Oval images etched into the vail of a deep borehole were detected in DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project) Hole 504B, eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, from analysis of an acoustic televiever log. Initial speculation as to the origin of these remarkable features considered the intersection of pillow basalts with the wellbore. However, a systematic inspection of these ovals has identified intriguing consistencies in appearance that cannot be explained satisfactorily by a random, coincidental distribution of pillow lavas. As an alternative hypothesis, Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is used to account for the generation and orientation of similarly curved, stress-induced fractures. Consequently, these oval features can be interpreted as fractures and related directly to stress conditions in the oceanic crust at this site. The azimuth of the oval center corresponds to the orientation of maximum horizontal principal stress (SH), and the oval width, which spans approximately 180° of the borehole, is aligned vith the azimuth of minimum horizontal principal stress (Sh). The oval height is controlled by the fracture angle and thus is a function of the coefficient of internal friction of the rock.
Retention of CO2 on three air-dried and partly water-saturated glacial and eolian sediments was measured at 20°C for a range in, PCO2 that commonly occurs in unsaturated zones. Ratios of the relative losses of CO2 and 14CO2 from a surrogate atmosphere overlying the sediments were 1:1 for the dry condition. For the wet condition, those relative losses were generally ⪯ 1:2, indicating bicarbonateion formation and C-isotope exchange. Mass losses of CO2 per surface area of sediment were similar for dry and wet conditions; however, CO2 losses for the wet condition were 8 to 17 times greater than losses predicted by calcite equilibria. Occurrence of this comparatively large reservoir of immobile, exchangeable C in unsaturated zones can cause alteration of the C-isotope composition of soil CO2 and of dissolved inorganic C in interstitial water, and needs to be considered when modeling 14CO2 movement in the unsaturated zone or when interpreting radiocarbon ages of infiltrating water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(90)90051-L","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Striegl, R.G., and Armstrong, D., 1990, Carbon dioxide retention and carbon exchange on unsaturated Quaternary sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 8, p. 2277-2283, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90051-L.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2277","endPage":"2283","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f361e4b0c8380cd4b77e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, D.E.","contributorId":75278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015822,"text":"70015822 - 1990 - Traveltime inversion using transmitted waves of offset VSP data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:26:10.232465","indexId":"70015822","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Traveltime inversion using transmitted waves of offset VSP data","docAbstract":"Estimation of layer parameters such as interval velocity, reflector depth, and dip can be formulated as a generalized linear inverse problem using observed arrival times. Based on a 2-D earth model, a computationally efficient and accurate formula is derived for traveltime inversion. This inversion method is applied to offset vertical seismic profile (VSP) data for estimating layer parameters using only transmitted first-arrival times. As opposed to a layer-stripping method, this method estimates all layer parameters simultaneously, thus reducing the cumulative error resulting from the errors in the upper layers. This investigation indicates (1) at least two source locations are required to estimate layer parameters properly, and (2) accurate arrival times are essential for computing the dip of a layer reliably. Bulk time shifts, such as static shifts, do not affect the parameter estimation significantly if the amount of shift is not too large. The result of real and modeled VSP data inversions indicates that traveltime inversion using transmitted first-arrival times from at least two source locations is a viable method for estimating interval velocities, reflector depths, and reflector dips.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442920","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 1990, Traveltime inversion using transmitted waves of offset VSP data: Geophysics, v. 55, no. 8, p. 1089-1097, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442920.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1097","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb786e4b08c986b327310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015800,"text":"70015800 - 1990 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of altered rocks associated with Lemitar carbonatites, central New Mexico, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:30:29","indexId":"70015800","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of altered rocks associated with Lemitar carbonatites, central New Mexico, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The intrusion of more than 100 Cambrian-Ordovician carbonatite dikes caused minor alteration of Proterozoic granitic and mafic rocks in the Lemitar Mountains, although hematization, carbonatization and fenitization caused extensive alteration locally. Ampibolites within 15-20 m of the carbonatite dike contacts were highly altered by carbonatization. Locally the Lemitar diorite/gabbro adjacent to some carbonatites were altered in a thin, discontinuous zone by sodic-potassic fenitization. The granite at Polvadera Peak was locally altered by potassic fenitization. Most of the altered rocks have been further altered by hematization and carbonatization. The altered rocks show increases in loss on ignition and in one or more the elements Ca, K, Na and Al. Only granitic fenites in the Lemitar Mountains lost silica and some diorite/gabbro fenites gained silica. Petrologic and geochemical studies clearly indicate that the types and degree of alteration differ notably in different rock types. The fenitizing fluids were oxidizing, slightly acidic, high in volatiles (especially CO2) and possibly fairly low in alkali elements. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0024-4937(90)90042-Y","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"McLemore, V., and Modreski, P., 1990, Mineralogy and geochemistry of altered rocks associated with Lemitar carbonatites, central New Mexico, U.S.A.: LITHOS, v. 26, no. 1-2, p. 99-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(90)90042-Y.","startPage":"99","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267964,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(90)90042-Y"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ab8e4b0c8380cd6f0a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLemore, V. T.","contributorId":15225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLemore","given":"V. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modreski, P.J.","contributorId":98335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modreski","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015974,"text":"70015974 - 1990 - Mudflow rheology in a vertically rotating flume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70015974","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mudflow rheology in a vertically rotating flume","docAbstract":"Joint research by the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Missouri-Rolla currently (1990) is being conducted on a 3.05 meters in diameter vertically rotating flume used to simulate mudflows under steady-state conditions. Observed mudflow simulations indicate flow patterns in the flume are similar to those occurring in natural mudflows. Variables such as mean and surface velocity, depth, and average boundary shear stress can be measured in this flume more easily than in the field or in a traditional tilting flume. Sensitive variables such as sediment concentration, grain-size distribution, and Atterberg limits also can be precisely and easily controlled. A known Newtonian fluid, SAE 30 motor oil, was tested in the flume and the computed value for viscosity was within 12.5 percent of the stated viscosity. This provided support that the data from the flume can be used to determine the rheological properties of fluids such as mud. Measurements on mud slurries indicate that flows with sediment concentrations ranging from 81 to 87 percent sediment by weight can be approximated as Bingham plastic for strain rates greater than 1 per second. In this approximation, the yield stress and Bingham viscosity were extremely sensitive to sediment concentration. Generally, the magnitude of the yield stress was large relative to the change in shear stress with increasing mudflow velocity.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands and 1990 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"30 July 1990 through 2 August 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627713","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R.R., Westphal, J.A., and Jobson, H.E., 1990, Mudflow rheology in a vertically rotating flume, in Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands, San Diego, CA, USA, 30 July 1990 through 2 August 1990, p. 212-217.","startPage":"212","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f88e4b0c8380cd70feb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"French Richard H.","contributorId":128450,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"French Richard H.","id":536319,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westphal, Jerome A.","contributorId":22500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westphal","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015976,"text":"70015976 - 1990 - Mechanisms controlling Cu, Fe, Mn, and Co profiles in peat of the Filson Creek Fen, northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T14:26:03.384523","indexId":"70015976","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms controlling Cu, Fe, Mn, and Co profiles in peat of the Filson Creek Fen, northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Filson Creek Fen, located in northeastern Minnesota, overlies a Cu-Ni sulfide deposit. A site in the fen was studied to evaluate the hydrogeochemical mechanisms governing the development of Fe, Mn, Co, and Cu profiles in the peat. At the study site, surface peat approximately 1 m thick is separated from the underlying mineralized bedrock by a 6–12 m thickness of lake and glaciofluvial sediments and till. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Co, and Cu in peat and major elements in pore water delineate a shallow, relatively oxidized, Cu-rich zone overlying a deeper, reduced, Fe-, Mn-, and Co-rich zone within the peat. Sequential metal extractions from peat samples reveal that 40–55% of the Cu in the shallow zone is associated with organic material, whereas the remaining Cu is distributed between iron-oxide, sulfide, and residual fractions. Sixty to seventy percent of the Fe, Mn, and Co concentrated in the deeper zone occur in the residual phase. The metal profiles and associations probably result from non-steady-state input of metals and detritus into the fen during formation of the peat column. The enrichment of organic-associated Cu in the upper, oxidized zone represents a combination of Cu transported into the fen with detrital plant fragments and soluble Cu, derived from weathering of outcrop and subcrop of the mineral deposit, transported into the fen, and fixed onto organic matter in the peat. The variable stratigraphy of the peat indicates that weathering processes and surface vegetation have changed through time in the fen. The Fe, Mn, and Co maxima at the base of the peat are associated with a maximum in detrital matter content of the peat resulting from a transition between the underlying inorganic sedimentary environment to an organic sedimentary environment. The chemistry of sediments and ground water collected beneath the peat indicate that mobilization of metals from sulfide minerals in the buried mineral deposit or glacial deposits is minimal. Therefore, the primary source of Cu to the peat at the study site is outcrops and shallow subcrops of the mineral deposit adjacent to the fen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(90)90111-W","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Walton-Day, K., Filipek, L., and Papp, C.S., 1990, Mechanisms controlling Cu, Fe, Mn, and Co profiles in peat of the Filson Creek Fen, northeastern Minnesota: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 11, p. 2933-2946, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90111-W.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2933","endPage":"2946","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223544,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5369e4b0c8380cd6ca78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walton-Day, K.","contributorId":14054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Filipek, L.H.","contributorId":58392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filipek","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papp, C. S.E.","contributorId":69304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"C.","middleInitial":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015972,"text":"70015972 - 1990 - Evidence against a late Wisconsinan ice shelf in the Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T08:41:30","indexId":"70015972","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence against a late Wisconsinan ice shelf in the Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"Proposals for the formation of a late Wisconsinan ice shelf in the Gulf of Maine during the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet are considered to be inappropriate. An Antarctic-type ice shelf does not fit the field data that indicate temperate glacial, terrestrial, and marine climates for the region between 18 ka and 12 ka. A temperate ice shelf has no modern analogues and may be physically impossible. The preponderance of stratified drift in the Gulf of Maine region supports temperate climates during late Wisconsinan time. It also indicates that glacial meltwater, rather than ice in either an ice sheet or ice shelf, was the primary transport mechanism of glacial sediment and the source for the glaciomarine mud. For these reasons we have proposed glacial analogues for the deglaciation of the Gulf of Maine that consist of temperate or subpolar marine-based glaciers, characterized by depositional environments dominated by meltwater discharge directly to the sea or the sea by way of subaerial meltwater streams. These analogues include Alaskan fjord glaciers, glaciers on the Alaskan continental shelf that discharged meltwater directly into the sea in the not too distant past, and Austfonna (Nordaustandet, Svalbard, Norway) that is presently discharging meltwater in the sea along a grounded ice wall. This last example is the best modern-day analogue for the depositional environment for most of the glaciomarine mud in the Gulf of Maine and deglaciation of the Gulf.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0277-3791(90)90002-R","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Oldale, R.N., Williams, R., and Colman, S.M., 1990, Evidence against a late Wisconsinan ice shelf in the Gulf of Maine: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(90)90002-R.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.1044921875,\n 45.10454630976873\n ],\n [\n -69.6533203125,\n 44.35527821160296\n ],\n [\n -71.6748046875,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -71.4990234375,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -70.59814453125,\n 41.244772343082076\n ],\n [\n -68.0712890625,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -66.357421875,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -65.23681640625,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -65.478515625,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -67.1044921875,\n 45.10454630976873\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d26e4b0c8380cd52e37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oldale, R. N.","contributorId":92680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R.S. Jr.","contributorId":46102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184590,"text":"70184590 - 1990 - Time allocation by northern fulmars during the breeding season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T12:34:23","indexId":"70184590","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2964,"text":"Ornis Scandinavica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time allocation by northern fulmars during the breeding season","docAbstract":"Averaged over the whole breeding cycle (pre-laying through mid-chick stage), breeding fulmars spent about 39% of their time at the breeding site and 61% of their time at sea. Annual means of site occupancy before egg-laying were positively correlated with breeding success, suggesting that time allocation was a sensitive indicator of food availability in different years. Nonbreeding site-holders spent about half as much time at the colony as breeders; their attendance was highest early in the season when pair bonds and site ownership were established. The attendance of failed birds after egg or chick loss was positively correlated with colony-wide breeding success in six years. Males spent more time at the breeding site than females at every stage of the season. Most days were devoted to foraging in the pre-laying period (69% in males, 82% in females). An extended absence from the colony just before laying (the pre-laying exodus) averaged 12.2 d in males and 17.6 d in females. Changes in body weight indicated that neither sex incurred an energy deficit on a seasonal basis. A greater investment by the male in site attendance during incubation offset the female's investment in egg production and assured that both sexes entered the demanding chick-feeding stage in good condition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3676803","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., 1990, Time allocation by northern fulmars during the breeding season: Ornis Scandinavica, v. 21, no. 2, p. 89-98, https://doi.org/10.2307/3676803.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Semidi Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.97540283203125,\n 55.947661905375064\n ],\n [\n -156.4947509765625,\n 55.947661905375064\n ],\n [\n -156.4947509765625,\n 56.26318518028011\n ],\n [\n -156.97540283203125,\n 56.26318518028011\n ],\n [\n -156.97540283203125,\n 55.947661905375064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c951e4b0f37a93ee9b8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015804,"text":"70015804 - 1990 - Geology of Medicine Lake Volcano, Northern California Cascade Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015804","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geology of Medicine Lake Volcano, Northern California Cascade Range","docAbstract":"Medicine Lake volcano (MLV) is located in an E-W extensional environment on the Modoc Plateau just east of the main arc of the Cascades. It consists mainly of mafic lavas, although drillhole data indicate that a larger volume of rhyolite is present than is indicated by surface mapping. The most recent eruption was rhyolitic and occurred about 900 years ago. At least seventeen eruptions have occurred since 12,000 years ago, or between 1 and 2 eruptions per century on average, although activity appears to be strongly episodic. The calculated eruptive rate is about 0.6 km3 per thousand years during the entire history of the volcano. Drillhole data indicate that the plateau surface underlying the volcano has been downwarped by 0.5 km under the center of MLV. The volcano may be even larger than the estimated 600 km3, already the largest volcano by volume in the Cascades.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"1990 International Symposium on Geothermal Energy","conferenceDate":"20 August 1990 through 24 August 1990","conferenceLocation":"Kailua-Kona, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412685","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J., 1990, Geology of Medicine Lake Volcano, Northern California Cascade Range, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 14, no. pt 2, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, 20 August 1990 through 24 August 1990, p. 1395-1396.","startPage":"1395","endPage":"1396","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2496e4b0c8380cd58204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie","contributorId":69714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015795,"text":"70015795 - 1990 - Mass-balance model for predicting nitrate in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70015795","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2563,"text":"Journal of the New England Water Works Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass-balance model for predicting nitrate in ground water","docAbstract":"A mass-balance accounting model can be used to guide the management of septic systems and fertilizers to control the degradation of ground-water quality in zones of an aquifer that contribute water to public-supply wells. The nitrate concentration of the mixture in the well can be predicted for steady-state conditions by calculating the concentration that results from the total weight of nitrogen and total volume of water entering the zone of contribution to the well. These calculations will allow water-quality managers to predict the nitrate concentrations that would be produced by different types and levels of development, and to plan development accordingly. Computations for different development schemes provide a technical basis for planners and managers to compare water-quality effects and to select alternatives that limit nitrate concentration in wells.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the New England Water Works Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00284939","usgsCitation":"Frimpter, M.H., Donohue, J.J., and Rapacz, M.V., 1990, Mass-balance model for predicting nitrate in ground water: Journal of the New England Water Works Association, v. 104, no. 4, p. 219-232.","startPage":"219","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a525ce4b0c8380cd6c364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frimpter, Michael H.","contributorId":8074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frimpter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donohue, John J.","contributorId":81254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donohue","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rapacz, Michael V.","contributorId":67661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapacz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197159,"text":"70197159 - 1990 - Review of paleomagnetic data from the Klamath Mountains, Blue Mountains, and Sierra Nevada; Implications for paleogeographic reconstructions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T13:47:16","indexId":"70197159","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Review of paleomagnetic data from the Klamath Mountains, Blue Mountains, and Sierra Nevada; Implications for paleogeographic reconstructions","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic studies of the Klamath Mountains, Blue Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and northwestern Nevada pertain mostly to Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks, but some data also are available for Permian and Triassic rocks of the region. Large vertical-axis rotations are indicated for rocks in many of the terranes, but few studies show statistically significant latitudinal displacements. The most complete paleomagnetic record is from the Eastern Klamath terrane, which shows large post-Triassic clockwise rotations and virtual cessation of rotation by Early Cretaceous time, when accretion to the continent was completed. Data from Permian strata of the Eastern Klamath terrane indicate no paleolatitude anomaly, in contrast to preliminary results from coeval strata of Hells Canyon in the Blue Mountains region, which are suggestive of some southward movement. If these Hells Canyon results are confirmed, some of the terranes in these two regions must have been traveling on separate plates during late Paleozoic time. Data from Triassic and younger strata in the Blue Mountains region indicate paleolatitudes that are concordant with North America. Results from Triassic rocks of the Koipato Formation in west-central Nevada also indicate southward transport, but when this movement ceased is unknown. The Nevadan orogeny may have occurred in the Sierra Nevada during Jurassic accretion of the ophiolitic and volcanic-arc terranes of that province to the continent, whereas what has been considered to be the same orogeny in the Klamath Mountains may have occurred before accretion. Using the concordance of observed and expected paleomagnetic directions as a guide, the allochthonous Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and Blue Mountains composite terranes seem to have accreted to the continent sequentially from south to north.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Paleogeographic Relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and Related Terranes: GSA Special Papers v. 255","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE255-p397","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., and Irwin, W., 1990, Review of paleomagnetic data from the Klamath Mountains, Blue Mountains, and Sierra Nevada; Implications for paleogeographic reconstructions, chap. of Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Paleogeographic Relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and Related Terranes: GSA Special Papers v. 255, v. 255, p. 397-409, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE255-p397.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"409","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mountains, Klamath Mountains, Sierra Nevada","volume":"255","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2dd8e4b0da30c1bfd855","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015783,"text":"70015783 - 1990 - Role of water in the smectite-to-illite reaction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T11:14:02","indexId":"70015783","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of water in the smectite-to-illite reaction","docAbstract":"A series of hydrothermal experiments was performed to determine the effect of fluid abundance on the reaction of smectite to illite. Experiments were conducted on K-saturated montmorillonite (<0.1-µm fraction) in a closed system at 250° to 400°C using run times of 1, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days at 100 MPa (1 kbar) pressure. In fluid-deficient systems (pore spaces not saturated), the rate and extent of illitization was significantly inhibited. A rock:water ratio of 20:1 (mass:mass) produced an R0 illite/smectite (I/S) having 82% smectite layers after 60 days at 250°C, whereas a rock:water ratio of 1:1 produced an I/S having 57% smectite layers under the same conditions. The effect became less pronounced at higher temperatures, with the 20:1 and the 1:1 experimental products differing by only 11% expandability at 400°C after 60 days. In addition, the low-fluid experiments produced fewer crystalline byproducts (quartz, cristobalite, chlorite) than did the fluid-rich runs, and the I/S was more difficult to disperse and orient in the fluid-deficient samples, suggesting enhanced cementation at grain contacts or the production of particle morphologies that did not lend themselves to orientation. The difference in reactivity of the smectite and I/S as a function of water content appears to be attributable to the reduced capacity for low volumes of water to mediate the dissolution, solute transport, and precipitation reactions that make up the series of reactions collectively termed illitization. Of these variables, solute transport is likely to be affected most by reduction of fluid.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Mineral Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380402","usgsCitation":"Whitney, G., 1990, Role of water in the smectite-to-illite reaction: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 38, no. 4, p. 343-350, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380402.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"350","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae76e4b0c8380cd870e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitney, Gene","contributorId":27049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"Gene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015970,"text":"70015970 - 1990 - Horizontal ground deformation patterns and magma storage during the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: episodes 22-42","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70015970","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Horizontal ground deformation patterns and magma storage during the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: episodes 22-42","docAbstract":"Horizontal ground deformation measurements were made repeatedly with an electronic distance meter near the Puu Oo eruption site approximately perpendicular to Kilauea's east rift zone (ERZ) before and after eruptive episodes 22-42. Line lengths gradually extended during repose periods and rapidly contracted about the same amount following eruptions. The repeated extension and contraction of the measured lines are best explained by the elastic response of the country rock to the addition and subsequent eruption of magma from a local reservoir. The deformation patterns are modeled to constrain the geometry and location of the local reservoir near Puu Oo. The observed deformation is consistent with deformation patterns that would be produced by the expansion of a shallow, steeply dipping dike just uprift of Puu Oo striking parallel to the trend of the ERZ. The modeled dike is centered about 800 m uprift of Puu Oo. Its top is at a depth of 0.4 km, its bottom at about 2.9 km, and the length is about 1.6 km; the dike strikes N65?? E and dips at about 87??SE. The model indicates that the dike expanded by 11 cm during repose periods, for an average volumetric expansion of nearly 500 000 m3. The volume of magma added to the dike during repose periods was variable but correlates positively with the volume of erupted lava of the subsequent eruption and represents about 8% of the new lava extruded. Dike geometry and expansion values are used to estimate the pressure increase near the eruption site due to the accumulation of magma during repose periods. On average, vent pressures increased by about 0.38 MPa during the repose periods, one-third of the pressure increase at the summit. The model indicates that the dikelike body below Puu Oo grew in volume from 3 million cubic meters (Mm3) to about 10-12 Mm3 during the series of eruptions. The width of this body was probably about 2.5-3.0 m. No net long-term deformation was detected along the measured deformation lines. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00301533","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, J., Ulrich, G., and Garcia, M., 1990, Horizontal ground deformation patterns and magma storage during the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: episodes 22-42: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, no. 7, p. 522-531, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301533.","startPage":"522","endPage":"531","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205365,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301533"},{"id":223394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a321ce4b0c8380cd5e527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, J.P.","contributorId":76389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ulrich, G. E.","contributorId":88737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrich","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, M.O.","contributorId":47868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016056,"text":"70016056 - 1990 - Structural evidence for northeastward movement on the Chocolate Mountains Thrust, southeasternmost California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:41:17.578949","indexId":"70016056","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural evidence for northeastward movement on the Chocolate Mountains Thrust, southeasternmost California","docAbstract":"The Late Cretaceous Chocolate Mountains thrust of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona places a block of Proterozoic and Mesozoic continental crust over the late Mesozoic continental margin oceanic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the regionally distinctive Orocopia Schist. The Chocolate Mountains thrust is interpreted as a thrust (burial, subduction) fault rather than a low-angle normal (exhumation, unroofing, uplift) fault. An important parameter required to understand the tectonic significance of the Chocolate Mountains and related thrusts is their sense of movement. The Chocolate Mountains thrust zone contains sparse to locally abundant mesoscopic asymmetric folds. Fabric relations, supported by regional geologic evidence, indicate that these folds are an integral part of and coeval with the thrust zone. On a lower hemisphere equal-area plot representing the orientation and sense of asymmetry of 80 thrust zone folds from 36 localities, spread over an area 60 by 10 km, Z folds plot northwest of and S folds plot southeast of a northeast-southwest striking vertical plane of overall monoclinic symmetry. The only sense of movement consistent with the collective asymmetry of the thrust zone folds is top to the northeast. Asymmetric microstructures studied at several localities also indicate top to the northeast movement. Paleomagnetic data suggest that the original sense of thrusting, prior to Neogene vertical axis tectonic rotation related to the San Andreas fault system, was northward. The essential point is that movement of the upper plate of the Chocolate Mountains thrust evidently was continentward. Continentward thrusting suggests a tectonic scenario in which an insular or peninsular microcontinental fragment collided with mainland southern California. The suture predicted by this model is elusive; but the Chocolate Mountains thrust and underlying Orocopia Schist themselves may represent the suture, at the present level of exposure. Alternative tectonic models involving subduction of the Orocopia Schist eastward beneath continental southern California circumvent the suture problem but are presently not supported by any direct structural evidence.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB12p19953","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dillon, J.T., Haxel, G.B., and Tosdal, R., 1990, Structural evidence for northeastward movement on the Chocolate Mountains Thrust, southeasternmost California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, no. B12, p. 19953-19971, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p19953.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"19953","endPage":"19971","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9be4e4b08c986b31d15d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, J. T.","contributorId":72382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haxel, G. B.","contributorId":71503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haxel","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015823,"text":"70015823 - 1990 - On graphically representing the confidence region for an unknown rotation in three dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:27:58","indexId":"70015823","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On graphically representing the confidence region for an unknown rotation in three dimensions","docAbstract":"In assessing the errors involved in reconstructing tectonic plate rotations, it is desirable to have confidence regions for the unknown rotation. This paper presents a method for graphing such confidence regions, which exhibits the dependence of the range of possible angles of rotation on the axis considered. Namely, the minimum and maximum angles of rotation are graphed as functions of axis longitude and latitude. A FORTRAN 77 program SPHEREREGRESS is given which, under a variety of probabilistic models for the data, generates grid matrices which are used to draw contour maps of the minimum and maximum angles of rotation. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(90)90127-F","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Hanna, M., and Chang, T., 1990, On graphically representing the confidence region for an unknown rotation in three dimensions: Computers & Geosciences, v. 16, no. 2, p. 163-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(90)90127-F.","startPage":"163","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266174,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(90)90127-F"},{"id":223481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d99e4b0c8380cd75202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanna, M.S.","contributorId":18512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, T.","contributorId":37067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015820,"text":"70015820 - 1990 - Thermodynamic properties for bunsenite, NiO, magnetite, Fe3O4, and hematite, Fe2O3, with comments on selected oxygen buffer reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70015820","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamic properties for bunsenite, NiO, magnetite, Fe3O4, and hematite, Fe2O3, with comments on selected oxygen buffer reactions","docAbstract":"Smoothed values of the heat capacities and derived thermodynamic functions are given for bunsenite, magnetite, and hematite for the temperature interval 298.15 to 1800 K. The Gibbs free energy for the reaction Ni + 0.5O2 = NiO is given by the equation ??rG0T = -238.39 + 0.1146T - 3.72 ?? 10-3T ln T and is valid from 298.15 K to 1700 K. The Gibbs free energy (in kJ) of the reaction 2 magnetite + 3 quartz = 3 fayalite + O2 may be calculated from the equation ??rG0T = 474.155 - 0.16120 T in kJ and between 800 and 1400 K. The Gibbs free energy (in kJ) of the reaction 6 hematite = 4 magnetite + O2 may be calculated from the following equations: ??rG0T = 496.215 - 0.27114T, ??rG0T = 514.690 - 0.29753T, ??rG0T = 501.348 - 0.2854T. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Hemingway, B.S., 1990, Thermodynamic properties for bunsenite, NiO, magnetite, Fe3O4, and hematite, Fe2O3, with comments on selected oxygen buffer reactions: American Mineralogist, v. 75, no. 7-8, p. 781-790.","startPage":"781","endPage":"790","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb274e4b08c986b3257f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182310,"text":"70182310 - 1990 - Status and life history of Pahranagat River Fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T14:31:33","indexId":"70182310","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Status and life history of Pahranagat River Fishes","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"National Fishery Resarch Center Seattle, Nevada Department of Wildlife","publisherLocation":"Reno, NV","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, P., Scoppettone, G., and Withers, D., 1990, Status and life history of Pahranagat River Fishes.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb145e4b01ccd54f9ee72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, P.","contributorId":182067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuttle","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scoppettone, G.G.","contributorId":22793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Withers, D.","contributorId":19370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withers","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015797,"text":"70015797 - 1990 - Combustion and leaching behavior of elements in the argonne premium coal samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T00:53:04.674835","indexId":"70015797","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combustion and leaching behavior of elements in the argonne premium coal samples","docAbstract":"Eight Argonne Premium Coal samples and two other coal samples were used to observe the effects of combustion and leaching on 30 elements. The results were used to infer the modes of occurrence of these elements. Instrumental neutron activation analysis indicates that the effects of combustion and leaching on many elements varied markedly among the samples. As much as 90% of the selenium and bromine is volatilized from the bituminous coal samples, but substantially less is volatilized from the low-rank coals. We interpret the combustion and leaching behavior of these elements to indicate that they are associated with the organic fraction. Sodium, although nonvolatile, is ion-exchangeable in most samples, particularly in the low-rank coal samples where it is likely to be associated with the organic constituents. Potassium is primarily in an ion-exchangeable form in the Wypdak coal but is in HF-soluble phases (probably silicates) in most other samples. Cesium is in an unidentified HNO3-soluble phase in most samples. Virtually all the strontium and barium in the low-rank coal samples is removed by NH4OAc followed by HCl, indicating that these elements probably occur in both organic and inorganic phases. Most tungsten and tantalum are in insoluble phases, perhaps as oxides or in organic association. Hafnium is generally insoluble, but as much as 65% is HF soluble, perhaps due to the presence of very fine grained or metamict zircon. We interpret the leaching behavior of uranium to indicate its occurrence in chelates and its association with silicates and with zircon. Most of the rare-earth elements (REE) and thorium appear to be associated with phosphates. Differences in textural relationships may account for some of the differences in leaching behavior of the REE among samples. Zinc occurs predominantly in sphalerite. Either the remaining elements occur in several different modes of occurrence (scandium, iron), or the leaching data are equivocal (arsenic, antimony, chromium, cobalt, and nickel). The results of these combustion and leaching experiments indicate that some previously held assumptions concerning modes of occurrence of elements in coal should be reconsidered.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ef00024a024","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., Palmer, C., Krasnow, M., Aruscavage, P.J., Sellers, G., and Dulong, F., 1990, Combustion and leaching behavior of elements in the argonne premium coal samples: Energy & Fuels, v. 4, no. 6, p. 755-766, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00024a024.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"755","endPage":"766","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e2e4b0c8380cd4cd54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krasnow, M.R.","contributorId":25952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krasnow","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aruscavage, P. J.","contributorId":41411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aruscavage","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sellers, G.A.","contributorId":21690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sellers","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1008546,"text":"1008546 - 1990 - How the Florida manatees fare today","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:38","indexId":"1008546","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3753,"text":"Whalewatcher","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How the Florida manatees fare today","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Whalewatcher","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bonde, R., and Beck, C., 1990, How the Florida manatees fare today: Whalewatcher, v. 24, no. 1, p. 8-9.","productDescription":"p. 8-9","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bd38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, C.A. 0000-0002-5388-5418","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":78674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008545,"text":"1008545 - 1990 - Comments on the proposed conservation of Proptera Rafinesque, 1819 (Mollusca Bivalvia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-10T00:44:23.376165","indexId":"1008545","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1110,"text":"Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comments on the proposed conservation of Proptera Rafinesque, 1819 (Mollusca Bivalvia)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature","usgsCitation":"Bogan, A., Williams, J., and Fuller, S.L., 1990, Comments on the proposed conservation of Proptera Rafinesque, 1819 (Mollusca Bivalvia): Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 47, no. 3, p. 206-207.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"206","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132660,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae66e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bogan, A.E.","contributorId":21102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, S. L. H.","contributorId":49748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1017396,"text":"1017396 - 1990 - Vanishing amphibians: new mystery in an old pattern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"1017396","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2647,"text":"Mainstream","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vanishing amphibians: new mystery in an old pattern","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mainstream","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M., and Jennings, M., 1990, Vanishing amphibians: new mystery in an old pattern: Mainstream, v. 21, no. 3, p. 20-23.","productDescription":"p. 20-23","startPage":"20","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602c00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, M.P.","contributorId":56174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1017336,"text":"1017336 - 1990 - Industrial strength herons: the black-crowns of Baltimore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"1017336","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2975,"text":"Outdoors in Maryland","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrial strength herons: the black-crowns of Baltimore","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Outdoors in Maryland","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Anders, V., and Miles, A., 1990, Industrial strength herons: the black-crowns of Baltimore: Outdoors in Maryland, no. Spring.","productDescription":"p. 14","startPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"Spring","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5eea1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anders, V.","contributorId":21122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008547,"text":"1008547 - 1990 - Myxomatous transformation of heart valves in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-15T10:34:39","indexId":"1008547","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Myxomatous transformation of heart valves in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","usgsCitation":"Buergelt, C., Bonde, R., Beck, C., and O'Shea, T., 1990, Myxomatous transformation of heart valves in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 21, no. 2, p. 220-227.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"220","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/20095050"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698ae7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buergelt, C.D.","contributorId":21913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buergelt","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beck, C.A. 0000-0002-5388-5418","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":78674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}