Strong motion records for the Whittier Narrows earthquake are inverted to obtain the history of slip. Both constant rupture velocity models and variable rupture velocity models are considered. The results show a complex rupture process within a relatively small source volume, with at least four separate concentrations of slip. Two sources are associated with the hypocenter, the larger having a slip of 55–90 cm, depending on the rupture model. These sources have a radius of approximately 2–3 km and are ringed by a region of reduced slip. The aftershocks fall within this low slip annulus. Other sources with slips from 40 to 70 cm each ring the central source region and the aftershock pattern. All the sources are predominantly thrust, although some minor right-lateral strike-slip motion is seen. The overall dimensions of the Whittier earthquake from the strong motion inversions is 10 km long (along the strike) and 6 km wide (down the dip). The preferred dip is 30° and the preferred average rupture velocity is 2.5 km/s. Moment estimates range from 7.4 to 10.0×1024 dyn cm, depending on the rupture model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB08p12475","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., and Iida, M., 1990, Source complexity of the 1987 Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake from the inversion of strong motion records: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B8, p. 12475-12485, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB08p12475.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"12475","endPage":"12485","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9329e4b08c986b31a326","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iida, M.","contributorId":59563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iida","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016526,"text":"70016526 - 1990 - Method to estimate center of rigidity using vibration recordings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-15T20:18:38","indexId":"70016526","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method to estimate center of rigidity using vibration recordings","docAbstract":"A method to estimate the center of rigidity of buildings by using vibration recordings is presented. The method is based on the criterion that the coherence of translational motions with the rotational motion is minimum at the center of rigidity. Since the coherence is a function of frequency, a gross but frequency-independent measure of the coherency is defined as the integral of the coherence function over the frequency. The center of rigidity is determined by minimizing this integral. The formulation is given for two-dimensional motions. Two examples are presented for the method; a rectangular building with ambient-vibration recordings, and a triangular building with earthquake-vibration recordings. Although the examples given are for buildings, the method can be applied to any structure with two-dimensional motions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:1(85)","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., and Çelebi, M., 1990, Method to estimate center of rigidity using vibration recordings: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 116, no. 1, p. 85-97, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:1(85).","startPage":"85","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269415,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:1(85)"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5562e4b0c8380cd6d1d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, Erdal","contributorId":73984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"Erdal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":373809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016525,"text":"70016525 - 1990 - Some hydrological impacts of climate change for the Delaware River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016525","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Some hydrological impacts of climate change for the Delaware River Basin","docAbstract":"To gain insight into possible impacts of climate change on water availability in the Delaware River, two models are linked. The first model is a monthly water balance model that converts the temperature and precipitation values generated by a random number generator to monthly streamflow values. The monthly streamflow values are input to a second model that simulates the operation of reservoirs and diversions within the basin. The output for the two linked models consists of time series of reservoir levels and streamflow at key points in the basin. Model results for a base case, in which monthly temperature and precipitation statistics are unchanged from historical records, are compared to several changed-climate scenarios under a standard set of rules of operation.","conferenceTitle":"Optimizing the Resources for Water Management - Proceedings of the ASCE 17th Annual National Conference","conferenceDate":"17 April 1990 through 21 April 1990","conferenceLocation":"Fort Worth, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"087262756X","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., 1990, Some hydrological impacts of climate change for the Delaware River Basin, Optimizing the Resources for Water Management - Proceedings of the ASCE 17th Annual National Conference, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 17 April 1990 through 21 April 1990, p. 541-544.","startPage":"541","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92b1e4b08c986b31a072","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016524,"text":"70016524 - 1990 - Enigmatic eight-meter trace fossils in the Lower Pennsylvanian Lee sandstone, central Appalachian basin, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-20T11:42:18.746862","indexId":"70016524","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enigmatic eight-meter trace fossils in the Lower Pennsylvanian Lee sandstone, central Appalachian basin, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Enigmatic tubular trace fossils up to eight meters long occur in the Lower Pennsylvanian Middlesboro Member of the Lee Formation. Two morphotypes occur: type 1 trace fossils are plain, smooth, vertical, nonbranching, parallel-walled, tubular structures; type 2 trace fossils branch, have walls with faint vertical striations, regularly or irregularly spaced nodes, and funnel-shaped terminations. Sandstone casts filling type 2 structures have helical spiral morphology, and, in rare individuals, faint meniscate fills have been observed. Both trace-fossil morphotypes have poorly cemented wall linings containing framboidal pyrite, amorphous carbon, quartz sand, and poorly preserved fecal material.
The trace fossils occur in a massive, structureless, channel-form sandstone, originating at the contact between a channel lag and the overlying massive fill. The stratigraphic sequence is interpreted to represent a barrier island transgressing an estuarine facies. A tidal inlet within the barrier facies scoured into the underlying estuarine sediments. Subsequent rapid filling of the inlet led to the deposition of the massive sandstone.
Origin of these structures is uncertain. The preponderance of evidence favors the hypothesis that the structures are escape burrows of animals that had colonized, or were concentrated in, the lag and were suddenly buried by the deposition of the massive sand. However, no likely burrower has been identified, and several characteristics of the structures and the enclosing sediments indicate that they may be completely inorganic in origin.
The use of direct current resistivity soundings to explore the geothermal potential of the Medicine Lake area in northern California proved to be challenging because of high contact resistances and winding roads. Deep Schlumberger soundings were made by expanding current electrode spacings along the winding roads. Measured apparent resistivities were corrected using the geometric factor for the exact array geometry instead of a linear array geometry. For horizontally stratified, laterally homogeneous media, the apparent resistivities measured with a nonlinear Schlumberger array are equal to those measured with a linear Schlumberger array provided that (a) distances from the current electrodes to the center of the array are equal, and (b) the proper geometric factor is used to calculate the apparent resistivity. Corrected sounding data were interpreted using an automatic interpretation method. Forty-two maps of interpreted resistivity were calculated for depths extending from 20 to 1000 m. Computer animation of these 42 maps revealed that (a) certain subtle anomalies migrate laterally with depth and can be traced to their origin, (b) an extensive volume of low-resistivity material underlies the survey area, and (c) the three areas (east of Bullseye Lake, southwest of Glass Mountain, and northwest of Medicine Lake) may be favorable geothermal targets. Six interpreted resistivity maps and three cross-sections illustrate the above findings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442925","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Zohdy, A., and Bisdorf, R., 1990, Schlumberger soundings near Medicine Lake, California: Geophysics, v. 55, no. 8, p. 956-964, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442925.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"956","endPage":"964","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8759e4b08c986b316438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zohdy, A.A.R.","contributorId":43503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zohdy","given":"A.A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bisdorf, R.J.","contributorId":42960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bisdorf","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016342,"text":"70016342 - 1990 - Stability of giant sand waves in eastern Long Island Sound, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-23T11:59:15.538811","indexId":"70016342","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of giant sand waves in eastern Long Island Sound, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"A combination of a highly accurate bathymetric surveying technique and in-situ submersible observations and measurements were used to assess the migrational trends and morphological changes of large sand waves (Ht ≤ 17 m) in eastern Long Island Sound. Although residing in a high-energy tidal environment characterized by a net westward sediment flux, the large bedforms are relatively stable over the short term. Over a 7 month period, 55.1% of a total 2942 m of sand wave crestline lengths migrated less than the horizontal accuracy limits of navigation (2 m). Approximately 35% of the remaining sand wave crests migrated less than 4 m. Net migration of the sand wave crests in the study area was 0.2 m. In addition, the bulk form (center of area in profile view) or the base of the sand waves showed little, if any, movement. These data, in conjunction with flow data within the sand wave field, suggest that net migration rates are greater than the time span of this study and/or the sand waves move in response to large residual flows created by high-energy, aperiodic storm events. The latter scenerio suggests that day to day processes only serve to rework and modify the sand waves.
The Mississippi River and its tributaries drain extensive agricultural regions of the midcontinental United States, where large amounts of herbicides are applied as weed control agents on crops such as corn and soybeans. Studies being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey along the lower Mississippi River and its major tributaries, representing a 1930-km river reach, have confirmed that several triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides and their degradation products are present in this riverine system. These herbicides include atrazine, and its degradation products, desethyl- and desisopropylatrazine; cyanazine; simazine; metolachlor; and alachlor and its degradation products, 2-chloro-2',6'-diethylacetanilide, and 2-hydroxy-2',6'-diethylacetanilide. Loads of these compounds were determined at 17 different sampling stations under various seasonal and hydrologic conditions, during five sampling trips from July 1987 to June 1989. Stream loads of herbicides were relatively small during the drought of 1987 and 1988. Stream loads were much greater during the relatively wet year of 1989. Trace levels of atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor also were associated with suspended sediments. Distribution coefficients (Koc) of these compounds varied considerably between sites and were much larger than Koc values reported in the literature. The annual transport of atrazine into the Gulf of Mexico was estimated to be less than 2% of the amount of atrazine applied each year in the midwest.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00079a015","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., 1990, Occurrence, distributions, and transport of herbicides and their degradation products in the lower Mississippi river and its tributaries: ES and T Contents, v. 24, no. 9, p. 1400-1406, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00079a015.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1400","endPage":"1406","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lower Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -91.790771484375,\n 33.925129700072\n ],\n [\n -91.8896484375,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -92.362060546875,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -92.373046875,\n 29.52567042617583\n ],\n [\n -91.64794921875,\n 29.161755515328824\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -88.05541992187499,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -89.05517578125,\n 29.46829664171322\n ],\n [\n -90.670166015625,\n 30.732392734006083\n ],\n [\n -90.604248046875,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 34.19817309627726\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c69e4b0c8380cd74bed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015778,"text":"70015778 - 1990 - Oil-shale data, cores, and samples collected by the U.S. geological survey through 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:55","indexId":"70015778","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Oil-shale data, cores, and samples collected by the U.S. geological survey through 1989","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has acquired a large collection of geotechnical data, drill cores, and crushed samples of oil shale from the Eocene Green River Formation in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. The data include about 250,000 shale-oil analyses from about 600 core holes. Most of the data is from Colorado where the thickest and highest-grade oil shales of the Green River Formation are found in the Piceance Creek basin. Other data on file but not yet in the computer database include hundreds of lithologic core descriptions, geophysical well logs, and mineralogical and geochemical analyses. The shale-oil analyses are being prepared for release on floppy disks for use on microcomputers. About 173,000 lineal feet of drill core of oil shale and associated rocks, as well as 100,000 crushed samples of oil shale, are stored at the Core Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colo. These materials are available to the public for research.","largerWorkTitle":"Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 23rd Oil Shale Symposium","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Colorado Sch of Mines Press","publisherLocation":"Golden, CO, United States","issn":"02710315","usgsCitation":"Dyni, J.R., Gay, F., and Michalski, T.C., 1990, Oil-shale data, cores, and samples collected by the U.S. geological survey through 1989, in Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings, Golden, CO, USA, p. 10-15.","startPage":"10","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d18e4b0c8380cd74f65","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gary James H.","contributorId":128340,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gary James H.","id":536304,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Dyni, John R. jdyni@usgs.gov","contributorId":756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyni","given":"John","email":"jdyni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":371749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gay, Frances","contributorId":52204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"Frances","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michalski, Thomas C.","contributorId":97086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michalski","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016382,"text":"70016382 - 1990 - The flaminio obelisk in Rome: vibrational characteristics as part of preservation efforts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T15:19:49","indexId":"70016382","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1434,"text":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The flaminio obelisk in Rome: vibrational characteristics as part of preservation efforts","docAbstract":"The purpose of the paper is to study the vibrational characteristics of the Flaminio Obelisk in Rome as part of general studies being performed for preservation purposes. The state of preservation of the monument is described as well as the sonic method used to evaluate the integrity of the sections. The results of the sonic tests are used to determine reductions in the cross-sectional properties. A stick model including two rotational frequency independent soil springs at the basement level of the obelisk is developed. A response spectrum and stress analysis according to the Italian Seismic Code is performed considering and evaluating the degraded characteristics of sections. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4290190110","usgsCitation":"Bongiovanni, G., Çelebi, M., and Clemente, P., 1990, The flaminio obelisk in Rome: vibrational characteristics as part of preservation efforts: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, v. 19, no. 1, p. 107-118, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290190110.","startPage":"107","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269242,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290190110"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac0de4b08c986b323237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bongiovanni, G.","contributorId":56377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bongiovanni","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clemente, P.","contributorId":100536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemente","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015963,"text":"70015963 - 1990 - Effect of soil moisture on the sorption of trichloroethene vapor to vadose-zone soil at picatinny arsenal, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-04T19:40:36","indexId":"70015963","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of soil moisture on the sorption of trichloroethene vapor to vadose-zone soil at picatinny arsenal, New Jersey","docAbstract":"This report presents data on the sorption of trichloroethene (TCE) vapor to vadose-zone soil above a contaminated water-table aquifer at Picatinny Arsenal in Morris County, NJ. To assess the impact of moisture on TCE sorption, batch experiments on the sorption of TCE vapor by the field soil were carried out as a function of relative humidity. The TCE sorption decreases as soil moisture content increases from zero to saturation soil moisture content (the soil moisture content in equilibrium with 100% relative humidity). The moisture content of soil samples collected from the vadose zone was found to be greater than the saturation soil-moisture content, suggesting that adsorption of TCE by the mineral fraction of the vadose-zone soil should be minimal relative to the partition uptake by soil organic matter. Analyses of soil and soil-gas samples collected from the field indicate that the ratio of the concentration of TCE on the vadose-zone soil to its concentration in the soil gas is 1-3 orders of magnitude greater than the ratio predicted by using an assumption of equilibrium conditions. This apparent disequilibrium presumably results from the slow desorption of TCE from the organic matter of the vadose-zone soil relative to the dissipation of TCE vapor from the soil gas.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00075a010","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.A., Chiou, C.T., Kammer, J., and Kile, D.E., 1990, Effect of soil moisture on the sorption of trichloroethene vapor to vadose-zone soil at picatinny arsenal, New Jersey: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 24, no. 5, p. 676-683, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00075a010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"683","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.696044921875,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -75.03662109375,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 40.12849105685408\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 39.791654835253425\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 39.614152077002664\n ],\n [\n -75.531005859375,\n 39.42770738465604\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 39.138581990583525\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 39.138581990583525\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -74.94873046875,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -74.20166015624999,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -74.14672851562499,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -74.696044921875,\n 41.376808565702355\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0609e4b0c8380cd510b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J. A.","contributorId":101646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kammer, J.A.","contributorId":87299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammer","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015764,"text":"70015764 - 1990 - The Bayan Obo iron-rare-earth-niobium deposits, Inner Mongolia, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T15:50:25","indexId":"70015764","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Bayan Obo iron-rare-earth-niobium deposits, Inner Mongolia, China","docAbstract":"The plate tectonic setting, regional geology and certain aspects of the economic geology of the iron-rare-earth-niobium ore bodies at Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China, were studied by a team of geologists from the Tianjin Geologic Research Academy and the U.S. Geological Survey between 1987 and 1989. These ore bodies were formed by hydrothermal replacement of Middle Proterozoic dolomite in an intra-continental rift setting. A variety of veins and/or dikes that have a carbonatitelike mineralogy cut the footwall clastic rocks and migmatites. A stockwork of veins occurs at several locations in the footwall. The hanging wall is a shale that has been converted to a K-metasomatite and has microcrystalline potassium feldspar as its principal constituent. This shale served as a sealing caprock that contained the chemical solutions that reacted with the dolomite and created the enormous concentration of mineralized rock in an 18-kilometer-long syncline. The rocks that host these ore bodies and the associated mineralized areas occur today as roof pendants in granitoid rocks of Permian age that were emplaced during a continent-to-continent collision during that period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0024-4937(90)90040-8","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Drew, L.J., Qingrun, M., and Weijun, S., 1990, The Bayan Obo iron-rare-earth-niobium deposits, Inner Mongolia, China: LITHOS, v. 26, no. 1-2, p. 43-65, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(90)90040-8.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba698e4b08c986b3211fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qingrun, Meng","contributorId":24372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qingrun","given":"Meng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weijun, Sun","contributorId":27874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weijun","given":"Sun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016334,"text":"70016334 - 1990 - Geological interpretation of combined Seabeam, Gloria and seismic data from Anegada Passage (Virgin Islands, north Caribbean)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T08:58:15","indexId":"70016334","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2668,"text":"Marine Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological interpretation of combined Seabeam, Gloria and seismic data from Anegada Passage (Virgin Islands, north Caribbean)","docAbstract":"The Anegada Passage (sensu lato) includes several basins and ridges from Southeast of Puerto Rico to the corner of the Virgin Islands Platform. Seabeam (Seacarib I) and Gloria long-range sidescan sonar surveys were carried out in this area. These new data allow us to propose an interpretation of the Anegada Passage. Most of the features described are related to wrench faulting: (a) St Croix and Virgin Islands Basins are pull-apart basins created in a right-lateral strike-slip environment based on their rhomboidal shape and seismic data (e.g. the flower structure). These two pull-aparts are divided into two sub-basins by a curvilinear normal fault in the Virgin Islands Basin and a right-lateral strike-slip fault in the St Croix Basin. (b) Tortola Ridge and a 'dog's leg' shaped structure are inferred to be restraining bends between two right-lateral strike-slip faults. (c) We identified two ENE-WSW volcanic lineaments in the eastern area and one volcano lying between Virgin Islands and St Croix Basins. (d) As shown by the seismic activity main wrench motion occurs along the north slope of Virgin Islands Basin and through Anegada Passage. A branching of this main fault transmits the transtensional motion to St Croix Basin. A two-stage story is proposed for the creation of the basins. A first extensional event during Eocene(?)-Oligocene-lower Miocene time created Virgin Islands, St Croix Basins and the tilted blocks of St Croix Ridge. A second transtensional event from Pliocene to Recent gave the present day pattern to this area. However, the displacement along the strike-slip faults is no more than 15 km long. The proposed geodynamic model is based on the separation of the northeastern Caribbean boundary into two blocks. In the West, the indenter of Beata Ridge gives a northeastern motion to Hispaniola Block. In the East, as a result of Hispaniola Block's motion, the Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands Block could escape in an east-northeast direction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02266712","usgsCitation":"Jany, I., Scanlon, K.M., and Mauffret, A., 1990, Geological interpretation of combined Seabeam, Gloria and seismic data from Anegada Passage (Virgin Islands, north Caribbean): Marine Geophysical Research, v. 12, no. 3, p. 173-196, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02266712.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"Anegada Passage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.1708984375,\n 17.528820674552627\n ],\n [\n -64.0008544921875,\n 17.528820674552627\n ],\n [\n -64.0008544921875,\n 18.63583516062285\n ],\n [\n -65.1708984375,\n 18.63583516062285\n ],\n [\n -65.1708984375,\n 17.528820674552627\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2268e4b0c8380cd5700a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jany, I.","contributorId":29269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jany","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mauffret, A.","contributorId":94921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauffret","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001380,"text":"1001380 - 1990 - Diet of canvasbacks during breeding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T09:44:45","indexId":"1001380","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet of canvasbacks during breeding","docAbstract":"We examined diets of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) breeding in southwestern Manitoba during 1977-81. Percent volume of animal foods consumed did not differ between males and females nor among prenesting, rapid follicle growth, laying, incubation, and renesting periods in females (mean = 50.1%). Tubers and shoots of fennelleaf pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) and midge larvae (Chironomidae) were the predominant foods, comprising on average 45% and 23% of the diet volume, respectively. Continued importance of plant foods to canvasbacks throughout reproduction contrasts with the mostly invertebrate diets of other prairie-breeding ducks, and does not fit current theories of nutritional ecology of breeding anatids (i.e., females meet the protein requirements of reproduction by consuming a high proportion of animal foods).","language":"English","publisher":"Prairie Naturalist","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., Serie, J., and Noyes, J., 1990, Diet of canvasbacks during breeding: Prairie Naturalist, v. 22, no. 3, p. 171-176.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"176","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.6015625,\n 48.86471476180277\n ],\n [\n -98.5693359375,\n 48.86471476180277\n ],\n [\n -98.5693359375,\n 51.56341232867588\n ],\n [\n -101.6015625,\n 51.56341232867588\n ],\n [\n -101.6015625,\n 48.86471476180277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d982","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Serie, J.R.","contributorId":54919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serie","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noyes, J.H.","contributorId":66636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noyes","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015967,"text":"70015967 - 1990 - Evidence for and implications of self-healing pulses of slip in earthquake rupture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T09:36:55","indexId":"70015967","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for and implications of self-healing pulses of slip in earthquake rupture","docAbstract":"Dislocation time histories of models derived from waveforms of seven earthquakes are discussed. In each model, dislocation rise times (the duration of slip for a given point on the fault) are found to be short compared to the overall duration of the earthquake (??? 10%). However, in many crack-like numerical models of dynamic rupture, the slip duration at a given point is comparable to the overall duration of the rupture; i.e. slip at a given point continues until information is received that the rupture has stopped propagating. Alternative explanations for the discrepancy between the short slip durations used to model waveforms and the long slip durations inferred from dynamic crack models are: (1) the dislocation models are unable to resolve the relatively slow parts of earthquake slip and have seriously underestimated the dislocations for these earthquakes; (2) earthquakes are composed of a sequence of small-dimension (short duration) events that are separated by locked regions (barriers); (3) rupture occurs in a narrow self-healing pulse of slip that travels along the fault surface. Evidence is discussed that suggests that slip durations are indeed short and that the self-healing slip-pulse model is the most appropriate explanation. A qualitative model is presented that produces self-healing slip pulses. The key feature of the model is the assumption that friction on the fault surface is inversely related to the local slip velocity. The model has the following features: high static strength of materials (kilobar range), low static stress drops (in the range of tens of bars), and relatively low frictional stress during slip (less than several hundreds of bars). It is suggested that the reason that the average dislocation scales with fault length is because large-amplitude slip pulses are difficult to stop and hence tend to propagate large distances. This model may explain why seismicity and ambient stress are low along fault segments that have experienced large earthquakes. It also qualitatively explains why the recurrence time for large earthquakes may be irregular. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(90)90002-F","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Heaton, T.H., 1990, Evidence for and implications of self-healing pulses of slip in earthquake rupture: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 64, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90002-F.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267316,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90002-F"},{"id":223341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d36e4b0c8380cd52e9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heaton, T. H.","contributorId":64671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heaton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016373,"text":"70016373 - 1990 - Sediment movement along the U.S. east coast continental shelf-I. Estimates of bottom stress using the Grant-Madsen model and near-bottom wave and current measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T00:45:28.676271","indexId":"70016373","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment movement along the U.S. east coast continental shelf-I. Estimates of bottom stress using the Grant-Madsen model and near-bottom wave and current measurements","docAbstract":"Bottom stress is calculated for several long-term time-series observations, made on the U.S. east coast continental shelf during winter, using the wave-current interaction and moveable bed models of Grant and Madsen (1979, Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 1797-1808; 1982, Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 469-482). The wave and current measurements were obtained by means of a bottom tripod system which measured current using a Savonius rotor and vane and waves by means of a pressure sensor. The variables were burst sampled about 10% of the time. Wave energy was reasonably resolved, although aliased by wave groupiness, and wave period was accurate to 1-2 s during large storms. Errors in current speed and direction depend on the speed of the mean current relative to the wave current. In general, errors in bottom stress caused by uncertainties in measured current speed and wave characteristics were 10-20%.
During storms, the bottom stress calculated using the Grant-Madsen models exceeded stress computed from conventional drag laws by a factor of about 1.5 on average and 3 or more during storm peaks. Thus, even in water as deep as 80 m, oscillatory near-bottom currents associated with surface gravity waves of period 12 s or longer will contribute substantially to bottom stress. Given that the Grant-Madsen model is correct, parameterizations of bottom stress that do not incorporate wave effects will substantially underestimate stress and sediment transport in this region of the continental shelf.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(90)90048-Q","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Lyne, V., Butman, B., and Grant, W., 1990, Sediment movement along the U.S. east coast continental shelf-I. Estimates of bottom stress using the Grant-Madsen model and near-bottom wave and current measurements: Continental Shelf Research, v. 10, no. 5, p. 397-428, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(90)90048-Q.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"428","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank, Mid-Atlantic Bight","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -59.58984374999999,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -59.58984374999999,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b899ce4b08c986b316e40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyne, V.D.","contributorId":78473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyne","given":"V.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butman, B.","contributorId":85580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, W.D.","contributorId":11764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016441,"text":"70016441 - 1990 - Channel-changing processes on the Santa Cruz River, Pima County, Arizona, 1936-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70016441","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Channel-changing processes on the Santa Cruz River, Pima County, Arizona, 1936-86","docAbstract":"Lateral channel change on the mainly ephemeral Santa Cruz River, Pima County, Arizona, causes damage and has spawned costly efforts to control bank erosion. Aerial photographs, historical data, and field observations are used to document the history of channel change since 1936. Variability in the nature and degree of channel change over time and space is shown. Three major channel change processes are: (1) migration by bank erosion during meander migration or initiation; (2) avulsion by overbank flooding and flood plain incision; (3) widening by erosion of low, cohesionless banks during floods and arroyo widening by undercutting and mass wasting of deeply incised vertical walls. The first process generally is a product of low to moderate flows or waning high flows; the others result mainly from higher flows, though sensitive arroyo walls may erode during relatively low flows. Channel morphology, bank resistance, and hydrology are factors determining the dominant channel-changing process on a particular reach of the river. Present river morphology reflects high flows since the 1960's.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands and 1990 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"30 July 1990 through 2 August 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627713","usgsCitation":"Parker, J.T., 1990, Channel-changing processes on the Santa Cruz River, Pima County, Arizona, 1936-86, in Hydraulics/Hydrology of Arid Lands, San Diego, CA, USA, 30 July 1990 through 2 August 1990, p. 441-446.","startPage":"441","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f45de4b0c8380cd4bcb4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"French Richard H.","contributorId":128450,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"French Richard H.","id":536330,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Parker, John T.C.","contributorId":18766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001258,"text":"1001258 - 1990 - Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:29:16","indexId":"1001258","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season","docAbstract":"During 1976-81 we weighed several thousands of wild Mallard, Gadwall, and Blue-winged Teal in central North Dakota to examine duckling growth patterns, adult weights, and the factors influencing them. One-day-old Mallard and Gadwall averaged 32.4 and 30.4 g, respectively, a reduction of 34% and 29% from fresh egg weights. In all three species, the logistic growth curve provided a good fit for duckling growth patterns. Except for the asymptote, there was no difference in growth curves between males and females of a species. Mallard and Gadwall ducklings were heavier in years when wetland area was extensive or had increased from the previous year. Weights of after-second-year females were greater than yearlings for Mallard but not for Gadwall or Blue-winged Teal. Adult Mallard females lost weight continuously from late March to early July. Gadwall and Blue-winged Teal females, which nest later than Mallard, gained weight after spring arrival, lost weight from the onset of nesting until early July, and then regained some weight. Females of all species captured on nests were lighter than those captured off nests at the same time. Male Mallard weights decreased from spring arrival until late May. Male Gadwall and Blue-winged Teal weights increased after spring arrival, then declined until early June. Males of all three species then gained weight until the end of June. Among adults, female Gadwall and male Mallard and Blue-winged Teal were heavier in years when wetland area had increased from the previous year; female Blue-winged Teal were heavier in years with more wetland area.","language":"English","publisher":"WWT","usgsCitation":"Lokemoen, J.T., Johnson, D.H., and Sharp, D., 1990, Weights of wild mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall A. strepera, and blue-winged teal A. discors during the breeding season: Wildfowl, v. 41, p. 122-130.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328538,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/843"}],"volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lokemoen, John T.","contributorId":15555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, David E.","contributorId":12592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"David E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016371,"text":"70016371 - 1990 - The quantitative determination of FeS2 phases in coal by means of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T15:35:53","indexId":"70016371","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1932,"text":"Hyperfine Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The quantitative determination of FeS2 phases in coal by means of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy","docAbstract":"A knowledge of the concentration of pyrite and marcasite in coals can provide important insight into the genesis of coal deposits. Determinations of the relative amounts of pyrite and marcasite by traditional methods of coal analysis are, however, beset with many difficulties. Using 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and a mild chemical treatment with hydrofluoric acid, a technique has been devised for the quantitative determination of the relative concentrations of pyrite and marcasite in samples of whole coals or their low-temperature ashes. The sample preparation procedure is comparable to less accurate methods. Good qualitative agreement has been obtained between ore microscopic and Mössbauer spectroscopic techniques for a series of extensively investigated whole coal samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02405784","issn":"03043843","usgsCitation":"Evans, B., King, H.M., Renton, J.J., and Stiller, A., 1990, The quantitative determination of FeS2 phases in coal by means of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy: Hyperfine Interactions, v. 57, no. 1-4, p. 2187-2193, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02405784.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2187","endPage":"2193","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205381,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405784"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baee9e4b08c986b32440b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, B.J.","contributorId":23687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Hobart M.","contributorId":76826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Hobart","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renton, John J.","contributorId":24846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renton","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stiller, A.","contributorId":20906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiller","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016370,"text":"70016370 - 1990 - Geotechnical engineering for ocean waste disposal. An introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:42","indexId":"70016370","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geotechnical engineering for ocean waste disposal. An introduction","docAbstract":"As members of multidisciplinary teams, geotechnical engineers apply quantitative knowledge about the behavior of earth materials toward designing systems for disposing of wastes in the oceans and monitoring waste disposal sites. In dredge material disposal, geotechnical engineers assist in selecting disposal equipment, predict stable characteristics of dredge mounds, design mound caps, and predict erodibility of the material. In canister disposal, geotechnical engineers assist in specifying canister configurations, predict penetration depths into the seafloor, and predict and monitor canister performance following emplacement. With sewage outfalls, geotechnical engineers design foundation and anchor elements, estimate scour potential around the outfalls, and determine the stability of deposits made up of discharged material. With landfills, geotechnical engineers evaluate the stability and erodibility of margins and estimate settlement and cracking of the landfill mass. Geotechnical engineers also consider the influence that pollutants have on the engineering behavior of marine sediment and the extent to which changes in behavior affect the performance of structures founded on the sediment. In each of these roles, careful application of geotechnical engineering principles can contribute toward more efficient and environmentally safe waste disposal operations.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Ocean Waste Disposal","conferenceDate":"26 January 1989 through 26 January 1989","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Demars, K.R., and Chaney, R.C., 1990, Geotechnical engineering for ocean waste disposal. An introduction, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1087, Orlando, FL, USA, 26 January 1989 through 26 January 1989, p. 3-17.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1087","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28bae4b0c8380cd5a366","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Demars Kenneth R.Chaney Ronald C.","contributorId":128358,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Demars Kenneth R.Chaney Ronald C.","id":536328,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":373301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demars, Kenneth R.","contributorId":71443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demars","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chaney, Ronald C.","contributorId":64952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016359,"text":"70016359 - 1990 - Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T15:31:11.290759","indexId":"70016359","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15","title":"Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15","docAbstract":"The dissimilatory Fe(III) reducer, GS-15, is the first microorganism known to couple the oxidation of aromatic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) and the first example of a pure culture of any kind known to anaerobically oxidize an aromatic hydrocarbon, toluene. In this study, the metabolism of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by GS-15 was investigated in more detail. GS-15 grew in an anaerobic medium with toluene as the sole electron donor and Fe(III) oxide as the electron acceptor. Growth coincided with Fe(III) reduction. [ring-14C]toluene was oxidized to 14CO2, and the stoichiometry of 14CO2 production and Fe(III) reduction indicated that GS-15 completely oxidized toluene to carbon dioxide with Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. Magnetite was the primary iron end product during toluene oxidation. Phenol and p-cresol were also completely oxidized to carbon dioxide with Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor, and GS-15 could obtain energy to support growth by oxidizing either of these compounds as the sole electron donor. p-Hydroxybenzoate was a transitory extracellular intermediate of phenol and p-cresol metabolism but not of toluene metabolism. GS-15 oxidized potential aromatic intermediates in the oxidation of toluene (benzylalcohol and benzaldehyde) and p-cresol (p-hydroxybenzylalcohol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde). The metabolism described here provides a model for how aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols may be oxidized with the reduction of Fe(III) in contaminated aquifers and petroleum-containing sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.56.6.1858-1864.1990","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., and Lonergan, D., 1990, Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 56, no. 6, p. 1858-1864, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.6.1858-1864.1990.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1858","endPage":"1864","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479838,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.6.1858-1864.1990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eac6e4b0c8380cd48a47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lonergan, D.J.","contributorId":86110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonergan","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016333,"text":"70016333 - 1990 - Perspectives on the international decade for natural disaster reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016333","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perspectives on the international decade for natural disaster reduction","docAbstract":"Disaster preparedness and disaster mitigation are the goals of nations throughout the world during the 1990's. The United States will lead this cooperative effort and marshall its national resources to reduce the disaster potential of earthquakes, floods, windstorms, landslides, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and wildfires. These natural hazards cause annual losses of approximately $10 billion in the United States and many times that throughout the world. The type and severity of the hazard varies from State-to-State in the United States. All States are at risk from flooding from sources such as precipitation, snowmelt, thunderstorms, and, along the coast, the storm surges generated in hurricanes. No State is free from the potential impacts of ground shaking induced by earthquakes. The goal of the Decade is to keep such occurrences in the future from being disasters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1585561","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Hays, W., 1990, Perspectives on the international decade for natural disaster reduction: Earthquake Spectra, v. 6, no. 1, p. 125-145, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585561.","startPage":"125","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205320,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585561"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7705e4b0c8380cd783ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hays, Walter W.","contributorId":66669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Walter W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016369,"text":"70016369 - 1990 - Multi-model stereo restitution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016369","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-model stereo restitution","docAbstract":"Methods are described that permit simultaneous orientation of many small-frame photogrammetric models in an analytical plotter. The multi-model software program enables the operator to move freely between the oriented models during interpretation and mapping. Models change automatically when the measuring mark is moved from one frame to another, moving to the same ground coordinates in the neighboring model. Thus, data collection and plotting can be performed continuously across model boundaries. The orientation of the models is accomplished by a bundle block adjustment. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dueholm, K., 1990, Multi-model stereo restitution: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 56, no. 2, p. 239-242.","startPage":"239","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5fb9e4b0c8380cd710cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dueholm, K.S.","contributorId":98338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dueholm","given":"K.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001334,"text":"1001334 - 1990 - Use of social indices to predict reproductive success in canvasbacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-27T15:46:17.580123","indexId":"1001334","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of social indices to predict reproductive success in canvasbacks","docAbstract":"We correlated temporal changes in social groupings of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) breeding near Minnedosa, Manitoba, with an independent estimate of hen success during 1974-80. Roadside counts of pairs, lone males, and flocked males were made along transects at 5-day intervals, normalized to percentages to allow comparisons among years, and plotted to obtain measurements of selected areas between and under the curves. An estimate of hen success was regressed on these selected graph areas each year to derive a predictive equation. Graph areas (social indices) determined from temporal changes in the proportion of pairs, lone males, and flocked males correlated (r2 = 0.69-0.93) with hen success. This technique avoids the need for pair counts, nest searches, and brood counts and provides managers with a useful index to evaluate local management practices and to predict yearly production in time for setting hunting regulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808902","usgsCitation":"Serie, J.R., and Cowardin, L.M., 1990, Use of social indices to predict reproductive success in canvasbacks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 54, no. 1, p. 66-72, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808902.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128943,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","city":"Minnedosa","otherGeospatial":"Aspen Parkland Region, Manitoba","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.13649956773372,\n 50.27764630028179\n ],\n [\n -100.13649956773372,\n 49.94654639650463\n ],\n [\n -99.49365786514724,\n 49.94654639650463\n ],\n [\n -99.49365786514724,\n 50.27764630028179\n ],\n [\n -100.13649956773372,\n 50.27764630028179\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604379","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Serie, Jerome R.","contributorId":174564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serie","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowardin, Lewis M.","contributorId":34574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016368,"text":"70016368 - 1990 - Simulation of rockfalls triggered by earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016368","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3306,"text":"Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of rockfalls triggered by earthquakes","docAbstract":"A computer program to simulate the downslope movement of boulders in rolling or bouncing modes has been developed and applied to actual rockfalls triggered by the Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence in 1980 and the Central Idaho earthquake in 1983. In order to reproduce a movement mode where bouncing predominated, we introduced an artificial unevenness to the slope surface by adding a small random number to the interpolated value of the mid-points between the adjacent surveyed points. Three hundred simulations were computed for each site by changing the random number series, which determined distances and bouncing intervals. The movement of the boulders was, in general, rather erratic depending on the random numbers employed, and the results could not be seen as deterministic but stochastic. The closest agreement between calculated and actual movements was obtained at the site with the most detailed and accurate topographic measurements. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01020418","issn":"07232632","usgsCitation":"Kobayashi, Y., Harp, E.L., and Kagawa, T., 1990, Simulation of rockfalls triggered by earthquakes: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, v. 23, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01020418.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020418"},{"id":223466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b907be4b08c986b31951b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kobayashi, Y.","contributorId":64811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kobayashi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kagawa, T.","contributorId":88089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kagawa","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}