the residence time of injected tracers in the Snake River was longer than would be calculated by consideration of convective travel time alone. Distributed inflows along the stream were a significant source of in-stream chemical variations. These transport characteristics of the Snake River were established on the basis of the assumption of lithium as an ideally conservative tracer and use of simulations of advection, dispersion, and transient storage. Evaluations of the validity of this combined tracer and simulation approach lend confidence to the estimation of the physical transport parameters, but further development is warranted for methods of onsite transport experimentation in hydrologically complex, chemically reactive environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i005p00989","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., McKnight, D.M., and Zellweger, G.W., 1990, Characterization of transport in an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream based on a lithium tracer injection and simulations of transient storage: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 5, p. 989-1000, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i005p00989.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"1000","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e8e4b0c8380cd4bfcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":372095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":372094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016419,"text":"70016419 - 1990 - Geology and origin of the late Proterozoic Darb Zubaydah ophiolite, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-27T12:10:07.614373","indexId":"70016419","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and origin of the late Proterozoic Darb Zubaydah ophiolite, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The Late Proterozoic (830 ± 20 Ma) Darb Zubaydah ophiolite, north-central Arabian Shield, preserves a largely intact section consisting of ultramafic rocks, gabbro, diabase, granodiorite, and interbedded volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Formation of these rocks within or near an island arc is indicated by the absence of pelagic sediments and the abundance of pillow basalt, turbiditic sediments, lahar deposits, and basaltic to rhyolitic tuff. The oldest extrusive rocks, which range from tholeiites with MORB characteristics to calc-alkaline andesites and rhyolites, formed in a young, relatively un-evolved island are or in a back-arc basin sufficiently close to an arc to receive calc-alkaline lava flows and coarse-grained, arc-derived detritus. tus. Overlying turbidites and lahar deposits of the Kaffan sandstone point to the initiation of a rifting event. High-Ti basalts, which erupted above the Kaffan sandstone, and related diabase are interpreted to be magmatic products of incipient intra-arc rifting. Renewed arc volcanism produced calc-alkaline volcanic rocks that interfingered with the high-Ti basalt and later dominated the section as the volcanic apron of the arc prograded basinward. Extrusion of voluminous calc-alkaline tuff may have been contemporaneous with intrusion of granodiorite and gravity-driven landsliding.
A study of the interior deposits of the central Valles Marineris has led to the discovery of a sequence of deposits that cover the chasma floors and range in thickness from that of thin dust to several kilometers. The emplacement of the deposits was the last major event in the history of the Valles Marineris, following deposition of older layered interior beds, warping, faulting, erosion, and landslide emplacement. The young deposits are of three major types: (1) dark patches typically occurring along faults; (2) light-colored deposits locally associated with craters; and (3) rugged, mottled deposits with, in places, light-colored lobate fronts. These young materials may be of volcanic origin, as suggested by the low albedo and spectrally gray colors of some, their association with faults and possible volcanic craters and calderas, and their embayment relations and lobate margins. No other mechanism explains all the observed features and relations as well as volcanism. If these deposits are volcanic, implications are that (1) volcanism was associated with rifting in the Valles Marineris, (2) the volcanism was explosive in places, and (3) the volcanism may be as young as the late Tharsis volcanism and, locally, may well be recent.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(90)90230-7","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., 1990, Young volcanic deposits in the Valles Marineris, Mars?: Icarus, v. 86, no. 2, p. 476-509, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(90)90230-7.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"509","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd24fe4b08c986b32f743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":372408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015959,"text":"70015959 - 1990 - Initial overview of the San Francisco Bay and Santa Cruz mountains ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70015959","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2804,"text":"NIST Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initial overview of the San Francisco Bay and Santa Cruz mountains ground motion","docAbstract":"The strong-motion accelerograms from the Loma Prieta earthquake are analyzed for their long-period content in order to obtain a clearer picture of the long-period wave propogation details. Shear waves having periods in the 3.5 to 4 sec, and 5 to 7 sec ranges travel across four groups of stations with satisfactory coherency. Displacement accuracies are of the order of 0.5 cm for most of this data, with signal amplitudes an order of magnitude higher than the noise. Resonances associated with shear waves of 1.5 sec period are responsible for about 3/4 of the differential displacement necessary to unseat the 15 m section of the Bay Bridge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"NIST Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 22nd Joint Meeting of the US-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects","conferenceDate":"15 May 1990 through 18 May 1990","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Brady, A.G., 1990, Initial overview of the San Francisco Bay and Santa Cruz mountains ground motion: NIST Special Publication, no. 796, p. 283-288.","startPage":"283","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"796","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3be5e4b0c8380cd628f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, A. Gerald","contributorId":85959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015957,"text":"70015957 - 1990 - Application of the DR3M watershed model on a small urban basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:16:57","indexId":"70015957","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the DR3M watershed model on a small urban basin","docAbstract":"Data collected at a 79-acre urban watershed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, were used to calibrate and verify the Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model, a parametric watershed model. Standard errors of estimate for the 38 calibration storms were 33 percent and 38 percent, respectively, for volumes and peaks; and for the 46 verification storms were 29 percent and 37 percent, respectively, for volumes and peaks. Correlation coefficients for peaks were 0.8 and 0.95, respectively, for calibration and verification storms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01410.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Thomas, R.P., 1990, Application of the DR3M watershed model on a small urban basin: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 26, no. 5, p. 757-766, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01410.x.","startPage":"757","endPage":"766","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267738,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01410.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecb3e4b0c8380cd49431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Richard P.","contributorId":88740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016304,"text":"70016304 - 1990 - Hydrocarbon-water interactions during brine migration: Evidence from hydrocarbon inclusions in calcite cements from Danish North Sea oil fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-11T16:43:25.05466","indexId":"70016304","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrocarbon-water interactions during brine migration: Evidence from hydrocarbon inclusions in calcite cements from Danish North Sea oil fields","docAbstract":"Crude oils in primary and secondary fluid inclusions in calcite from fractures in seven offshore oil fields associated with diapiric salt structures in the Danish sector of the North Sea were analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography and compared with crude oils produced from the same reservoirs. Oils from fluid inclusions in all fields show evidence of biodegradation (decreased n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane ratios and loss of n-C7, 2-methyl hexane, and 3-methyl hexane relative to methyl cyclohexane) and water washing (absence of benzene and depletion of toluene). Some oils in inclusions are extremely enriched in C6 and C7 cyclic alkanes suggesting that these samples contain hydrocarbons exsolved from ascending, hotter formation waters. Compared to inclusion oils the produced oils are less biodegraded, but are water washed, indicating that both types of oil interacted with large volumes of formation water. The carbon isotopic composition of the calcite host of the fluid inclusions in the Dagmar and Skjold fields is as light as −16.5%. PDB and the sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite in and adjacent to the calcite veins in the Skjold field is as light as −39.6%. CDT, indicating that biodegradation of the oils was a source of some of the carbon in the calcite and sulfate reduction was the source of sulfur for the pyrite. The evidence for microbial degradation of petroleum is consistent with present-day reservoir temperatures (65°–96°C) but is not consistent with previous estimates of the temperatures of calcite vein filling (95°–130°C) which are much higher than the temperatures of known occurrences of biodegraded oil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(90)90366-S","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Jensenius, J., and Burruss, R., 1990, Hydrocarbon-water interactions during brine migration: Evidence from hydrocarbon inclusions in calcite cements from Danish North Sea oil fields: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 3, p. 705-713, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90366-S.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"713","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3325e4b0c8380cd5ed7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jensenius, J.","contributorId":42359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensenius","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016254,"text":"70016254 - 1990 - Postglacial response of a stream in central Iowa to changes in climate and Drainage basin factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T14:56:36","indexId":"70016254","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postglacial response of a stream in central Iowa to changes in climate and Drainage basin factors","docAbstract":"Postglacial geomorphic development of the Buchanan Drainage, a small tributary to the South Skunk River, is reconstructed by documenting relationships among four allostratigraphic units and 17 radiocarbon dates. Formation and headward expansion of the valley was both episodic and time-transgressive. Response to downstream conditions in the South Skunk River largely controlled the early formation of the basin. Downcutting through Pleistocene deposits produced a gravelly lag deposit that was buried by alluvium in the downstream portion of the valley during the early Holocene (10,500-7700 yr B.P.). Lag deposits formed in a similar manner continued to develop in the upper portion of the drainageway into the late Holocene (3000-2000 yr B.P.). Episodes of aggradation during the middle Holocene (7700-6300 yr B.P.) and late Holocene (3000-2000 yr B.P.) were separated by a period of soil formation. Holocene geomorphic events in the drainageway coincide with some vegetational and climatic changes as documented in upland pollen sequences from central Iowa. Analysis of plant macrofossil assemblages recovered from alluvium indicates that during the middle Holocene forest contracted and prairie expanded into the uplands within the basin. Vegetational changes within the basin apparently had only minor influence on rates of hillslope erosion, and the widely accepted relationship between prairie (versus forest) vegetative cover and increased rates of hillslope erosion did not hold. Instead, greater amounts of erosion occurred under forested conditions when local water tables were higher and seepage erosion was more effective. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(90)90085-Y","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Van Nest, J., and Bettis, E., 1990, Postglacial response of a stream in central Iowa to changes in climate and Drainage basin factors: Quaternary Research, v. 33, no. 1, p. 73-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90085-Y.","startPage":"73","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266504,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90085-Y"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e8be4b0c8380cd7a5db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Nest, J.","contributorId":45839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Nest","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015926,"text":"70015926 - 1990 - Fluorian garnets from the host rocks of the Skaergaard intrusion: implications for metamorphic fluid composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015926","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluorian garnets from the host rocks of the Skaergaard intrusion: implications for metamorphic fluid composition","docAbstract":"Zoned, silica-deficient, calcic garnets containing up to 5 mol% F substitution for O formed during contact metamorphism of basalts by the Skaergaard intrusion in East Greenland. Fluorian calcic garnets occur as a retrograde alteration of prograde wollastonite and clinopyroxene that fills vesicles and vugs in lavas 30-70 m from the intrusion. The F content of garnet is extremely sensitive to minor changes in fluid composition. The calculations show that a decrease in pH or an increase in log aF- of 0.3 at constant pressure and temperature will decrease the F concentration in garnet from 5 to 0 mol%. The results of this study show that fluorian hydrous grandites provide a mineralogical record of the activities of F species in coexisting metamorphic and hydrothermal fluids. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Manning, C.E., and Bird, D., 1990, Fluorian garnets from the host rocks of the Skaergaard intrusion: implications for metamorphic fluid composition: American Mineralogist, v. 75, no. 7-8, p. 859-873.","startPage":"859","endPage":"873","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1286e4b0c8380cd54339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, C. E.","contributorId":16987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, D.K.","contributorId":24934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}