{"pageNumber":"4494","pageRowStart":"112325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184769,"records":[{"id":70179031,"text":"70179031 - 1989 - Seepage study of the South Bend, Richfield, and Vermillion Canals, Sevier County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T12:33:46","indexId":"70179031","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"97","title":"Seepage study of the South Bend, Richfield, and Vermillion Canals, Sevier County, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>A seepage investigation was made in 1987 on selected reaches of the South Bend, Richfield, and Vermillion Canals in Sevier County, Utah, to determine gains or losses in discharge. &nbsp;Fluctuations in discharge were adjusted using information from stage recorders operated at selected locations during each set of discharge measurements. The investigation showed a net gain of 0.2 cubic foot per second in the South Bend canal: the upper reach gained 1.5 cubic feet per second, the two middle reaches together lost 2.5 cubic feet per second, and the lower reach gained 1.2 cubic feet per second. &nbsp;The Richfield Canal showed a net loss of 2.4 cubic feet per second: the two upper reaches together lost 4.4 cubic feet per second and the two lower reaches together gained 2.0 cubic feet per second. &nbsp;The Vermillion canal showed a net loss of 0.2 cubic foot per second: the upper reach gained 2.3 cubic feet per second and the lower reach lost 2.5 cubic feet per second.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Herbert, L.R., and Smith, G.J., 1989, Seepage study of the South Bend, Richfield, and Vermillion Canals, Sevier County, Utah: Technical Publication 97, iv, 50 p.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/y920/y9200005.pdf"},{"id":332069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-420"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Sevier County","otherGeospatial":"Richfield Canal, South Bend Canal, Vermillion Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.25,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.25,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.9,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.9,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.25,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bee4b08138bf1abd6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179265,"text":"70179265 - 1989 - Use of experimental ecosystems in regulatory decision making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-27T11:48:25","indexId":"70179265","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of experimental ecosystems in regulatory decision making","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tiered testing for the effects of chemicals on aquatic ecosystems has begun to include tests at the ecosystem level as a component in pesticide regristration. Because such tests are expensive, regulators and industry need to know what additional information they can gain from such tests relative to the costs of the simpler single-species toxicity bioassays. Requirements for ecosystem-level testing have developed because resource managers have not fully understood the implications of potential damage to resources without having evaluations of the predicted impacts under field conditions. We review approaches taken in the use of experimental ecosystems, discuss benefits and limitations of small- and large-scale ecosystem tests, and point to correlative approaches between laboratory and field toxicity testing.</span></p><p><span>Laboratory experimental ecosystems (microcosms) have been successfully used to measure contaminant bioavailability, to determine routes of uptake in moderately complex aquatic systems, and to isolate factors modifying contaminant uptake into the biota. Such factors cannot be as readily studied in outdoor experimental ecosystems because direct cause-and-effect relations are often confounded and difficult to isolate. However, laboratory tests can be designed to quantify the relations among three variables: known concentrations of Stressors; specific sublethal behavioral, biochemical, and physiological effects displayed by organisms; and responses that have been observed in ecosystem-level analyses. For regulatory purposes, the specificity of test results determines how widely they can be applied. Ecotoxicological research should be directed at attempts to identify instances where single-species testing would be the appropriate level of analysis for identifying critical ecological endpoints and for clarifying relationships between ecosystem structure and function, and where it would be inadequate for a given level of analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01874959","usgsCitation":"La Point, T.W., and Perry, J.A., 1989, Use of experimental ecosystems in regulatory decision making: Environmental Management, v. 13, no. 5, p. 539-544, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01874959.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"544","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585e45e0e4b01224f329bf19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Point, Thomas W.","contributorId":114142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Point","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, James A.","contributorId":57144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176576,"text":"70176576 - 1989 - Glacier outburst floods at Mount Rainier, Washington State, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T02:26:35.978155","indexId":"70176576","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacier outburst floods at Mount Rainier, Washington State, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>During the twentieth century, glacial outburst floods have been the most destructive natural events on Mount Rainier, a stratovolcano in the Cascade Range in Washington State, U.S.A. In the period between 1930 and 1980 numerous floods were reported from five glaciers on the mountain, most of which flowed from Nisqually, Kautz, or South Tahoma Glaciers on its southern flank. Such floods threaten lives and property because they occur without warning and quickly mobilize the loose volcanic debris into debris flows.</p><p>A monitoring program was begun in 1987 which was designed to measure the dimensions and timing of outburst floods, but this has been unsuccessful because no floods have yet occurred on the monitored streams. Four floods did burst from South Tahoma Glacier that was unmonitored, but in spite of this they have been useful in providing evidence of flood storage and release mechanisms. All flood volumes were found to be of approximately similar orders of magnitude, of 1 × 10<span class=\"sup\">5</span><span>&nbsp;</span>m<span class=\"sup\">3</span><span>&nbsp;</span>of water, indicating that all floods probably had similar mechanisms for storage and release of water. Hydraulic pressure considerations indicate that such a large volume of flood water would be stored at the bed of the glacier rather than in isolated englacial cavities. The stepped bedrock terrain provides an ideal setting for the formation of subglacial cavities capable of storing the volumes of flood water noted.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, UK","doi":"10.3189/S0260305500007631","usgsCitation":"Driedger, C.L., and Fountain, A.G., 1989, Glacier outburst floods at Mount Rainier, Washington State, U.S.A.: Annals of Glaciology, v. 13, p. 51-55, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500007631.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479860,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500007631","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range, Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.95373535156249,\n              46.73091909829101\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95373535156249,\n              46.945105998259315\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.56852722167967,\n              46.945105998259315\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.56852722167967,\n              46.73091909829101\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95373535156249,\n              46.73091909829101\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57febcefe4b0824b2d156f08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Driedger, Carolyn L. 0000-0002-4011-4112 driedger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4112","contributorId":537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"Carolyn","email":"driedger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fountain, A. G.","contributorId":29815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176747,"text":"70176747 - 1989 - Earthquakes: Putting good ideas to work","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T12:26:41","indexId":"70176747","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":601,"text":"'Elepaio","printIssn":"0013-6069","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes: Putting good ideas to work","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"1989, Earthquakes: Putting good ideas to work: 'Elepaio, v. 21, no. 2, p. 88-88.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57febcefe4b0824b2d156f0a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spall, Henry","contributorId":77933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650173,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70178052,"text":"70178052 - 1989 - A mechanical model for lava domes that includes a mechanism for eruptive growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T12:52:12","indexId":"70178052","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A mechanical model for lava domes that includes a mechanism for eruptive growth","publisher":"New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Socorro, NM","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., and Denlinger, R.P., 1989, A mechanical model for lava domes that includes a mechanism for eruptive growth, p. 141-141.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c5e4b0bb36a4c91037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162023,"text":"70162023 - 1989 - Response of salmonid fish to artificial infection with chum salmon virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T09:30:47","indexId":"70162023","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Response of salmonid fish to artificial infection with chum salmon virus","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the fall of 1978, a reovirus was isolated from normal-appearing adult chum salmon <i>(Oncorhynchus keta</i>) returning to the Tokushibetsu Hatchery in Hokkaido, Japan (Winton et al 1981). The chum salmon virus (CSW) was recovered in the chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) embryo cell line (CHSE-214) where it replicated at 15-20 C, producing foci of syncytia in the monolayer. Electron microscopy revealed icosahedral particles, 75 nm in diameter, with a double capsid. The virus was not inactivated by chloroform or inhibited by fluorodeoxyuridine. It was unstable at 56 C, did not hemagglutinate human type 0 erythrocytes, and had a density of 1.33 g/ml in CsCl . The virus was not neutralized by antiserum against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus or mammalian reovirus serotypes 1, 2 or 3 (Winton 1981). Electrophoretic analysis showed the genome was composed of three large, three medium, and five small segments of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) that ranged from 0.37-2.5 x 10% molecular weight. The virions contained five major structural proteins and several minor proteins (Winton et al 1983).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Viruses of lower vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","isbn":"978-3-642-83727-2","usgsCitation":"Winton, J., Lannan, C., Yoshimizu, M., and Kimura, T., 1989, Response of salmonid fish to artificial infection with chum salmon virus, chap. <i>of</i> Viruses of lower vertebrates, p. 270-278.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314201,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783642837296"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569623dbe4b039675d00a3b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lannan, C.N.","contributorId":152142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lannan","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yoshimizu, M.","contributorId":49980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshimizu","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimura, T.","contributorId":89586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162010,"text":"70162010 - 1989 -  Preliminary results of spawning Pacific halibut (<i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T12:16:20","indexId":"70162010","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5039,"text":"Northwest Environmental Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Preliminary results of spawning Pacific halibut (<i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available</p>","language":"English","publisher":" Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Washington","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":" Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Washington, 1989,  Preliminary results of spawning Pacific halibut (<i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i>): Northwest Environmental Journal, v. 5.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694d227e4b039675d005db4"}
,{"id":70175382,"text":"70175382 - 1989 - Processes affecting metal concentrations in estuarine and coastal marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T14:31:17","indexId":"70175382","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-30T06:15:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Processes affecting metal concentrations in estuarine and coastal marine sediments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Heavy Metals in Marine Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Milton Park, Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"1989, Processes affecting metal concentrations in estuarine and coastal marine sediments, chap. <i>of</i> Heavy Metals in Marine Environment, p. 51-66.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a9ad6ce4b05e859bdfbaae","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Furness, Robert W.","contributorId":86588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furness","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12473,"text":"University of Glasgow","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":645000,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rainbow, P.S.","contributorId":46753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rainbow","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645001,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178058,"text":"70178058 - 1989 - Dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations in rapidly shearing granular materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T22:26:48.2075","indexId":"70178058","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations in rapidly shearing granular materials","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\"><div class=\"core-container\"><div>Results from two types of experiments show that intergranular pore pressures fluctuated dynamically during rapid, steady shear deformation of water-saturated granular materials. During some fluctuations, the pore water locally supported all normal and shear stresses, while grain-contact stresses transiently fell to zero. Fluctuations also propagated outward from the shear zone; this process modifies grain-contact stresses in adjacent areas and potentially instigates shear-zone growth.</div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1126/science.246.4931.796","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., and Lahusen, R.G., 1989, Dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations in rapidly shearing granular materials: Science, v. 246, no. 4831, p. 796-799, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.246.4931.796.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"796","endPage":"799","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"246","issue":"4831","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5819a9c5e4b0bb36a4c91039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahusen, Richard G. rlahusen@usgs.gov","contributorId":535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahusen","given":"Richard","email":"rlahusen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162005,"text":"70162005 - 1989 - Spiral swimming behavior due to cranial and vertebral lesions associated with <i>Cytophaga psychrophila</i> infections in salmonid fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T14:18:45","indexId":"70162005","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spiral swimming behavior due to cranial and vertebral lesions associated with <i>Cytophaga psychrophila</i> infections in salmonid fishes","docAbstract":"<p><i>C. psychrophila </i><span>infections of the cranium and anterior vertebrae in salmonid fishes were associated with ataxia, spiral swimming along the axis of the fish, and death. The syndrome was observed in 2-10% of underyearling coho salmon </span><i>Oncorhynchus kisutch, </i><span>rainbow trout</span><i>Salmo gairdneri, </i><span>and steelhead trout </span><i>S. gairdneri </i><span>at several private, state, and federal hatcheries in Washington and Oregon, USA, between 1963 and 1987. Affected fish did not recover and ultimately died. Histological examination consistently revealed subacute to chronic periostitis, osteitis, meningitis, and ganglioneuritis. Inflammation and periosteal proliferation of the anterior vertebrae at the junction of the vertebral column with the cranium with extension into the cranial case was a consistent feature. The adjacent nervous tissue, particularly the medulla, was often compressed by the proliferative lesion, and this may have caused the ataxia. Though bacteria were seldom observed in these lesions. </span><i>C. psychrophila</i><span>was isolated in culture from the cranial cavity of all affected fish that were tested. Epidemiological observations suggested that this bacterium is the causative agent because the spiral swimming behaviour and lesions were observed only in populations that had recovered from acute </span><i>C. psychrophila </i><span>infections.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao006011","usgsCitation":"Kent, M., Groff, J., Morrison, J., Yasutake, W.T., and Holt, R., 1989, Spiral swimming behavior due to cranial and vertebral lesions associated with <i>Cytophaga psychrophila</i> infections in salmonid fishes: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 6, no. 1, p. 11-16, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao006011.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao006011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":314172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e052e4b039675d005e71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, M.L.","contributorId":108058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groff, J.M.","contributorId":152163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groff","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, J.K.","contributorId":55381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yasutake, W. T.","contributorId":103222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasutake","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holt, R.A.","contributorId":27294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70161985,"text":"70161985 - 1989 - Species profiles: Life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific Northwest)--ghost and blue mud shrimp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-16T15:07:44","indexId":"70161985","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":93,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 82(11.93). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4.","title":"Species profiles: Life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific Northwest)--ghost and blue mud shrimp","docAbstract":"<p>Geographic range: The ghost shrimp is found in intertidal areas along the west coast of North America from Mutiny Bay, Alaska, to the mouth of the Tijuana River, San Diego County, California; MacGinitie (1934) and Ricketts and Calvin (1968) reported finding specimens as far south as El Estuario de Punto Banda, Baja California Norte, Mexico. The blue mud shrimp is found from southeastern Alaska to San Quentin Bay (Bahia de San Quentin) in Baja California Norte. The general distribution of the two species in the Pacific Northwest is identical (Figure 3).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hornig, S., Sterling, A., and Smith, S., 1989, Species profiles: Life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific Northwest)--ghost and blue mud shrimp: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report Biological Report 82(11.93). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4., vi, 14 p.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314144,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/species_profiles/82_11-093.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.17822265625,\n              48.69096039092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.3759765625,\n              42.89206418807337\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.8046875,\n              39.926588421909436\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.837890625,\n              39.99395569397331\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.33251953125,\n              46.28622391806708\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.37646484374999,\n              47.338822694822\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.82714843749999,\n              48.22467264956519\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.71728515624999,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.17822265625,\n              48.69096039092549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e052e4b039675d005e6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hornig, S.","contributorId":152153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hornig","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sterling, A.","contributorId":152154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sterling","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Styles","contributorId":152155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Styles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161943,"text":"70161943 - 1989 -  Prevention of infectious diseases in aquaculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-17T12:05:10","indexId":"70161943","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5037,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Prevention of infectious diseases in aquaculture","docAbstract":"<p><span>Infectious diseases remain one of the most important limitations to the successful propagation of aquatic animals. Most of the losses caused by pathogens in aquaculture could be prevented by health inspection, adequate environment and sound management practices. Effective control measures, mainly based upon 1) avoidance of pathogens 2) modification of the environment 3) improvement of host resistance 4) vaccination and 5) chemoprophylaxis are described.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Verlag","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0450.1989.tb00646.x","usgsCitation":"Ahne, W., Winton, J., and Kimura, T., 1989,  Prevention of infectious diseases in aquaculture: Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, v. 36, p. 561-567, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1989.tb00646.x.","productDescription":"7","startPage":"561","endPage":"567","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e038e4b039675d005dd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahne, W.","contributorId":28554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahne","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimura, T.","contributorId":89586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162002,"text":"70162002 - 1989 - <i>Loma salmonae</i> (Protozoa: Microspora) infections in seawater reared coho salmon <i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T14:08:58","indexId":"70162002","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"<i>Loma salmonae</i> (Protozoa: Microspora) infections in seawater reared coho salmon <i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>","docAbstract":"<div><i>Loma salmonae</i> (Putz et al., 1965) infections were observed in five groups of coho salmon, <i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>, reared in seawater net-pens in Washington State, U.S.A. in 1984–1986. Ultrastructural characteristics, size of spores, tissues and host infected, and geographical location identified the microsporidium as <i>Loma salmonae</i>. Preserved spores measured 4.4×2.3 (4–5.6×2–2.4) μm and exhibited 14–17 turns of the polar filament. Infections were evident in the gills of some fish before seawater entry, but few parasites were observed and they caused little tissue damage. Infections observed in fish after transfer to seawater were associated with significant pathological changes in the gills. A mixed inflammatory infiltrate was associated with ruptured microsporidian xenomas within the vessels and interstitium of the primary lamellae. Microsporidian spores were dispersed throughout the lesions and were often seen inside phagocytes. The parasite was also observed in the heart, spleen, kidney and pseudobranchs; however, the inflammatory lesions were common only in the heart.</div><div>Monthly examination of fish after transfer to seawater showed peak prevalences (33–65%) of gill infections during the summer. Although moribund fish were often infected with other pathogens, the high prevalence of <i>L. salmonae</i> infections and the severity of the lesions it caused, suggested that this parasite significantly contributed to the recurrent summer mortalities observed at this net-pen site.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(89)90169-5","usgsCitation":"Kent, M., Elliott, D., Groff, J., and Hedrick, R., 1989, <i>Loma salmonae</i> (Protozoa: Microspora) infections in seawater reared coho salmon <i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>: Aquaculture, v. 80, no. 3-4, p. 211-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(89)90169-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e039e4b039675d005dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, M.L.","contributorId":108058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groff, J.M.","contributorId":152163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groff","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hedrick, R.P.","contributorId":76431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162026,"text":"70162026 - 1989 - Comparison of infectious hematopoietic necrosis in natural and experimental infections of spawning salmonids by infectivity and immunohistochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T09:56:23","indexId":"70162026","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Comparison of infectious hematopoietic necrosis in natural and experimental infections of spawning salmonids by infectivity and immunohistochemistry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) continues to be a serious virus disease of salmonids with epizootics recorded in both wild and hatchery populations (Williams and Amend 1976; Carlisle et al 1979; Groberg and Fryer 1983; Saft and Pratt 1986; Traxler 1987; Follett et al 1987; Meyers et al 1988). While originally enzootic in western North America, the virus appears to be spreading further (Sano et al 1977; de Kinkelin et al 1987; Bovo et al 1987). In hatchery outbreaks occurring in regions where the virus is not enzootic, it is often possible to trace the virus to the importation of infected fingerlings or contaminated eggs. In regions where the virus is widespread among stocks of fish, the source of virus infection is more difficult to establish particularly in watersheds where there are anadromous salmonids. Although salmonid fish surviving infection as fry and returning from the ocean to spawn are considered to be parental carriers of IHNV, there is very little data to support this hypothesis. Amend (1975) in the study of rainbow trout reported that in a population surviving infection and assayed a few years later found that a few trout were carrying virus. This is the study often cited as evidence for the carrier status of returning salmonids. LaPatra et al (1987) presented data that indicated IHNV has been transmitted horizontally through water from adult chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to adult coho salmon (O. kisutch) at a hatchery in northern California. They suggested that horizontal transmission may be an important means for perpetuating IHN. However, the actual mechanisms for persistence and transmission of IHN among fish in a watershed is likely to be complex and involve multiple species and age groups as well as intermediate vectors and/or reservoirs.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Viruses of Lower Vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","isbn":"978-3-642-83727-2","usgsCitation":"Yamamoto, T., Arakawa, C., Batts, W., and Winton, J., 1989, Comparison of infectious hematopoietic necrosis in natural and experimental infections of spawning salmonids by infectivity and immunohistochemistry, chap. <i>of</i> Viruses of Lower Vertebrates, p. 411-429.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"429","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783642837296"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569631bbe4b039675d00a3c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yamamoto, T.","contributorId":152174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arakawa, C.K.","contributorId":152140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arakawa","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Batts, W.N. 0000-0002-6469-9004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":51043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70161951,"text":"70161951 - 1989 - Characterization of the host response to the myxosporean parasite, Ceratomyxa shasta (Noble), by histology, scanning electron microscopy, and immunological techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-16T15:07:33.643818","indexId":"70161951","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Characterization of the host response to the myxosporean parasite, <i>Ceratomyxa shasta</i> (Noble), by histology, scanning electron microscopy, and immunological techniques","title":"Characterization of the host response to the myxosporean parasite, Ceratomyxa shasta (Noble), by histology, scanning electron microscopy, and immunological techniques","docAbstract":"<p><span>The tissue response of&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo gairdneri</i><span>&nbsp;Richardson, against the myxosporean parasite.&nbsp;</span><i>Ceratomyxa shasta</i><span>&nbsp;(Noble), was investigated using histological techniques, scanning electron microscopy and immunological methods. The progress of infection in&nbsp;</span><i>C. shasta</i><span>‐susceptible and resistant steelhead and rainbow trout was examined by standard histological techniques and by indirect fluorescent antibody methods using monoclonal antibodies directed against&nbsp;</span><i>C. shasta</i><span>&nbsp;antigens. Trophozoite stages were first observed in the posterior intestine and there was indication that resistance was due to the inability of the parasite to penetrate this tissue rather than to an inflammatory response. Examination of a severely infected intestine by scanning electron microscopy showed extensive destruction of the mucosal folds of the posterior intestine. Western blotting and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques were used to investigate the immunological component of the host response. No antibodies specific for&nbsp;</span><i>C. shasta</i><span>&nbsp;were detected by either method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00561.x","usgsCitation":"Bartholomew, J.L., Smith, C.E., Rohovec, J., and Fryer, J.L., 1989, Characterization of the host response to the myxosporean parasite, Ceratomyxa shasta (Noble), by histology, scanning electron microscopy, and immunological techniques: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 12, no. 5, p. 509-522, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00561.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"522","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e03fe4b039675d005dfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomew, J. L.","contributorId":91661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomew","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, C. E.","contributorId":29344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rohovec, J. S.","contributorId":95979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohovec","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fryer, J. L.","contributorId":21900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162017,"text":"70162017 - 1989 - Electrofishing mark-recapture and depletion methodologies evoke behavioral and physiological changes in cutthroat trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T15:31:34","indexId":"70162017","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrofishing mark-recapture and depletion methodologies evoke behavioral and physiological changes in cutthroat trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined the behavioral and physiological responses of wild and hatchery-reared cutthroat trout </span><i>Oncorhynchus clarki</i><span> subjected to a single electroshock, electroshock plus marking, and multiple electroshocks in natural and artificial streams. In a natural stream, cutthroat trout released after capture by electrofishing and marking showed distinct behavioral changes: fish immediately sought cover, remained relatively inactive, did not feed, and were easily approached by a diver. An average of 3–4 h was required for 50% of the fish to return to a seemingly normal mode of behavior, although responses varied widely among collection sites. Using the depletion method, we observed little change in normal behavior offish remaining in the stream section (i.e., uncaptured fish) after successive passes with electrofishing gear. In an artificial stream, hatchery-reared and wild cutthroat trout immediately decreased their rates of feeding and aggression after they were electroshocked and marked. Hatchery fish generally recovered in 2–3 h; wild fish required at least 24 h to recover. Analysis of feeding and aggression data by hierarchical rank revealed no distinct recovery trends among hatchery fish of different ranks; among wild cutthroat trout, however, socially dominant fish seemed to recover faster than intermediate and subordinate fish. Physiological indicators of stress (plasma cortisol and blood lactic acid) increased significantly in cutthroat trout subjected to electroshock plus marking or single or multiple electroshocks. As judged by the magnitude of the greatest change in cortisol and lactate, multiple electroshocks elicited the most severe stress response; however, plasma concentrations of both substances had returned to unstressed control levels by 6 h after treatment. It was evident that electrofishing and the procedures involved with estimating fish population size elicited a general stress response that was manifested not only physiologically but also behaviorally. These responses may affect the accuracy of population size estimates by violating key assumptions of the methods, especially the assumption of equal catchability offish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0644:EMADME>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., and Schreck, C., 1989, Electrofishing mark-recapture and depletion methodologies evoke behavioral and physiological changes in cutthroat trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 118, no. 6, p. 644-658, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1989)118<0644:EMADME>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"658","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e042e4b039675d005e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, M. G.","contributorId":117330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70161971,"text":"70161971 - 1989 - Interaction assessment: Rationale and a test using plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T12:35:12","indexId":"70161971","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1603,"text":"Evolutionary Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction assessment: Rationale and a test using plants","docAbstract":"<p><span>A non-manipulative method for deriving empirical expressions of population growth parameters from simple field data is presented. The derived expressions can be used to assess the intensity and form of density dependence and interspecies interactions, and have potential for parameterizing more mechanistic models of population dynamics and for use in applied ecology, e.g. land management or environmental risk assessment. The method is based on an assertion of invariant expected fitness across occupied microhabitats. Hence, its success depends upon the degree to which that assertion holds. The assertion, as used here, is broadly applicable. Thus, the method can be expected to yield reliable results even in nonequilibrium communities. Here, we apply the method to data on six desert plant species. Expressions generated from data in one stand, in one year, successfully predict plant cover values in other stands and&nbsp;</span>years. The predicted patterns of plant species interactions are discussed in the light of current knowledge and theorics of desert succession.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02270916","usgsCitation":"Emlen, J., Freeman, D., and Wagstaff, F., 1989, Interaction assessment: Rationale and a test using plants: Evolutionary Ecology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 115-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02270916.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02270916"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e048e4b039675d005e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, D.C.","contributorId":21309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagstaff, F.","contributorId":152151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagstaff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161948,"text":"70161948 - 1989 - Biochemical and antigenic properties of the first isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus from salmonid fish in Europe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T10:17:31","indexId":"70161948","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochemical and antigenic properties of the first isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus from salmonid fish in Europe","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) recovered from rainbow trout </span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span> (formerly </span><i>Salmo gairdneri</i><span>) in France and Italy were compared to six representative strains from North America by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of virion polypeptides and neutralization by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). All three IHNV isolates from Europe had similar polypeptide profiles when compared by SDS-PAGE. An analysis of the antigenic relatedness of the European isolates to representative strains from North America showed that they were clearly different from viruses obtained from salmonids in California. The RB/B5 MAb, which was developed against virus isolated from adult steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout) reared in central Oregon, neutralized all isolates examined. The 193–110/B4 MAb, developed against IHNV isolated from infected yearling rainbow trout in southern Idaho, neutralized all isolates tested except those from California. The SRCV/A4 MAb, developed against Sacramento River chinook virus (SRCV) isolated from adult spring chinook salmon </span><i>O. tshawytscha</i><span> in central California, was the least reactive, and strong neutralization was observed only with the SRCV strain of IHNV from California. However, partial reactivity of the virus isolates from France with the SRCV/A4 MAb distinguished them from the virus recovered from salmonids in Italy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1989)001<0148:BAAPOT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Arkush, K., Bovo, G., DeKinkelin, P., Winton, J., Wingfield, W., and Hedrick, R., 1989, Biochemical and antigenic properties of the first isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus from salmonid fish in Europe: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 1, no. 2, p. 148-153, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1989)001<0148:BAAPOT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e03de4b039675d005df2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arkush, K.D.","contributorId":152143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arkush","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bovo, G.","contributorId":152144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bovo","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeKinkelin, P.","contributorId":82948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeKinkelin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wingfield, W.H.","contributorId":152145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wingfield","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hedrick, R.P.","contributorId":76431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162022,"text":"70162022 - 1989 - Picornaviruses and reoviruses of fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T09:25:43","indexId":"70162022","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Picornaviruses and reoviruses of fishes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The number of fish viruses isolated in cell culture or observed by electron microscopy continues to increase rapidly. Until recently, most viruses that were isolated from finfish and characterized were found to be members of the Rhabdoviridae, Iridoviridae, or Herpesviridae (Wolf and Mann 1980). In a comprehensive review of fish viruses published in 1984, there were no picornaviruses and only two reoviruses listed (Wolf 1984). The expansion of aquaculture into the rearing of new species at high density in different geographic areas, and the use of improved methods of detection that include newly developed cell lines and increased sampling effort, have led to the discovery of fish viruses representing nearly all families of animal viruses. Among the newest additions, are a member of the family Picornaviridae and several new viruses that belong within the Reoviridae.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Viruses of lower vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","isbn":"978-3-642-83727-2","usgsCitation":"Winton, J., 1989, Picornaviruses and reoviruses of fishes, chap. <i>of</i> Viruses of lower vertebrates, p. 217-226.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783642837296"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569631c9e4b039675d00a3e5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ahne, Winfried","contributorId":97545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahne","given":"Winfried","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588350,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurstak, E.","contributorId":113556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurstak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588351,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70161944,"text":"70161944 - 1989 - Preliminary characterization of a virus causing infectious anemia among stocks of salmonid fish in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T10:06:37","indexId":"70161944","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Preliminary characterization of a virus causing infectious anemia among stocks of salmonid fish in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Since 1982, anemias occurring in stocks of yearling coho (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) and chinook salmon <i>(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) have been associated with serious losses at hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest, USA. The anemia is often accompanied by infections with external fungus (e.g. Saprolegnia) or the bacterial pathogens <i>Cytophaga psychrophila</i> or <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> (Holt and Rohovec 1984, Leek 1987). The losses associated with the anemia are thought to be caused by these secondary infections.</span></p><p><span>Blood smears that were made from anemic fish and stained with Giemsa or pinacyanol chloride showed erythrocytic inclusions ranging in size from 1 to 8 um and varying in number per cell. Thin sections of infected red blood cells (RBC) examined by electron microscopy revealed virus particles approximately 70 nm in diameter. The virions were scattered in the cytoplasm of the RBC or contained within membrane bound organelles. These virus particles were morphologically distinct from the iridovirus, erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV), which is also associated with anemia (Holt and Rohovec 1984, Leek 1987). Evidence suggests that the etiological agent of this new anemic disease, termed erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS) by Leek (1987), is a previously undescribed virus infecting salmon. The purpose of this study was to experimentally transmit the disease to healthy fish, to determine the blood parameters associated with infection, and to investigate the nature of the virus associated with EIBS.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Viruses of Lower Vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag ","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-83727-2","usgsCitation":"Arakawa, C., Hursh, D., Lannan, C., Rohovec, J., and Winton, J., 1989, Preliminary characterization of a virus causing infectious anemia among stocks of salmonid fish in the western United States, chap. <i>of</i> Viruses of Lower Vertebrates, p. 442-450, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83727-2.","productDescription":"9","startPage":"442","endPage":"450","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7159363","text":"External Repository"},{"id":314098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e04ee4b039675d005e54","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ahne, Winfried","contributorId":97545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahne","given":"Winfried","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588157,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurstak, E.","contributorId":113556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurstak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588158,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Arakawa, C.K.","contributorId":152140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arakawa","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hursh, D.A.","contributorId":152141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hursh","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lannan, C.N.","contributorId":152142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lannan","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rohovec, J. S.","contributorId":95979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohovec","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70162006,"text":"70162006 - 1989 - Persistent infections of fish cell lines by paramyxovirus isolates from Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tschawytscha</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-20T11:45:25","indexId":"70162006","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Persistent infections of fish cell lines by paramyxovirus isolates from Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tschawytscha</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have reported the isolation of a paramyxovirus from stocks of adult chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) returning to coastal rivers of Oregon, USA (Winton et al 1985). The isolates were obtained from kidney and spleen tissues using the chinook salmon embryo cell line, CHSE-214. Initial cytopathic effect (CPE) was slow to develop, requiring 28 days incubation at 18°C. The virus replicated in CHSE-214, chum heart (CHH-1), kokanee ovary (K0-6), coho salmon embryo (CSE-119), and fathead minnow (FHM) cell lines where it produced a lytic type of CPE.</span></p><p><span>The virus was stable at pH 3-11 and iodo-deoxyuridine did not inhibit wiral replication. Infectivity was lost after treatment with chloroform indicating the presence of essential lipids. The density of virions in CsCl was 1.2 g/ml. The virus hemagglutinated cells of 11 of 14 species of birds, mammals, and fish tested. Electron microscopy of infected cells revealed enveloped particles 125-250 nm in dia. containing coiled nucleocapsids and examination of freon-treated virions showed the nucleocapsid was a helix approximately 18 nm in dia. and &gt; 1000 nm in length (Winton et al 1985).</span></p><p><span>In addition to causing hemagglutination, members of the Paramyxoviridae are known for the ability to establish persistent infections of cell lines (Choppin and Compans 1975). The purpose of this study was to determine if the paramyxovirus isolates from salmon were able to establish persistent infections in fish cell lines and to study the nature of the infection.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Viruses of Lower Vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","isbn":"978-3-642-83727-2","usgsCitation":"Lannan, C., 1989, Persistent infections of fish cell lines by paramyxovirus isolates from Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tschawytscha</i>), chap. <i>of</i> Viruses of Lower Vertebrates, p. 309-316.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314175,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783642837296"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e04be4b039675d005e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lannan, C.N.","contributorId":152142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lannan","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70162021,"text":"70162021 - 1989 - Genetic variation in steelhead (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>) from the north coast of Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T09:19:37","indexId":"70162021","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variation in steelhead (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>) from the north coast of Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>Steelhead (</span><i>Salmo gairdneri</i><span>) collected from various sites in nine drainages in northwestern Washington were genetically characterized at 65 protein-coding loci by starch-gel electrophoresis. Genetic differentiation within and among drainages was not significant, and genetic variation among drainages was much less than that reported in British Columbia; these results may be the consequence of gene flow from hatchery stocks that have been released in Washington since the 1940's. Allele frequencies varied significantly among year-classes (hence, genetic characterization studies must include data from several year-classes), and also between hatchery fish (including a stock developed with local wild fish) and wild fish, indicating that few wild fish have been successfully and routinely included in hatchery brood stocks. Conservation of genetic diversity along the north coast of Washington should be facilitated by reducing the numbers of hatchery fish that spawn in streams and by including wild fish in hatchery brood stocks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing ","doi":"10.1139/f89-010","usgsCitation":"Reisenbichler, R., and Phelps, S., 1989, Genetic variation in steelhead (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>) from the north coast of Washington: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 46, no. 1, p. 66-73, https://doi.org/10.1139/f89-010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              42.35854391749705\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              49.32512199104001\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              49.32512199104001\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.87109375,\n              42.35854391749705\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.68359374999999,\n              42.35854391749705\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569631c9e4b039675d00a3df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reisenbichler, R.R.","contributorId":77356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phelps, S.R.","contributorId":39714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162014,"text":"70162014 - 1989 - Tundra ponds of the Yukon Delta, Alaska, and their macroinvertebrate communities. ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T15:07:16","indexId":"70162014","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tundra ponds of the Yukon Delta, Alaska, and their macroinvertebrate communities. ","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Yukon Delta, a low alluvial tundra in western Alaska, has more than 10</span><sup>5</sup><span> thaw-basin ponds within its 70000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span> area. In 1984 and 1985, 68 ponds in three interior areas of the Delta were surveyed to determine limnological features, macroinvertebrate fauna, and trophic character. Ponds ranged up to 90 ha in area, 2 m in depth, and 17 m in elevation, and occurred in various temporal stages of growth and senescence. Among the 18 major invertebrate taxa collected, in order of decreasing frequency of occurrence, Trichoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Pelecypoda, Isopoda, Coleoptera, Gastropoda, and Oligochaeta were found in over 50% of the ponds. Trichoptera, the only taxon occurring in all ponds, was represented by 22 species of 6 families. The average Delta pond had 6.6 of the nine more common taxa. This measure of faunal richness was similar among study areas but was higher in low-tundra (sea level) ponds and in older ponds on raised tundra. In comparison, lentic invertebrate communities in five other areas of Alaskan and Canadian tundra had fewer taxa and also lower average richness based on occurrence of the same nine taxa.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00031622","usgsCitation":"Maciolek, J.A., 1989, Tundra ponds of the Yukon Delta, Alaska, and their macroinvertebrate communities. : Hydrobiologia, v. 172, no. 1, p. 193-206, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00031622.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -168.20068359375,\n              59.37239142233717\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.20068359375,\n              61.53316997618228\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.93872070312497,\n              61.53316997618228\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.93872070312497,\n              59.37239142233717\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.20068359375,\n              59.37239142233717\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"172","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e068e4b039675d005eac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maciolek, J. A.","contributorId":62655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maciolek","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70162020,"text":"70162020 - 1989 - Variation in capture efficiency of a beach seine for small fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T09:11:17","indexId":"70162020","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in capture efficiency of a beach seine for small fishes","docAbstract":"<p><span>We determined the capture efficiency of a beach seine as a means of improving abundance estimates of small fishes in littoral areas. Capture efficiency for 14 taxa (individual species or species groups) was determined by seining within an enclosure at night over fine and coarse substrates in the John Day Reservoir, Oregon–Washington. Mean efficiency ranged from 12% for prickly sculpin </span><i>Cottus asper</i><span> captured over coarse substrates to 96% for peamouth </span><i>Mylocheilus caurinus</i><span> captured over fine substrates. Mean capture efficiency for a taxon (genus or species) was generally higher over fine substrates than over coarse substrates, although mean capture efficiencies over fine substrates were significantly greater for only 3 of 10 taxa. Capture efficiency generally was not influenced by fish density or by water temperature (range, 8–26°C). Conclusions about the relative abundance of taxa captured by seining can change substantially after capture efficiencies are taken into account.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0239:VICEOA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M., Palmer, D., and Burkhardt, R., 1989, Variation in capture efficiency of a beach seine for small fishes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 9, no. 2, p. 239-244, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1989)009<0239:VICEOA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569631cee4b039675d00a3fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, D.E.","contributorId":152169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhardt, R.W.","contributorId":152170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161954,"text":"70161954 - 1989 - Enhanced detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus by pretreatment of cell monolayers with polyethylene glycol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T10:52:21","indexId":"70161954","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus by pretreatment of cell monolayers with polyethylene glycol","docAbstract":"<p class=\"last\">To improve quantification of very low levels of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in samples of tissue, ovarian fluid, or natural water supplies, we tested the ability of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance the sensitivity and speed of the plaque assay system. We compared 4, 7, and 10% solutions of PEG of molecular weight 6,000, 8,000, or 20,000 applied at selected volumes and for various durations. When cell monolayers of epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC), fathead minnow (FHM), chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214), and bluegill fry (BF2) were pretreated with 7% PEG-20,000, they produced 4-17-fold increases in plaque assay titers of IHNV. The plaque assay titers of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, chum salmon reovirus, and chinook salmon paramyxovirus were also enhanced by exposure of CHSE-214 cells to PEG, but the titers of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and <i>Oncorhynchus masou</i> virus were not substantially changed. Plaques formed by IHNV on PEG-treated EPC cells incubated at 15°C had a larger mean diameter at 6 d than those on control cells at 8 d; this suggests the assay could be shortened by use of PEG. Pretreatment of EPC cell monolayers with PEG enabled detection of IHNV in some samples that appeared negative with untreated cells. For example, when ovarian fluid samples from chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> were inoculated onto untreated monolayers of EPC cells, IHNV was detected in only 11 of 51 samples; 17 of the samples were positive when PEG-treated EPC cells were used.</p><div class=\"access\"><ul class=\"clear top_article_links\"><li><div class=\"showDownloadPopup-detailbtns_bold_face\"><a class=\"showDownloadPopup pdf\" href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8667%281989%29001%3C0284%3AEDOIHN%3E2.3.CO%3B2#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xNTc3LzE1NDgtODY2NyUyODE5ODklMjkwMDElM0MwMjg0JTNBRURPSUhOJTNFMi4zLkNPJTNCMkBAQDA=\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8667%281989%29001%3C0284%3AEDOIHN%3E2.3.CO%3B2#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xNTc3LzE1NDgtODY2NyUyODE5ODklMjkwMDElM0MwMjg0JTNBRURPSUhOJTNFMi4zLkNPJTNCMkBAQDA=\">PDF</a></div></li></ul></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1989)001<0284:EDOIHN>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Batts, W., and Winton, J., 1989, Enhanced detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus by pretreatment of cell monolayers with polyethylene glycol: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 1, no. 4, p. 261-267, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1989)001<0284:EDOIHN>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"267","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e043e4b039675d005e1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batts, W.N. 0000-0002-6469-9004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":51043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}