{"pageNumber":"4500","pageRowStart":"112475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":13607,"text":"ofr85408 - 1985 - Chemical and physical characteristics of water in estuaries of Texas; October 1978-September 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-12T13:47:07","indexId":"ofr85408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-408","title":"Chemical and physical characteristics of water in estuaries of Texas; October 1978-September 1983","docAbstract":"<p>The Texas Water Plan (Texas Water Development Board, 1968) proposed development and utilization of water resources in Texas and included a provision for the use and preservation of water in the estuaries of the State. Management of estuarine waters requires knowledge of the hydrodynamics and of the continuing changes in the chemical and physical characteristics of water in the estuaries.</p>\n<p>In September 1967, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Texas Department of Water Resources began a cooperative water-resources data-collection program of the principal estuaries along the Texas coast except for the Rio Grande estuary, which is under the jurisdiction of the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico.</p>\n<p>The data-collection program for the first 11 years were published in 9 separate publications by the Texas Department of Water Resources. This report is the final publication for the project which ended in September 1983, and contains the data collected for the last 5 years (October 1978-September 1983). Approximately 243 data-collect!*on sites were visited during the 1979-83 water years.</p>\n<p>The properties or constituents measured in the field were dissolved oxygen (DO), specific conductance, temperature, pH, and transparency by Secchi disk. Analyses conducted in the laboratory included the principal inorganic ions, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphate, insecticides and herbicides, and other selected metals such as aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, iron, lead, lithium, manganese, mercury, nichol, strontium, and zinc.</p>\n<p>Streamfl ow-measuring sites are used to monitor both the amount and quality of water that enter the estuarine embayments. The farthest downstream sites available are located many miles upstream from the estuaries because of the effect of changes in water stage in the estuaries. Consequently, there is inflow into the bays below these sites that can and do affect the amount and quality of water entering the estuaries.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr85408","usgsCitation":"Fisher, J., and Grozier, R., 1985, Chemical and physical characteristics of water in estuaries of Texas; October 1978-September 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-408, iv, 243 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85408.","productDescription":"iv, 243 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":42124,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0408/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0408/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e480a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, J.C.","contributorId":99974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grozier, R.U.","contributorId":105704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grozier","given":"R.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":14684,"text":"ofr87450C - 1985 - Play analysis of undiscovered oil and gas resources on onshore Federal lands, Phase I: Atlantic Coastal Plain","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":50770,"text":"ofr85269 - 1985 - Play analysis of undiscovered oil and gas resources on onshore Federal lands; Phase I, Atlantic Coastal Plain","indexId":"ofr85269","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Play analysis of undiscovered oil and gas resources on onshore Federal lands; Phase I, Atlantic Coastal Plain"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":14684,"text":"ofr87450C - 1985 - Play analysis of undiscovered oil and gas resources on onshore Federal lands, Phase I: Atlantic Coastal Plain","indexId":"ofr87450C","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Play analysis of undiscovered oil and gas resources on onshore Federal lands, Phase I: Atlantic Coastal Plain"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T19:34:39.027736","indexId":"ofr87450C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-450","chapter":"C","title":"Play analysis of undiscovered oil and gas resources on onshore Federal lands, Phase I: Atlantic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87450C","usgsCitation":"Libby-French, J., 1985, Play analysis of undiscovered oil and gas resources on onshore Federal lands, Phase I: Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-450, i, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87450C.","productDescription":"i, 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391437,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17264.htm"},{"id":43452,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0450c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0450c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Coast Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.128,\n              30.354\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.8570,\n              30.354\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.8570,\n              41.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.128,\n              41.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.128,\n              30.354\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684f14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Libby-French, Jan","contributorId":81115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Libby-French","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14740,"text":"ofr85547 - 1985 - PBDAT200; a computer program for processing raw Pb-U-Th isotope data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:06","indexId":"ofr85547","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-547","title":"PBDAT200; a computer program for processing raw Pb-U-Th isotope data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85547","usgsCitation":"Ludwig, K., 1985, PBDAT200; a computer program for processing raw Pb-U-Th isotope data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-547, i, 90 p. ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85547.","productDescription":"i, 90 p. ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0547/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43511,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0547/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689f14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":169933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14738,"text":"ofr85513 - 1985 - ISOPLOT200; a plotting and regression program for isotope geochemists, for use with HP Series 200 computers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:06","indexId":"ofr85513","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-513","title":"ISOPLOT200; a plotting and regression program for isotope geochemists, for use with HP Series 200 computers","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85513","usgsCitation":"Ludwig, K., 1985, ISOPLOT200; a plotting and regression program for isotope geochemists, for use with HP Series 200 computers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-513, 105 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85513.","productDescription":"105 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0513/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0513/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb98c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":169931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14735,"text":"ofr85391 - 1985 - Mineral deposit models; theory and practice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:07","indexId":"ofr85391","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-391","title":"Mineral deposit models; theory and practice","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85391","usgsCitation":"Ludington, S., Barton, P.B., and Johnson, K.M., 1985, Mineral deposit models; theory and practice (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-391, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85391.","productDescription":"19 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1003,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/ofr-85-0391/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":148983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63590c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, Paul B. Jr.","contributorId":68406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kathleen M. kjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kathleen","email":"kjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":169925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":13582,"text":"ofr85417 - 1985 - Ground-water quality data for Oklahoma; 1982-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:52","indexId":"ofr85417","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-417","title":"Ground-water quality data for Oklahoma; 1982-84","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has collected data on Oklahoma's ground-water resources since 1934. Most of these data were collected as part of specific ground-water studies conducted in cooperation with various federal, state, and local agencies. Ground-water quality data, as well as data on construction, yield, water levels, and other physical well parameters collected prior to 1982 are available from the U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma District Office.\r\nAlthough water-quality data for wells, test holes, and springs have been published, they are scattered through a variety of reports and are not readily available on a statewide basis. The purpose of this report is to make available all of the ground-water quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Sate of Oklahoma. This report contains 412 ground-water quality analyses since 1982 from 341 sites in 25 counties.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr85417","usgsCitation":"Ferree, D.M., 1985, Ground-water quality data for Oklahoma; 1982-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-417, iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85417.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0417/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42097,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0417/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66735a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferree, D. M.","contributorId":53423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferree","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14689,"text":"ofr85661 - 1985 - Map of faulting accompanying the 1966 Parkfield, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:07","indexId":"ofr85661","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-661","title":"Map of faulting accompanying the 1966 Parkfield, California, earthquake","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85661","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., and Brown, R., 1985, Map of faulting accompanying the 1966 Parkfield, California, earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-661, 8 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85661.","productDescription":"8 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0661/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43455,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0661/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43456,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0661/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43457,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0661/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43458,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0661/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a92e4b07f02db657166","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R.D.","contributorId":73221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":14718,"text":"ofr85554 - 1985 - Current water resources activities in Arkansas, 1984-85","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:58","indexId":"ofr85554","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-554","title":"Current water resources activities in Arkansas, 1984-85","docAbstract":"This report describes water resources activities conducted by the Arkansas District of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, during fiscal years 1984 and 1985. Activities included surface water, groundwater, water quality, and water-use investigations. Twenty-five projects were funded during 1984 and 1985. For each project, a description of the project objectives, approach, plans and reports is included. Lists are included of reports completed during the period and of reports previously published by, or in conjunction with the Geological Survey. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85554","usgsCitation":"Louthian, B., and Gann, E.E., 1985, Current water resources activities in Arkansas, 1984-85: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-554, iv, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85554.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0554/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43491,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0554/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ebee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Louthian, B.L.","contributorId":48574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Louthian","given":"B.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gann, E. E.","contributorId":71562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gann","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13588,"text":"ofr85667 - 1985 - Analytical results for 186 water samples collected in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Lancaster, and Montgomery counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:52","indexId":"ofr85667","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-667","title":"Analytical results for 186 water samples collected in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Lancaster, and Montgomery counties, Pennsylvania","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85667","usgsCitation":"Ficklin, W.H., McHugh, J.B., and McNeal, J., 1985, Analytical results for 186 water samples collected in Berks, Bucks, Chester, Lancaster, and Montgomery counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-667, i, 19 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85667.","productDescription":"i, 19 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0667/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42106,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0667/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42107,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0667/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ficklin, W. H.","contributorId":89517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ficklin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNeal, J.M.","contributorId":61817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeal","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":14702,"text":"ofr85382 - 1985 - Landslides and debris flows east of Mount Pleasant, Utah, 1983 and 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:03","indexId":"ofr85382","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-382","title":"Landslides and debris flows east of Mount Pleasant, Utah, 1983 and 1984","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85382","usgsCitation":"Lips, E., 1985, Landslides and debris flows east of Mount Pleasant, Utah, 1983 and 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-382, 14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85382.","productDescription":"14 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0382/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43469,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0382/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43470,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0382/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa06a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lips, E.W.","contributorId":55821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lips","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15812,"text":"ofr85339 - 1985 - Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 1983 - November 30, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:09","indexId":"ofr85339","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-339","title":"Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 1983 - November 30, 1984","docAbstract":"A Decree of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954 established the position of Delaware River Master. The Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs of the City of New York to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. Reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually were stipulated. During the 1984 report year, December 1, 1983 to November 30, 1984, precipitation and runoff varied from above average to below average in the Delaware River basin. For the year as a whole, precipitation and runoff were near average. Operations were under a status of drought warning December 1, 1983; however, the above normal precipitation the first half of the year increased storage in the reservoirs to record levels by June 1, 1984. Below normal precipitation from August to November coupled with large releases to maintain the Montague flow objective and customary diversions for water supply reduced storage in the reservoirs to the drought-warning level by November 27. Diversions from the Delaware River basin by New York City and New Jersey conformed to the terms of the Amended Decree throughout the year. Releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the Montague flow objective on 127 days between June 23 and November 30. Releases were made at conservation rates or at rates designed to relieve thermal stress in the streams downstream from the reservoirs at other times. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85339","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, F., Harkness, W.E., Baebenroth, R., and Speight, D., 1985, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 1983 - November 30, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-339, v, 83 p. :ill., (some col.) maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85339.","productDescription":"v, 83 p. :ill., (some col.) maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0339/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44838,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0339/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605c2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, F.T.","contributorId":34124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harkness, W. E.","contributorId":19176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harkness","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baebenroth, R.W.","contributorId":61836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baebenroth","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Speight, D.W.","contributorId":71563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speight","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2798,"text":"wsp2257 - 1985 - Traveltime and dispersion in the Potomac River, Cumberland, Maryland, to Washington, D.C.","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21102,"text":"ofr83861 - 1984 - Traveltime and dispersion in the Potomac River, Cumberland, Maryland, to Washington, D.C.","indexId":"ofr83861","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Traveltime and dispersion in the Potomac River, Cumberland, Maryland, to Washington, D.C."},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2798,"text":"wsp2257 - 1985 - Traveltime and dispersion in the Potomac River, Cumberland, Maryland, to Washington, D.C.","indexId":"wsp2257","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Traveltime and dispersion in the Potomac River, Cumberland, Maryland, to Washington, D.C."},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-09T21:11:45.964479","indexId":"wsp2257","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2257","title":"Traveltime and dispersion in the Potomac River, Cumberland, Maryland, to Washington, D.C.","docAbstract":"A travel-time and dispersion study using rhodamine dye was conducted on the Potomac River between Cumberland, Maryland, and Washington, D.C., a distance of 189 miles. The flow during the study was at approximately the 90-percent flow-duration level. A similar study was conducted by Wilson and Forrest in 1964 at a flow duration of approximately 60 percent. \r\n\r\nThe two sets of data were used to develop a generalized procedure for predicting travel-times and downstream concentrations resulting from spillage of water-soluble substances at any point along the river. The procedure will allow the user to calculate travel-time and concentration data for almost any spillage problem that occurs during periods of relatively steady flow between 50- and 95-percent flow duration. \r\n\r\nA new procedure for calculating unit peak concentration was derived. The new procedure depends on an analogy between a time-concentration curve and a scalene triangle. As a result of this analogy, the unit peak concentration can be expressed in terms of the length of the _lye or contaminant cloud. The new procedure facilitates the calculation of unit peak concentration for long reaches of river. Previously, there was no way to link unit peak concentration curves for studies in which the river was divided into subreaches for study. Variable dispersive characteristics caused mainly by low-head dams precluded useful extrapolation of the unit peak-concentration attenuation curves, as has been done in previous studies. \r\n\r\nThe procedure is applied to a hypothetical situation in which 20,000 pounds of contaminant is spilled at a railroad crossing at Magnolia, West Virginia. The times required for the leading edge, the peak concentration, and the trailing edge of the contaminant cloud to reach Point of Rocks, Maryland (110 river miles downstream), are 295, 375, and 540 hours respectively, during a period when flow is at the 80-percent flow-duration level. The peak conservative concentration would be approximately 340 micrograms per liter at Point of Rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2257","usgsCitation":"Taylor, K.R., James, R.W., and Helinsky, B.M., 1985, Traveltime and dispersion in the Potomac River, Cumberland, Maryland, to Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2257, iii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2257.","productDescription":"iii, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":29300,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2257/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2257/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":406491,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25456.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"District of Columbia, Maryland","city":"Cumberland, Washington D.C.","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.8433837890625,\n              38.762650338334154\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.89880371093749,\n              38.762650338334154\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.89880371093749,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.8433837890625,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.8433837890625,\n              38.762650338334154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Kenneth R.","contributorId":28957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, Robert W. Jr.","contributorId":77514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helinsky, Bernard M.","contributorId":63787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helinsky","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1667,"text":"wsp2221 - 1985 - Hydrology of major estuaries and sounds of North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T10:20:45","indexId":"wsp2221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2221","title":"Hydrology of major estuaries and sounds of North Carolina","docAbstract":"Hydrology-related problems associated with North Carolina 's major estuaries and sounds include contamination of some estuaries with municipal and industrial wastes and drainage from adjacent, intensively farmed areas, and nuisance-level algal blooms. In addition, there is excessive shoaling in some navigation channels, salt-water intrusion into usually fresh estuarine reaches, too high or too-low salinities in nursery areas for various estuarine species, and flood damage due to hurricanes. The Cape Fear River is the only major North Carolina estuary having a direct connection to the sea. Short-term flow throughout most of its length is dominated by ocean tides. Freshwater entering the major estuaries is, where not contaminated, of acceptable quality for drinking with minimum treatment. However, iron concentrations in excess of 0.3 milligrams per liter sometimes occur and water draining from swampy areas along the Coastal Plain is often highly colored, but these problems may be remedied with proper treatment. Nuisance-level algal blooms have been a recurring problem on the lower estuarine reaches of the Neuse, Tar-Pamlico, and Chowan Rivers where nutrients (compounds of phosphorous and nitrogen) are abundant. The most destructive blooms tend to occur in the summer months during periods of low freshwater discharge and relatively high water temperatures. Saltwater intrusion occurs from time to time in all major estuaries except the Roanoke River, where releases from Roanoke Rapids Lake and other reservoirs during otherwise low-flow periods effectively block saline water from the estuary. New shoaling materials found in the lower channelized reaches of the Cape Fear and Northeast Cape Fear Rivers are primarily derived, not from upstream sources, but from nearby shore erosion, from slumping of material adjacent to the dredged channels, from old spoil areas, or from ocean-derived sediments carried upstream by near-bottom density currents.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2221","usgsCitation":"Giese, G.L., Wilder, H.B., and Parker, G.G., 1985, Hydrology of major estuaries and sounds of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2221, Report: xi, 108 p.; 1 Plate: 19.30 x 18.45 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2221.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 108 p.; 1 Plate: 19.30 x 18.45 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60201d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giese, G. L.","contributorId":44898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giese","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilder, Hugh B.","contributorId":83899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilder","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Garald G. Jr.","contributorId":20310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Garald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2303,"text":"wsp2261 - 1985 - Subsurface storage of freshwater in South Florida; a digital model analysis of recoverability","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10315,"text":"ofr83536 - 1983 - Subsurface storage of freshwater in South Florida; a digital analysis of recoverability","indexId":"ofr83536","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Subsurface storage of freshwater in South Florida; a digital analysis of recoverability"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2303,"text":"wsp2261 - 1985 - Subsurface storage of freshwater in South Florida; a digital model analysis of recoverability","indexId":"wsp2261","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Subsurface storage of freshwater in South Florida; a digital model analysis of recoverability"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp2261","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2261","title":"Subsurface storage of freshwater in South Florida; a digital model analysis of recoverability","docAbstract":"As part of a study of the feasibility of recovering freshwater injected and stored underground in south Florida, a digital solute-transport model was used to investigate the relation of recovery efficiency to the variety of hydrogeologic conditions that could prevail in brackish artesian aquifers and to a variety of management alternatives. The analyses employed a modeling approach in which the control for sensitivity testing was a hypothetical aquifer considered representative of permeable zones in south Florida that might be used for storage of freshwater. Parameter variations in the tests represented possible variations in aquifer conditions in the area. The applicability of the analyses to south Florida limestone aquifers required the assumption that flow nonuniformities in those aquifers are small on the scale of volumes of water likely to be injected, and that their effect could be represented as hydrodynamic dispersion. \r\n\r\nGenerally, it was shown that a loss of recovery efficiency is caused by (1) processes causing mixing of injected freshwater with native saline water (hydrodynamic dispersion), (2) processes causing the more or less irreversible displacement of the injected freshwater with respect to the well (buoyancy stratification, background hydraulic gradients, and interlayer dispersion), or (3) processes causing injection and withdrawal flow patterns to be dissimilar (directionally biased well-bore plugging, and dissimilar injection and withdrawal schedules in multiple-well systems). Other results indicated that recovery efficiency improves considerably with successive cycles, providing that each recovery phase ends when the chloride concentration of withdrawn water exceeds established criteria for potability (usually 250 milligrams per liter), and that freshwater injected into highly permeable or highly saline aquifers (such as the 'boulder zone') would buoy rapidly. \r\n\r\nMany hydrologic conditions were posed for model analysis. To have obtained comparable results with operational testing would have been more costly by orders of magnitude. The tradeoff is that the validity of results obtained from computer modeling is somewhat less certain. In particular, results must be qualified with observations that (1) the complex set of processes lumped as hydrodynamic dispersion is represented with a somewhat simplified mathematical approximation, and (2) other flow processes in limestone injection zones are as yet incompletely understood. Despite such reservations, the study is considered a practical example of the use of transport models in ground-water investigations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2261","usgsCitation":"Merritt, M.L., 1985, Subsurface storage of freshwater in South Florida; a digital model analysis of recoverability: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2261, v, 44 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2261.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2261/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28125,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2261/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, Michael L.","contributorId":29392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1819,"text":"wsp2231 - 1985 - Controls on phosphorus mobility in the Potomac River near the Blue Plains wastewater treatment plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T12:07:35.813684","indexId":"wsp2231","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2231","title":"Controls on phosphorus mobility in the Potomac River near the Blue Plains wastewater treatment plant","docAbstract":"The Blue Plains wastewater treatment plant is the largest point source of phosphorus in the Potomac River basin, discharging an average of 2 metric tons of phosphorus into the river each day in 1980. An intensive study of the water and sediments in the vicinity of the treatment plant was conducted in 1979-80 in order to characterize the major factors controlling the mobility of effluent-derived phosphorus in the area. \r\n\r\nThe transport of phosphorus near the treatment plant was found to be affected by the circulation regime, by inorganic adsorption reactions with sediments, and by metabolic uptake and release by phytoplankton. The effect of river discharge on the convective transport of phosphorus near the outfall is significantly reduced by a mid-river shoal area, which confines the flow path of the effluent to an embayment on the eastern side of the river for a distance of 4 kilometers below the outfall. This embayment appears to serve as a sediment trap, where protection from bottom scour during high-flow events has permitted fine-grained sediments to accumulate. Measurements of mean residence time indicate that the effluent leaves the embayment area 21? days after being discharged from the outfall. \r\n\r\nMeasurements of the linear decay constant for the removal of dissolved phosphorus from the water column reveal a diurnal cycle corresponding to the metabolic utilization of phosphorus by phytoplankton. This cyclic removal is superimposed on a constant and noncyclic adsorption of phosphorus by inorganic phases. Forty-eight hour average values of the linear decay constant for dissolved phosphorus in the area range from 0.4 to 1.1 per day. \r\n\r\nAnalyses of bottom sediments indicate that approximately 13 percent of the phosphorus discharged between September 1977 and August 1980 has been retained in the embayment. The primary inorganic phase responsible for phosphorus adsorption is amorphous iron (ferric oxy-hydroxides); amorphous aluminum and clay minerals appear to play secondary roles. The accumulation of sorbed phosphorus in the embayment has been promoted by the deposition of fine-grained sediments enriched in ferric oxy-hydroxides. Conversely, the absence of ferric oxy-hydroxides in coarse-grained sediments near the outfall has facilitated the precipitation of the ferrous phosphate mineral vivianite.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. General Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2231","usgsCitation":"Hearn, 1985, Controls on phosphorus mobility in the Potomac River near the Blue Plains wastewater treatment plant: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2231, v, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2231.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27015,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.07149505615234,\n              38.810419613702024\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.00042724609374,\n              38.810419613702024\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.00042724609374,\n              38.89383860542579\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.07149505615234,\n              38.89383860542579\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.07149505615234,\n              38.810419613702024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6856e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, Jr. phearn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","suffix":"Jr.","email":"phearn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":144206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1118,"text":"wsp2234A - 1985 - Distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, May 1978 to November 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T19:20:22.556427","indexId":"wsp2234A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"A","title":"Distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, May 1978 to November 1981","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A water quality study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234A","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., Paschal, J.E., and Bartow, N.C., 1985, Distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, May 1978 to November 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, viii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234A.","productDescription":"viii, 46 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395975,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25304.htm"},{"id":25881,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River and Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              37.896530447543\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2945556640625,\n              37.896530447543\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2945556640625,\n              38.839707613545144\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              38.839707613545144\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              37.896530447543\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649fe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Virginia","contributorId":12018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paschal, James E.","contributorId":17971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschal","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartow, Nancy C.","contributorId":56203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartow","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1842,"text":"wsp2254 - 1985 - Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T08:26:03","indexId":"wsp2254","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2254","title":"Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water","docAbstract":"<p>The chemical composition of natural water is derived from many different sources of solutes, including gases and aerosols from the atmosphere, weathering and erosion of rocks and soil, solution or precipitation reactions occurring below the land surface, and cultural effects resulting from human activities. Broad interrelationships among these processes and their effects can be discerned by application of principles of chemical thermodynamics. Some of the processes of solution or precipitation of minerals can be closely evaluated by means of principles of chemical equilibrium, including the law of mass action and the Nernst equation. Other processes are irreversible and require consideration of reaction mechanisms and rates. The chemical composition of the crustal rocks of the Earth and the composition of the ocean and the atmosphere are significant in evaluating sources of solutes in natural freshwater.</p>\n<p>The ways in which solutes are taken up or precipitated and the amounts present in solution are influenced by many environmental factors, especially climate, structure and position of rock strata, and biochemical effects associated with life cycles of plants and animals, both microscopic and macroscopic. Taken together and in application with the further influence of the general circulation of all water in the hydrologic cycle, the chemical principles and environmental factors form a basis for the developing science of natural-water chemistry.</p>\n<p>Fundamental data used in the determination of water quality are obtained by the chemical analysis of water samples in the laboratory or onsite sensing of chemical properties in the field. Sampling is complicated by changes in the composition of moving water and by the effects of particulate suspended material. Some constituents are unstable and require onsite determination or sample preservation. Most of the constituents determined are reported in gravimetric units, usually milligrams per liter or milliequivalents per liter.</p>\n<p>More than 60 constituents and properties are included in water analyses frequently enough to provide a basis for consideration of the sources from which each is generally derived, the most probable forms of elements and ions in solution, solubilitycontrols, expected concentration ranges, and other chemical factors. Mechanisms that control concentrations of elements commonly present in amounts less than a few tens of micrograms per liter cannot always be easily ascertained, but present information suggests that many are controlled by solubility of their hydroxides or carbonates or by sorption on solid particles. Many dissolved organic compounds can now be specifically determined.</p>\n<p>Chemical analyses may be grouped and statistically evaluated by means, medians, frequency distributions, or ion correlations to summarize large volumes of data. Graphing of analyses or of groups of analyses aids in showing chemical relationships among water, probable sources of solutes, areal water-quality regimen, temporal and spatial variation, and water-resources evaluation. Graphs may show water type based on chemical composition, relationships among ions, or groups of ions in individual waters or many waters considered simultaneously. The relationships of water quality to hydrogeologic characteristics, such as stream discharge rate or ground-water flow patterns, can be shown by mathematical equations, graphs, and maps.</p>\n<p>About 80 water analyses selected from the literature are tabulated to illustrate the relationships described, and some of these, along with many others that are not tabulated, are also used in demonstrating graphing and mapping techniques.</p>\n<p>Relationships of water composition to source rock type are illustrated by graphs of some of the tabulated analyses. Human activities may modify water composition extensively through direct effects of pollution and indirect results of water development, such as intrusion of seawater in groundwater aquifers.</p>\n<p>Water-quality standards for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use have been published by various agencies. Irrigation project requirements for water quality are particularly intricate.</p>\n<p>Fundamental knowledge of processes that control natural-water composition is required for rational management of water quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wsp2254","usgsCitation":"Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (3rd ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2254, Document: xii, 263 p.; 4 Plates: 17.4 x 18.5 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2254.","productDescription":"Document: xii, 263 p.; 4 Plates: 17.4 x 18.5 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wsp2254.JPG"},{"id":326296,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2254/plate-2a.pdf","text":"Plate 2-A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326295,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2254/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326297,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2254/plate-2b.pdf","text":"Plate 2-B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326298,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2254/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326299,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp2254/pdf/wsp2254a.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp2254","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"3rd ed.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, John David","contributorId":42577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1426,"text":"wsp2266 - 1985 - Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8984,"text":"ofr84588 - 1984 - Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts","indexId":"ofr84588","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1426,"text":"wsp2266 - 1985 - Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts","indexId":"wsp2266","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp2266","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2266","title":"Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) are sorbed to the fine-grained stream-bottom sediments along the Housatonic River from Pittsfield, Massachusetts, southward to the Massachusetts-Connecticut boundary. The highest PCB concentrations, up to 140,000 micrograms per kilogram, were found in samples of bottom material from a reach of the river between Pittsfield and Woods Pond Dam in Lee, Massachusetts. Sediments in Woods Pond have been estimated to contain about 11,000 pounds of PCB's. Approximately 490 pounds per year of PCB's have also been estimated to move past the Housatonic River gaging station at Great Barrington. \r\n\r\nThe distribution of hydraulic heads, water temperatures, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate, iron, and manganese in ground water shows that industrial water-supply wells in a sand and gravel aquifer adjacent to a stretch of the river called Woods Pond have been inducing ground-water recharge through the PCB-contaminated bottom sediments of the pond since late 1956. These data indicate that, at one location along the shore of the pond, the upper 40 feet of the aquifer contains water derived from induced infiltration. However, this induced recharge has not moved PCB's from the bottom sediments into a vertical section of the aquifer located 5 feet downgradient from the edge of Woods Pond. Samples taken at selected intervals in this section showed that no PCB's sorbed to the aquifer material or dissolved in the ground water within the detection limits of the chemical analyses.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2266","usgsCitation":"Gay, F.B., and Frimpter, M.H., 1985, Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2266, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2266.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2266/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26530,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2266/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gay, Frederick B.","contributorId":102052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frimpter, Michael H.","contributorId":8074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frimpter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1290,"text":"wsp2253 - 1985 - Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8645,"text":"ofr83222 - 1983 - Geohydrology and model analysis of the stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney counties, southwestern Kansas","indexId":"ofr83222","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and model analysis of the stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney counties, southwestern Kansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1290,"text":"wsp2253 - 1985 - Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas","indexId":"wsp2253","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T20:43:50.995415","indexId":"wsp2253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2253","title":"Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas","docAbstract":"A study was made, in cooperation with the Division of Water Resources, Kansas State Board of Agriculture, to determine geohydrologic conditions in an area comprising nearly 850,000 acres along the Arkansas River valley in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas. The Arkansas River meanders atop and interacts hydraulically with the area's multilayered, unconsolidated aquifer system. Declines in static water levels in wells in the heavily pumped lower aquifer ranged from 20 to 80 feet during 1974-80. The river is dry in much of the area. \r\n\r\nA digital computer model was calibrated to simulate the trends of historic water levels. Simulated 1974-80 conditions depicted an average annual recharge to the unconsolidated aquifer system of 66,900 acre-feet from precipitation and 36,200 acre-feet from river and canal seepage and boundary inflow. Simulated average annual discharge consisted of 634,800 acre-feet from pumpage and boundary outflow. Simulated average annual recharge to the unconsolidated aquifer system was 531,700 acre-feet less than average annual discharge, indicating the ground-water resource is currently (1982) being mined in the study area. \r\n\r\nSimulation also indicated that there would be sufficient saturated thickness in 2005 for irrigation if 1980 hydrologic conditions continued. Seepage losses from the Arkansas River and irrigation canals are a major source of recharge to the unconsolidated aquifer system. Therefore, the amount of flow in the Arkansas River would be important in determining the rate of future water-level declines in the study area. Streamflow seepage losses could be decreased by (1) decreasing the number of wells pumping in the study area in order to reduce downward leakage from the valley aquifer, or (2) increasing streamflow discharge in order to recharge the valley aquifer. The rate and direction of flow between the river and the valley aquifer depend on the hydraulic conductivity of the streambed and the hydraulic gradient between the river stage and the water table. As long as river stage remains high, the water table in the valley aquifer continues to rise. Seepage from the river to the valley aquifer decreases as the altitude difference between the river stage and the valley aquifer decreases, becoming insignificant when the water level in the valley aquifer nearly equals river stage. However, a rise in the water table in the valley aquifer because of recharge from the river will correspond to increased downward leakage to the lower aquifer, impeding recharge to the valley aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2253","usgsCitation":"Dunlap, L.E., Lindgren, R.J., and Sauer, C.G., 1985, Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2253, viii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2253.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2253/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411665,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25532.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2253/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Finney County, Kearny County","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.6667,\n              38.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.5,\n              38.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.5,\n              37.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.6667,\n              37.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.6667,\n              38.167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunlap, L. E.","contributorId":45685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlap","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindgren, Richard J. lindgren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard","email":"lindgren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":143507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, C. G.","contributorId":52548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1970,"text":"wsp2264 - 1985 - Simulating unsteady transport of nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen in the Chattahoochee River downstream from Atlanta, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T10:24:57","indexId":"wsp2264","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2264","title":"Simulating unsteady transport of nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen in the Chattahoochee River downstream from Atlanta, Georgia","docAbstract":"As part of an intensive water-quality assessment of the Chattahoochee River, repetitive water-quality measurements were made at 12 sites along a 69-kilometer reach of the river downstream of Atlanta, Georgia. Concentrations of seven constituents (temperature, dissolved oxygen, ultimate carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate) were obtained during two periods of 36 hours, one starting on August 30, 1976, and the other starting on May 31, 1977. The study reach contains one large and several small sewage outfalls and receives the cooling water from two large powerplants. \r\n\r\nAn unsteady water-quality model of the Lagrangian type was calibrated using the 1977 data and verified using the 1976 data. The model provided a good means of interpreting these data even though both the flow and the pollution loading rates were highly unsteady. A kinetic model of the cascade type accurately described the physical and biochemical processes occurring in the river. All rate coefficients, except reaeration coefficients and those describing the resuspension of BOD, were fitted to the 1977 data and verified using the 1976 data. \r\n\r\nThe study showed that, at steady low flow, about 38 percent of the BOD settled without exerting an oxygen demand. At high flow, this settled BOD was resuspended and exerted an immediate oxygen demand. About 70 percent of the ammonia extracted from the water column was converted to nitrite, but the fate of the remaining 30 percent is unknown. Photosynthetic production was not an important factor in the oxygen balance during either run.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2264","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H.E., 1985, Simulating unsteady transport of nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen in the Chattahoochee River downstream from Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2264, v, 36 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2264.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2264/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27346,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.9462890625,\n              33.284619968887675\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91357421875,\n              33.284619968887675\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91357421875,\n              34.14363482031264\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.9462890625,\n              34.14363482031264\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.9462890625,\n              33.284619968887675\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1675,"text":"wsp2271 - 1985 - Pesticides in the nation's rivers, 1975-1980, and implications for future monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2271","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2271","title":"Pesticides in the nation's rivers, 1975-1980, and implications for future monitoring","docAbstract":"Water samples were taken four times per year and bed-sediment samples two times per year during 1975-80 at 160 to 180 stations on major rivers of the United States. Samples were analyzed for 18 insecticides and 4 herbicides, which together accounted for about one-third of the total amount of all pesticides applied to major crops during 1975-80. Fewer than 10 percent of almost 3,000 water samples and fewer than 20 percent of almost 1,000 bed-sediment samples contained reportable concentrations of any of the compounds. The patterns of detection result from a combination of widely variable detection capabilities, chemical properties, and use. Most detections in water samples were of relatively persistent yet soluble compounds: atrazine (4.8 percent of samples), diazinon (1.2), and lindane (1.1). Most detections in bed-sediment samples were of the hydrophobic and persistent insecticides: DDE (17 percent of samples), DDD (12), dieldrin (12), chlordane (9.9), and DDT (8.5). Only for atrazine in water, and for DDE, DDD, DDT, and chlordane in bed sediments, were geographic patterns of detection correlated (pH<0.10) with use on farms. Detections of organochlorine insecticides in both water and bed sediments appear to have erratically but gradually decreased during 1975-80. For the 1975-79 period, more stations had downtrends than had uptrends in bed-sediment levels of organochlorines. No clear trends were evident in concentrations of organophosphate insecticides or herbicides in either water or bed sediments. Findings suggest that future pesticide monitoring efforts must be responsive to changes in pesticides used and to geographic patterns of use. Different types of monitoring approaches are necesssary for chemicals having different chemical and physical properties. Before an effective dynamic monitoring effort can be designed, however, selected case studies are needed to characterize and refine sampling and analytical capabilities for different types of chemicals, river environments, and sample types.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2271","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., Alexander, R.B., and Smith, R.A., 1985, Pesticides in the nation's rivers, 1975-1980, and implications for future monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2271, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2271.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2271/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26750,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2271/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2788,"text":"wsp2217 - 1985 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11397,"text":"ofr811119 - 1981 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii","indexId":"ofr811119","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2788,"text":"wsp2217 - 1985 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu","indexId":"wsp2217","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-14T18:34:00.298716","indexId":"wsp2217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2217","title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu","docAbstract":"Ground-water reservoirs impounded by volcanic dikes receive a substantial part of the total recharge to ground water on the island of Oahu because they generally underlie the rainiest areas. These reservoirs accumulate the infiltration from rainfall, store it temporarily, and steadily leak it to abutting basal reservoirs or to streams cutting into them. The dike reservoirs have high hydraulic heads and are mostly isolated from saline water.\r\n\r\nThe most important and productive of the dike-impounded reservoirs are in an area of about 135 square miles in the main fissure zone of the Koolau volcano where the top of the dike-impounded water reaches an altitude of at least 1,000 feet. Water is impounded and stored both above and below sea level. The water stored above sea level in the 135 square mile area has been roughly estimated at 560 billion gallons. In comparison, the water stored above sea level in reservoirs underlying a dike-intruded area of about 53 square miles in the Waianae Range has been roughly estimated at 100 billion gallons. Storage below sea level is indeterminable, owing to uncertainties about the ability of the rock to store water as dike density increases and porosity decreases.\r\n\r\nTunnels, by breaching dike controls, have reduced the water stored above sea level by at least 50 billion gallons in the Koolau Range and by 5 1/2 billion gallons in the Waianae Range, only a small part of the total water stored.\r\n\r\nTotal leakage from storage in the Koolau Range has been estimated at about 280 Mgal/d (million gallons per day). This estimated leakage from the dike-impounded reservoirs makes up a significant part of the ground-water yield of the Koolau Range, which has been estimated to range from 450 to 580 Mgal/d. The largest unused surface leakage is in the Kaneohe, Kahana, and Punaluu areas, and the largest unused underflow occurs in the Waialee, Hauula-Laie, Punaluu, and Kahana areas. The unused underflow leakage is small in areas near and east of Waialae, but it is an important supply because of the great need for augmenting water supplies there.\r\n\r\nTotal leakage from storage in the Waianae Range has not been estimated because underflow is difficult to determine. Much of the surface leakage, about 4 Mgal/d in the upper parts of Waianae, Makaha, and Lualualei Valleys, has been diverted by tunnels. Hence, supplies available, other than surface leakage, cannot be estimated from the discharge end of the hydrologic cycle. Infiltration in the Waianae Range to dike-intruded reservoirs in the upper part of the valleys on the west (leeward) side has been estimated at about 20 Mgal/d, and on the east (windward) side, at about 10 Mgal/d. The available supply has been estimated at about 15 Mgal/d from the infiltration on the leeward side, of which about 4 Mgal/d is now being developed. No estimate has been made for the available supply on the windward side. Dike-intruded reservoirs at shallow depths west (lee side) of the crest are in upper Makaha, Waianae, and Lualualei Valleys. They are at moderate depths in upper Haleanu and in lower Kaukonahua Gulches on the east (windward) side.\r\n\r\nFlow hydraulics in dike tunnels is also discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2217","usgsCitation":"Takasaki, K.J., and Mink, J.F., 1985, Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2217, vi, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2217.","productDescription":"vi, 77 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25463.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":29268,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2217/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -158.31298828125,\n              21.21257979063059\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.60986328125,\n              21.21257979063059\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.60986328125,\n              21.70847301324597\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.31298828125,\n              21.70847301324597\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.31298828125,\n              21.21257979063059\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takasaki, Kiyoshi J.","contributorId":105700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takasaki","given":"Kiyoshi","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mink, John Francis","contributorId":48164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mink","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Francis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2128,"text":"wsp2259 - 1985 - The ground-water system and possible effects of underground coal mining in the Trail Mountain area, central Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19845,"text":"ofr8467 - 1984 - The ground-water system and possible effects of underground coal mining in the Trail Mountain area, central Utah","indexId":"ofr8467","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"The ground-water system and possible effects of underground coal mining in the Trail Mountain area, central Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2128,"text":"wsp2259 - 1985 - The ground-water system and possible effects of underground coal mining in the Trail Mountain area, central Utah","indexId":"wsp2259","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"The ground-water system and possible effects of underground coal mining in the Trail Mountain area, central Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T17:07:40","indexId":"wsp2259","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2259","title":"The ground-water system and possible effects of underground coal mining in the Trail Mountain area, central Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The ground-water system was studied in the Trail Mountain area in order to provide hydrologic information needed to assess the hydrologic effects of underground coal mining. Well testing and spring data indicate that water occurs in several aquifers. The coal-bearing Blackhawk-Star Point aquifer is regional in nature and is the source of most water in underground mines in the region. One or more perched aquifers overlie the Blackhawk-Star Point aquifer in most areas of Trail Mountain.</p><p>Aquifer tests indicate that the transmissivity of the Blackhawk-Star Point aquifer, which consists mainly of sandstone, siltstone, and shale, ranges from about 20 to 200 feet squared per day in most areas of Trail Mountain. The specific yield of the aquifer was estimated at 0.05, and the storage coefficient is about IxlO\"6 per foot of aquifer where confined.</p><p>The main sources of recharge to the multiaquifer system are snowmelt and rain, and water is discharged mainly by springs and by leakage along streams. Springs that issue from perched aquifers are sources of water for livestock and wildlife on Trail Mountain.</p><p>Water in all aquifers is suitable for most uses. Dissolved solids concentrations range from about 250 to 700 milligrams per liter, and the predominant dissolved constituents generally are calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate.</p><p> Future underground coal mines will require dewatering when they penetrate the Blackhawk-Star Point aquifer. A finitedifference, three-dimensional computer model was used to estimate the inflow of water to various lengths and widths of a hypothetical dewatered mine and to estimate drawdowns of potentiometric surfaces in the partly dewatered aquifer. The estimates were made for a range of aquifer properties and premining hydraulic gradients that were similar to those on Trail Mountain. The computer simulations indicate that mine inflows could be several hundred gallons per minute and that potentiometric surfaces of the partly dewatered aquifer could be drawn down by several hundred feet during a reasonable life span of a mine. Because the Blackhawk-Star Point aquifer is separated from overlying perched aquifers by an unsaturated zone, mine dewatering alone would not affect perched aquifers. Mine dewatering would not significantly change water quality in the Blackhawk-Star Point aquifer. </p><p>Subsidence will occur above future underground mines, but the effects on the ground-water system cannot be quantified. Subsidence fractures possibly could extend from the roof of a mine into a perched aquifer several hundred feet above. Such fractures would increase down ward percolation of water through the perching bed, and spring discharge from the perched aquifer could decrease. Flow through subsidence fractures also could increase recharge to the Blackhawk-Star Point aquifer and increase inflows to underground mines.  </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Lines, G.C., 1985, The ground-water system and possible effects of underground coal mining in the Trail Mountain area, central Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2259, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2259.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27728,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2259/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2259/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Trail Mountain","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612291","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lines, Gregory C.","contributorId":50502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lines","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1818,"text":"wsp2206 - 1985 - Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48536,"text":"ofr801022 - 1980 - Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico","indexId":"ofr801022","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1818,"text":"wsp2206 - 1985 - Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico","indexId":"wsp2206","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp2206","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2206","title":"Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico","docAbstract":"An aquifer test was designed and conducted in the anisotropic dipping beds of the Tesuque Formation on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico. The three-dimensional digital model used to analyze the test approximated the response to the test. The analysis of the geohydrology of the test site in combination with the model calibration has provided estimates of average aquifer characteristics for the group of beds penetrated at the test site; the hydraulic conductivity parallel to the beds is about 2 feet per day, the hydraulic conductivity normal to the beds is about 0.0001 foot per day or lower, the specific yield is about 0.15, and the specific storage is about 2 x 10 -6 per foot.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2206","usgsCitation":"Hearne, G.A., 1985, Simulation of an aquifer test on the Tesuque Pueblo Grant, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2206, iv, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2206.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2206/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27014,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2206/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64859a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearne, Glenn A.","contributorId":50882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1899,"text":"wsp2258 - 1985 - Geohydrology and water resources of the Papago Farms-Great Plain area, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona, and the upper Rio Sonoyta area, Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19423,"text":"ofr83774 - 1983 - Geohydrology and water resources of the Papago Farms-Great Plain area, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona, and the upper Rio Sonoyta area, Sonora, Mexico","indexId":"ofr83774","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and water resources of the Papago Farms-Great Plain area, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona, and the upper Rio Sonoyta area, Sonora, Mexico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1899,"text":"wsp2258 - 1985 - Geohydrology and water resources of the Papago Farms-Great Plain area, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona, and the upper Rio Sonoyta area, Sonora, Mexico","indexId":"wsp2258","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and water resources of the Papago Farms-Great Plain area, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona, and the upper Rio Sonoyta area, Sonora, Mexico"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T21:50:17.069165","indexId":"wsp2258","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2258","title":"Geohydrology and water resources of the Papago Farms-Great Plain area, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona, and the upper Rio Sonoyta area, Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"The Papago Farms-Great Plain and upper Rio Sonoyta study area includes about 490 square miles in south-central Arizona and north-central Sonora, Mexico. The area is characterized by a broad, deep, sediment-filled basin bounded by low, jagged fault-block mountains. The climate is arid to semiarid. The climate and abundant ground water provide favorable conditions for irrigated agriculture. Annual precipitation averages 5 to 8 inches per year on the desert floor. Runoff, which occurs as intermittent streamflow and sheetflow, is too short lived and too laden with suspended sediment to be a reliable source for irrigation or public supply. \r\n\r\nNearly all the water used to irrigate more than 5,000 cultivated acres in the study area is withdrawn from the unconsolidated to partly consolidated basin fill. The ground water occurs in the deposits under unconfined (water-table) conditions with a saturated thickness that ranges from zero along the mountain fronts to more than 8,000 feet in the center of the basin. The amount of recoverable ground water in storage to a depth of 400 feet below the 1978-80 water table is estimated to be about 10 million acre-feet. Depths to water range from about 500 feet near the southern boundary of the study area to about 150 feet in the center of the study area. Ground water enters the area principally as underflow beneath the San Simon and Chukut Kuk Washes and as recharge along the mountain fronts. On the basis of model results, annual inflow to the ground-water system is estimated to be about 4,390 acre-feet. Ground water moves through the study area along paths that encircle a virtually impermeable unit in the basin center, termed 'the lakebed-clay deposits,' and moves westward to an outflow point beneath the Rio Sonoyta south of Cerro La Nariz. Rates of water movement range from less than I foot per year in clays to about 160 feet per year in well-sorted, coarse stream-channel deposits. Transmissivities along the basin margins range from 10,000 to 40,000 feet squared per day, whereas transmissivities in the basin-center lakebed-clay deposits are estimated to be less than 100 feet squared per day. Most Wells that are located along the basin margin and tap more than 300 feet of saturated basin fill in the upper1,000 feet of the aquifer should yield from 500 to 3,000 gallons per minute to properly constructed and developed wells. Specific capacities should range from 10 to 50 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. \r\n\r\nThe water in the aquifer is moderate to poor in chemical quality for irrigation and public-supply use. The ground water is mainly a sodium bicarbonate type with dissolved-solids concentrations that range from about 250 to 5,000 milligrams per liter and average about 530 milligrams per liter. The poorest quality water is associated with the basin-center lakebed-clay deposits. In most of the basin, the water contains fluoride concentrations that exceed the maximum contaminant levels acceptable for drinking water. Waters from the basin-center lakebed-clay deposits are also anomalously high in dissolved arsenic and unacceptable for public supply. High concentrations of sodium and bicarbonate in the ground water of the study area present potential hazards to most crops, and the use of this type of water requires careful farm-management practices. \r\n\r\nIn 1981 outflow resulting from withdrawals of water from the aquifer was about 23,2'00 acre-feet. Storage is being depleted at a rate of about 19,000 acre-feet per year. On the basis of a mathematical simulation of the groundwater system and withdrawal rates in 1981, storage depletion and drawdown of the water table were projected to 1991. Water-level declines in 199t were estimated to be as much as 20 feet at Papago Farms and more than 40 feet in the area south of the basin-center lakebed-clay deposits. The estimated amount of depletion in 1991 of ground water stored in the upper 400 feet of the aquifer is less than 3.0 percent of the total amou","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2258","usgsCitation":"Hollett, K.J., 1985, Geohydrology and water resources of the Papago Farms-Great Plain area, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona, and the upper Rio Sonoyta area, Sonora, Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2258, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2258.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411525,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25496.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":138423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2258/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2258/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, Sonora","otherGeospatial":"Papago Farms-Great Plain area, Papago Indian Reservation, upper Rio Sonoyta area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.083,\n              31.908\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.566,\n              31.908\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.566,\n              31.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.083,\n              31.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.083,\n              31.908\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollett, Kenneth J.","contributorId":40580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollett","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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