This paper describes the distribution and behaviour of passerine birds within 1 km of Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus eyries in western Greenland. Passerine populations were censused in 1983 around six cliffs occupied by nesting Peregrines and at six sites on the open tundra, and in 1984 at two unoccupied sites suitable for Peregrine nesting.
Four passerine species accounted for over 90% of birds seen. Within 400 m of Peregrine occupied cliffs, three species, Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus. Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe, and Common Redpoll Carduelisflammea, were found in lower than average abundance while the fourth, Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis, was found in increased abundance. Our indirect tests suggest that Peregrine presence, rather than direct predation, was responsible for the distributions of the first three species. The Snow Bunting, however, behaviourally adapts to Peregrine presence in order to exploit nesting habitat available at the cliff base.
These results contrast strongly with those reported by other Arctic workers, where increased abundances of potential prey were observed in close proximity to nesting Peregrines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.1989.tb02740.x","usgsCitation":"Meese, R., and Fuller, M., 1989, Distribution and behaviour of passerines around Peregrine Falco peregrinus eyries in western Greenland: Ibis, v. 131, no. 1, p. 27-32, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1989.tb02740.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197699,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meese, R.J.","contributorId":37445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meese","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223767,"text":"5223767 - 1989 - White-tailed deer ecology on Fire Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5223767","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"White-tailed deer ecology on Fire Island","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"O'Connell, A., Sayre, M.W., and Art, H., 1989, White-tailed deer ecology on Fire Island: Park Science, v. 9, no. 4, p. 4-5.","productDescription":"4-5","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17896,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www2.nature.nps.gov/parksci/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69955a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Connell, A.F. Jr. 0000-0001-7032-7023","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7023","contributorId":24055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell","given":"A.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sayre, M. W.","contributorId":10117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sayre","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Art, H.W.","contributorId":65961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Art","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223614,"text":"5223614 - 1989 - ICBP in the Americas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223614","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3795,"text":"World Birdwatch","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ICBP in the Americas","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"World Birdwatch","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rands, M., and Foster, M., 1989, ICBP in the Americas: World Birdwatch, v. 11, no. 3, p. 6-8.","productDescription":"6-8","startPage":"6","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rands, M.","contributorId":8966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rands","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222357,"text":"5222357 - 1989 - Testing for differences among survival or recovery rates using program CONTRAST","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5222357","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing for differences among survival or recovery rates using program CONTRAST","docAbstract":"A computer program was developed to implement the methods described by Sauer and Williams for multiple comparisons of survival or recovery rates","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., and Hines, J., 1989, Testing for differences among survival or recovery rates using program CONTRAST: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 17, no. 4, p. 549-550.","productDescription":"549-550","startPage":"549","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17905,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782728","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222576,"text":"5222576 - 1989 - Population ecology and harvest of the American black duck: a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5222576","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population ecology and harvest of the American black duck: a review","docAbstract":"1. The purpose of our review was to examine available data on population trends and current status of black ducks and trends in natality and survival and to relate these, where possible, to changes in habitat, predation, disease, contaminants, harvest, and hybridization with mallards. 2. The number of black ducks tallied in the winter survey has declined steadily over the past 30 years at an average rate of about 3%/ year. Reliability and precision of the survey are uncertain; it may not provide an adequate index to the continental population of black ducks. Breeding surveys are incomplete and sporadic, but black ducks have decreased in Ontario and increased in the Maritime Provinces and Quebec. 3. Recent declines in numbers of black ducks tallied in the winter survey are not unusual in magnitude or much different from those that have occurred among several other species of waterfowl. 4. At present, black ducks are not especially scarce relative to numbers of several other ducks in eastern North America. 5. There is no solid evidence of major decreases in quality or quantity of breeding habitat for black ducks in recent years; in some areas, habitat has improved. 6. Natural mortality of black ducks has not been well studied, but does not seem unusually high compared to other dabbling ducks. 7. Harvest rates of black ducks are similar to those of sympatric mallards as determined by banding analyses. 8. There is no strong evidence for direct effects of contaminants on black ducks, but some indirect effects through invertebrate food resources have been detected. 9. Age ratios in black ducks show no trend in the past 18 years. 10. The quality and quantity of wintering habitat for black ducks have decreased substantially in some areas. 11. Disease and other natural mortality that affect black ducks do .not occur in unusually high frequency. 12. A decline in harvest of black ducks has occurred; most of the decline has been in the United States, especially since restrictive regulations were implemented in 1983. 13. Recovery rates of black ducks have declined recently in the U.S., but not in Canada. 14. Survival rates of black ducks are 56-63% for adults and 43% for young. These rates of survival are similar to comparable estimates in sympatric mallards. 15. Long hunting seasons may depress survival in some sex-age classes of black ducks, buteffects of small reductions in survival on population trends are unknown. 16. Available evidence does not support the contention that hunting is either the sole or most important cause of the decline in the winter tally of black duck numbers. 17. Surveys and banding of black ducks should be thoroughly reviewed and maintained or improved as warranted. Obtaining or maintaining a reasonable index to numbers of black ducks is the top priority among survey needs. 18. Experimental manipulation of hunting seasons should be considered to elucidate relationships among regulations, harvest, survival, and population trends. 19. Black ducks and mallards are genetically similar; there is as much genetic differentiation within the 2 species as there is between them. 20. Black duck x mallard hybrids are fertile. Hybrids are difficult to detect by plumage and thus published frequencies (0-13%) of hybrids may be low. 21. Hybridization could be a result of concomitant mallard increases and black duck decreases, or changes in black duck-to-mallard ratios could be from hybridization and genetic swamping of black ducks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Rusch, D., Ankney, C., Boyd, H., Longcore, J.R., Montalbano, F., Ringelman, J., and Stotts, V.D., 1989, Population ecology and harvest of the American black duck: a review: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 17, no. 4, p. 379-406.","productDescription":"379-406","startPage":"379","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17904,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782702","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rusch, D. H.","contributorId":19897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusch","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ankney, C.D.","contributorId":48904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankney","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, H.","contributorId":65942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Montalbano, Frank III","contributorId":86715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montalbano","given":"Frank","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ringelman, J.K.","contributorId":65418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stotts, Vernon D.","contributorId":86724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stotts","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5222256,"text":"5222256 - 1989 - Solar radio-transmitters on snail kites in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:47","indexId":"5222256","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solar radio-transmitters on snail kites in Florida","docAbstract":"The effectiveness and safety of one- and two-stage solar radio-transmitters in tracking the movements and survival of adult and fledgling Snail Kites (Rostrhamus sociabilis) were evaluated between 1979 and 1983 in southern Florida. Transmitters were attached to birds with back-pack arrangements using teflon ribbon straps. Accessory plastic shields minimized feather coverage of the solar cells. Intact transmitters were seen on birds up to 47 mo after installation. Operating lives ranged from 8 to 21 mo for one-stage, and 10 to 14 mo for two-stage transmitters. Because survival of adult and nestling radio-marked kites was high, we conclude that our transmitter-attachment method had little effect on the birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., Beissinger, S., and Fuller, M., 1989, Solar radio-transmitters on snail kites in Florida: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 60, no. 2, p. 171-177.","productDescription":"171-177","startPage":"171","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17908,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v060n02/p0171-p0177.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, N.F.R.","contributorId":59383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"N.F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beissinger, S. R.","contributorId":10110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beissinger","given":"S. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222283,"text":"5222283 - 1989 - Polygyny in a wild wolf pack","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T00:08:23.625964","indexId":"5222283","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polygyny in a wild wolf pack","docAbstract":"This is the first recorded case of a single free-ranging male wolf breeding two females. The male settled with one at a den. Both females produced pups, and there is some evidence that the pups survived their first winter despite the male's being killed in summer.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1381450","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., and Nelson, M., 1989, Polygyny in a wild wolf pack: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 70, no. 3, p. 675-676, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381450.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199241,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, M.E.","contributorId":102021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222255,"text":"5222255 - 1989 - Climbing performance of Harris' hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) with added load: Implications for muscle mechanics and for radiotracking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T14:32:37.550017","indexId":"5222255","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climbing performance of Harris' hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) with added load: Implications for muscle mechanics and for radiotracking","docAbstract":"Two Harris’ hawks were trained to fly along horizontal and climbing flight paths, while carrying loads of various masses, to provide data for estimating available muscle power during short flights. The body mass of both hawks was about 920g, and they were able to carry loads up to 630 g in horizontal flight. The rate of climb decreased with increasing all-up mass, as also did the climbing power (product of weight and rate of climb). Various assumptions about the aerodynamic power in low-speed climbs led to estimates of the maximum power output of the flight muscles ranging from 41 to 46 W. This, in turn, would imply a stress during shortening of around 210 kPa. The effects of a radio package on a bird that is raising young should be considered in relation to the food load that the forager can normally carry, rather than in relation to its body mass.
","language":"English","publisher":"Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.142.1.17","usgsCitation":"Pennycuick, C., Fuller, M., and McAllister, L., 1989, Climbing performance of Harris' hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) with added load: Implications for muscle mechanics and for radiotracking: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 142, no. 1, p. 17-29, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.142.1.17.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487052,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.142.1.17","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":194182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bee4b07f02db5d12b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pennycuick, C.J.","contributorId":59133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennycuick","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAllister, L.","contributorId":53910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222264,"text":"5222264 - 1989 - Patterns of species co-occurrence of nesting colonial Ciconiiformes in Atlantic coast estuarine areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-19T14:26:37.033785","indexId":"5222264","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:06","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of species co-occurrence of nesting colonial Ciconiiformes in Atlantic coast estuarine areas","docAbstract":"Patterns of co-occurrence of 11 species of nesting colonial Ciconiiformes in estuarine areas of the Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida were examined using Reciprocal Averaging and Detrended Correspondence Analyses. The first RA ordination axis categorized the species into two groups: species of large birds that often nest in the tops of large trees, and species of smaller birds that usually nest lower down in trees, bushes, or on the ground. The Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) showed the largest positive ordination score on this axis, followed by the Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) and the Great Egret (Casmerodius albus). The other 8 species were clumped on the first ordination axis and showed little separation. The second RA axis showed an ordering of relative species abundances along an apparent north-south gradientThere were no consistent similarities of ordination scores of any species pairs or groups on all the major axes, suggesting that no consistent similarities in relative abundances of 2- or 3-species 'assemblages' were found throughout the entire Atlantic Coastal Plain.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521312","usgsCitation":"Spendelow, J., Erwin, R., and Williams, B.K., 1989, Patterns of species co-occurrence of nesting colonial Ciconiiformes in Atlantic coast estuarine areas: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 12, no. 1, p. 51-59, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521312.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spendelow, J. A. 0000-0001-8167-0898","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":72478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222286,"text":"5222286 - 1989 - Agricultural chemicals and prairie pothole wetlands: Meeting the needs of the resource and the farmer -- U.S. perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T09:38:34","indexId":"5222286","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:37","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agricultural chemicals and prairie pothole wetlands: Meeting the needs of the resource and the farmer -- U.S. perspective","docAbstract":"Included are the reasons for concern over the effects of agrichemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) on prairie-pothole wetlands in the United States. Summarized are the results of studies conducted to date on this topic. Identified is additional research needed to assess the impacts of agrichemicals on these wetlands. Included is a discussion of management strategies and initiatives which we believe may minimize inputs of these chemicals and their impacts on wetlands and waterfowl within this portion of the prairie pothole region, while still meeting the needs of the agricultural community.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Grue, C., Tome, M., Messmer, T., Henry, D., Swanson, G., and DeWeese, L., 1989, Agricultural chemicals and prairie pothole wetlands: Meeting the needs of the resource and the farmer -- U.S. perspective: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 54, p. 43-58.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689154","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tome, M.W.","contributorId":13923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tome","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Messmer, T.A.","contributorId":17566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messmer","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henry, D.B.","contributorId":91963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swanson, G.A.","contributorId":49299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeWeese, L.R.","contributorId":65116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWeese","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5223954,"text":"5223954 - 1989 - Patuxent: The dream becomes reality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"5223954","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:37","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1655,"text":"Fish and Wildlife News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patuxent: The dream becomes reality","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish and Wildlife News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1989, Patuxent: The dream becomes reality: Fish and Wildlife News, no. February-March, p. 3-5.","productDescription":"3-5","startPage":"3","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"February-March","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222239,"text":"5222239 - 1989 - Nesting phenology and success of ring-necked ducks in east-central Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:11","indexId":"5222239","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:37","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting phenology and success of ring-necked ducks in east-central Maine","docAbstract":"Selected aspects of the nesting biology of Ring-necked Ducks in east-central Maine were studied during 1983-1985 and compared to previous studies. Nesting chronology, clutch size, and hatching success were similar to results reported from previous studies, but nest success was 32-42% lower. Thirty-eight percent of the nests were successful; % of the eggs in successful nests hatched. Among unsuccessful nests, predation and flooding caused most failures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"McAuley, D., and Longcore, J.R., 1989, Nesting phenology and success of ring-necked ducks in east-central Maine: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 60, no. 1, p. 112-119.","productDescription":"112-119","startPage":"112","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17016,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v060n01/p0112-p0119.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222261,"text":"5222261 - 1989 - Divergent effects of postmortem ambient temperature on organophosphorus- and carbamate-inhibited brain cholinesterase activity in birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T20:05:28","indexId":"5222261","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3036,"text":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Divergent effects of postmortem ambient temperature on organophosphorus- and carbamate-inhibited brain cholinesterase activity in birds","docAbstract":"Time- and temperature-dependent postmortem changes in inhibited brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity may confound diagnosis of field poisoning of wildlife by anticholinesterase pesticide. Carbamate-inhibited ChE activity may return to normal within 1 to 2 days of exposure of intact carcass to moderate ambient temperature (18-32C). Organophosphorus-inhibited ChE activity becomes more depressed over the same time. Uninhibited ChE activity was resilient to above freezing temperature to 32C for 1 day and 25C for 3 days. Carbamate- and organophosphorus-inhibited ChE can be separated by incubation of homogenate for 1 hour at physiological temperatures; carbamylated ChE can be readily reactivated while phosphorylated ChE cannot.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0048-3575(89)90125-9","usgsCitation":"Hill, E.F., 1989, Divergent effects of postmortem ambient temperature on organophosphorus- and carbamate-inhibited brain cholinesterase activity in birds: Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, v. 33, no. 3, p. 264-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-3575(89)90125-9.","productDescription":"264-275","startPage":"264","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269823,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-3575(89)90125-9"},{"id":197449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d878","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222887,"text":"5222887 - 1989 - Capture myopathy in an endangered sandhill crane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-16T15:48:36","indexId":"5222887","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":704,"text":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture myopathy in an endangered sandhill crane","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, J.W., Thomas, N., and Reeves, S., 1989, Capture myopathy in an endangered sandhill crane: American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings, v. 1989, p. 111-112.","productDescription":"111-112","startPage":"111","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1989","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5f79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, S.","contributorId":62976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222272,"text":"5222272 - 1989 - Hepatic glutathione metabolism and lipid peroxidation in response to excess dietary selenomethionine and selenite in mallard ducklings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T15:19:27","indexId":"5222272","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hepatic glutathione metabolism and lipid peroxidation in response to excess dietary selenomethionine and selenite in mallard ducklings","docAbstract":"Selenium from selenomethionine accumulated in a dose-dependent manner in the liver, resulting in a decrease in hepatic-reduced glutathione with a corresponding decrease in total hepatic thiols. There was a dose-dependent increase in the oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio, and an increase in lipid peroxidation. These findings indicate that Se in the diet at 10 ppm and higher causes significant sublethal alterations in mallard ducklings, and 20-40 ppm causes significant hepatotoxicity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287398909531296","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Heinz, G.H., and Krynitsky, A.J., 1989, Hepatic glutathione metabolism and lipid peroxidation in response to excess dietary selenomethionine and selenite in mallard ducklings: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 27, no. 2, p. 263-271, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398909531296.","productDescription":"263-271","startPage":"263","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269448,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287398909531296"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015466,"text":"70015466 - 1989 - Volcanic hazards and their mitigation: progress and problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T16:33:26.483032","indexId":"70015466","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic hazards and their mitigation: progress and problems","docAbstract":"At the beginning of the twentieth century, volcanology began to emerge as a modern science as a result of increased interest in eruptive phenomena following some of the worst volcanic disasters in recorded history: Krakatau (Indonesia) in 1883 and Mont Pelée (Martinique), Soufrière (St. Vincent), and Santa María (Guatemala) in 1902. Volcanology is again experiencing a period of heightened public awareness and scientific growth in the 1980s, the worst period since 1902 in terms of volcanic disasters and crises. A review of hazards mitigation approaches and techniques indicates that significant advances have been made in hazards assessment, volcano monitoring, and eruption forecasting. For example, the remarkable accuracy of the predictions of dome-building events at Mount St. Helens since June 1980 is unprecedented. Yet a predictive capability for more voluminous and explosive eruptions still has not been achieved. Studies of magma-induced seismicity and ground deformation continue to provide the most systematic and reliable data for early detection of precursors to eruptions and shallow intrusions. In addition, some other geophysical monitoring techniques and geochemical methods have been refined and are being more widely applied and tested. Comparison of the four major volcanic disasters of the 1980s (Mount St. Helens, U.S.A. (1980), El Chichón, Mexico (1982); Galunggung, Indonesia (1982); and Nevado del Ruíz, Colombia (1985) illustrates the importance of predisaster geoscience studies, volcanic hazards assessments, volcano monitoring, contingency planning, and effective communications between scientists and authorities. The death toll (>22,000) from the Ruíz catastrophe probably could have been greatly reduced; the reasons for the tragically ineffective implementation of evacuation measures are still unclear and puzzling in view of the fact that sufficient warnings were given. The most pressing problem in the mitigation of volcanic and associated hazards on a global scale is that most of the world's dangerous volcanoes are in densely populated countries that lack the economic and scientific resources or the political will to adequately study and monitor them. This problem afflicts both developed and developing countries, but it is especially acute for the latter. The greatest advances in volcanic hazards mitigation in the near future are most likely to be achieved by wider application of existing technology to poorly understood and studied volcanoes, rather than by refinements or new discoveries in technology alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/RG027i002p00237","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R., 1989, Volcanic hazards and their mitigation: progress and problems: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 27, no. 2, p. 237-269, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG027i002p00237.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"269","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2efe4b08c986b32ae6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015043,"text":"70015043 - 1989 - Geologic nozzles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T16:46:05.612351","indexId":"70015043","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic nozzles","docAbstract":"Sonic velocities of geologic fluids, such as volcanic magmas and geothermal fluids, can be as low as 1 m/s. Critical velocities in large rivers can be of the order of 1–10 m/s. Because velocities of fluids moving in these settings can exceed these characteristic velocities, sonic and supersonic gas flow and critical and supercritical shallow-water flow can occur. The importance of the low characteristic velocities of geologic fluids has not been widely recognized, and as a result, the importance of supercritical and supersonic flow in geological processes has generally been underestimated. The lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, Washington, propelled a gas heavily laden with dust into the atmosphere. Because of the low sound speed in this gas (about 100 m/s), the flow was internally supersonic. Old Faithful Geyser, Wyoming, is a converging-diverging nozzle in which liquid water refilling the conduit during the recharge cycle changes during eruption into a two-phase liquid-vapor mixture with a very low sound velocity. The high sound speed of liquid water determines the characteristics of harmonic tremor observed at the gyeser during the recharge interval, whereas the low sound speed of the liquid-vapor mixture influences the fluid flow characteristics of the eruption. At the rapids of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, the channel is constricted into the shape of a converging-diverging nozzle by debris flows that enter from tributary canyons. Both subcritical and supercritical flow occur within the rapids. The transport capacity in the rapids can be so great that the river contours the channel to a characteristic shape. This shape can be used to interpret the flood history of the Colorado River over the past 10³–105 years. The unity of fluid mechanics in these three natural phenomena is provided by the well-known analogy between gas flow and shallow-water flow in converging-diverging nozzles.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/RG027i001p00003","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, S.W., 1989, Geologic nozzles: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 27, no. 1, p. 3-38, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG027i001p00003.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.98617557222258,\n 48.79172117681287\n ],\n [\n -124.30936239664189,\n 45.97741390870293\n ],\n [\n -122.60567354680788,\n 45.41075165832777\n ],\n [\n -117.05033211964427,\n 46.24159051384193\n ],\n [\n -114.9306423676804,\n 46.26642924514296\n ],\n [\n -111.28410423601889,\n 41.86077561860243\n ],\n [\n -114.27544983135832,\n 36.051034510313585\n ],\n [\n -110.83602511030185,\n 35.901907847979345\n ],\n [\n -110.28561413931081,\n 41.18351196870335\n ],\n [\n -109.78368622676281,\n 44.68281118355624\n ],\n [\n -109.97911567064102,\n 44.982776806664496\n ],\n [\n -116.8536869582579,\n 49.0707120572261\n ],\n [\n -124.98617557222258,\n 48.79172117681287\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1febe4b0c8380cd569cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, Susan W.","contributorId":270732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015358,"text":"70015358 - 1989 - Gas transport in unsaturated porous media: The adequacy of Fick's law","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T16:39:06.758759","indexId":"70015358","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas transport in unsaturated porous media: The adequacy of Fick's law","docAbstract":"The increasing use of natural unsaturated zones as repositories for landfills and disposal sites for hazardous wastes (chemical and radioactive) requires a greater understanding of transport processes in the unsaturated zone. For volatile constituents an important potential transport mechanism is gaseous diffusion. Diffusion, however, cannot be treated as an independent isolated transport mechanism. A complete understanding of multicomponent gas transport in porous media (unsaturated zones) requires a knowledge of Knudsen transport, the molecular and nonequimolar components of diffusive flux, and viscous (pressure driven) flux. The constitutive equations relating these flux components are available from the “dusty gas” model of Mason et al. (1967). This review presents a brief discussion of the underlying principles and interrelationships among each of the above flux mechanisms. Some aspects of these transport mechanisms are, to our knowledge, generally unrecognized in the Earth science literature. The principles underlying the transport mechanisms are illustrated with binary systems; the constitutive equations are then cast in forms thought to be most useful for the study of natural unsaturated zones. The viscous and diffusive fluxes are coupled in the constitutive equations through the Knudsen diffusivities; a knowledge of Knudsen diffusivities is necessary to calculate the viscous component of flux and pressure gradients. The Knudsen diffusivities can be calculated from measurements of the Klinkenberg effect. Two examples are presented showing that in natural systems, very small pressure gradients (1 Pa/m or less) can produce viscous fluxes greater than or equal to diffusive fluxes and that, conversely, pressure gradients of this magnitude can be generated by diffusive processes. The example calculations show that major concentration gradients can be developed for stagnant (zero flux, nonreactive) gases. A method is presented for approximating the viscous and diffusive flux components of gases in a multicomponent system from a knowledge of the concentration profiles of stagnant gases. In subsoil environments, argon and nitrogen are considered to be stagnant gases. Fick's laws are essentially, by definition, inadequate to deal with stagnant gases. In the examples presented, the error associated with estimating the total fluxes of nonstagnant gases by Fick's law, relative to stationary coordinates, ranges from a few percent to orders of magnitude.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/RG027i001p00061","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Thorstenson, D., and Pollock, D., 1989, Gas transport in unsaturated porous media: The adequacy of Fick's law: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 27, no. 1, p. 61-78, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG027i001p00061.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"78","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14d8e4b0c8380cd54bc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorstenson, D.C.","contributorId":47377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorstenson","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, D.W.","contributorId":30967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5230196,"text":"5230196 - 1989 - Migration of radio-marked whooping cranes from the Aransas-Wood Buffalo population: Patterns of habitat use, behavior, and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5230196","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T12:33:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":26,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Migration of radio-marked whooping cranes from the Aransas-Wood Buffalo population: Patterns of habitat use, behavior, and survival","docAbstract":"Use of migration stop-overs by radio-tracked whooping cranes (Grus americana) was studied in fall 1981-83 and spring 1983-84. Information on habitat use, time-activity budgets, and hazards encountered is presented for a sample of 27 individuals, including 9 radio-marked birds. Survival rate is calculated for radio-marked birds and compared with estimates for birds not radio-marked. Distribution patterns of birds for which complete stopover information is available are contrasted with distributions derived from opportunistic observations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Howe, M., 1989, Migration of radio-marked whooping cranes from the Aransas-Wood Buffalo population: Patterns of habitat use, behavior, and survival: Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 21, 33.","productDescription":"33","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31822009510355?urlappend=%3Bseq=119"},{"id":202609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, M.A.","contributorId":70462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230197,"text":"5230197 - 1989 - Procedures for the Analysis of Band-recovery Data and User Instructions for Program MULT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T15:33:09","indexId":"5230197","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"175","title":"Procedures for the Analysis of Band-recovery Data and User Instructions for Program MULT","docAbstract":"We briefly review methods for inference from band-recovery data and introduce a new, flexible procedure (MULT) for analysis of data from bird-banding studies. We compare our computing method to program SURIV and discuss the relative advanatages of each. We present several basic model structures that can be analyzed using program MULT and for each model structure describe estimation and hypothesis testing and give a data example. We provide a complete description of porgram MULT, which is IBM-PC compatible and may be run as either an interactive or a batch-mode program.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Conroy, M., Hines, J., and Williams, B.K., 1989, Procedures for the Analysis of Band-recovery Data and User Instructions for Program MULT: Resource Publication 175, iii, 61 p.","productDescription":"iii, 61 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5230195,"text":"5230195 - 1989 - Habitat area requirements of breeding forest birds of the middle Atlantic states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-13T13:07:19","indexId":"5230195","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Habitat area requirements of breeding forest birds of the middle Atlantic states","docAbstract":"Conservation of birds requires an understanding of their nesting requirements, including area as well as structural characteristics of the habitat. Previous studies have shown that many neotropical migrant bird species seem to depend on extensive forested areas, but the specific area requirements of individual species have not been clarified sufficiently to aid in design and management of effective preserves.
\nFor this 5-year study, bird and vegetation data were obtained at 469 points in forests ranging in area from 0.1 ha to more than 3,000 ha in Maryland and adjacent states. Data were analyzed first by stepwise regression to identify habitat factors that had the greatest influence on relative abundance of each bird species. In the relatively undisturbed mature forests studied, degree of isolation and area were significant predictors of relative abundance for more bird species than were any habitat variables. For species for which forest area was a significant predictor of abundance, we used logistic regression to examine the relationship between forest area and the probability of detecting the species.
\nIn managing forest lands for wildlife, top priority should go toward providing for the needs of area-sensitive or rare species rather than increasing species diversity per se. Avian species that occur in small and disturbed forests are generalists that are adapted to survival under edge conditions and need no special assistance from man. Forest reserves with thousands of hectares are required to have the highest probability of providing for the least common species of forest birds in a region. However, if preservation of large contiguous forest tracts is not a realistic option, results of this study suggest 2 alternative approaches. First, if other habitat attributes also are considered, smaller forests may provide suitable breeding sites for relatively rare species. Second, smaller tracts in close proximity to other forests may serve to attract or retain area-sensitive species.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., Dawson, D.K., and Dowell, B.A., 1989, Habitat area requirements of breeding forest birds of the middle Atlantic states, v. 103, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292088,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3830692"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.6195,37.8886 ], [ -79.6195,39.8982 ], [ -75.0492,39.8982 ], [ -75.0492,37.8886 ], [ -79.6195,37.8886 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64961d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowell, Barbara A.","contributorId":93165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowell","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5230199,"text":"5230199 - 1989 - Program CONTRAST--A general program for the analysis of several survival or recovery rate estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5230199","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":26,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"No. 24","title":"Program CONTRAST--A general program for the analysis of several survival or recovery rate estimates","docAbstract":"This manual describes the use of program CONTRAST, which implements a generalized procedure for the comparison of several rate estimates. This method can be used to test both simple and composite hypotheses about rate estimates, and we discuss its application to multiple comparisons of survival rate estimates. Several examples of the use of program CONTRAST are presented. Program CONTRAST will run on IBM-cimpatible computers, and requires estimates of the rates to be tested, along with associated variance and covariance estimates.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hines, J., and Sauer, J., 1989, Program CONTRAST--A general program for the analysis of several survival or recovery rate estimates: Fish and Wildlife Technical Report No. 24, 7.","productDescription":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200016,"text":"5200016 - 1989 - Tin Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:33:37","indexId":"5200016","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 15 ; Biological Report 85(1.15)","title":"Tin Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1989, Tin Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 15 ; Biological Report 85(1.15), vii, 83.","productDescription":"vii, 83","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91908,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_15_Tin.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5230281,"text":"5230281 - 1989 - North American Breeding Bird Survey Annual Summary, 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5230281","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"89(13)","title":"North American Breeding Bird Survey Annual Summary, 1988","docAbstract":"Introduction: The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is run by approximately 2,000 skilled amateur ornithologists, and is coordinated cooperatively by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Canadian Wildlife Service. Beginning in 1966, BBS cooperators have been collecting standardized information on North American bird populations. The BBS is a roadside survey, comprised of permanent routes that are surveyed yearly. Each route is 39.4 km (24.5 miles) long and consists of 50 stops spaced 0.8 km (0.5 mile) apart. All birds heard or seen during a 3-min observation period at each stop are recorded, and the sum of the individual stops for each species is used as an index of species density on the route. In this report, we present the population changes of the 222 bird species reported on > 50 BBS routes during 1987 and 1988. Population trends for 1966-87 are presented for comparison. Owing to space constraints, trends are not reported for States, Provinces, or physiographic regions. Instead, we present maps illustrating patterns of population change for selected species, and summarize State and physiographic strata patterns of population change as the proportion of species that increased in each region. Detailed State, Provincial, and physiographic strata changes arc available to interested readers. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"OCLC: 20234313. DTIC Accession Number: ADA322693 6781_Droege.pdf","usgsCitation":"Droege, S., and Sauer, J., 1989, North American Breeding Bird Survey Annual Summary, 1988: Biological Report 89(13), 16.","productDescription":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696d30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":343941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200076,"text":"5200076 - 1989 - Molybdenum Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:40:29","indexId":"5200076","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 19 ; Biological Report 85(1.19)","title":"Molybdenum Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","docAbstract":"Ecological and toxicological aspects of molybdenum (Mo) in the environment are briefly reviewed, with emphasis on fish and wildlife. Subtopics include sources and uses, chemical properties, mode of action, background concentrations in biological and nonbiological samples, and lethal and sublethal effects on terrestrial plants and invertebrates, aquatic organisms, birds, and mammals. Current recommendations for Mo and the protection of sensitive living resources are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1989, Molybdenum Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 19 ; Biological Report 85(1.19), vii, 61.","productDescription":"vii, 61","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91911,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_19_Molybdenum.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}