{"pageNumber":"45","pageRowStart":"1100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":2263,"records":[{"id":29574,"text":"wri964223 - 1997 - Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin– Results of investigations through April 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T22:17:03.508414","indexId":"wri964223","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4223","title":"Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin– Results of investigations through April 1992","docAbstract":"A water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin (10,949 square miles) was conducted during water years 1987-91. This assessment involved interpretation of available data; 4 years of intensive data collection, including monthly sample collection at eight fixed-monitoring stations in the basin; and synoptic studies of selected water-quality constituents at many sites.\r\n\r\nThe number of exceedances of water-quality criteria for chromium, copper, lead, mercury, silver, and zinc in water was essentially the same at similar stations between 1978-86 and 1987-90. For water and sediment, a large signature for many trace inorganic constituents was observed from the Chicago metropolitan area, mainly from the Des Plaines River Basin and continuing down the Illinois River. Loads of trace inorganic constituents in water were 2-13 times greater from the Chicago metropolitan area than from rural areas in the upper Illinois River Basin.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of cadmium, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc appeared to be relatively enriched in biota in the upper Illinois River Basin compared to other river basins. Biota from some urban sites were enriched with respect to several elements. For example, relatively large concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and nickel were observed in biota from sites in the Chicago River in the metropolitan area and the Calumet River.\r\n\r\nResults of pesticide sampling in 1988 and 1989 identified the pesticides bromacil, diazinon, malathion, prometon, and simazine as urban related and alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor, and metribuzin as agricultural related.\r\n\r\nPhenol concentrations never exceeded general-use and secondary-contact water-quality standards of 100 and 300 micrograms per liter, respectively. Pentachlorophenol concentrations observed at the Illinois River at Marseilles, Ill., between 1981 and 1992 decreased beginning in 1987.\r\n\r\nA breakdown product of the organochlorine pesticide dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), p,p'-DDE was the most commonly detected organic compound in biota in both 1989 and 1990. In the nine fish-fillet samples collected in 1989, exceedances of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) fish tissue concentrations were noted for p,p'-DDE in all nine fillets and for dieldrin in five of the nine fillets.\r\n\r\nNutrient concentrations in water in the study area generally were larger than concentrations typically found in natural waters. The Des Plaines River Basin contributed approximately 41 percent of the total nitrogen load to the upper Illinois River Basin, whereas the Kankakee River and Iroquois River Basins contributed about 34 and 14 percent of the total load, respectively.\r\n\r\nDissolved-oxygen concentrations measured during a 1988 synoptic sampling exceeded State water-quality standards at 76 percent of the sampled sites. Bacteria densities greater than water-quality standards were observed at all of the fixed-monitoring stations, but densities greater than water-quality criteria and standards were observed more often at stations in the Des Plaines River Basin.\r\n\r\nResults from the analysis of changes in water quality following changes in wastewater-treatment practices indicated that current monitoring programs, although sufficient for their intended purposes, are not suitable for this type of retrospective assessment in large-scale water-quality assessments. Changes were not indicated in fish-community structure and population following changes in wastewater-treatment practices.\r\n\r\nA strong relation between the quality of the fish community and overall water-quality conditions was observed, although USEPA acute criteria for the protection of freshwater aquatic life were rarely exceeded. Analyses of fish-community data clearly showed that water quality in the urbanized parts of the study area were degraded relative to those in agricultural areas. Total chromium in streambed sediments and total recoverable sodium in water were highly correlated","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964223","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, A.R., and Blanchard, S.F., 1997, Surface-water-quality assessment of the upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin– Results of investigations through April 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4223, vi, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964223.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58402,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4223/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2391,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/nawqa/uirb/pubs/reports/WRIR_96-4223/body.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392707,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48557.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"upper Illinois River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89,\n 40.4667\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 40.4667\n ],\n [\n -86,\n 43.1167\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 43.1167\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 40.4667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbb51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Arthur R.","contributorId":105709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, Stephen F.","contributorId":54966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5739,"text":"pp1581 - 1997 - Geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":22546,"text":"ofr96500 - 1996 - Geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska","indexId":"ofr96500","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5739,"text":"pp1581 - 1997 - Geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska","indexId":"pp1581","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:57","indexId":"pp1581","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1581","title":"Geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Copper River, located in southcentral Alaska, drains an area of more than 24,000 square miles. About 30 miles above its mouth, this large river enters Miles Lake, a proglacial lake formed by the retreat of Miles Glacier. Downstream from the outlet of Miles Lake, the Copper River flows past the face of Childs Glacier before it enters a large, broad, alluvial flood plain. The Copper River Highway traverses this flood plain and in 1995, 11 bridges were located along this section of the highway. These bridges cross parts of the Copper River and in recent years, some of these bridges have sustained serious damage due to the changing course of the Copper River. \r\n\r\nAlthough the annual mean discharge of the lower Copper River is 57,400 cubic feet per second, most of the flow occurs during the summer months from snowmelt, rainfall, and glacial melt. Approximately every six years, an outburst flood from Van Cleve Lake, a glacier-dammed lake formed by Miles Glacier, releases approximately 1 million acre-feet of water into the Copper River. When the outflow rate from Van Cleve Lake reaches it peak, the flow of the Copper River will increase between 150,000 to 190,000 cubic feet per second. \r\n\r\nData collected by bedload sampling and continuous seismic reflection indicated that Miles Lake traps virtually all the bedload being transported by the Copper River as it enters the lake from the north. The reservoir-like effect of Miles Lake results in the armoring of the channel of the Copper River downstream from Miles Lake, past Childs Glacier, until it reaches the alluvial flood plain. At this point, bedload transport begins again. The lower Copper River transports 69 million tons per year of suspended sediment, approximately the same quantity as the Yukon River, which drains an area of more than 300,000 square miles. \r\n\r\nBy correlating concurrent flows from a long-term streamflow-gaging station on the Copper River with a short-term streamflow-gaging station at the outlet of Miles Lake, long-term flow characteristics of the lower Copper River were synthesized. Historical discharge and cross-section data indicate that as late as 1970, most of the flow of the lower Copper River was through the first three bridges of the Copper River Highway as it begins to traverse the alluvial flood plain. In the mid 1980's, a percentage of the flow had shifted away from these three bridges and in 1995, only 51 percent of the flow of the Copper River passed through them. \r\n\r\nEight different years of aerial photography of the lower Copper River were analyzed using Geographical Information System techniques. This analysis indicated that no major channel changes were caused by the 1964 earthquake. However, a flood in 1981 that had a recurrence interval of more than 100 years caused significant channel changes in the lower Copper River. \r\n\r\nA probability analysis of the lower Copper River indicated stable areas and the long-term locations of channels. By knowing the number of times a particular area has been occupied by water and the last year an area was occupied by water, areas of instability can be located. A Markov analysis of the lower Copper River indicated that the tendency of the flood plain is to remain in its current state. Large floods of the magnitude of the 1981 event are believed to be the cause of major changes in the lower Copper River.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/pp1581","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 1997, Geomorphology of the lower Copper River, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1581, 89 p.; 55 illus.; 16 plates; 16 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1581.","productDescription":"89 p.; 55 illus.; 16 plates; 16 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1581/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32318,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1581/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae276","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":151505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28691,"text":"wri964317 - 1997 - Ground-water sampling methods and quality-control data for the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:10:46","indexId":"wri964317","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4317","title":"Ground-water sampling methods and quality-control data for the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1993-95","docAbstract":"

Ground-water-quality samples were collected for the intensive data-collection phase of the Red River of the P Torth Basin study unit, one of 60 study units of the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program throughout the United States. The sampling protocols used were designed for the NAWQA Program. The protocols include sampling equipment, cleaning procedures, sample-collection methods, and quality-control plans to monitor the accuracy of the data collected. One of the goals of the NAWQA Program was to collect data using similar methcds to build a nationally consistent water-quality data base.

\n

Quality-control data demonstrated that most constituents measured for this study yielded reproducible data, with low to undetectable contamination from the sampling and analytical procedures. Several constituents were occasionally or frequently detected in blank samples at levels similar to low-concentration ground-water-quality samples. For example, iron was detected in 75 percent of the blank samples, with a maximum concentration of 27 [ig/L, indicating that iron contamination may interfere with its determination at low levels in ground waters. Copper, aluminum, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations in blank samples overlap those determined in ground-waterquality samples, thereby precluding quantitative reporting of those constituents. Most pesticide data are reproducible, with minimal bias. Some pesticides had low but consistent recoveries; these data may be useful if spike and surrogate data are carefully considered. Data for some pesticides measured in this study should not be quantitatively reported or used, because they may underestimate the concentrations of those pesticides in ground waters.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri964317","usgsCitation":"Menheer, M., and Brigham, M.E., 1997, Ground-water sampling methods and quality-control data for the Red River of the North basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4317, viii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964317.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57534,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4317/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4317/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River of the North Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ], [ -99.99755859375, 48.99463598353408 ], [ -99.964599609375, 48.915279853443806 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.88639177703194 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.719961222646276 ], [ -99.86572265625, 48.61112192003074 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.46563710044979 ], [ -99.68994140625, 48.356249029540706 ], [ -99.6240234375, 48.22467264956519 ], [ -99.700927734375, 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49.001843917978526 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a3be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menheer, M.A.","contributorId":59842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menheer","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brigham, M. E.","contributorId":87535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26515,"text":"wri974002 - 1997 - Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas: Organic compounds and trace elements in bed sediment and fish tissue, 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T22:55:03.366884","indexId":"wri974002","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4002","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas: Organic compounds and trace elements in bed sediment and fish tissue, 1992-93","docAbstract":"The occurrence and distribution of contaminants in aquatic \r\nsystems are major components of the National Water-Quality \r\nAssessment (NAWQA) Program. Bed-sediment samples were collected \r\nat 18 sites in the Rio Grande Valley study unit between September \r\n1992 and March 1993 to characterize the geographic distribution \r\nof organic compounds, including chlorinated insecticides, \r\npolychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), and other chlorinated \r\nhydrocarbons, and also trace elements. Two-millimeter-size-\r\nfraction sediment was analyzed for organic compounds and less \r\nthan 63-micron-size-fraction sediment was analyzed for trace \r\nelements. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE were detected in 33 percent \r\nof the bed-sediment samples. With the exception of DDT-related \r\ncompounds, no other organochlorine insecticides or \r\npolychlorinated biphenyls were detected in samples of bed \r\nsediment. Whole-body fish samples were collected at 11 of the bed-\r\nsediment sites and analyzed for organic compounds. Organic \r\ncompounds were reported more frequently in samples of fish, and \r\nmore types of organic compounds were found in whole-body fish \r\nsamples than in bed-sediment samples. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE \r\nwere detected in 91 percent of whole-body fish samples. \r\nPolychlorinated biphenyls, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, trans-\r\nnonachlor, and hexachlorobenzene were other organic compounds \r\ndetected in whole-body samples of fish from at least one site. \r\nBecause of the extent of mineralized areas in the Rio Grande Basin \r\narsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc \r\nconcentrations in bed-sediment samples could represent natural \r\nconditions at most sites. However, a combination of natural \r\nconditions and human activities appears to be associated with \r\nelevated trace-element concentrations in the bed-sediment sample \r\nfrom the site Rio Grande near Creede, Colorado, because this \r\nsample exceeded the background trace-element concentrations \r\ncalculated for this study. Fish-liver samples were collected at \r\n12 of the bed-sediment sites and analyzed for trace elements. \r\nCertain trace elements were detected at higher concentrations in \r\nfish-liver samples than in bed-sediment samples from the same \r\nsite. Both bed-sediment and fish-tissue samples are necessary for \r\na complete environmental assessment of the occurrence and \r\ndistribution of trace elements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974002","usgsCitation":"Carter, L.F., and Anderholm, S., 1997, Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas: Organic compounds and trace elements in bed sediment and fish tissue, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4002, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974002.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410522,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48638.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4002/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4002/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.1167,\n 38.4333\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 38.4333\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 31.7833\n ],\n [\n -105.1167,\n 31.7833\n ],\n [\n -105.1167,\n 38.4333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db544888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, L. F.","contributorId":74787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28745,"text":"wri964284 - 1997 - Quantity and quality of runoff from selected guttered and unguttered roadways in northeastern Ramsey County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:24:31","indexId":"wri964284","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4284","title":"Quantity and quality of runoff from selected guttered and unguttered roadways in northeastern Ramsey County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Five roadway sections in northeastern Ramsey County, Minnesota were monitored during 1993-95, to evaluate water quality and loading of constituents from roadway runoff. Two snowmelt-runoff and five rainfall-runoff events were monitored per year at each site. Additional samples of rainfall were analyzed to determine if rainfall was a direct source of constituent loading to roadway runoff. Roadway-runoff samples were analyzed for selected physical properties, dissolved solids, nutrients, dissolved ions, selected metals, and semi-volatile compounds.

\n

Concentrations of dissolved ions such as sodium, chloride, and metals such as aluminum, chromium, lead, and zinc were detected at much greater levels for snowmelt-runoff samples than rainfall-runoff samples. Analysis of chemical samples from rainfall indicate that rainfall was not a direct source for most constituents. Dissolved nitrate and dissolved ammonia in rainfall, however, can contribute up to one-half the amounts detected in roadway runoff.

\n

Concentrations of total phosphorus and fecal Streptococcus bacteria were greater at unguttered sites than at guttered sites. Concentrations of dissolved solids, and some metals were greater at guttered sites than at unguttered sites. This suggests that the vegetated road ditches associated with unguttered sites may filter out heavier particles such as metals and solids, while contributing additional organic matter. Concentrations of aliiminum, copper, lead, and zinc exceeded chronic condition standard limits established by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency for metropolitan storm water from 96 percent, 52 percent, 9 percent, and 20 percent of the samples collected, respectively. Chemical loadings of specific constituents, such as suspended solids, from an individual rainfall-runoff event accounted for greater than 90 percent of the cumulative loadings of that constituent for all monitored events at site 4, for the entire study period.

\n

Length of latent period was statistically compared to constituent concentration levels of total phosphorus, dissolved sulfate, and total zinc and there was a correlation. Constituent loads were not associated with latent period. No correlation was found between traffic volumes which ranged from 1,888 to 7,172 vehicles per day and constituent concentrations or loads for this study.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri964284","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Transportation and the Minnesota Local Road Research Board","usgsCitation":"Mitton, G., and Payne, G.A., 1997, Quantity and quality of runoff from selected guttered and unguttered roadways in northeastern Ramsey County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4284, v, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964284.","productDescription":"v, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4284/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57595,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4284/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Ramsey County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.33333,\n 45.1\n ],\n [\n -93.33333,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -92.9,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -92.9,\n 45.1\n ],\n [\n -93.33333,\n 45.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64acf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitton, G.B.","contributorId":104517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitton","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, G. A.","contributorId":62190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21858,"text":"ofr9786 - 1997 - The Hila Prospect; a recently discovered copper occurrence on Ambon Island, Republic of Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr9786","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-86","title":"The Hila Prospect; a recently discovered copper occurrence on Ambon Island, Republic of Indonesia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9786","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Menzie, W., Singer, D., Karangan, N., and Tresnadi, I., 1997, The Hila Prospect; a recently discovered copper occurrence on Ambon Island, Republic of Indonesia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-86, 17 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9786.","productDescription":"17 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51338,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karangan, Nathan","contributorId":89399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karangan","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tresnadi, I.H.","contributorId":97377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tresnadi","given":"I.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21765,"text":"ofr9728 - 1997 - Effects of produced waters at oilfield production sites on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T09:26:08","indexId":"ofr9728","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-28","title":"Effects of produced waters at oilfield production sites on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The authors conducted limited site surveys in the Wildhorse and Burbank oilfields on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma. The purpose was to document salt scarring, erosion, and soil and water salinization, to survey for radioactivity in oilfield equipment, and to determine if trace elements and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) were present in soils affected by oilfield solid waste and produced waters. These surveys were also designed to see if field gamma spectrometry and field soil conductivity measurements were useful in screening for NORM contamination and soil salinity at these sites.\r\nVisits to oilfield production sites in the Wildhorse field in June of 1995 and 1996 confirmed the presence of substantial salt scarring, soil salinization, and slight to locally severe erosion. Levels of radioactivity on some oil field equipment, soils, and road surfaces exceed proposed state standards. Radium activities in soils affected by tank sludge and produced waters also locally exceed proposed state standards. Laboratory analyses of samples from two sites show moderate levels of copper, lead, and zinc in brine-affected soils and pipe scale. Several sites showed detectable levels of bromine and iodine, suggesting that these trace elements may be present in sufficient quantity to inhibit plant growth. Surface waters in streams at two sampled sites exceed total dissolved solid limits for drinking waters. At one site in the Wildhorse field, an EM survey showed that saline soils in the upper 6m extend from a surface salt scar downvalley about 150 m.\r\n(Photo [95k]: Dead oak trees and partly revegetated salt scar at Site OS95-2 in the Wildhorse field, Osage County, Oklahoma.)\r\n\r\nIn the Burbank field, limited salt scarring and slight erosion occurs in soils at some sites and low to moderate levels of radioactivity were observed in oil field equipment at some sites.\r\nThe levels of radioactivity and radium observed in some soils and equipment at these sites are above levels of concern as defined in regulations proposed by the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors. The volumes of material involved appear to be relatively small for most sites. The lead levels observed in soils affected by tank sludge wastes are about one half of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) interim remedial action levels used for Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) sites (400 ppm).\r\nField gamma spectrometry proved useful in delineating areas where radium has been added to the natural soil by oilfield solid waste and produced water, although the technique does not meet standards of assessment used in the state of Louisiana which require core sampling of 15 cm intervals and radiochemical analysis in the laboratory. Further work is needed to develop field gamma spectrometry as a substitute for the more expensive coring and laboratory analysis. The ratio of radium-228 to radium-226 may hold promise in evaluating the relative ages of NORM contamination at a site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9728","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., Asher-Bolinder, S., Owen, D.E., and Hall, L., 1997, Effects of produced waters at oilfield production sites on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-28, 48 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9728.","productDescription":"48 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1195,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0028/OF97-28.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51262,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Osage Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.932373046875,\n 36.697053200100335\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 36.712467243386264\n ],\n [\n -97.0806884765625,\n 36.697053200100335\n ],\n [\n -97.064208984375,\n 36.602299135790446\n ],\n [\n -97.0257568359375,\n 36.575835338491764\n ],\n [\n -96.932373046875,\n 36.575835338491764\n ],\n [\n -96.9158935546875,\n 36.558187766360675\n ],\n [\n -97.00927734375,\n 36.542742833547834\n ],\n [\n -97.03399658203125,\n 36.52067329034796\n ],\n [\n -96.9873046875,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -96.91314697265625,\n 36.4477991295848\n ],\n [\n -96.81976318359375,\n 36.48755716938576\n ],\n [\n -96.7730712890625,\n 36.54936246839778\n ],\n [\n -96.72637939453125,\n 36.445589751779174\n ],\n [\n -96.69342041015624,\n 36.40802070382984\n ],\n [\n -96.60827636718749,\n 36.366010258936925\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 36.33504067209607\n ],\n [\n -96.54510498046875,\n 36.28413532741724\n ],\n [\n -96.47369384765625,\n 36.31733823488624\n ],\n [\n -96.39129638671875,\n 36.2265501474709\n ],\n [\n -96.27319335937499,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -96.3006591796875,\n 36.146746777814364\n ],\n [\n -95.987548828125,\n 36.14231087352999\n ],\n [\n -95.9930419921875,\n 37.017905231730914\n ],\n [\n -96.9488525390625,\n 36.99597205450302\n ],\n [\n -96.932373046875,\n 36.697053200100335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6119eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asher-Bolinder, Sigrid","contributorId":57063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asher-Bolinder","given":"Sigrid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, Douglass E.","contributorId":76282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Douglass","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, Laurel","contributorId":8885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Laurel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5336,"text":"fs18995 - 1997 - Undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"fs18995","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"189-95","title":"Undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the conterminous United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"USGS Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/fs18995","usgsCitation":"McCammon, R.B., 1997, Undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 189-95, 1 sheet : ill., map ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. ill., map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18995.","productDescription":"1 sheet : ill., map ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. ill., map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0189/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32029,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0189/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCammon, Richard B.","contributorId":107674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197195,"text":"70197195 - 1997 - Classification of mineral deposits into types using mineralogy with a probabilistic neural network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T16:40:56","indexId":"70197195","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of mineral deposits into types using mineralogy with a probabilistic neural network","docAbstract":"

In order to determine whether it is desirable to quantify mineral-deposit models further, a test of the ability of a probabilistic neural network to classify deposits into types based on mineralogy was conducted. Presence or absence of ore and alteration mineralogy in well-typed deposits were used to train the network. To reduce the number of minerals considered, the analyzed data were restricted to minerals present in at least 20% of at least one deposit type. An advantage of this restriction is that single or rare occurrences of minerals did not dominate the results. Probabilistic neural networks can provide mathematically sound confidence measures based on Bayes theorem and are relatively insensitive to outliers. Founded on Parzen density estimation, they require no assumptions about distributions of random variables used for classification, even handling multimodal distributions. They train quickly and work as well as, or better than, multiple-layer feedforward networks. Tests were performed with a probabilistic neural network employing a Gaussian kernel and separate sigma weights for each class and each variable. The training set was reduced to the presence or absence of 58 reported minerals in eight deposit types. The training set included: 49 Cyprus massive sulfide deposits; 200 kuroko massive sulfide deposits; 59 Comstock epithermal vein gold districts; 17 quartzalunite epithermal gold deposits; 25 Creede epithermal gold deposits; 28 sedimentary-exhalative zinc-lead deposits; 28 Sado epithermal vein gold deposits; and 100 porphyry copper deposits. The most common training problem was the error of classifying about 27% of Cyprus-type deposits in the training set as kuroko. In independent tests with deposits not used in the training set, 88% of 224 kuroko massive sulfide deposits were classed correctly, 92% of 25 porphyry copper deposits, 78% of 9 Comstock epithermal gold-silver districts, and 83% of six quartzalunite epithermal gold deposits were classed correctly. Across all deposit types, 88% of deposits in the validation dataset were correctly classed. Misclassifications were most common if a deposit was characterized by only a few minerals, e.g., pyrite, chalcopyrite,and sphalerite. The success rate jumped to 98% correctly classed deposits when just two rock types were added. Such a high success rate of the probabilistic neural network suggests that not only should this preliminary test be expanded to include other deposit types, but that other deposit features should be added.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02816922","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Kouda, R., 1997, Classification of mineral deposits into types using mineralogy with a probabilistic neural network: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 6, no. 1, p. 27-32, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02816922.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15971de4b092d9651e2228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouda, Ryoichi","contributorId":198036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouda","given":"Ryoichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70100323,"text":"70100323 - 1997 - New K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T17:10:27.075582","indexId":"70100323","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T16:11:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3409,"text":"Society of Economic Geologists guidebook series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"New K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","title":"New K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"

Twenty-one new K-Ar and 10 new 40Ar/39Ar ages are reported for igneous and hydrothermal minerals from intrusive rocks of the Wasatch igneous belt in the central Wasatch Mountains. Interpretation of our new data combined with previously published K-Ar ages and with new 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb ages reported by Vogel et al. (1997) suggests that the Clayton Peak stock was emplaced at about 36 to 35 Ma, the Alta stock at about 35 to 33 Ma, and the Little Cottonwood stock at about 31 to 30 Ma. Biotite K-Ar ages progressively increase from west to east in the Little Cottonwood stock, which is consistent with more rapid cooling of the eastern part of the stock and with other evidence suggesting about 15 degrees of eastward tilting of the central Wasatch Mountains following emplacement of the Wasatch igneous belt. Most porphyry stocks in the Park City mining district were emplaced at about 41 to 40 Ma; the Ontario stock was emplaced at about 36 Ma. Vein deposits in the Park City mining district formed at about 36 to 33 Ma. The Park Premier stock was emplaced in several pulses between about 35 to 32 Ma. Alteration related to porphyry copper mineralization in the Park Premier stock formed at 33.5 Ma and advanced argillic alteration and gold mineralization formed at 31.4 Ma. Molybdenum mineralization in the eastern part of the Little Cottonwood stock formed between 26 to 23.5 Ma.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/GB.29.04","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., Turrin, B.D., and Miller, R.J., 1997, New K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah: Society of Economic Geologists guidebook series, v. 29, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.5382/GB.29.04.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":285161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.2083,39.3641 ], [ -112.2083,41.5524 ], [ -111.1022,41.5524 ], [ -111.1022,39.3641 ], [ -112.2083,39.3641 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594bae4b0120853e8c0a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. J.","contributorId":9225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70220363,"text":"70220363 - 1997 - Potential for new nickel-copper sulfide deposits in the Lake Superior region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T19:49:58.517501","indexId":"70220363","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T15:49:31","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Potential for new nickel-copper sulfide deposits in the Lake Superior region","docAbstract":"

Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey are evaluating the potential for undiscovered sulfide deposits containing varying amounts of nickel, copper, platinum-group metals, and cobalt in the Lake Superior region as part of an ongoing effort to assess the mineral potential of the United States. Similarities between rocks of the Midcontinent rift and rocks that host the Voisey Bay nickel-copper-cobalt deposit in Labrador, Canada, and the Noril'sk nickel-copper-platinum-group-metals deposits in Russia suggest a high potential for such sulfide deposits in rocks associated with the 1.1-billion-year-old Midcontinent rift in the Lake Superior region.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220363","usgsCitation":"Schulz, K.J., and Cannon, W.F., 1997, Potential for new nickel-copper sulfide deposits in the Lake Superior region: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220363.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/mwni_cu/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220355,"text":"70220355 - 1997 - National Mineral-Resource Assessment: The 1996 estimate of undiscovered gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc remaining in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T15:12:16.065383","indexId":"70220355","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T11:10:11","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"National Mineral-Resource Assessment: The 1996 estimate of undiscovered gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc remaining in the United States","docAbstract":"

Mining has occurred in the United States from pre-Revolutionary times. How much of our Nation's total mineral wealth has already been discovered? How much is left? For conventional-type deposits that contain gold, silver, copper, lead, or zinc, about as much is left to be discovered in the conterminous 48 States as has already been discovered.

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Jr.","contributorId":257913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briskey","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schruben, Paul G.","contributorId":38974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schruben","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199183,"text":"70199183 - 1997 - Seasonal variation in metal concentrations in a stream affected by acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T08:16:32","indexId":"70199183","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T08:08:24","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"22","title":"Seasonal variation in metal concentrations in a stream affected by acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado ","docAbstract":"

Mining of mineral deposits in the Rocky Mountains has left a legacy of acidic inflows to otherwise pristine upland watersheds. Since 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey has studied physical, chemical, and biological processes that affect the transport and transformation of metals in St. Kevin Gulch, an acidic, metal-rich stream near Leadville, Colorado. Well-known chemical processes have been quantified in the context of on-going physical transport by defining the hydrology with instream tracer-dilution experiments. These processes affect the partitioning of metals between dissolved and colloidal transport phases. In this acidic stream, pH increases during snowmelt runoff. At the most acidic stream site, pH varies from 3.15 to 4.00 during seasonal changes. Conservative effects of dilution are quantified using manganese as a natural, conservative tracer. Aluminum, copper, and zinc also are relatively conservative throughout the seasonal changes. Sulfate and iron, on the other hand, are removed with respect to manganese. The loss of iron through precipitation of hydrous Fe oxide is consistent with thermodynamic calculations. The loss of sulfate, however, cannot be fully explained.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits: Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues part B: Case studies and research topics","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/Rev.06","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., 1997, Seasonal variation in metal concentrations in a stream affected by acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado , chap. 22 of The environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits: Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues part B: Case studies and research topics, v. 6, p. 467-477, https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.06.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"477","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"St. Kevin Gulch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.45923614501953,\n 39.273992339346364\n ],\n [\n -106.29718780517578,\n 39.273992339346364\n ],\n [\n -106.29718780517578,\n 39.381548769326415\n ],\n [\n -106.45923614501953,\n 39.381548769326415\n ],\n [\n -106.45923614501953,\n 39.273992339346364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e23ee4b0702d0e848db5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744599,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Logsdon, M.J.","contributorId":194552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Logsdon","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744600,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Filipek, L.F.","contributorId":207755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filipek","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744601,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019507,"text":"70019507 - 1997 - Geochemistry of oceanic igneous rocks - Ridges, islands, and arcs - With emphasis on manganese, scandium, and vanadium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-15T11:27:42.11803","indexId":"70019507","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of oceanic igneous rocks - Ridges, islands, and arcs - With emphasis on manganese, scandium, and vanadium","docAbstract":"

A database on a number of elements in oceanic volcanic rocks is presented, including the principal major-element oxides-SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3(T), MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and P2O5 (where T refers to total iron)–and the trace elements–Ba, Ce, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sc, Sr, V, Pb (mainly by isotope dilution), Yb, Zn, and Zr. Interpretations are given for transition metals, with emphasis on Mn, Sc, and V, in order to determine the concentration of the elements in primitive melts and assess their trends in magmatic differentiation. Transition metals are not enriched in plagioclase, so all are incompatible with pure plagioclase removal–that is, they become enriched in the melt. Both Cr and Ni are known to be highly compatible with olivine separation-i.e., they are depleted in the melt early in differentiation. Also, Sc is compatible with clinopyroxene (Cpx) removal from the melt and is depleted by separation of Cpx. Copper does not fit well in any of the principal silicates, but Cu, like Ni, is greatly enriched in sulfides that may remain in the source or separate from the magma. Decreasing Ni abundances and increasing Cu contents during differentiation are a sign of olivine separation. In the analysis presented herein, V–in the absence of Cpx separation–is found to behave remarkably like the moderately incompatible element Zn, and these two elements add to the list of element pairs of similar incompatibility whose ratios are insensitive to differentiation and to submarine weathering as well. Both are enhanced in titanomagnetite, so both would be compatible during titanomagnetite separation. When Cpx separates, however, V becomes compatible like Sc, but Zn remains incompatible. Thus, decreasing V (and Sc) contents and increasing Zn contents during differentiation are a sign of Cpx separation. Manganese often behaves much like Zn and therefore is moderately incompatible, but Mn is less compatible than Zn and V in titanomagnetite. Thus, decreasing Zn and V with increasing Mn is an indication of titanomagnetite removal. Dual compatible and incompatible trends with differentiation are found chiefly for Cu, Sc, and Sr. Distinguishing mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), oceanic-island volcanic rocks (OIV), and island-arc volcanic rocks (IAV) may be accomplished by plots of Ce/Yb versus Ba/Ce, where OIV plot to higher values of Ce/Yb than do MORB, and IAV data plot to higher values of Ba/Ce than do those of MORB. These ratios do not seem to be significantly affected by submarine weathering.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206819709465317","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., 1997, Geochemistry of oceanic igneous rocks - Ridges, islands, and arcs - With emphasis on manganese, scandium, and vanadium: International Geology Review, v. 39, no. 12, p. 1053-1112, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819709465317.","productDescription":"60 p.","startPage":"1053","endPage":"1112","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1708e4b0c8380cd55363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, B. R.","contributorId":52173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019115,"text":"70019115 - 1997 - A120 yr record of widespread contamination from mining of the Iberian pyrite belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-20T00:58:43.147144","indexId":"70019115","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A120 yr record of widespread contamination from mining of the Iberian pyrite belt","docAbstract":"

A metal-enriched seawater plume entering the western Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar originates 300 km to the west in the Rio Tinto estuary of southwestern Spain. Mining of Rio Tinto ore, one of the largest metal-rich sulfide deposits in the world, started well before Roman times. Contemporary Rio Tinto waters draining the region are highly acidic (pH 2.5) with dissolved cadmium, zinc, and copper concentrations 105−106 times higher than in uncontaminated surface water of the Gulf of Cadiz. Two dated sediment cores from the Spanish continental shelf show that metal inputs to the region increased with the onset of intensive mining activities during the second half of the 19th century. Although the impact of mining may have decreased over the past few decades, the Tinto river and estuary remain highly contaminated.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0291:AYROWC>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., Adkins, J., Boyle, E., Nelson, C., and Palanques, A., 1997, A120 yr record of widespread contamination from mining of the Iberian pyrite belt: Geology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 291-294, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0291:AYROWC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e625e4b0c8380cd471b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adkins, J.F.","contributorId":90857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adkins","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, E.A.","contributorId":49117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palanques, A.","contributorId":61155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palanques","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188706,"text":"70188706 - 1997 - Epithermal mercury-antimony and gold-bearing vein lodes of southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-03T23:26:50","indexId":"70188706","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5435,"text":"Economic Geology Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Epithermal mercury-antimony and gold-bearing vein lodes of southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"

Epithermal mineral deposits and occurrences of southwestern Alaska consist of Hg-Sb and gold- and sulfide-bearing vein lodes. Numerous Hg-Sb lodes are located throughout a region measuring several tens of thousands of square kilometers in and surrounding the Kuskokwim River basin in southwestern Alaska. The Hg-Sb lodes are hosted in sedimentary rocks of the Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group, the Triassic to Cretaceous Gemuk Group, and the Paleozoic Holitna Group, as well as in Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary mafic to felsic intrusive rocks. Mineralized Hg-Sb vein and vein breccia lodes are found in the sedimentary or igneous rocks or at their contacts. The minerology of the Hg-Sb lodes is dominated by cinnabar and stibnite, with subordinate realgar, orpiment, and native mercury, pyrite, gold, and hematite, as well as solid and liquid hydrocarbons; quartz, carbonate, limonite, dickite, and sercite are alteration gangue minerals. The largest mercury mine in Alaska, Red Devil, produced about 36,000 flasks of mercury, but the Hg-Sb lodes of southwestern Alaska generally consist of small, discontinuous veins that rarely exceed a few meters in width and a few tens of meters in strike length. The Hg-Sb lodes generally contain about 1 to 5 percent Hg and less than 1 percent Sb and As but are generally poor in base emtals and precious metals. Anomalous concentrations of gold in some lodes, however, suggest that gold deposits may be present in higher temperature environments below some of the Hg-Sb lodes.

The formation of the Hg-Sb lodes is closely correlated with igneous activity of a Late Cretaceous and early tertiary magmatic arc in southwestern Alaska. Geologic and geochemical characteristics of the Hg-Sb lodes suggest that ore fluids were generated in local sedimentary rocks as they were intruded by magmas. These intrusions provided the heat to initiate dehydration reactions and expel fluids from hydrous minerals and formational waters in the sedimentary rocks, causing thermal convection and hydrothermal fluid flow along fractures and faults. Isotopic data from sulfide and alteration minerals of the Hg-Sb lodes indicate multiple sources for the ore fluids; most fluids appear to have originated from local sedimentary rocks. Hydrothermal fluids with isotopically heavy oxygen but isotopically light hydrogen and sulfur compositions indicate derivation of these species from sedimentary rocks. Isotopically shifted, evolved meteoric water was a primary component in ore fluids from a few Hg-Sb lodes. Geochemical, isotopic, and fluid inclusion data also indicate that Hg, Co2, CH4, N2, and local hydrocarbons were derived from breakdown of organic matter in sedimentary rocks when they were heated by intrusions. Radiometric 40Ar/39Ar ages of 70 ± 3 Ma from hydrothermal sercites in the Hg-Sb lodes indicate a temporal association of igneous activity and mineralization, which is consistent with the geologic characteristics.

Most epithermal gold-bearing vein lodes on the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands are located in Eocene to Pleistocene volcanic-arc rocks, commonly andesite and dacite. These vein and vein breccia lodes, such as the Alaska-Apollo and Shumagin deposits on Unga Island, tend to be aligned along regional, northeast-striking, steeply dipping faults and fractures. The Alaska-Apollo mine produced about 500,000 metric tons (t) of ore that yielded an estimated 3,500 kg (130,000 oz) of gold from veins that were as much as 12 m wide and extended for 1,500 m laterally and 420 m vertically. Ore minerals include gold, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, and native copper; gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, calcite, and chlorite and locally, barsite, clay, rhodonite, and adularia. Ores generally have Au-Ag-Te-Pb-Zn-Mn-Cu geochemical signatures, with wide As-Hg aureoles around some veins. Geologic and mineralogical characteristics of these lodes are similar to adularia-sericite volcanic-hosted epithermal deposits. The gold-bearing vein lodes may be related to arc porphyry systems, but more data are required to verify this association.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral Deposits of Alaska (Economic Geology Monographs, volume 9)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Economic Geology Publishing Company","isbn":"978-1-629495-56-9","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Gent, C.A., Snee, L., and Wilson, F.H., 1997, Epithermal mercury-antimony and gold-bearing vein lodes of southwestern Alaska, chap. of Mineral Deposits of Alaska (Economic Geology Monographs, volume 9): Economic Geology Monographs, v. 9, p. 287-305.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"305","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342728,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.segweb.org/store/detail.aspx?id=EDOCMONO09"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b6e4b062508e382ba2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698977,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Lance D.","contributorId":30287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698978,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John E. jgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gent, Carol A.","contributorId":40646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":81534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019980,"text":"70019980 - 1997 - Cutthroat trout avoidance of metals and conditions characteristic of a mining waste site: Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T15:05:58","indexId":"70019980","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cutthroat trout avoidance of metals and conditions characteristic of a mining waste site: Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho","docAbstract":"The South Fork basin of the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho has been an area of heavy mining activity since the 1880s. The mining operations have resulted in elevated concentrations of metals in surface water, most notably cadmium, lead, zinc, and, to a lesser extent, copper. The metals affected surface water quality downstream in the Coeur d'Alene basin and are suspected to be one of the primary reasons for the reduction in populations of native westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi. The avoidance response of a surrogate species, Snake River cutthroat trout O. clarki (unnamed subspecies), was evaluated against conditions simulating those in the Coeur d'Alene River basin. Cutthroat trout avoided a metals mixture of these concentrations: Cd (0.30 ??g/L), Cu (6.0 ??g/L), Pb (0.6 ??g/L), and Zn (28 ??g/L). The avoidance response to either Cu or Zn alone was similar to the avoidance response to the mixture, suggesting that avoidance to the mixture was due to these metals. After acclimation to Zn at 55 ??g/L for 90 d, cutthroat trout detected and preferred a lower Zn concentration of 28 ??g/L. The lowest Zn concentrations avoided (28 ??g/L) were 1/6 to 1/78 the Zn concentrations measured in the South Fork and lower Coeur d'Alene River basins. Avoidance of metals-contaminated habitats by cutthroat trout may be, in part, responsible for reduced fish populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0699:CTAOMA>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.F., Goldstein, J.N., Farag, A.M., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 1997, Cutthroat trout avoidance of metals and conditions characteristic of a mining waste site: Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 126, no. 4, p. 699-706, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0699:CTAOMA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd1ee4b0c8380cd4e637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, Daniel F.","contributorId":75455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, Jack N.","contributorId":176729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":384571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187939,"text":"70187939 - 1997 - Hazard assessment of inorganics, individually and in mixtures, to two endangered fish in the San Juan River, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:16:06","indexId":"70187939","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1570,"text":"Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hazard assessment of inorganics, individually and in mixtures, to two endangered fish in the San Juan River, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

Acute toxicity tests were conducted for 96 h with larval Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius) and razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in a reconstituted water quality simulating the San Juan River near Shiprock, New Mexico, to determine biological effect concentrations. Tests were conducted with arsenate, copper, selenate, selenite, zinc, and five mixtures of seven to nine inorganics simulating environmental mixtures reported for sites along the San Juan River (Ojo Amarillo Canyon, Gallegos Canyon, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek). Razorback suckers were significantly more sensitive to arsenate, selenate, selenite, Hogback East Drain mixture, and Ojo Amarillo Canyon mixture than were Colorado squawfish. For both species, the Gallegos Canyon mixture had synergistic toxicity, the Mancos River and McElmo Creek mixtures had additive toxicity, and the Ojo Amarillo Canyon mixture had antagonistic toxicity. The Hogback East Drain mixture had additive toxicity to Colorado squawfish, but synergistic toxicity to razorback suckers. The major toxic component in the five mixtures was copper. Comparison of biological effect concentrations (i.e., 96-h LC50) with environmental water concentrations from the San Juan River resulted in a ratio of <100, which revealed a high potential hazard for copper and all five environmental mixtures. The high hazard ratios suggest inorganic contaminants could adversely affect larval Colorado squawfish and razorback suckers in the San Juan River at sites receiving elevated inorganics such as from nonpoint discharges and irrigation return flows.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1098-2256(1997)12:3<195::AID-TOX1>3.0.CO;2-3","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., and Buhl, K.J., 1997, Hazard assessment of inorganics, individually and in mixtures, to two endangered fish in the San Juan River, New Mexico: Environmental Toxicology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 195-209, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2256(1997)12:3<195::AID-TOX1>3.0.CO;2-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"209","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan River","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bcfe4b0b7ff9fb489bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9963-2352 kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352","contributorId":1396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Kevin","email":"kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188707,"text":"70188707 - 1997 - Precious metals associated with Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous rocks of southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-04T00:23:20","indexId":"70188707","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5435,"text":"Economic Geology Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Precious metals associated with Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous rocks of southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"

Placer gold and precious metal-bearing lode deposits of southwestern Alaska lie within a region 550 by 350 km, herein referred to as the Kuskokwim mineral belt. This mineral belt has yielded 100,240 kg (3.22 Moz) of gold, 12, 813 kg (412,000 oz) of silver, 1,377,412 kg (39,960 flasks) of mercury, and modest amounts of antimony and tungsten derived primarily from the late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous complexes of four major types: (1) alkali-calcic, comagmatic volcanic-plutonic complexes and isolated plutons, (2) calc-alkaline, meta-aluminous reduced plutons, (3) peraluminous alaskite or granite-porphyry sills and dike swarms, and (4) andesite-rhyolite subaerial volcanic rocks.

About 80 percent of the 77 to 52 Ma intrusive and volcanic rocks intrude or overlie the middle to Upper Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group sedimentary and volcanic rocks, as well as the Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks of the Nixon Fork, Innoko, Goodnews, and Ruby preaccretionary terranes.

The major precious metal-bearing deposit types related to Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous complexes of the Kuskokwim mineral belt are subdivided as follows: (1) plutonic-hosted copper-gold polymetallic stockwork, skarn, and vein deposits, (2) peraluminous granite-porphory-hosted gold polymetallic deposits, (3) plutonic-related, boron-enriched silver-tin polymetallic breccia pipes and replacement deposits, (4) gold and silver mineralization in epithermal systems, and (5) gold polymetallic heavy mineral placer deposits. Ten deposits genetically related to Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary intrusions contain minimum, inferred reserves amounting to 162,572 kg (5.23 Moz) of gold, 201,015 kg (6.46 Moz) silver, 12,160 metric tons (t) of tin, and 28,088 t of copper.

The lodes occur in veins, stockworks, breccia pipes, and replacement deposits that formed in epithermal to mesothermal temperature-pressure conditions. Fluid inclusion, isotopic age, mineral assemblage, alteration assemblage, and structural data indicate that many of the mineral deposits associated with Late Cretaceous-early tertiary volcanic and plutonic rocks represent geologically and spatially related, vertically zoned hydrothermal systems now exposed at several erosional levels.

Polymetallic gold deposits of the Kuskokwim mineral belt are probably related to 77 to 52 Ma plutonism and volcanism associated with a period of rapid, north-directed subduction of the Kula plate. The geologic interpretation suggests that igneous complexes of the Kuskokwim mineral belt formed in an intracontinental back-arc setting during a period of extensional, wrench fault tectonics.

The Kuskokwim mineral belt has many geologic and metallogenic features similar to other precious metal-bearing systems associated with arc-related igneous rocks such as the Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary Rocky Mountain alkalic province, the Jurassic Mount Milligan district of central British Columbia, the Andean orogen of South America, and the Okhotsk-Chukotka belt of northeast Asia.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral Deposits of Alaska (Economic Geology Monographs, volume 9)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Economic Geology Publishing Company","isbn":"978-1-629495-56-9","usgsCitation":"Bundtzen, T., and Miller, M.L., 1997, Precious metals associated with Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous rocks of southwestern Alaska, chap. of Mineral Deposits of Alaska (Economic Geology Monographs, volume 9): Economic Geology Monographs, v. 9, p. 242-286.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.segweb.org/store/detail.aspx?id=EDOCMONO09"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuskokwim mineral belt","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 58.5\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 58.5\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 60.5\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 60.5\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 64\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b6e4b062508e382b9e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698981,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Lance D.","contributorId":30287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698982,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44307,"text":"ofr96646 - 1997 - Combined-sewer overflow data and methods of sample collection for selected sites, Detroit, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-15T20:04:25.953938","indexId":"ofr96646","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-646","title":"Combined-sewer overflow data and methods of sample collection for selected sites, Detroit, Michigan","docAbstract":"

The discharge of untreated sewage is illegal in Michigan unless permitted under Act 245 due to public health concerns. In October, 1992, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR, now the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality) issued a discharge permit to Detroit authorizing discharge from the City's 78 combined-sewer overflows (CSOs), and requiring that a long-term control plan be developed to achieve mandated waterquality standards in receiving waters. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued a national CSO policy in April, 1994, which requires (1) operational improvements of existing systems to minimize discharges and prevent their occurrence in dry weather; (2) publicly operated treatment works (POTW) to characterize the frequency and volume of discharges; and (3) construction of CSO discharge control projects where necessary.

In 1993, the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) requested assistance from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Detroit Water and Sewerage Department (DWSD) and MDNR, Surface Water Quality Division, to address part of the technical data requirements for requirement 2. The USGS scope of services for this interdisciplinary, multiagency investigation consisted of collection, compilation, and interpretation of the necessary hydrologic data, and documentation of results. In addition to USGS personnel, personnel from DWSD assisted with the field collection of samples and in alerting USGS personnel to CSO effluent discharges.

From October 1, 1994 through December 31, 1995, four CSOs discharging to the Detroit River in Detroit, Michigan (figure 1) were monitored to characterize storm-related water quantity and quality. Water velocity, stage, and precipitation were measured continuously and recorded at 5-minute intervals. Water-quality samples were collected at discrete times during storms and analyzed for inorganic and organic pollutants. Discharges were sampled between 30 and 78 times for inorganic pollutants, and between 14 and 22 times for organic pollutants, depending on the site. These samples represented between 8 and 17 storms during which one or more of the four selected CSOs discharged. The monitored pollutants included fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, and Escherichia coli; antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, total chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver, thallium and zinc; and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, volatile organic compounds, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Metal and non-metal inorganic pollutants were detected at all sites. Many organic pollutants were not detected at all.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96646","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with: City of Detroit, Michigan Southeast Michigan Council of Governments Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Sweat, M., and Wolf, J., 1997, Combined-sewer overflow data and methods of sample collection for selected sites, Detroit, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-646, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96646.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168752,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0646/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":464205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0646/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Detroit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.4796142578125,\n 42.16238548673798\n ],\n [\n -83.4796142578125,\n 42.527784255084676\n ],\n [\n -82.81219482421875,\n 42.527784255084676\n ],\n [\n -82.81219482421875,\n 42.16238548673798\n ],\n [\n -83.4796142578125,\n 42.16238548673798\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweat, M.J.","contributorId":90786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweat","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, J.R.","contributorId":58702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187937,"text":"70187937 - 1997 - Hazard evaluation of inorganics, singly and in mixtures, to Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis in the San Juan River, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T15:51:38","indexId":"70187937","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hazard evaluation of inorganics, singly and in mixtures, to Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis in the San Juan River, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

Larval flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) were exposed to arsenate, boron, copper, molybdenum, selenate, selenite, uranium, vanadium, and zinc singly, and to five mixtures of five to nine inorganics. The exposures were conducted in reconstituted water representative of the San Juan River near Shiprock, New Mexico. The mixtures simulated environmental ratios reported for sites along the San Juan River (San Juan River backwater, Fruitland marsh, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek). The rank order of the individual inorganics, from most to least toxic, was: copper > zinc > vanadium > selenite > selenate > arsenate > uranium > boron > molybdenum. All five mixtures exhibited additive toxicity to flannelmouth sucker. In a limited number of tests, 44-day-old and 13-day-old larvae exhibited no difference in sensitivity to three mixtures. Copper was the major toxic component in four mixtures (San Juan backwater, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek), whereas zinc was the major toxic component in the Fruitland marsh mixture, which did not contain copper. The Hogback East Drain was the most toxic mixture tested. Comparison of 96-h LC50values with reported environmental water concentrations from the San Juan River revealed low hazard ratios for arsenic, boron, molybdenum, selenate, selenite, uranium, and vanadium, moderate hazard ratios for zinc and the Fruitland marsh mixture, and high hazard ratios for copper at three sites and four environmental mixtures representing a San Juan backwater, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek. The high hazard ratios suggest that inorganic contaminants could adversely affect larval flannelmouth sucker in the San Juan River at four sites receiving elevated inorganics.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/eesa.1997.1600","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S.J., and Buhl, K., 1997, Hazard evaluation of inorganics, singly and in mixtures, to Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis in the San Juan River, New Mexico: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 38, no. 3, p. 296-308, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1997.1600.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"308","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bcfe4b0b7ff9fb489be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, S. J.","contributorId":27817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, K.J.","contributorId":19728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019383,"text":"70019383 - 1997 - Resolution of matrix effects on analysis of total and methyl mercury in aqueous samples from the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T06:18:14","indexId":"70019383","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1695,"text":"Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolution of matrix effects on analysis of total and methyl mercury in aqueous samples from the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"

 Aqueous samples from the Florida Everglades present several problems for the analysis of total mercury (HgT) and methyl mercury (MeHg). Constituents such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and sulfide at selected sites present particular challenges due to interferences with standard analytical techniques. This is manifested by 1) the inability to discern when bromine monochloride (BrCl) addition is sufficient for sample oxidation for HgT analysis; and 2) incomplete spike recoveries using the distillation/ethylation technique for MeHg analysis. Here, we suggest ultra-violet (UV) oxidation prior to addition of BrCl to ensure total oxidation of DOC prior to HgT analysis and copper sulfate (CuSO4) addition to aid in distillation in the presence of sulfide for MeHg analysis. Despite high chloride (Cl-) levels, we observed no effects on MeHg distillation/ethylation analyses.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002160050435","issn":"09370633","usgsCitation":"Olson, M., Cleckner, L., Hurley, J., Krabbenhoft, D., and Heelan, T., 1997, Resolution of matrix effects on analysis of total and methyl mercury in aqueous samples from the Florida Everglades: Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, v. 358, no. 3, p. 392-396, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160050435.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"392","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"358","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9d6e4b0c8380cd85fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleckner, L.B.","contributorId":29966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleckner","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heelan, T.W.","contributorId":36696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heelan","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019960,"text":"70019960 - 1997 - Presence and distribution of trace elements in new jersey streambed sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T11:06:25.193514","indexId":"70019960","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence and distribution of trace elements in new jersey streambed sediments","docAbstract":"

ABSTRACT: The distribution of trace elements in New Jersey streambed sediments is described with respect to physiographic provinces and major drainage areas. Samples were collected during 1976–1993 at 295 sites distributed throughout New Jersey. Copper, chromium, lead, and zinc were detected with the greatest frequency and at the highest concentrations of the elements. Concentrations of most trace elements were significantly higher in streambed sediments from the New England (glaciated) and Piedmont physiographic provinces - the provinces with the lowest and highest percentages of urban land use, respectively - than in sediments from the other provinces. High trace-element concentrations in the New England (glaciated) province reflect previous mining of extensive magnetite deposits, whereas those in the Piedmont province most likely reflect urban land use. Significantly lower trace-element concentrations in streambed sediments from the Coastal Plain are attributable to the low pH of the streamwater, the lack of iron and manganese available to form coatings that scavenge trace elements, and the relatively low percentage of urban land use in the province. Trace-element concentrations were related to land use, population, or point sources in the drainage basin specific to the sampling location by using logistic regression. Results of this analysis indicate a relation between arsenic and agricultural land use; chromium and physiographic province; and copper, lead, and zinc and population density.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03518.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, A.K., 1997, Presence and distribution of trace elements in new jersey streambed sediments: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 33, no. 2, p. 387-403, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03518.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b39e4b0c8380cd7e1be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, A. K.","contributorId":8141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020053,"text":"70020053 - 1997 - Induced polarization research at Kennecott, 1965-1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020053","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2610,"text":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Induced polarization research at Kennecott, 1965-1977","docAbstract":"Geophysics research and development (R&D) was a small research group at Kennecott Inc. (KEI), a subsidiary of Kennecott Copper Corporation. The research group served Geophysics-Operations, which in turn worked for another subsidiary, Bear Creek Mining Company (BCMC). BCMC did Kennecott's exploration work such as reconnaissance mapping, staking and proving up claims, and assessment drilling. The working environment at Geophysics R&D included emphasis on instrument development and being strongly field oriented; having entrepreneurial leaders engaged in technical work; interaction between R&D and its `customer', the Operations group and; emphasis on lowering costs and increasing production.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soc of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","doi":"10.1190/1.1437648","issn":"1070485X","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., 1997, Induced polarization research at Kennecott, 1965-1977: Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), v. 16, no. 1, p. 29-33, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1437648.","startPage":"29","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1437648"},{"id":227907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3aa9e4b0c8380cd61e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020159,"text":"70020159 - 1997 - El Salvador, Chile porphyry copper deposit revisited: Geologic and geochronologic framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-15T11:22:13.083855","indexId":"70020159","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"El Salvador, Chile porphyry copper deposit revisited: Geologic and geochronologic framework","docAbstract":"

The Eocene (42 to 41 Ma) El Salvador porphyry copper deposit in the Indio Muerto district, northern Chile (26° 15′ S Lat.), formerly thought to have formed at the culmination of a 9-m.y. period of episodic magmatism, is shown by new mapping, U-Pb and K-Ar geochronology, and petrologic data to have formed during the younger of two distinct but superposed magmatic events-a Paleocene (∼63 to 58 Ma) and an Eocene (44 to 41 Ma) event. In the district, high-K Paleocene volcano-plutonic activity was characterized by a variety of eruptive styles and magmatic compositions, including a collapse caldera associated with explosive rhyolitic magmatism (El Salvador trapdoor caldera), a post-collapse rhyolite dome field (Cerro Indio Muerto), and andesitic-trachyandesitic stratovolcanos (Kilometro Catorce-Los Amarillos sequence). Pre-caldera basement faults were reactivated during Paleocene volcanism as part of the collapse margin of the caldera. Beneath Cerro Indio Muerto, where the porphyry Cu deposit subsequently formed, the intersection of two major basement faults and the NNE-striking rotational axis of tilted ignimbrites of the Paleocene El Salvador caldera localized emplacement of post-collapse rhyolite domes and peripheral dikes and sills. Subsequent Eocene rhyolitic and granodioritic-dacitic porphyries intruded ~14 m.y. after cessation of Paleocene magmatism along the same NNE-striking structural belt through Cerro Indio Muerto as did the post-collapse Paleocene rhyolite domes. Eocene plutonism over a 3-m.y. period was contemporaneous with NW-SE-directed shortening associated with regional sinistral transpression along the Sierra Castillo fault, lying ∼10 km to the east. Older Eocene rhyolitic porphyries in the Indio Muerto district were emplaced between 44 and 43 Ma, and have a small uneconomic Cu center associated with a porphyry at Old Camp. The oldest granodioritic-dacitic porphyries also were emplaced at ∼44 to 43 Ma, but their petrogenetic relation to the rhyolitic porphyries and younger granodioritic-dacitic porphyries in the district is unclear. The main porphyry Cu-Mo-related granodioritic-dacitic stocks in Quebrada Turquesa on Cerro Indio Muerto intruded, cooled, and were mineralized within ∼1 m.y. between 42 and 41 Ma. Volumetrically minor late- to post-mineral porphyries are slightly more mafic than earlier granodioritic-dacitic porphyries, a compositional trend possibly repeated on several scales and more than once over the 3-million-year Eocene magmatic history of the Indio Muerto district. This compositional trend requires either addition of basaltic material into an open-system silicic magma chamber or tapping of progressively deeper levels of a vertically zoned magma chamber. Eocene porphyry magmas were more hydrous and their residual source mineralogy richer in garnet than the relatively anhydrous Paleocene rocks, whose source was rich in pyroxene. The presence of inherited zircons in Paleocene and Eocene rocks requires interaction with crustal rocks of Paleozoic and/or Proterozoic age.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206819709465258","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Cornejo, P., Tosdal, R., Mpodozis, C., Tomlinson, A., Rivera, O., and Fanning, C., 1997, El Salvador, Chile porphyry copper deposit revisited: Geologic and geochronologic framework: International Geology Review, v. 39, no. 1, p. 22-54, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819709465258.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0880e4b0c8380cd51b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornejo, P.","contributorId":48333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornejo","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mpodozis, C.","contributorId":66869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mpodozis","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tomlinson, A.J.","contributorId":79255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rivera, O.","contributorId":78102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fanning, C.M.","contributorId":82434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}