Paleomagnetic results from Cenozoic (62–12 Ma) volcanic rocks of the Cascade arc and adjacent areas indicate that moderate to large clockwise rotations are an important component of the tectonic history of the arc. Two mechanisms of rotation are suggested by the regional pattern of paleomagnetic rotations. The progressive increase in rotation toward the coast in arc and forearc rocks results from distributed dextral shear, which is likely driven by oblique subduction of oceanic plates to the west. Simple shear rotation is accommodated in the upper crust by strike-slip faulting. The right-lateral Mount St. Helens seismic zone may be an active manifestation of this process. Dextral shear probably obscures a subequal contribution to arc and forearc rotation that is driven by intraarc or backarc extension. This rotation is suggested by the average southward increase in continental margin rotations into the region outboard of the Basin and Range. The southward increase in rotation parallels a change in the arc tectonic regime from largely compressional in northern Washington to extensional in Oregon. Concomitant with this change is a southward increase in the volume of eruptive rocks and the number of basaltic vents in the arc. A progressive eastward shift of the arc volcanic front with time in the rotated arc terrane is the result of the westward pivoting of the arc block in front of a zone of extension since Eocene time. Westward migration of bimodal Basin and Range volcanism since at least 16 Ma is tracking westward rotation of the frontal arc block and growth of the Basin and Range in its wake.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB12p19409","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., 1990, Paleomagnetic rotations and the Cenozoic tectonics of the Cascade Arc, Washington, Oregon, and California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B12, p. 19409-19417, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p19409.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"19409","endPage":"19417","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7417e4b0c8380cd77428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016041,"text":"70016041 - 1990 - Young volcanic deposits in the Valles Marineris, Mars?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T11:56:23","indexId":"70016041","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Young volcanic deposits in the Valles Marineris, Mars?","docAbstract":"A study of the interior deposits of the central Valles Marineris has led to the discovery of a sequence of deposits that cover the chasma floors and range in thickness from that of thin dust to several kilometers. The emplacement of the deposits was the last major event in the history of the Valles Marineris, following deposition of older layered interior beds, warping, faulting, erosion, and landslide emplacement. The young deposits are of three major types: (1) dark patches typically occurring along faults; (2) light-colored deposits locally associated with craters; and (3) rugged, mottled deposits with, in places, light-colored lobate fronts. These young materials may be of volcanic origin, as suggested by the low albedo and spectrally gray colors of some, their association with faults and possible volcanic craters and calderas, and their embayment relations and lobate margins. No other mechanism explains all the observed features and relations as well as volcanism. If these deposits are volcanic, implications are that (1) volcanism was associated with rifting in the Valles Marineris, (2) the volcanism was explosive in places, and (3) the volcanism may be as young as the late Tharsis volcanism and, locally, may well be recent.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(90)90230-7","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., 1990, Young volcanic deposits in the Valles Marineris, Mars?: Icarus, v. 86, no. 2, p. 476-509, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(90)90230-7.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"509","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd24fe4b08c986b32f743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":372408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015939,"text":"70015939 - 1990 - Bottom-boundary-layer measurements on the continental shelf off the Ebro River, Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-26T11:12:00.549789","indexId":"70015939","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bottom-boundary-layer measurements on the continental shelf off the Ebro River, Spain","docAbstract":"Physical parameters characterizing solute transport in the Snake River (an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream near Montezuma, Colorado) were variable along a 5.2-km study reach. Stream cross-sectional area and volumetric inflow each varied by a factor of 3. Because of transient storage, the residence time of injected tracers in the Snake River was longer than would be calculated by consideration of convective travel time alone. Distributed inflows along the stream were a significant source of in-stream chemical variations. These transport characteristics of the Snake River were established on the basis of the assumption of lithium as an ideally conservative tracer and use of simulations of advection, dispersion, and transient storage. Evaluations of the validity of this combined tracer and simulation approach lend confidence to the estimation of the physical transport parameters, but further development is warranted for methods of onsite transport experimentation in hydrologically complex, chemically reactive environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i005p00989","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., McKnight, D.M., and Zellweger, G.W., 1990, Characterization of transport in an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream based on a lithium tracer injection and simulations of transient storage: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 5, p. 989-1000, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i005p00989.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"1000","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e8e4b0c8380cd4bfcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":372095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":372094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016070,"text":"70016070 - 1990 - Comparison of Darcian flow in corresponding flat and folded surfaces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:38:05","indexId":"70016070","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of Darcian flow in corresponding flat and folded surfaces","docAbstract":"Folds of aquifers are rarely accounted for in models of groundwater flow. To account for aquifer folds in groundwater flow models, the equation describing Darcian flow in a general surface is derived. The equation is used to calculate steady state hydraulic head distributions for corresponding folded and flat surfaces. Each flat surface has the same hydraulic conductivity distribution and boundary condition as the corresponding folded surface. The folded surfaces have folds similar to the folds of selected aquifers and have folds that have much larger changes in slope. The largest difference in hydraulic head caused by all folding is only about 0.5% of the largest difference in hydraulic head across each surface. Because of the smaller areal extent and the fact that the effect of a sequence of folds is not cumulative, the minor folds do not generate substantially larger hydraulic head differences than the major folds.
Degree of pyritization (DOP) is a measure of the ratio pyrite iron/(pyrite iron + reactive iron) that can be related to the depositional environment of a sediment. Several methods of DOP determination have been used but not systematically evaluated. The determination/extraction of reactive (usually acid soluble) iron is critical to the DOP determination, and the method generally used is reaction of the sample for 1 to 2 min with hot 12 N HCl. We present results for timed experiments with 1 N, 6 N, and 12 N HCl on three different samples. We also show that a 24 h room temperature treatment with 1 N HCl is equivalent to the 24 h treatment with Na-dithionite. Experiments with several suites of samples show that all three of these methods leach comparable amounts of iron; therefore, the DOP values are similar. However, the 1 N HCl, 24 h procedure is preferable because laboratory handling is less and easier.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(90)90249-K","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Leventhal, J., and Taylor, C., 1990, Comparison of methods to determine degree of pyritization: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 9, p. 2621-2625, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90249-K.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2621","endPage":"2625","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f876e4b0c8380cd4d109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leventhal, J.","contributorId":16583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leventhal","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, C.","contributorId":73958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015774,"text":"70015774 - 1990 - Gabbroic xenoliths from the northern Gorda Ridge: Implications for magma chamber processes under slow spreading centers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T21:54:32.149565","indexId":"70015774","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gabbroic xenoliths from the northern Gorda Ridge: Implications for magma chamber processes under slow spreading centers","docAbstract":"Abundant gabbroic xenoliths in porphyritic pillow basalt were dredged from the northern Gorda Ridge. The host lava is a moderately fractionated, normal mid-ocean ridge basalt with a heterogeneous glass rind (Mg numbers 56-60). Other lavas in the vicinity range from near primary (Mg number 69) to fractionated (Mg number 56). On the basis of textures and mineral compositions, the xenoliths are divided into five types. The xenoliths are not cognate to the host lava, but they are genetically related. Chemistry of mineral phases in conjunction with textural features suggests that the xenoliths formed in different parts of a convecting magma chamber that underwent a period of closed system fractionation. The chamber was filled with a large proportion of crystalline mush when new, more primitive, and less dense magma was injected and mixed incompletely with the contents in the chamber, forming the hybrid host lava. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB07p10885","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Davis, A.S., and Clague, D., 1990, Gabbroic xenoliths from the northern Gorda Ridge: Implications for magma chamber processes under slow spreading centers: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B7, p. 10885-10905, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB07p10885.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"10885","endPage":"10905","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224442,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14a2e4b0c8380cd54ace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, A. S.","contributorId":41424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015773,"text":"70015773 - 1990 - Response of the water level in a well to Earth tides and atmospheric loading under unconfined conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:42:46","indexId":"70015773","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of the water level in a well to Earth tides and atmospheric loading under unconfined conditions","docAbstract":"The response of the water level in a well to Earth tides and atmospheric loading under unconfined conditions can be explained if the water level is controlled by the aquifer response averaged over the saturated depth of the well. Because vertical averaging tends to diminish the influence of the water table, the response is qualitatively similar to the response of a well under partially confined conditions. When the influence of well bore storage can be ignored, the response to Earth tides is strongly governed by a dimensionless aquifer frequency Q′u. The response to atmospheric loading is strongly governed by two dimensionless vertical fluid flow parameters: a dimensionless unsaturated zone frequency, R, and a dimensionless aquifer frequency Qu. The differences between Q′u and Qu are generally small for aquifers which are highly sensitive to Earth tides. When Q′u and Qu are large, the response of the well to Earth tides and atmospheric loading approaches the static response of the aquifer under confined conditions. At small values of Q′u and Qu, well response to Earth tides and atmospheric loading is strongly influenced by water table drainage. When R is large relative to Qu, the response to atmospheric loading is strongly influenced by attenuation and phase shift of the pneumatic pressure signal in the unsaturated zone. The presence of partial penetration retards phase advance in well response to Earth tides and atmospheric loading. When the theoretical response of a phreatic well to Earth tides and atmospheric loading is fit to the well response inferred from cross-spectral estimation, it is possible to obtain estimates of the pneumatic diffusivity of the unsaturated zone and the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i008p01803","usgsCitation":"Rojstaczer, S., and Riley, F.S., 1990, Response of the water level in a well to Earth tides and atmospheric loading under unconfined conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 8, p. 1803-1817, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i008p01803.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1803","endPage":"1817","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa77e4b0c8380cd86358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rojstaczer, Stuart","contributorId":102101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rojstaczer","given":"Stuart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riley, Francis S.","contributorId":93028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016079,"text":"70016079 - 1990 - An evaluation of the accuracy of geomagnetic data obtained from an unattended, automated, quasi-absolute station","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T09:35:53","indexId":"70016079","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the accuracy of geomagnetic data obtained from an unattended, automated, quasi-absolute station","docAbstract":"A comparison is made of geomagnetic calibration data obtained from a high-sensitivity proton magnetometer enclosed within an orthogonal bias coil system, with data obtained from standard procedures at a mid-latitude U.S. Geological Survey magnetic observatory using a quartz horizontal magnetometer, a Ruska magnetometer, and a total field magnetometer. The orthogonal coil arrangement is used with the proton magnetometer to provide Deflected-Inclination-Deflected-Declination (DIDD) data from which quasi-absolute values of declination, horizontal intensity, and vertical intensity can be derived. Vector magnetometers provide the ordinate values to yield baseline calibrations for both the DIDD and standard observatory processes. Results obtained from a prototype system over a period of several months indicate that the DIDD unit can furnish adequate absolute field values for maintaining observatory calibration data, thus providing baseline control for unattended, remote stations. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(90)90216-K","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Herzog, D., 1990, An evaluation of the accuracy of geomagnetic data obtained from an unattended, automated, quasi-absolute station: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 112-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90216-K.","startPage":"112","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267315,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90216-K"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea54e4b0c8380cd487b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herzog, D.C.","contributorId":46696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016081,"text":"70016081 - 1990 - A tomographic glimpse of the upper mantle source of magmas of the Jemez lineament, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:37:00.686039","indexId":"70016081","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tomographic glimpse of the upper mantle source of magmas of the Jemez lineament, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The 800-km-long Jemez lineament is the most active volcanic feature in the southwestern United States. It is the southeastern tectonic boundary of the Colorado Plateau and crosses the Rio Grande rift at the Jemez Mountains. The primary volcanism of the lineament is basaltic and has occurred in the last 4.5 m.y. To infer spatial distributions of partial melt in the upper mantle source zones for the Rio Grande rift and the Jemez lineament, we investigated the lateral variations of P wave velocity in the upper mantle beneath these features. We used teleseismic P wave delays recorded at a 22-station network to perform a damped least squares, three-dimensional inversion for these lateral variations. Our technique employed velocity interpolation within a three-dimensional grid of points, rather than using blocks of constant P wave velocity. This method allows highly realistic computation of seismic ray paths as well as accurate computation of the matrix elements in our system of equations. Determinations of resolution of results were done in two independent ways, both of which gave consistent estimates of resolution. In our best resolved volume the inversion showed no significant concentration of relative low velocity for P waves beneath the Rio Grande rift. However, directly beneath the Jemez lineament there is a ∼100-km-wide, 1–2% low-velocity feature in the depth range of 50–160 km. Because of the association of the low P wave velocity with the Jemez volcanic lineament but not with the Rio Grande rift, because lowered P wave velocity can be associated with increased partial melt, and because the volume of recent volcanism at the lineament greatly exceeds that at the rift, we infer that a large magmatic source zone exists beneath the Jemez lineament but not beneath the Rio Grande rift. This implies that the volcanic potential of the Jemez lineaments continues to greatly exceed that of the Rio Grande rift. The mantle source zones for volcanics of the Jemez lineament are not overridden by, but rather track, the motion of the North American plate; this implies that these sources are within the lithospheric plate, as is clarified in the discussion. The magmatic source zones of the Jemez lineament are modeled as due to clockwise rotation of the Colorado Plateau about a pole in northeastern Colorado. This rotation caused extension of the lithosphere beneath the Jemez lineament, permitting concentration there of partially melted rock in the upper mantle.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB07p10829","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Spence, W., and Gross, R., 1990, A tomographic glimpse of the upper mantle source of magmas of the Jemez lineament, New Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B7, p. 10829-10849, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB07p10829.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"10829","endPage":"10849","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5ffe4b0c8380cd470b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spence, W.","contributorId":7721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, R.S.","contributorId":59181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016391,"text":"70016391 - 1990 - Volcanism, isostatic residual gravity and regional tectonic setting of the Cascade volcanic province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T15:34:31.657556","indexId":"70016391","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanism, isostatic residual gravity and regional tectonic setting of the Cascade volcanic province","docAbstract":"A technique to locate automatically boundaries between crustal blocks of disparate densities was applied to upward continued isostatic residual gravity data. The boundary analysis delineates a narrow gravitational trough that extends the length of the Pliocene and Quaternary volcanic arc from Mount Baker in northern Washington to Lassen Peak in California. Gravitational highs interrupt the trough at two localities: a northwest trending high in southern Washington and a northeast trending high between Mount Shasta and Lassen Peak. The latter anomaly is one of a set of northeast trending anomalies that, within the Quaternary arc, appear related to volcanic segmentation proposed previously on the basis of spatial and compositional distributions of volcanoes. These northeast trending anomalies extend hundreds of kilometers northeast of the arc, are caused by sources in the upper crust, and in some cases are related to exposed pre-Tertiary rocks. Segmentation models invoke geometric characteristics of the subducting plate as the primary factor controlling location and chemistry of volcanism, and these northeast trending gravity sources also may be a product of disturbance of the upper crust by the subduction process. More likely, the gravity sources may reflect upper crustal structures older than the High Cascades, possibly relicts from earlier accretionary events or more recent crustal deformation, that have actively influenced the spatial location of more recent volcanism. Much of the Pliocene and Quaternary volcanism of the Cascade arc has concentrated on or near contacts between crustal blocks of disparate density. These contacts may promote the ascension of magma to the Earth's surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB12p19439","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., and Jachens, R., 1990, Volcanism, isostatic residual gravity and regional tectonic setting of the Cascade volcanic province: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B12, p. 19439-19451, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p19439.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"19439","endPage":"19451","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc323e4b08c986b32af96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016082,"text":"70016082 - 1990 - Source parameters for small events associated with the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake determined using empirical Green functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T11:16:19.842836","indexId":"70016082","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source parameters for small events associated with the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake determined using empirical Green functions","docAbstract":"Using small events as empirical Green functions, which include path, site, and instrument effects on the P waveforms, source parameters were estimated for 25 ML 3.4 to 4.4 events associated with the 1986 North Palm Springs earthquake. The static stress drops ranged from 3 to 80 bars, for moments of 0.7 to 11 × 1021 dyne-cm. There was a spatial pattern to the stress drops of the aftershocks which showed increasing values along the fault plane toward the northwest compared to relatively low values near the hypocenter of the mainshock. The highest values were outside the main area of slip, and are believed to reflect a loaded area of the fault that still has an higher level of stress which was not released during the main shock. The relatively high stress drop of a preshock in 1983, located close to the hypocenter of the main shock, is also interpreted as evidence that stress drops of magnitude 3 and 4 events can be used as indicators of the stress level in a particular area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0800020278","usgsCitation":"Mori, J., and Frankel, A., 1990, Source parameters for small events associated with the 1986 North Palm Springs, California, earthquake determined using empirical Green functions: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 80, no. 2, p. 278-295, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0800020278.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"278","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422105,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/80/2/278/102426/Source-parameters-for-small-events-associated-with"},{"id":222778,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palm Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.85471417420094,\n 34.06843121773993\n ],\n [\n -116.85471417420094,\n 33.61674977698408\n ],\n [\n -116.29715802185716,\n 33.61674977698408\n ],\n [\n -116.29715802185716,\n 34.06843121773993\n ],\n [\n -116.85471417420094,\n 34.06843121773993\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9336e4b08c986b31a380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mori, J.","contributorId":24923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016029,"text":"70016029 - 1990 - Paleoclimatic implications of the high stand of Lake Lahontan derived from models of evaporation and lake level","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016029","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1248,"text":"Climate Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoclimatic implications of the high stand of Lake Lahontan derived from models of evaporation and lake level","docAbstract":"Based on previous climate model simulations of a split of the polar jet stream during the late Pleistocene, we hypothesize that (1) 20-13.5 ka BP, season-to-season variation in the latitudinal maximum of the jet stream core led to enhanced wetness in the Great Basin, and (2) after 13.5 ka BP, northward movement of the jet stream resulted in increased aridity similar to today. We suggest that the enhanced effective wetness was due to increased precipitation combined with an energy-limited reduction in evaporation rates that was caused by increased summer cloud cover. A physically based thermal evaporation model was used to simulate evaporation for Lake Lahontan under various hypothesized paleoclimates. The simulated evaporation rates, together with hypothetical rates of precipitation and discharge, were input to a water balance model of Lake Lahontan. A 42% reduction in evaporation rate, combined with maximum historical rates of precipitation (1.8 times the mean annual rate) and discharge (2.4 times the mean annual rate), were sufficient to maintain Lake Lahontan at its 20-15 ka BP level. When discharge was increased to 3.8 times the present-day, mean annual rate, the ??? 13.5 ka BP maximum level of Lake Lahontan was attained within 1400 years. A 135-m drop from the maximum level to Holocene levels was simulated within 300 years under the imposition of the present-day hydrologic balance. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00209522","issn":"09307575","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S., and Benson, L.V., 1990, Paleoclimatic implications of the high stand of Lake Lahontan derived from models of evaporation and lake level: Climate Dynamics, v. 4, no. 3, p. 207-217, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209522.","startPage":"207","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205306,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209522"},{"id":222829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73cae4b0c8380cd7724c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":30336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015946,"text":"70015946 - 1990 - Insular and submarine ferromanganese mineralization of the Tonga-Lau region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015946","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2674,"text":"Marine Mining","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insular and submarine ferromanganese mineralization of the Tonga-Lau region","docAbstract":"Ferromanganese oxides in the Tonga-Lau region are divided into crusts and stratabound deposits. Crusts were collected from the Tonga and Lau Ridges and have Fe/Mn ratios greater than 1, and an average Co content of 0.25%. The crusts average less than 10 mm thick with a maximum of 50 mm, and growth rates of tens of millimeters per million years. The thickest crust is probably less than a million years old. Crusts formed by both hydrogenetic and hydrothermal precipitation, with the hydrothermal input averaging 76%. Stratabound deposits are divided into three types. The source rocks through which the circulating fluids passed controlled the dominant minor element compositions of the stratabound deposits from each area: Valu Fa Ridge, Mo; Tonga Ridge Ti; Tonumea, Sr and Eua, V. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Mining","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01490397","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Schulz, M.S., and Kang, J., 1990, Insular and submarine ferromanganese mineralization of the Tonga-Lau region: Marine Mining, v. 9, no. 3, p. 305-354.","startPage":"305","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c51e4b0c8380cd62c4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, M. S.","contributorId":7299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kang, Jung-Keuk","contributorId":67660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kang","given":"Jung-Keuk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016205,"text":"70016205 - 1990 - Diagenesis associated with subaerial exposure of Miocene strata, southeastern Spain: Implications for sea-level change and preservation of low-temperature fluid inclusions in calcite cement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-11T16:41:45.081497","indexId":"70016205","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis associated with subaerial exposure of Miocene strata, southeastern Spain: Implications for sea-level change and preservation of low-temperature fluid inclusions in calcite cement","docAbstract":"Many ancient carbonate rocks contain calcite cements that precipitated from shallow, fresh groundwater that entered strata during events of subaerial exposure. Such low-temperature cementation may be difficult to interpret from fluid inclusion studies because some of the inclusions may reequilibrate during later thermal events. Miocene rocks of southeast Spain provide an example of the utility of fluid inclusion studies in rocks that have not been subjected to significant heating. In the Mesa Roldan area, one type of calcite cement occurs exclusively below a regional stratigraphic surface of enigmatic origin. The cement has petrographic characteristics indicative of cementation in the vadose zone (generally thought to be a zone of oxidation) but has cathodoluminescent bands containing reduced manganese and iron. Primary fluid inclusions contain mostly fresh water, have variable ratios of vapor to liquid, and are at one atmosphere of pressure. Our observations indicate that calcite precipitated from a freshwater vadose zone, which was subjected to local or repetitive saturation, and minor brackish water. The fluid inclusion data indicate that low-temperature fluid inclusions can be preserved in ancient sequences despite a later history of different pore fluids. This indication of subaerial diagenesis of distal slope deposits suggests a relative sea-level drop of at least 50–55 m during the Late Miocene. Similar petrographic and fluid inclusion observations can be used to interpret sea-level changes in other areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(90)90365-R","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, R., Franseen, E.K., and Mills, M.S., 1990, Diagenesis associated with subaerial exposure of Miocene strata, southeastern Spain: Implications for sea-level change and preservation of low-temperature fluid inclusions in calcite cement: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 3, p. 699-704, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90365-R.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"704","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0095e4b0c8380cd4f7da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franseen, E. K.","contributorId":30367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franseen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mills, M. S.","contributorId":96279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016025,"text":"70016025 - 1990 - UPb ages of zircon rims: A new analytical method using the air-abrasion technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T00:57:47.88159","indexId":"70016025","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1214,"text":"Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"UPb ages of zircon rims: A new analytical method using the air-abrasion technique","docAbstract":"We present a new technique for directly dating, by conventional techniques, the rims of zircons. Several circumstances, such as a xenocrystic or inherited component in igneous zircon and metamorphic overgrowths on igneous cores, can result in grains with physically distinct age components. Pneumatic abrasion has been previously shown by Krogh to remove overgrowths and damaged areas of zircon, leaving more resistant and isotopically less disturbed parts available for analysis. A new abrader design, which is capable of very gently grinding only tips and interfacial edges of even needle-like grains, permits easy collection of abraded material for dating.
Five examples demonstrate the utility of the “dust-collecting” technique, including two studies that compare conventional, ion microprobe and abrader data. Common Pb may be strongly concentrated in the outermost zones of many zircons and this Pb is not easily removed by leaching (even in weak HF). Thus, the benefit of removing only the outermost zones (and avoiding mixing of age components) is somewhat compromised by the much higher common Pb contents which result in less precise age determinations. A very brief abrasion to remove the high common Pb zones prior to collection of material for dating is selected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-9622(90)90015-5","issn":"01689622","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Winegarden, D., and Walters, M., 1990, UPb ages of zircon rims: A new analytical method using the air-abrasion technique: Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section, v. 80, no. 4, p. 351-363, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(90)90015-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"363","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb41e4b08c986b3285cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winegarden, D.L.","contributorId":6194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winegarden","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, M.","contributorId":105056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walters","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":47618,"text":"Retired Calpine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":372373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016024,"text":"70016024 - 1990 - Radium and radon in Charlotte Harbor Estuary, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T15:54:30.575179","indexId":"70016024","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radium and radon in Charlotte Harbor Estuary, Florida","docAbstract":"Radium-226 and 222Rn activities are greater in the estuarine waters of northern Charlotte Harbor and the lower tidal Peace and Myakka Rivers, Florida, than in either the freshwater reaches of the rivers or waters of the lower estuary and the Gulf of Mexico. The activity of 226Ra in the tidal rivers increases with decreasing river inflow, with a maximum value of 548 dpm 1001−1 measured in the tidal Myakka River. The source of the high activity of 226Ra and 222Rn is predominantly ground water inflow. Because of the large ground water input, the contribution of 226Ra from suspended and bottom sediments is a smaller fraction of the total 226Ra input than in many other estuaries. Although ground water 226Ra activity in the area varies widely, we estimate that artesian ground water inflow to the tidal rivers is similar in magnitude to the flow of the rivers above the tidal reach during the dry season.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(90)90037-R","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., Kraemer, T.F., and McPherson, B.F., 1990, Radium and radon in Charlotte Harbor Estuary, Florida: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 31, no. 4, p. 439-457, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(90)90037-R.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"457","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Charlotte Harbor Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.19774043533315,\n 26.80812762769952\n ],\n [\n -82.27165183615983,\n 26.690477760512806\n ],\n [\n -82.1848847846222,\n 26.466904775860627\n ],\n [\n -82.08780877646603,\n 26.406903934019837\n ],\n [\n -81.93489258662748,\n 26.44844630618998\n ],\n [\n -81.71242937865895,\n 26.626036709931938\n ],\n [\n -81.36278393335351,\n 26.662893557818762\n ],\n [\n -81.04148811874879,\n 26.778761396255746\n ],\n [\n -81.1153689745133,\n 26.974929489673798\n ],\n [\n -81.32240718659834,\n 26.959616124067693\n ],\n [\n -81.43030195326705,\n 27.030237597496892\n ],\n [\n -81.47792313739073,\n 27.16560359920203\n ],\n [\n -81.48296213522812,\n 27.304943197712433\n ],\n [\n -81.50001557001633,\n 27.48119132263278\n ],\n [\n -81.57632014714761,\n 27.692707052973446\n ],\n [\n -81.62155701574075,\n 27.931771989176312\n ],\n [\n -81.86099798558715,\n 27.932160344117605\n ],\n [\n -82.0746537544436,\n 27.93617063819012\n ],\n [\n -82.05330492106481,\n 27.584601419730205\n ],\n [\n -82.09847702561096,\n 27.40912095406624\n ],\n [\n -82.1672034030666,\n 27.321169799627185\n ],\n [\n -82.18712843347923,\n 27.24259952846063\n ],\n [\n -82.33312858939593,\n 27.14090893654928\n ],\n [\n -82.26818497222499,\n 26.900866079021284\n ],\n [\n -82.19774043533315,\n 26.80812762769952\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9425e4b0c8380cd81226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, B. F.","contributorId":62983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016023,"text":"70016023 - 1990 - Organic tissues, graphite, and hydrocarbons in host rocks of the Rum Jungle Uranium Field, northern Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-20T15:48:33.869732","indexId":"70016023","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic tissues, graphite, and hydrocarbons in host rocks of the Rum Jungle Uranium Field, northern Australia","docAbstract":"The Rum Jungle Uranium field consists of at least six early Proterozoic deposits that have been mined either for uranium and/or the associated base and precious metals. Organic matter in the host rocks of the Whites Formation and Coomalie Dolomite is now predominantly graphite, consistent with the metamorphic history of these rocks. For nine samples, the mean total organic carbon content is high (3.9 wt%) and ranged from 0.33 to 10.44 wt%. Palynological extracts from the host rocks include black, filamentous, stellate (Eoastrion-like), and spherical morphotypes, which are typical of early Proterozoic microbiota. The colour, abundance, and shapes of these morphotypes reflect the thermal history, organic richness, and probable lacustrine biofacies of the host rocks.
Routine analysis of rock thin sections and of palynological residues shows that mineral grains in some of the host rocks are coated with graphitized organic matter. The grain coating is presumed to result from ultimate thermal degradation of a petroleum phase that existed prior to metamorphism. Hydrocarbons are, however, still present in fluid inclusions within carbonates of the Coomalie Dolomite and lower Whites Formation. The fluid inclusions fluoresce dull orange in blue-light excitation and their hydrocarbon content is confirmed by gas chromatography of whole-rock extracts. Preliminary analysis of the oil suggests that it is migrated, and because it has escaped graphitization through metamorphism it is probably not of early Proterozoic age. The presence of live oil is consistent with fluid inclusion data that suggest subsequent, low-temperature brine migration through the rocks. The present observations support earlier suggestions that organic matter in the host formations trapped uranium to form protore. Subsequent fluid migrations probably brought additional uranium and other metals to these formations, and the organic matter provided a reducing environment for entrapment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-1368(90)90050-W","usgsCitation":"Foster, C., Robbins, E.I., and Bone, Y., 1990, Organic tissues, graphite, and hydrocarbons in host rocks of the Rum Jungle Uranium Field, northern Australia: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 5, no. 5-6, p. 509-523, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(90)90050-W.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"523","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"Rum Jungle Uranium Field, northern Australia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 130.30709713453763,\n -12.455917586607256\n ],\n [\n 130.30709713453763,\n -13.212658674668077\n ],\n [\n 131.12759670742594,\n -13.212658674668077\n ],\n [\n 131.12759670742594,\n -12.455917586607256\n ],\n [\n 130.30709713453763,\n -12.455917586607256\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fdfe4b0c8380cd75cff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, C.B.","contributorId":21693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, E. I.","contributorId":101269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bone, Y.","contributorId":82853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bone","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015769,"text":"70015769 - 1990 - A basic program to transform continuous polar dipole-dipole resistivity soundings to half-Schlumberger soundings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:26:53","indexId":"70015769","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A basic program to transform continuous polar dipole-dipole resistivity soundings to half-Schlumberger soundings","docAbstract":"An interactive HP 9845B BASIC program transforms continuous polar dipole-dipole resistivity soundings to half-Schlumberger soundings. The program features graphic presentation of the field dipole-dipole data as well as the transformed half-Schlumberger data. An example of the transformation and its effectiveness in smoothing \"high-frequency\" noise is given. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(90)90102-Y","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Zerilli, A., and Bisdorf, R., 1990, A basic program to transform continuous polar dipole-dipole resistivity soundings to half-Schlumberger soundings: Computers & Geosciences, v. 16, no. 7, p. 911-923, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(90)90102-Y.","startPage":"911","endPage":"923","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266173,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(90)90102-Y"},{"id":224390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e318e4b0c8380cd45e07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zerilli, A.","contributorId":7847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zerilli","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bisdorf, R.J.","contributorId":42960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisdorf","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174000,"text":"70174000 - 1990 - National contaminant biomonitoring program: concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc in U.S. Freshwater Fish, 1976–1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T16:33:54","indexId":"70174000","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National contaminant biomonitoring program: concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc in U.S. Freshwater Fish, 1976–1984","docAbstract":"From late 1984 to early 1985, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collected a total of 315 composite samples of whole fish from 109 stations nationwide, which were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc. Geometric mean, maximum, and 85th percentile concentrations (μg/g wet weight) for 1984 samples were as follows: arsenic-0.14, 1.5, 0.27; cadmium-0.03, 0.22, 0.05; copper-0.65, 23.1, 1.0; mercury-0.10, 0.37, 0.17; lead-0.11, 4.88, 0.22; selenium-0.42, 2.30, 0.73; and zinc-21.7, 118.4, 34.2. The mean concentrations of selenium and lead were significantly lower than in the previous NCBP collection (1980–81). Mean concentrations of arsenic and cadmium also declined significantly between 1976, when elemental contaminants in fish were first measured in the NCBP, and 1984. Of greatest significance, lead concentrations declined steadily from 1976 to 1984, suggesting that regulatory measures have successfully reduced the influx of lead to the aquatic environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01183991","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 1990, National contaminant biomonitoring program: concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc in U.S. Freshwater Fish, 1976–1984: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 19, no. 5, p. 731-747, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01183991.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"747","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a6545e4b07657d1a11e2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016200,"text":"70016200 - 1990 - Relationships among macerals, minerals, miospores and paleoecology in a column of Redstone coal (Upper Pennsylvanian) from north-central West Virginia (U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T12:11:10.104738","indexId":"70016200","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships among macerals, minerals, miospores and paleoecology in a column of Redstone coal (Upper Pennsylvanian) from north-central West Virginia (U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"Two distinct paleoenvironments are represented in vertical succession in a column of Redstone coal in north-central West Virginia as indicated by a study of 37 consecutive 3-cm (0.1 ft) increments analyzed for ash yield, petrographic composition, low-temperature ash mineralogy and palynomorph abundances. Abundance profiles were constructed for ash, 12 petrographic components, 3 minerals and 5 miospore assemblages. The profiles and calculated correlation coefficients show close relationships between several constituents. Components that increased in abundance upward in the coal bed were a collinite type > 50 microns in thickness, cutinite, and miospores affiliated with calamites, herbaceous lycopods, cordaites and herbaceous ferns. Components that decreased in abundance upward were a collinite type < 50 microns in thickness, inertodetrinite, tree fern miospores, quartz, illite and ash yield. Components were correlated with ash yield to infer the swamp geochemical conditions that contributed to the low-ash (7%) upper one-third of the coal bed and the higher-ash (16%) lower two-thirds of the coal bed. Components that correlate positively with increased ash were the collinite type < 50 μm thickness, inertodetrinite, tree fern miospores, illite and quartz. Components that correlate negatively with increased ash were the collinite type > 50 μm in thickness, cutinite, calamite and cordaite miospores and kaolinite. Significant correlations occurred between ash yield and the collinite types > 50 and < 50 μm in thickness but no significant correlation was found between ash yield and total vitrinite-group content. This is interpreted to show that division of vitrinite macerals by size is important in petrographic paleoenvironmental studies. Paleoecologic interpretations based upon these correlations suggest that two distinct, planar, probably topogenous paleoecologic environments are represented in this column of the Redstone coal. The lower two-thirds of the coal bed was interpreted to have accumulated in a planar swamp in which significant introduction of detrital or dissolved mineral matter, and significant anaerobic and moderate oxidative degradation of the peat occurred. The flora of this paleoenvironment was dominated by tree ferns. The paleoenvironment during accumulation of the upper one-third of the coal bed was also interpreted to have been a planar swamp, but one in which moderate to low introduction of detrital or dissolved mineral matter, and minor anaerobic and oxidative degradation of the peat occurred. The dominant flora of this paleoenvironment consisted mainly of calamites with fewer cordaites and herbaceous ferns. This study shows that valuable paleoecologic information may be obtained by sampling closely spaced vertical increments. No mixing of detrital sediments with the peat was observed in coal layers immediately adjacent to the parting or the overlying sandstone unit.
The Early Proterozoic geologic evolution of the eastern Mojave Desert region, as defined by characteristics of its supracrustal rocks, granitoids, metamorphism, structural history, and Pb and Nd isotopic signature, contrasts sharply with other Proterozoic provinces of the southwestern United States. The oldest supracrustal rocks of the Mojave Desert region contain zircons over 2.0 Ga, corroborating Nd isotopic evidence for a much older crust here than elsewhere in the southwestern United States. Granitoids widely emplaced within these supracrustal rocks range from 1.76 to 1.64 Ga. The earlier plutons and surrounding supracrustal rocks were metamorphosed to granulite and high amphibolite facies throughout the province at about 1705 Ma in a migmatite-producing event that we term (informally) the Ivanpah orogeny. Subsequent granitoids, emplaced from 1.69 to 1.67 Ga, were voluminous along a north trending belt in the middle of the Mojave province. Younger plutons were emplaced at about 1.66 Ga in several places and at about 1.64 Ga along the extreme southern part of the province. Commonalities between the Proterozoic evolutions of the Mojave and Arizona crustal provinces do not conclusively establish the time that the provinces were juxtaposed; the data only suggest that the juxtaposition occurred between about 1.76 and 1.64 Ga.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB12p20133","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wooden, J.L., and Miller, D., 1990, Chronologic and isotopic framework for early Proterozoic crustal evolution in the eastern Mojave Desert region, SE California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, no. B12, p. 20133-20146, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p20133.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"20133","endPage":"20146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5f2e4b0c8380cd4c4dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, D. M. 0000-0003-3711-0441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":104422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}