Hydrogeologic modeling shows that tabular-type uranium deposits in the Grants uranium region of the San Juan basin, New Mexico, formed in zones of ascending and discharging regional ground-water flow. The association of either lacustrine mudstone or actively subsiding structures and uranium deposits can best be explained by the occurrence of lakes at topographic depressions where ground water having different sources and compositions is likely to converge, mix, and discharge. Ascending and discharging flow also explains the association of uranium deposits with underlying evaporites and suggests a brine interface. The simulations contradict previous suggestions that ground water moved downward in the mudflat.
The Summit Lake landslide, northwestern Nevada, composed of Early Miocene pyroclastic debris, Ashdown Tuff, and basalt and rhyolite of the Black Rock Range, blocked the upper Soldier Creek-Snow Creek drainage and impounded Summit Lake sometimes prior to 7840 yr B.P. The slide covers 8.2 km2 and has geomorphic features characteristic of long run-out landslides, such as lobate form, longitudinal and transverse ridges, low surface gradient (7.1 °), and preservation of original stratigraphic position of transported blocks. However, estimated debris volume is the smallest reported (2.5 × 105 m3) for a landslide of this type.
The outflow channel of the Summit Lake basin was a northward-flowing stream valley entrenched by Mahogany Creek. Subsequent negative tectonic adjustment of the basin by about 35 m, accompanied by concommitant progradation of a prominent alluvial fan deposited by Mahogany Creek, argues for a probable diversion of drainage from the Alvord basin southward into the Lahontan basin. The landslide occurred while the creek flowed southward, transferring about 147 km2 of watershed from the Lahontan basin back to the Alvord basin. Overflow northward occurred during high stands of Pluvial Lake Parman in the basin; otherwise, under drier climates, the Summit Lake basin has been closed.
Within large depressions on the slide surface, the ca. 6800 yr old Mazama Bed and other sediments have buried a weakly developed soil. Disseminated humus in the soil yields an age of 7840 ± 310 yr B.P. Absence of older tephra (such as St. Helens M) brackets the slide age between 7840 and 19,000 yr B.P. Projectile points found on the highest strandlines of Pluvial Lake Parman suggest a ca 8700 yr B.P. age by correlation with cultural artifacts and radiocarbon ages from nearby Last Supper Cave, Nevada. Organic matter accumulation in landslide soils suggests ages ranging from 9100 to 16,250 yr B.P. Estimation of the age of the slide from morphologic data for the isolated Summit Lake population of Lahontan cutthroat trout does not conflict with the radiometric ages.
A blind-thrust-ridge model is proposed to explain the lack of coarse clastic material in the vast minable Upper Freeport coal bed (UF). This coal bed contains only fine elastic partings and is overlain by regionally extensive, closely spaced channel-belt deposits in the Upper Potomac coal field of the Appalachian basin. A blind-thrust ridge may have formed a sediment trap and prevented c coarse fluvial sediments from entering the swamp during a period (Westphalian D) when the thick Upper Freeport peat accumulated. Anticlinal thrust ridges and associated depressions may have existed uninterrupted for about 40 km parallel to the Appalachian orogen. Sediment shed from the breached anticlinal ridges accumulated in the sediment trap and was carried out of the ends of the trap by streams that occupied the shear zone at the ends of the blind-thrust ridge. The extent, parallel to the orogen, of thick, areally extensive UF is related to the length of the blind-thrust ridge that, in turn, controlled the spacing of the river-derived coarse clastic sediments that entered the main basin from the east. The thrust plane eventually emerged to the surface of the blind-thrust ridge and peat accumulation was terminated when the ridge became eroded and the sediment trapped behind it was released. The peat was buried by abundant coarse clastic sediment, which formed closely spaced channel belts and intervening flood basins. This model has implications for widespread peat deposits (now coal) that developed in tropical regions a few hundred kilometers from the sea in a tectonically active foreland basin.
Thorstenson and Plummer's (1977) \"stoichiometric saturation' model is reviewed, and a general relation between stoichiometric saturation Kss constants and excess free energies of mixing is derived for a binary solid-solution B1-xCxA: GE = RT[ln Kss - xln(xKCA) - (l-x)ln((l-x)KBA)]. This equation allows a suitable excess free energy function, such as Guggenheim's (1937) sub-regular function, to be fitted from experimentally determined Kss constants. Solid-phase free energies and component activity-coefficients can then be determined from one or two fitted parameters and from the endmember solubility products KBA and KCA. A general form of Lippmann's (1977,1980) \"solutus equation is derived from an examination of Lippmann's (1977,1980) \"total solubility product' model. Lippmann's II or \"total solubility product' variable is used to represent graphically not only thermodynamic equilibrium states and primary saturation states but also stoichiometric saturation and pure phase saturation states.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.290.2.164","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., and Reardon, E., 1990, Solid-solution aqueous-solution equilibria: Thermodynamic theory and representation: American Journal of Science, v. 290, no. 2, p. 164-201, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.290.2.164.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.290.2.164","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"290","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b923ae4b08c986b319d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reardon, E.J.","contributorId":47088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016321,"text":"70016321 - 1990 - Sediment thickness in the southern Canada Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-23T12:00:38.114909","indexId":"70016321","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment thickness in the southern Canada Basin","docAbstract":"Multichannel seismic reflection data are used, in conjunction with deep crustal seismic refraction data, to estimate the thickness of sediments in the southern Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean north of Alaska. The sediments are interpreted to be of Hauterivian (mid-Early Cretaceous) to Holocene age. Comparison of the seismic reflection character of seismic reflections in the study area with that in other basins indicates that a base-of-sediment—top of oceanic layer 2 reflection is not present above the depth at which the water-bottom multiple obscures all deeper arrivals, which is in conflict with the conclusions drawn from aeromagnetic, refraction, and other reflection studies. Seismic velocity structure, determined from the reflection data, indicates that the reflections above the multiple are from sedimentary strata. In the absence of seismic reflection evidence for the top of layer 2 above the multiple, we estimate total sediment thickness by using the layer 3 refractions and subtracting an average assumed layer 2 thickness from the top of layer 3. Assuming that an average thickness of oceanic layer 2 (1.4 km) overlies layer 3 in the southern Canada Basin, sediment thickness in the study area is estimated to range between 6.5 km where water depth is 3.8 km to greater than 11 km where the water depth is 2 km. This is nearly double that of any previous estimates and should have a significant effect on calculations such as the age of Canada Basin, regional heat flow, and long-term sedimentation rates.
A technique to locate automatically boundaries between crustal blocks of disparate densities was applied to upward continued isostatic residual gravity data. The boundary analysis delineates a narrow gravitational trough that extends the length of the Pliocene and Quaternary volcanic arc from Mount Baker in northern Washington to Lassen Peak in California. Gravitational highs interrupt the trough at two localities: a northwest trending high in southern Washington and a northeast trending high between Mount Shasta and Lassen Peak. The latter anomaly is one of a set of northeast trending anomalies that, within the Quaternary arc, appear related to volcanic segmentation proposed previously on the basis of spatial and compositional distributions of volcanoes. These northeast trending anomalies extend hundreds of kilometers northeast of the arc, are caused by sources in the upper crust, and in some cases are related to exposed pre-Tertiary rocks. Segmentation models invoke geometric characteristics of the subducting plate as the primary factor controlling location and chemistry of volcanism, and these northeast trending gravity sources also may be a product of disturbance of the upper crust by the subduction process. More likely, the gravity sources may reflect upper crustal structures older than the High Cascades, possibly relicts from earlier accretionary events or more recent crustal deformation, that have actively influenced the spatial location of more recent volcanism. Much of the Pliocene and Quaternary volcanism of the Cascade arc has concentrated on or near contacts between crustal blocks of disparate density. These contacts may promote the ascension of magma to the Earth's surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB12p19439","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., and Jachens, R., 1990, Volcanism, isostatic residual gravity and regional tectonic setting of the Cascade volcanic province: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B12, p. 19439-19451, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p19439.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"19439","endPage":"19451","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc323e4b08c986b32af96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016371,"text":"70016371 - 1990 - The quantitative determination of FeS2 phases in coal by means of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T15:35:53","indexId":"70016371","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1932,"text":"Hyperfine Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The quantitative determination of FeS2 phases in coal by means of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy","docAbstract":"A knowledge of the concentration of pyrite and marcasite in coals can provide important insight into the genesis of coal deposits. Determinations of the relative amounts of pyrite and marcasite by traditional methods of coal analysis are, however, beset with many difficulties. Using 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and a mild chemical treatment with hydrofluoric acid, a technique has been devised for the quantitative determination of the relative concentrations of pyrite and marcasite in samples of whole coals or their low-temperature ashes. The sample preparation procedure is comparable to less accurate methods. Good qualitative agreement has been obtained between ore microscopic and Mössbauer spectroscopic techniques for a series of extensively investigated whole coal samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02405784","issn":"03043843","usgsCitation":"Evans, B., King, H.M., Renton, J.J., and Stiller, A., 1990, The quantitative determination of FeS2 phases in coal by means of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy: Hyperfine Interactions, v. 57, no. 1-4, p. 2187-2193, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02405784.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2187","endPage":"2193","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205381,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405784"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baee9e4b08c986b32440b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, B.J.","contributorId":23687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Hobart M.","contributorId":76826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Hobart","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renton, John J.","contributorId":24846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renton","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stiller, A.","contributorId":20906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiller","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016370,"text":"70016370 - 1990 - Geotechnical engineering for ocean waste disposal. An introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:42","indexId":"70016370","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geotechnical engineering for ocean waste disposal. An introduction","docAbstract":"As members of multidisciplinary teams, geotechnical engineers apply quantitative knowledge about the behavior of earth materials toward designing systems for disposing of wastes in the oceans and monitoring waste disposal sites. In dredge material disposal, geotechnical engineers assist in selecting disposal equipment, predict stable characteristics of dredge mounds, design mound caps, and predict erodibility of the material. In canister disposal, geotechnical engineers assist in specifying canister configurations, predict penetration depths into the seafloor, and predict and monitor canister performance following emplacement. With sewage outfalls, geotechnical engineers design foundation and anchor elements, estimate scour potential around the outfalls, and determine the stability of deposits made up of discharged material. With landfills, geotechnical engineers evaluate the stability and erodibility of margins and estimate settlement and cracking of the landfill mass. Geotechnical engineers also consider the influence that pollutants have on the engineering behavior of marine sediment and the extent to which changes in behavior affect the performance of structures founded on the sediment. In each of these roles, careful application of geotechnical engineering principles can contribute toward more efficient and environmentally safe waste disposal operations.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Ocean Waste Disposal","conferenceDate":"26 January 1989 through 26 January 1989","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Demars, K.R., and Chaney, R.C., 1990, Geotechnical engineering for ocean waste disposal. An introduction, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1087, Orlando, FL, USA, 26 January 1989 through 26 January 1989, p. 3-17.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1087","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28bae4b0c8380cd5a366","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Demars Kenneth R.Chaney Ronald C.","contributorId":128358,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Demars Kenneth R.Chaney Ronald C.","id":536328,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":373301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demars, Kenneth R.","contributorId":71443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demars","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chaney, Ronald C.","contributorId":64952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016320,"text":"70016320 - 1990 - H2O grain size and the amount of dust in Mars' residual North polar cap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T15:57:16.500796","indexId":"70016320","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"H2O grain size and the amount of dust in Mars' residual North polar cap","title":"H2O grain size and the amount of dust in Mars' residual North polar cap","docAbstract":"In Mars' north polar cap the probable composition of material residual from the annual condensation cycle is a mixture of fine dust and H2O grains of comparable size and abundance. However, metamorphism of such material will gradually lower its albedo by increasing the size of the H2O grains only. If the cap is undergoing net annual sublimation (as inferred from water vapor observations), late summer observations should be of old ice with H2O grain sizes of 100 μm or more. Ice of this granularity containing 30% fine dust has a reflectivity similar to that of dust alone; the observed albedo and computed ice grain size imply dust concentrations of 1 part per 1000 or less. The brightness of the icy areas conflicts with what would be expected for a residual cap deposited by an annual cycle similar to that observed by Viking and aged for thousands of years. The residual cap surface cannot be “old dirty” ice. It could be old, coarse, and clean; or it could be young, fine, and dirty. This brings into question both the source of the late summer water vapor and the formation rate of laminated terrain.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB02p01481","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H.H., 1990, H2O grain size and the amount of dust in Mars' residual North polar cap: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, no. B2, p. 1481-1493, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB02p01481.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1481","endPage":"1493","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e76e4b0c8380cd5c56a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016319,"text":"70016319 - 1990 - Age of the Peach Springs Tuff, southeastern California and western Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:10:17.573836","indexId":"70016319","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of the Peach Springs Tuff, southeastern California and western Arizona","docAbstract":"Sanidine separates from pumice of the early Miocene Peach Springs Tuff are concordantly dated at 18.5±0.2 Ma by two isotopic techniques. The Peach Springs Tuff is the only known unit that can be correlated between isolated outcrops of Miocene strata from the central Mojave Desert of southeastern California to the western Colorado Plateau in Arizona, across five structural provinces, a distance of 350 km. Thus the age of the Peach Springs Tuff is important to structural and paleogeographic reconstructions of a large region. Biotite and sanidine separates from bulk samples of the Peach Springs Tuff from zones of welding and vapor-phase alteration have not produced consistent ages by the K-Ar method. Published ages of mineral separates from 17 localities ranged from 16.2 to 20.5 Ma. Discordant 40Ar/39Ar incremental release spectra were obtained for one biotite and two of the sanidine separates. Ages that correspond to the last gas increments are as old as 27 Ma. The 40Ar/39Ar incremental release determinations on sanidine separated from blocks of Peach Springs Tuff pumice yield ages of 18.3±0.3 and 18.6±0.4 Ma. Laser fusion measurements yield a mean age of 18.51±0.10. The results suggest that sanidine and biotite K-Ar ages older than about 18.5 Ma are due to inherited Ar from pre-Tertiary contaminants, which likely were incorporated into the tuff during deposition. Sanidine K-Ar ages younger than 18 Ma probably indicate incomplete extraction of radiogenic 40Ar, whereas laser fusion dates of biotite and hornblende younger than 18 Ma likely are due to postdepositional alteration. Laser fusion ages as high as 19.01 Ma on biotite grains from pumice suggest that minerals from pre-Tertiary country rocks also were incorporated in the magma chamber.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB01p00571","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Nielson, J.E., Lux, D.R., Dalrymple, G.B., and Glazner, A.F., 1990, Age of the Peach Springs Tuff, southeastern California and western Arizona: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B1, p. 571-580, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB01p00571.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"580","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488619,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb095ib01p00571","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f1e4b0c8380cd47fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielson, J. E.","contributorId":106140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lux, D. R.","contributorId":50581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lux","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glazner, A. F.","contributorId":91639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glazner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137860,"text":"70137860 - 1990 - Origin, structure, and evolution of a reattachment bar, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-13T14:24:30","indexId":"70137860","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin, structure, and evolution of a reattachment bar, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"In a channel expansion, flow can separate from the bank, creating a zone of relatively weak recirculating current. Bars that accumulate in this weak flow near the point where flow reattaches to the bank are called reattachment bars. As a reattachment bar evolves, the recirculation zone may fill with sediment and restrict flow from the main channel. The increasingly restricted flow over the bar causes ripples to replace dunes and causes the sediment size to fine; the resulting vertical sequence resembles that of point bars. Seasonal and daily flow fluctuations in the Grand Canyon complicate this idealized sequence. Changes in discharge alter the geometry of recirculation zones, flow within the recirculation zones, the location of depositional and erosional sites, the kind of bedform and migration direction of bedforms on the bar, and the transported sediment size. Dunes and ripples within a recirculation zone migrate in a rotary pattern in response to the recirculating flow. Ripples near the reattachment point often resemble oscillation ripples in morphology and dynamics. The reversing flow that creates these ripples is caused by fluctuations in location of the reattachment point. These fluctuations cause flow near the reattachment point to reverse in an upstream-downstream direction, thereby producing symmetrical, reversing ripples with crests that trend normal to the bank. Low rates of ripple migration in the reversing flow, accompanied by rapid deposition, cause these ripples to climb at a high angle. At increasing distances from the reattachment point, the reversing flow is less balanced, and the ripples climb at lower angles as they migrate upstream and downstream. Although these observations were made in a bedrock canyon, the same processes operate in alluvial and tidal channels and are important in adjusting the shape of channels on point bars and concave benches and behind bedforms that become emergent at low stage. Reattachment bars can be recognized by the rotary flow patterns and by symmetrical, reversing, vertically climbing ripples.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","doi":"10.1306/D426765E-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., Schmidt, J.C., and Moore, J.N., 1990, Origin, structure, and evolution of a reattachment bar, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 60, no. 6, p. 982-991, https://doi.org/10.1306/D426765E-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"982","endPage":"991","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -108.8525390625,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -108.9404296875,\n 31.27855085894653\n ],\n [\n -114.7412109375,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 37.09023980307208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c1fe4b08de9379b3643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016334,"text":"70016334 - 1990 - Geological interpretation of combined Seabeam, Gloria and seismic data from Anegada Passage (Virgin Islands, north Caribbean)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T08:58:15","indexId":"70016334","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological interpretation of combined Seabeam, Gloria and seismic data from Anegada Passage (Virgin Islands, north Caribbean)","docAbstract":"The Anegada Passage (sensu lato) includes several basins and ridges from Southeast of Puerto Rico to the corner of the Virgin Islands Platform. Seabeam (Seacarib I) and Gloria long-range sidescan sonar surveys were carried out in this area. These new data allow us to propose an interpretation of the Anegada Passage. Most of the features described are related to wrench faulting: (a) St Croix and Virgin Islands Basins are pull-apart basins created in a right-lateral strike-slip environment based on their rhomboidal shape and seismic data (e.g. the flower structure). These two pull-aparts are divided into two sub-basins by a curvilinear normal fault in the Virgin Islands Basin and a right-lateral strike-slip fault in the St Croix Basin. (b) Tortola Ridge and a 'dog's leg' shaped structure are inferred to be restraining bends between two right-lateral strike-slip faults. (c) We identified two ENE-WSW volcanic lineaments in the eastern area and one volcano lying between Virgin Islands and St Croix Basins. (d) As shown by the seismic activity main wrench motion occurs along the north slope of Virgin Islands Basin and through Anegada Passage. A branching of this main fault transmits the transtensional motion to St Croix Basin. A two-stage story is proposed for the creation of the basins. A first extensional event during Eocene(?)-Oligocene-lower Miocene time created Virgin Islands, St Croix Basins and the tilted blocks of St Croix Ridge. A second transtensional event from Pliocene to Recent gave the present day pattern to this area. However, the displacement along the strike-slip faults is no more than 15 km long. The proposed geodynamic model is based on the separation of the northeastern Caribbean boundary into two blocks. In the West, the indenter of Beata Ridge gives a northeastern motion to Hispaniola Block. In the East, as a result of Hispaniola Block's motion, the Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands Block could escape in an east-northeast direction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02266712","usgsCitation":"Jany, I., Scanlon, K.M., and Mauffret, A., 1990, Geological interpretation of combined Seabeam, Gloria and seismic data from Anegada Passage (Virgin Islands, north Caribbean): Marine Geophysical Research, v. 12, no. 3, p. 173-196, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02266712.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"Anegada Passage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.1708984375,\n 17.528820674552627\n ],\n [\n -64.0008544921875,\n 17.528820674552627\n ],\n [\n -64.0008544921875,\n 18.63583516062285\n ],\n [\n -65.1708984375,\n 18.63583516062285\n ],\n [\n -65.1708984375,\n 17.528820674552627\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2268e4b0c8380cd5700a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jany, I.","contributorId":29269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jany","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mauffret, A.","contributorId":94921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauffret","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016369,"text":"70016369 - 1990 - Multi-model stereo restitution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016369","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-model stereo restitution","docAbstract":"Methods are described that permit simultaneous orientation of many small-frame photogrammetric models in an analytical plotter. The multi-model software program enables the operator to move freely between the oriented models during interpretation and mapping. Models change automatically when the measuring mark is moved from one frame to another, moving to the same ground coordinates in the neighboring model. Thus, data collection and plotting can be performed continuously across model boundaries. The orientation of the models is accomplished by a bundle block adjustment. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dueholm, K., 1990, Multi-model stereo restitution: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 56, no. 2, p. 239-242.","startPage":"239","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb9e4b0c8380cd710cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dueholm, K.S.","contributorId":98338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dueholm","given":"K.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016368,"text":"70016368 - 1990 - Simulation of rockfalls triggered by earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016368","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3306,"text":"Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of rockfalls triggered by earthquakes","docAbstract":"A computer program to simulate the downslope movement of boulders in rolling or bouncing modes has been developed and applied to actual rockfalls triggered by the Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence in 1980 and the Central Idaho earthquake in 1983. In order to reproduce a movement mode where bouncing predominated, we introduced an artificial unevenness to the slope surface by adding a small random number to the interpolated value of the mid-points between the adjacent surveyed points. Three hundred simulations were computed for each site by changing the random number series, which determined distances and bouncing intervals. The movement of the boulders was, in general, rather erratic depending on the random numbers employed, and the results could not be seen as deterministic but stochastic. The closest agreement between calculated and actual movements was obtained at the site with the most detailed and accurate topographic measurements. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01020418","issn":"07232632","usgsCitation":"Kobayashi, Y., Harp, E.L., and Kagawa, T., 1990, Simulation of rockfalls triggered by earthquakes: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, v. 23, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01020418.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020418"},{"id":223466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b907be4b08c986b31951b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kobayashi, Y.","contributorId":64811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kobayashi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kagawa, T.","contributorId":88089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kagawa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016424,"text":"70016424 - 1990 - Cooling rate and thermal structure determined from progressive magnetization of the dacite dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T15:30:45.753432","indexId":"70016424","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cooling rate and thermal structure determined from progressive magnetization of the dacite dome at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"Our study of a magnetic anomaly associated with the recently active dacite dome at Mount St. Helens suggests that the dome consists of a hot, nonmagnetized core surrounded by a cool, magnetized carapace and flanking talus. The talus does not contribute to the anomaly because its constituent blocks are randomly oriented. Temporal changes in the magnetic anomaly indicate that the magnetized carapace thickened at an average rate of 0.03±0.01 m/d from 1984 to 1986. Petrographic and rock magnetic properties of dome samples indicate that the dominant process responsible for these changes is magnetization of extensively oxidized rock at progressively deeper levels within the dome as the rock cools through its blocking temperature, rather than subsequent changes in magnetization caused by further oxidation. Newly extruded material cools rapidly for a short period as heat is conducted outward in response to convective heat loss from its surface. The cooling rate gradually declines for several weeks, and thereafter the material cools at a relatively constant rate by convective heat loss from its interior along fractures that propagate inward. The rate of internal convective heat loss through fractures varies with rainfall, snowmelt, and large-scale fracturing during subsequent eruptive episodes. In accordance with a model for solidification of the 1959 lava lake at Kilauea Iki, Hawaii, we picture the dome's magnetized carapace as being a two-phase, porous, convective zone separated from the nonmagnetized core of the dome by a thin, single-phase conductive zone. As a consequence of the heat balance between the conductive and convective zones, the blocking-temperature isotherm migrates inward at a relatively constant rate. If the dome remains inactive, the time scale for its complete magnetization is estimated to be 18–36 years, a forecast which can be refined by shallow drilling into the dome and by continuing studies of its growing magnetic anomaly.
This work compares and models the adsorption of selenium and other anions on a neutral to alkaline surface (amorphous iron oxyhydroxide) and an acidic surface (manganese dioxide). Selenium adsorption on these oxides is examined as a function of pH, particle concentration, oxidation state, and competing anion concentration in order to assess how these factors might influence the mobility of selenium in the environment. The data indicate that 1. 1) amorphous iron oxyhydroxide has a greater affinity for selenium than manganese dioxide, 2. 2) selenite [Se(IV)] adsorption increases with decreasing pH and increasing particle concentration and is stronger than selenate [Se(VI)] adsorption on both oxides, and 3. 3) selenate does not adsorb on manganese dioxide. The relative affinity of selenate and selenite for the oxides and the lack of adsorption of selenate on a strongly acidic surface suggests that selenate forms outer-sphere complexes while selenite forms inner-sphere complexes with the surfaces. The data also indicate that the competition sequence of other anions with respect to selenite adsorption at pH 7.0 is phosphate > silicate > molybdate > fluoride > sulfate on amorphous iron oxyhydroxide and molybdate ??? phosphate > silicate > fluoride > sulfate on manganese dioxide. The adsorption of phosphate, molybdate, and silicate on these oxides as a function of pH indicates that the competition sequences reflect the relative affinities of these anions for the surfaces. The Triple Layer surface complexation model is used to provide a quantitative description of these observations and to assess the importance of surface site heterogeneity on anion adsorption. The modeling results suggest that selenite forms binuclear, innersphere complexes with amorphous iron oxyhydroxide and monodentate, inner-sphere complexes with manganese dioxide and that selenate forms outer-sphere, monodentate complexes with amorphous iron oxyhydroxide. The heterogeneity of the oxide surface sites is reflected in decreasing equilibrium constants for selenite with increasing adsorption density and both experimental observations and modeling results suggest that manganese dioxide has fewer sites of higher energy for selenite adsorption than amorphous iron oxyhydroxide. Modeling and interpreting the adsorption of phosphate, molybdate, and silicate on the oxides are made difficult by the lack of constraint in choosing surface species and the fact that equally good fits can be obtained with different surface species. Finally, predictions of anion competition using the model results from single adsorbate systems are not very successful because the model does not account for surface site heterogeneity. Selenite adsorption data from a multi-adsorbate system could be fit if the equilibrium constant for selenite is decreased with increasing anion adsorption density.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(90)90369-V","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., and Chao, T.T., 1990, Adsorption of selenium by amorphous iron oxyhydroxide and manganese dioxide: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, no. 3, p. 739-751, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90369-V.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"751","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6fee4b0c8380cd4779c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016248,"text":"70016248 - 1990 - Estimates of ion sources in deciduous and coniferous throughfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T18:31:03.973874","indexId":"70016248","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":925,"text":"Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of ion sources in deciduous and coniferous throughfall","docAbstract":"Estimates of external and internal sources of ions in net througfall deposition were derived for a deciduous and coniferous canopy by use of multiple regression. The external source component appears to be dominated by dry deposition of Ca2+, SO2 and NO3− during dormant and growing seasons for the two canopy types. Increases in the leaching rates of K+ and Mg2+ during the growing season reflect the presence of leaves in the deciduous canopy and increased physiological activity in both canopies. Internal leaching rates for SO42− doubled during the growing season presumably caused by increased physiological activity and uptake of SO2 through stomates. Net deposition of SO42− in throughfall during the growing season appears highly dependent on stomatal uptake of SO2. Estimates of SO2 deposition velocities were 0.06 cm s−1 and 0.13 cm s−1 for the deciduous and coniferous canopies, respectively, during the dormant seasons, and 0.30 cm s−1 and 0.43 cm s−1 for the deciduous and coniferous canopies, respectively, during the growing season. For the ions of major interest with respect to ecosystem effects, namely H+, NO3− and SO42−, precipitation inputs generally outweighed estimates of dry deposition input. However, net throughfall deposition of NO3− and SO42− accounted for 20–47 and 34–50 per cent, respectively, of total deposition of those ions. Error estimates of ion sources were at least 50–100 per cent and the method is subject to several assumptions and limitations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0960-1686(90)90009-C","issn":"00046981","usgsCitation":"Puckett, L., 1990, Estimates of ion sources in deciduous and coniferous throughfall: Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics, v. 24, no. 3, p. 545-555, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(90)90009-C.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"555","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Mill Run Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.57456741063758,\n 38.66809837508893\n ],\n [\n -78.59928664891895,\n 38.644505297831785\n ],\n [\n -78.58143386571572,\n 38.63377860300142\n ],\n [\n -78.46333083837246,\n 38.66488159488662\n ],\n [\n -78.38917312352832,\n 38.669170603041294\n ],\n [\n -78.36994704930986,\n 38.65630280784663\n ],\n [\n -78.33698806493446,\n 38.660592329818996\n ],\n [\n -78.30540237157564,\n 38.70240170433681\n ],\n [\n -78.37269363134097,\n 38.70025822806633\n ],\n [\n -78.33424148290335,\n 38.73347488995111\n ],\n [\n -78.28480300634125,\n 38.76346376605096\n ],\n [\n -78.23261794774741,\n 38.76774686283588\n ],\n [\n -78.16258010595033,\n 38.815913982584505\n ],\n [\n -78.19965896337203,\n 38.84052016210899\n ],\n [\n -78.20103225438793,\n 38.8929136576796\n ],\n [\n -78.11451492040347,\n 38.9217670404756\n ],\n [\n -78.29166946141939,\n 39.007189675343795\n ],\n [\n -78.30265578954385,\n 38.946336597093534\n ],\n [\n -78.34248122899734,\n 38.874740696899096\n ],\n [\n -78.489423367669,\n 38.74632880789636\n ],\n [\n -78.57456741063758,\n 38.66809837508893\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ae5e4b0c8380cd524a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckett, L.J.","contributorId":27503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015766,"text":"70015766 - 1990 - Determination of the accuracy and operating constants in a digitally biased ring core magnetometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T09:32:39","indexId":"70015766","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of the accuracy and operating constants in a digitally biased ring core magnetometer","docAbstract":"By using a very stable voltage reference and a high precision digital-to-analog converter to set bias in digital increments, the inherently high stability and accuracy of a ring core magnetometer can be significantly enhanced. In this case it becomes possible to measure not only variations about the bias level, but to measure the entire value of the field along each magnetometer sensing axis in a nearly absolute sense. To accomplish this, one must accurately determine the value of the digital bias increment for each axis, the zero field offset value for each axis, the scale values, and the transfer coefficients (or nonorthogonality angles) for pairs of axes. This determination can be carried out very simply, using only the Earth's field, a proton magnetometer, and a tripod-mounted fixture which is capable of rotations about two axes that are mutually perpendicular to the Earth's magnetic field vector. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(90)90217-L","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Green, A., 1990, Determination of the accuracy and operating constants in a digitally biased ring core magnetometer: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 119-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90217-L.","startPage":"119","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267312,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90217-L"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffd3e4b0c8380cd4f3f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, A.W. 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