{"pageNumber":"4501","pageRowStart":"112500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":1756,"text":"wsp2209 - 1985 - Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9275,"text":"ofr8067 - 1981 - Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts","indexId":"ofr8067","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1756,"text":"wsp2209 - 1985 - Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts","indexId":"wsp2209","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp2209","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2209","title":"Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The Cape Cod aquifer system was simulated with three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water-flow models. Five areas were modeled to provide tools that can be used to evaluate the hydrologic impacts of regional water development and waste disposal. \r\n\r\nThe model boundaries were selected to represent the natural hydrologic boundaries of the aquifer. The boundary between fresh and saline ground water was treated as an interface along which there is no dispersion. The saline-water zone was treated as static (nonflowing). \r\n\r\nComparisons of calculated and observed values of head, position of the boundary between fresh and saline water, and ground-water discharge (at locations where data were available) indicate that the simulated groundwater reservoirs generally agree with field conditions. \r\n\r\nModel analyses indicate that the total steady-state freshwater-flow rate through the five modeled areas is approximately 412 cubic feet per second.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2209","usgsCitation":"Guswa, J.H., and LeBlanc, D.R., 1985, Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2209, v, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2209.","productDescription":"v, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2209/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26861,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2209/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guswa, John H.","contributorId":97881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guswa","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2868,"text":"wsp2247 - 1985 - Chemical and physical characteristics of water and sediment in Scofield Reservoir, Carbon County, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11534,"text":"ofr83252 - 1983 - Chemical and physical characteristics of water and sediment in Scofield Reservoir, Carbon County, Utah","indexId":"ofr83252","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical and physical characteristics of water and sediment in Scofield Reservoir, Carbon County, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2868,"text":"wsp2247 - 1985 - Chemical and physical characteristics of water and sediment in Scofield Reservoir, Carbon County, Utah","indexId":"wsp2247","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical and physical characteristics of water and sediment in Scofield Reservoir, Carbon County, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T16:46:55","indexId":"wsp2247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2247","title":"Chemical and physical characteristics of water and sediment in Scofield Reservoir, Carbon County, Utah","docAbstract":"

Evaluations based on the nutrient content of the inflow, outflow, water in storage, and the dissolved-oxygen depletion during the summer indicate that the trophic state of Scofield Reservoir is borderline between mesotrophic and eutrophic and may become highly eutrophic unless corrective measures are taken to limit nutrient inflow.

Sediment deposition in Scofield Reservoir during 1943-79 is estimated to be 3,000 acre-feet, and has decreased the original storage capacity of the reservoir by 4 percent. The sediment contains some coal, and age dating of those sediments (based on the radioisotope lead-210) indicates that most of the coal was deposited prior to about 1950.

Scofield Reservoir is dimictic, with turnovers occurring in the spring and autumn. Water in the reservoir circulates completely to the bottom during turnovers. The concentration of dissolved oxygen decreases with depth except during parts of the turnover periods. Below an altitude of about 7,590 feet, where 20 percent of the water is stored, the concentration of dissolved oxygen was less than 2 milligrams per liter during most of the year. During the summer stratification period, the depletion of dissolved oxygen in the deeper layers is coincident with supersaturated conditions in the shallow layers; this is attributed to plant photosynthesis and bacterial respiration in the reservoir.

During October 1,1979-August 31,1980, thedischargeweighted average concentrations of dissolved solids was 195 milligrams per liter in the combined inflow from Fish, Pondtown, and Mud Creeks, and was 175 milligrams per liter in the outflow (and to the Price River). The smaller concentration in the outflow was due primarily to precipitation of calcium carbonate in the reservoir about 80 percent of the decrease can be accounted for through loss as calcium carbonate.

The estimated discharge-weighted average concentration of total nitrogen (dissolved plus suspended) in the combined inflow of Fish, Pondtown, and Mud Creeks was 1.1 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. The load of total nitrogen contributed by each stream was about proportional to the quantity of water contributed by the respective stream.

For the combined inflow of Fish, Pondtown, and Mud Creeks, the discharge-weighted average concentration of total phosphorus was 0.06 milligram per liter as phosphorus. Percentages of the total phosphorus load contributed by Mud and Pondtown Creeks were significantly larger than their percentages of the total inflow. During October 1, 1979-August 31, 1980, Fish Creek contributed 72 percent of the inflowing water but only 60 percent of the total phosphorus load, Mud Creek contributed 16 percent of the total inflow but 24 percent of the total phosphorus load, and Pondtown Creek contributed 6 percent of the total inflow and 16 percent of the load of total phosphorus.

Eccles Canyon is a major contributor of nutrients to Mud Creek, and most of the nutrient load occurs in the form of suspended organic material. During the snowmelt period, concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus were as much as 21 and 4.3 milligrams per liter at the gaging station in Eccles Canyon. The unusually large concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus probably have resulted from flushing of residual debris from the canyon about 27.3 acres of forested land were cleared during 1979 for fire protection around new mine portals and for road rights-of-way.

The concentrations of trace metals in the sediments near the inflow of Mud Creek are not greatly different from those in the middle of the reservoir, which suggests that sediments related to coal mining either have not affected the trace-metal concentrations in the sediments or, particularly for the fine-grained sediments, have been uniformly distributed over the reservoir bottom. The concentration of total extractable mercury in the sediments ranged from 0.08 to 0.20 part per million near the inflow of Mud Creek and from 0.08 to 0.46 part per million at a site near the middle of the reservoir. Virtually all the mercury is silica bound, which is the least soluble fraction. The maximum concentration of mercury in the nondetrital and easily soluble fraction was 0.02 part per million at both sites.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2247","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S.Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K.M., Darby, D., and Theobald, S., 1985, Chemical and physical characteristics of water and sediment in Scofield Reservoir, Carbon County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2247, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2247.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29477,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2247/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Carbon County","otherGeospatial":"Scofield Reservoir","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, Kidd M.","contributorId":20720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"Kidd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darby, D.W.","contributorId":49333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Theobald, S.M.","contributorId":51270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theobald","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1403,"text":"wsp2273 - 1985 - Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood of 1980, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8956,"text":"ofr84578 - 1984 - The 1980 Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon","indexId":"ofr84578","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"The 1980 Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1403,"text":"wsp2273 - 1985 - Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood of 1980, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon","indexId":"wsp2273","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood of 1980, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:46:54","indexId":"wsp2273","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2273","title":"Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood of 1980, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2273","usgsCitation":"Gallino, G.L., and Pierson, T.C., 1985, Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood of 1980, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2273, vi, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2273.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26494,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2273/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26495,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2273/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684cac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallino, Gary L.","contributorId":11199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallino","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2442,"text":"wsp2260 - 1985 - Streamflow characteristics of mountain streams in western Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20397,"text":"ofr84244 - 1984 - Streamflow characteristics of mountain streams in western Montana","indexId":"ofr84244","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Streamflow characteristics of mountain streams in western Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2442,"text":"wsp2260 - 1985 - Streamflow characteristics of mountain streams in western Montana","indexId":"wsp2260","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Streamflow characteristics of mountain streams in western Montana"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-01T19:53:29.378853","indexId":"wsp2260","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2260","title":"Streamflow characteristics of mountain streams in western Montana","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2260","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Hull, J.A., 1985, Streamflow characteristics of mountain streams in western Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2260, iv, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2260.","productDescription":"iv, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28512,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2260/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138107,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2260/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425239,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25443.htm","text":"Swan River area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425238,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25442.htm","text":"Kootenai River area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425237,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25441.htm","text":"Bitterroot River area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Bitterroot River area, Kootenai River area, Swan River area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.94028393561105,\n 45.705892768751255\n ],\n [\n -112.87858474163527,\n 45.72323609756572\n ],\n [\n -112.65011182757267,\n 46.64697934655993\n ],\n [\n -113.60564356739631,\n 48.99446566559729\n ],\n [\n -116.12984048481898,\n 48.962901759989705\n ],\n [\n -116.06753890843684,\n 47.93410496644108\n ],\n [\n -115.69601009058407,\n 47.67758381922624\n ],\n [\n -115.7310007137604,\n 47.432484329880054\n ],\n [\n -115.1439853109075,\n 47.08531533002244\n ],\n [\n -114.74728002362939,\n 46.755926138005975\n ],\n [\n -114.61797549471474,\n 46.67424618495269\n ],\n [\n -114.33297507358567,\n 46.66904315428832\n ],\n [\n -114.44674935781838,\n 46.0831665740277\n ],\n [\n -114.4202396169044,\n 45.88924003434116\n ],\n [\n -114.51529993567702,\n 45.66759344106998\n ],\n [\n -114.47437389000656,\n 45.534650645034986\n ],\n [\n -114.27919793323905,\n 45.454418519016286\n ],\n [\n -113.94028393561105,\n 45.705892768751255\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hull, J. A.","contributorId":39345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1918,"text":"wsp2277 - 1985 - A primer on trace metal-sediment chemistry","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9582,"text":"ofr84709 - 1984 - A primer on trace metal-sediment chemistry","indexId":"ofr84709","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"A primer on trace metal-sediment chemistry"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1918,"text":"wsp2277 - 1985 - A primer on trace metal-sediment chemistry","indexId":"wsp2277","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"A primer on trace metal-sediment chemistry"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp2277","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2277","title":"A primer on trace metal-sediment chemistry","docAbstract":"In most aquatic systems, concentrations of trace metals in suspended sediment and the top few centimeters of bottom sediment are far greater than concentrations of trace metals dissolved in the water column. Consequently, the distribution, transport, and availability of these constituents can not be intelligently evaluated, nor can their environmental impact be determined or predicted solely through the sampling and analysis of dissolved phases. This Primer is designed to acquaint the reader with the basic principles that govern the concentration and distribution of trace metals associated with bottom and suspended sediments. \r\n\r\nThe sampling and analysis of suspended and bottom sediments are very important for monitoring studies, not only because trace metal concentrations associated with them are orders of magnitude higher than in the dissolved phase, but also because of several other factors. Riverine transport of trace metals is dominated by sediment. In addition, bottom sediments serve as a source for suspended sediment and can provide a historical record of chemical conditions. This record will help establish area baseline metal levels against which existing conditions can be compared. \r\n\r\nMany physical and chemical factors affect a sediment's capacity to collect and concentrate trace metals. The physical factors include grain size, surface area, surface charge, cation exchange capacity, composition, and so forth. Increases in metal concentrations are strongly correlated with decreasing grain size and increasing surface area, surface charge, cation exchange capacity, and increasing concentrations of iron and manganese oxides, organic matter, and clay minerals. Chemical factors are equally important, especially for differentiating between samples having similar bulk chemistries and for inferring or predicting environmental availability. Chemical factors entail phase associations (with such sedimentary components as interstitial water, sulfides, carbonates, and organic matter) and ways in which the metals are entrained by the sediments (such as adsorption, complexation, and within mineral lattices).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2277","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., 1985, A primer on trace metal-sediment chemistry: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2277, v, 67 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2277.","productDescription":"v, 67 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2277/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27244,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2277/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1bd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2745,"text":"wsp2256A - 1985 - Distribution and transport of trace substances in the Schuylkill River basin from Berne to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48805,"text":"ofr83265 - 1983 - Distribution and transport of trace substances in the Schuylkill River Basin from Berne to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","indexId":"ofr83265","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Distribution and transport of trace substances in the Schuylkill River Basin from Berne to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2745,"text":"wsp2256A - 1985 - Distribution and transport of trace substances in the Schuylkill River basin from Berne to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","indexId":"wsp2256A","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Distribution and transport of trace substances in the Schuylkill River basin from Berne to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T08:37:03","indexId":"wsp2256A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2256","chapter":"A","title":"Distribution and transport of trace substances in the Schuylkill River basin from Berne to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"During the period from October 1978 to March 1981, the U.S. Geological Survey assessed the river quality of the Schuylkill River basin in Pennsylvania from the headwaters to the Fairmount Dam at Philadelphia (river mile 8.4). The assessment focused on the distribution and transport of trace metals and organic substances (trace substances). Trace metals included were arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc; trace organic substances included organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. \r\n\r\nIn general, concentrations of trace substances in the streambed sediments were greater in the main stem of the Schuylkill River than in its tributaries and exceeded the background concentrations in the study area. Concentrations of most trace metals in the sediments were lowest in the Berne area (river mile 95) and highest in the urban-industrial area of Reading (river mile 76). Concentrations generally decreased from Reading downstream to Philadelphia (river mile 10.2). Concentrations of the organochlorine insecticides chlordane, DDT and its metabolites, and dieldrin generally increased gradually from Berne to Philadelphia. Average concentrations of trace metals in the main stem of the Schuylkill River in the sediment-sized fraction, less than 0.063 millimeters, were: zinc, 603 ?g/g (micrograms per gram); lead, 284 ?g/g; copper, 252 ?g/g; nickel, 119 ?g/g; chromium, 96 ?g/g; beryllium, 8.2 ?g/g; arsenic, 0.64 ?g/g; and mercury, 0.002 ?g/g. Average concentrations of trace organic substances in sediments of the main stem of the river were: polychlorinated biphenyls, 152 ?g/kg (micrograms per kilogram); chlordane, 24 ?g/kg; DDT and its metabolites, 18 ?g/kg; and dieldrin, 1.8 ?g/kg. \r\n\r\nThe average annual transport of trace substances by the river was computed for chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc. Concentrations of other trace substances in the sediment-water mixtures were generally undetectable. Of the trace metals, average annual transport of zinc was the greatest, and that of nickel was the least. Transport of trace metals in the river is closely associated with and related to suspended-sediment transport. About 71 percent of the average annual total metal transport is particulate material. \r\n\r\nYields, in tons per square mile per year, of copper, lead, zinc, and total organic carbon in the Schuylkill River basin were compared with yields in the Chattahoochee River basin (Georgia). The comparison indicates that yields, by constituent, were of the same order of magnitude. Both basins lie in the Piedmont province, and both have about the same percentage of urban land use.\r\n\r\nThe frequency of occurrence of concentrations of copper, lead, and zinc in the sediment-water mixture at Manayunk in Philadelphia were compared with domestic water-supply criteria of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The criteria are exceeded less than 1 percent of the time, or about 4 days per year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2256A","usgsCitation":"Stamer, J.K., Yorke, T.H., and Pederson, G.L., 1985, Distribution and transport of trace substances in the Schuylkill River basin from Berne to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2256, vii, A45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2256A.","productDescription":"vii, A45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2256a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29171,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2256a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Schuylkill River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.76309204101562,\n 39.89709437260048\n ],\n [\n -74.95147705078125,\n 39.89709437260048\n ],\n [\n -74.95147705078125,\n 40.26904802805884\n ],\n [\n -75.76309204101562,\n 40.26904802805884\n ],\n [\n -75.76309204101562,\n 39.89709437260048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f6ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamer, John K.","contributorId":104481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yorke, Thomas H.","contributorId":83109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yorke","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pederson, Gary L.","contributorId":81084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2532,"text":"wsp2232 - 1985 - Ground water in Utah's densely populated Wasatch Front area - The challenge and the choices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T17:11:23","indexId":"wsp2232","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2232","title":"Ground water in Utah's densely populated Wasatch Front area - The challenge and the choices","docAbstract":"

Utah's Wasatch Front area comprises about 4,000 square miles in the north-central part of the State. I n 1980, the area had a population of more than 1.1 million, or about 77 percent of Utah's total population. It contains several large cities, including Salt Lake City, Ogden, and Provo, and is commonly called Utah's urban corridor.

Most of the water supply for the Wasatch Front area comes from streams that originate in the Wasatch Range and nearby Uinta Mountains; however, ground water has played an important role in the economic growth of the area. The principal source of ground water is the unconsolidated fill (sedimentary deposits) in the valleys of the Wasatch Front area northern Juab, Utah, Goshen, and Salt Lake Valleys; the East Shore area (a valley area east of the Great Salt Lake), and the Bear River Bay area. Maximum saturated thickness of the fill in the principal ground-water reservoirs in these valleys exceeds 6,000 feet, and the estimated volume of water that can be withdrawn from just the upper 100 feet of the saturated fill is about 8 million acre-feet. In most places the water is fresh, containing less than 1,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids; in much of the Bear River Bay area and most of Goshen Valley (and locally in the other valleys), the water is slightly to moderately saline, with 1,000 to 10,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids.

The principal ground-water reservoirs receive recharge at an annual rate that is estimated to exceed 1 million acre-feet chiefly as seepage from consolidated rocks in the adjacent mountains from canals, ditches, and irrigated land, directly from precipitation, and from streams. Discharge during 1980 (which was chiefly from springs, seepage to streams, evapotranspiration, and withdrawal by wells) was estimated to be about 1.1 million acre-feet. Withdrawal from wells, which began within a few years after the arrival of the Mormon pioneers in the Salt Lake Valley in 1847, and had increased to about 320,000 acre-feet during 1979. Additional withdrawals from wells may cause water levels to decline, possibly leading to such problems as conflicts among water-right owners, increased pumping costs, land subsidence, and deterioration of ground-water quality. Some of these problems cannot be avoided if the principal ground-water reservoirs are to be fully used; however, management practices such as artificial ground-water recharge in intensivelypumped areas may help to alleviate those problems.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2232","usgsCitation":"Price, D., 1985, Ground water in Utah's densely populated Wasatch Front area - The challenge and the choices: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2232, vii, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2232.","productDescription":"vii, 71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2232/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28758,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2232/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Front","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dacb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1817,"text":"wsp2205 - 1985 - Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system near Pojoaque, New Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9419,"text":"ofr801023 - 1980 - Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system underlying Pojoaque River basin and vicinity, New Mexico","indexId":"ofr801023","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system underlying Pojoaque River basin and vicinity, New Mexico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1817,"text":"wsp2205 - 1985 - Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system near Pojoaque, New Mexico","indexId":"wsp2205","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system near Pojoaque, New Mexico"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp2205","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2205","title":"Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system near Pojoaque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional digital model of ground-water flow was constructed to represent the dipping anisotropic beds of the Tesuque aquifer system underlying the Pojoaque River basin and vicinity, New Mexico. Simulations of steady-state conditions and historical ground-water withdrawals were consistent with observed data. The model was used to simulate the response of the aquifer system to an irrigation-development plan in the Pojoaque River basin. Storage is the main source of water; 34.05 cubic feet per second (86 percent of the withdrawal rate) was simulated to be withdrawn from storage after 50 years of withdrawals for irrigation development. The maximum simulated water-level decline was 334 feet, and the net simulated streamflow capture from the Rio Grande and the Santa Cruz, Pojoaque, and Santa Fe Rivers was 5.63 cubic feet per second (14 percent of the withdrawal rate). The sensitivity of the model was tested by varying aquifer characteristics to the limits of the plausible range. Change in hydraulic head in the Pojoaque River basin is most sensitive to hydraulic conductivity. In all simulations, after 50 years of withdrawals, the maximum simulated decline in hydraulic head ranged between 210 and 474 feet, storage in the aquifer system was the source of 80 to 90 percent of the water withdrawn from wells, and streamflow capture from the Rio Grande and its tributaries plus irrigation diversions from the tributaries of the Pojoaque River simulated a decrease in the flow of the Rio Grande of between 17.13 and 21.11 cubic feet per second.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2205","usgsCitation":"Hearne, G.A., 1985, Mathematical model of the Tesuque aquifer system near Pojoaque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2205, vii, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2205.","productDescription":"vii, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2205/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27013,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2205/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ffd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearne, Glenn A.","contributorId":50882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2522,"text":"wsp2274 - 1985 - Relation between ground-water quality and mineralogy in the coal-producing Norton Formation of Buchanan County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T22:19:03.367618","indexId":"wsp2274","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2274","title":"Relation between ground-water quality and mineralogy in the coal-producing Norton Formation of Buchanan County, Virginia","docAbstract":"The geochemical processes controlling ground-water chemistry in the coal-producing strata of southwestern Virginia include hydrolysis of silicates, dissolution of carbonates, oxidation of pyrite, cation exchange, and precipitation of secondary minerals, kaolinite and goethite. \r\n\r\nCore material from the Norton Formation of the Pennsylvania Period is composed of slightly more than one-half sandstone; siltstone and minor amounts of shale, clay, and coal account for the majority of the remainder. Petrographic analyses and x-ray diffraction studies indicate that the sandstone is about 75 percent quartz, 15 percent plagioclase feldspar, 2 percent potassium feldspar, 2 percent muscovite, 4 percent chlorite, and 1 percent siderite. Calcite is present in small amounts and in a few strata as clasts or cement. No limestone strata were identified. The siltstone is about 50 percent quartz, 10 percent plagioclase feldspar, 10 percent mica, 20 percent chlorite, and from 0 to 25 percent siderite. Pyrite is associated with some siltstone and, where present, generally accounts for less than 1 percent. Total sulfur generally constitutes less than 0.1 percent of core samples but about 4 percent in the more pyrite-rich layers. \r\n\r\nThree reaction models are used to account for the observed water chemistry. The models derive sulfate from pyrite, iron from pyrite and siderite, calcium from plagioclase and calcite, sodium from plagioclase and cation exchange, magnesium from chlorite, and carbon from carbon dioxide, calcite, and siderite. Kaolinite, chalcedony, and goethite are formed authigenically. Carbon-13 data define the relative contributions of carbon sources to models. \r\n\r\nComparison of adjacent unmined and mined basins indicates that surface mining significantly increases the weathering reaction of pyrite in contrast to weathering reactions of other minerals. However, in the area studied, reactive pyrite does not appear to be present in sufficient quantities in strata associated with mined coal seams to cause acid mine drainage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2274","usgsCitation":"Powell, J.D., and Larson, J.D., 1985, Relation between ground-water quality and mineralogy in the coal-producing Norton Formation of Buchanan County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2274, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2274.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396293,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25416.htm"},{"id":28725,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2274/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2274/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Buchanan County","otherGeospatial":"Norton Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.0830,\n 37.0500\n ],\n [\n -82.033,\n 37.0500\n ],\n [\n -82.033,\n 37.087\n ],\n [\n -82.0830,\n 37.087\n ],\n [\n -82.0830,\n 37.0500\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c32f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, John D.","contributorId":6045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Jerry D.","contributorId":90703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1076,"text":"wsp2251 - 1985 - Effects of artificial recharge on the Ogallala aquifer, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T14:27:28","indexId":"wsp2251","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2251","title":"Effects of artificial recharge on the Ogallala aquifer, Texas","docAbstract":"

Four recharge tests were conducted by injecting water from playa lakes through wells into the Ogallala Formation. Injection was by gravity flow and by pumping under pressure. At one site, 34-acre feet of water was injected by gravity and produced a significant increase in yield of the well. At a second site, gravity injection of only 0.58 acre-foot caused a significant decrease in permeability due to plugging by suspended sediment. At two other sites, injection by pumping 6 and 14 acre-feet respectively, resulted in discharge of water at the surface and in perching of water above the water table. Differences in success of recharge were largely due to aquifer lithology and, therefore, the type of permeability; the concentration of suspended solids in the recharge water; and the injection technique. The injection technique can be controlled and the concentration of suspended solids can be minimized by treatment, but the site for well recharge will accept water most rapidly if it is selected on the basis of a favorable geohydrologic environment. Geophysical logs were used to study the effect of aquifer lithology on recharge and to understand the movement of injected water. Temperature logs were particularly useful in tracing the movement of recharged water. Natural-gamma, gamma-gamma, and neutron logs provided important data on lithology and porosity in the aquifer and changes in porosity and water distribution resulting from recharge. Effective recharge of the Ogallala Formation, using water from playa lakes, is possible where geohydrologic conditions are favorable and the recharge system is properly constructed.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2251","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.F., and Keys, W., 1985, Effects of artificial recharge on the Ogallala aquifer, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2251, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2251.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25783,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68452e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Richmond Flint","contributorId":96242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Richmond","email":"","middleInitial":"Flint","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keys, W.S.","contributorId":75126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keys","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":234,"text":"wsp2270 - 1985 - Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10347,"text":"ofr84811 - 1984 - Preliminary modeling of an aquifer thermal-energy storage system","indexId":"ofr84811","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary modeling of an aquifer thermal-energy storage system"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":234,"text":"wsp2270 - 1985 - Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985","indexId":"wsp2270","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":20720,"text":"ofr8466 - 1984 - Low-level radioactive ground-water contamination from a cold scrap recovery operation, Wood River Junction, Rhode Island","indexId":"ofr8466","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Low-level radioactive ground-water contamination from a cold scrap recovery operation, Wood River Junction, Rhode Island"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":234,"text":"wsp2270 - 1985 - Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985","indexId":"wsp2270","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T19:16:56.430592","indexId":"wsp2270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2270","title":"Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985","docAbstract":"The University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Geological Survey, and the U.S. Geological Survey are studying the feasibility of storing water at a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius in the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer. The Aquifer Thermal-Energy Storage project has a doublet-well design with a well spacing of approximately 250 meters. One well will be used for cool-water supply, and, the other, for hot-water injection. The U.S. Geological Survey is constructing a model of ground-water flow and thermal-energy transport to aid in determining the efficiency of the Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage system. A preliminary model of radial flow and thermal-energy transport was constructed, based on hydraulic and thermal properties of the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer determined in previous studies. \r\n\r\nThe model was used to investigate the sensitivity of model results to various hydraulic and thermal properties and to study the potential for buoyancy flow within the aquifer and the effect of various cyclic injection-withdrawal schemes on the relative thermal efficiency of the aquifer. \r\n\r\nSensitivity analysis was performed assuming 8 days of injection of 150-degree-Celsius water at 18.9 liters per second, 8 days of storage, and 8 days of withdrawal of hot water at 18.9 liters per second. The analysis indicates that, for practical ranges of hydraulic and thermal properties, rock-heat capacity is the least important property and thermal dispersivity is the most important property used to compute temperature and aquifer thermal efficiency. \r\n\r\nThe amount of buoyancy flow was examined for several values of hydraulic conductivity and ratios of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivities. For the assumed base values of hydraulic and thermal properties, buoyancy flow was negligible. The greatest simulated buoyancy flow resulted from simulations in which horizontal hydraulic conductivity was increased to 10 times the base value, and the vertical hydraulic conductivity was set equal to the horizontal hydraulic conductivity. \r\n\r\nThe effects of various injection-withdrawal rates and durations on computed values of aquifer relative thermal efficiency and final well-bore temperature were studied for five 1-year hypothetical test cycles of injection and withdrawal. The least efficient scheme was 8 months injection of 150-degree-Celsius water and 4 months of withdrawal of hot water at 18.9 liters per second. The most efficient scheme was obtained with 6 months of injection of 150-degree-Celsius water at 18.9 liters per second and 6 months of withdrawal of hot water at 37.8 liters per second. The hypothetical simulations indicate that the subsequent calibrated model of the doublet-well system will be a valuable tool in determining the most efficient system operation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2270","usgsCitation":"1985, Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1985; May 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2270, v, 119 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2270.","productDescription":"v, 119 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424719,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25565.htm","text":"Low-level radioactive ground-water contamination from a cold-scrap recovery operation, Wood River Junction, Rhode Island","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25565"},{"id":402884,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25453.htm","text":"Three-dimensional simulation of free-surface aquifers by finite-element method","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25453"},{"id":424718,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25517.htm","text":"An electromagnetic method for delineating ground-water contamination, Wood River Junction, Rhode Island","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25517"},{"id":24844,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2270/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e4e4b07f02db4bb4a5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Subitzky, Seymour","contributorId":99111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Subitzky","given":"Seymour","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":893052,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2698,"text":"wsp2239 - 1985 - Ground-water resources and potential hydrologic effects of surface coal mining in the northern Powder River basin, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"wsp2239","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2239","title":"Ground-water resources and potential hydrologic effects of surface coal mining in the northern Powder River basin, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"The shallow ground-water system in the northern Powder River Basin consists of Upper Cretaceous to Holocene aquifers overlying the Bearpaw Shale--namely, the Fox Hills Sandstone; Hell Creek, Fort Union, and Wasatch Formations; terrace deposits; and alluvium. Ground-water flow above the Bearpaw Shale can be divided into two general flow patterns. An upper flow pattern occurs in aquifers at depths of less than about 200 feet and occurs primarily as localized flow controlled by the surface topography. A lower flow pattern occurs in aquifers at depths from about 200 to 1,200 feet and exhibits a more regional flow, which is generally northward toward the Yellowstone River with significant flow toward the Powder and Tongue Rivers. \r\n\r\nThe chemical quality of water in the shallow ground-water system in the study area varies widely, and most of the ground water does not meet standards for dissolved constituents in public drinking water established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Water from depths less than 200 feet generally is a sodium sulfate type having an average dissolved-solids concentration of 2,100 milligrams per liter. Sodium bicarbonate water having an average dissolved-solids concentration of 1,400 milligrams per liter is typical from aquifers in the shallow ground-water system at depths between 200 and 1,200 feet. \r\n\r\nEffects of surface coal mining on the water resources in the northern Powder River Basin are dependent on the stratigraphic location of the mine cut. Where the cut lies above the water-yielding zone, the effects will be minimal. Where the mine cut intersects a water-ielding zone, effects on water levels and flow patterns can be significant locally, but water levels and flow patterns will return to approximate premining conditions after mining ceases. Ground water in and near active and former mines may become more mineralized, owing to the placement of spoil material from the reducing zone in the unsaturated zone where the minerals are subject to oxidation. Regional effects probably will be small because of the limited areal extent of ground-water flow systems where mining is feasible. \r\n\r\nResults of digital models are presented to illustrate the effects of varying hydraulic properties on water-level changes resulting from mine dewatering. The model simulations were designed to depict maximum-drawdown situations. One simulation indicates that after 20 years of continuous dewatering of an infinite, homogeneous, isotropic aquifer that is 10 feet thick and has an initial potentiometric surface 10 feet above the top of the aquifer, water-level declines greater than 1 foot would generally be limited to within 7.5 miles of the center of the mine excavation; declines greater than 2 feet to within about 6 miles; declines greater than 5 feet to within about 3.7 miles; declines greater than 10 feet to within about 1.7 miles; and declines greater than 15 feet to within 1.2 miles.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O :\r\nFor sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2239","usgsCitation":"Slagle, S.E., Lewis, B.D., and Lee, R.W., 1985, Ground-water resources and potential hydrologic effects of surface coal mining in the northern Powder River basin, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2239, iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2239.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2239/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247236,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2239/plate-1.pdf","size":"10143","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247237,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2239/plate-2.pdf","size":"6388","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29067,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slagle, Steven E.","contributorId":35284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slagle","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, Barney D.","contributorId":93873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38516,"text":"pp1345 - 1985 - The effects of ground water, slope stability, and seismic hazard on the stability of the South Fork Castle Creek blockage in the Mount St. Helens area, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":30815,"text":"ofr84624 - 1984 - The effects of ground water, slope stability, and seismic hazard on the stability of the South Fork Castle Creek blockage in the Mount St. Helens area, Washington","indexId":"ofr84624","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"The effects of ground water, slope stability, and seismic hazard on the stability of the South Fork Castle Creek blockage in the Mount St. Helens area, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38516,"text":"pp1345 - 1985 - The effects of ground water, slope stability, and seismic hazard on the stability of the South Fork Castle Creek blockage in the Mount St. Helens area, Washington","indexId":"pp1345","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"The effects of ground water, slope stability, and seismic hazard on the stability of the South Fork Castle Creek blockage in the Mount St. Helens area, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T18:27:09.748698","indexId":"pp1345","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1345","title":"The effects of ground water, slope stability, and seismic hazard on the stability of the South Fork Castle Creek blockage in the Mount St. Helens area, Washington","docAbstract":"

A slope stability analysis on the South Fork Castle Creek debris avalanche blockage, near Mount St. Helens, Washington, was conducted to determine the likelihood of mass failure of the blockage and resultant breakout of South Fork Castle Creek Lake. On the basis of material properties, groundwater levels, and seismic history of the blockage, slope stability with and without earthquake-induced forces was determined. Results indicated that the blockage will not fail from gravitational forces at September 1983 groundwater levels. An increase of 25 feet or more in water levels could cause local failures, but massive failure of the blockage is improbable. Blockage slopes are potentially unstable for present and higher water levels if an earthquake with magnitude greater than 6.0 should occur. Retrogressive slope failures are possible, but lowering of the blockage crest below lake level and consequent lake breakout are considered remote. Significant earthquake shaking could cause cracks in the blockage that might facilitate piping.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1345","usgsCitation":"Meyer, W., Sabol, M.A., Glicken, H., and Voight, B., 1985, The effects of ground water, slope stability, and seismic hazard on the stability of the South Fork Castle Creek blockage in the Mount St. Helens area, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1345, iv, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1345.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408049,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74275.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65253,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1345/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1345/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens area, South Fork Castle Creek blockage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.2861,\n 46.2569\n ],\n [\n -122.2736,\n 46.2569\n ],\n [\n -122.2736,\n 46.2667\n ],\n [\n -122.2861,\n 46.2667\n ],\n [\n -122.2861,\n 46.2569\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65def4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, William","contributorId":87538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sabol, M. A.","contributorId":36178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glicken, H. X.","contributorId":8902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glicken","given":"H. X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voight, Barry","contributorId":73653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voight","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":39661,"text":"pp1360 - 1985 - Evaluating earthquake hazards in the Los Angeles region— An earth-science perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T21:30:19.084438","indexId":"pp1360","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1360","title":"Evaluating earthquake hazards in the Los Angeles region— An earth-science perspective","docAbstract":"Potentially destructive earthquakes are inevitable in the Los Angeles region of California, but hazards prediction can provide a basis for reducing damage and loss. This volume identifies the principal geologically controlled earthquake hazards of the region (surface faulting, strong shaking, ground failure, and tsunamis), summarizes methods for characterizing their extent and severity, and suggests opportunities for their reduction. \r\n\r\nTwo systems of active faults generate earthquakes in the Los Angeles region: northwest-trending, chiefly horizontal-slip faults, such as the San Andreas, and west-trending, chiefly vertical-slip faults, such as those of the Transverse Ranges. Faults in these two systems have produced more than 40 damaging earthquakes since 1800. Ninety-five faults have slipped in late Quaternary time (approximately the past 750,000 yr) and are judged capable of generating future moderate to large earthquakes and displacing the ground surface. Average rates of late Quaternary slip or separation along these faults provide an index of their relative activity. The San Andreas and San Jacinto faults have slip rates measured in tens of millimeters per year, but most other faults have rates of about 1 mm/yr or less. Intermediate rates of as much as 6 mm/yr characterize a belt of Transverse Ranges faults that extends from near Santa Barbara to near San Bernardino. The dimensions of late Quaternary faults provide a basis for estimating the maximum sizes of likely future earthquakes in the Los Angeles region: moment magnitude .(M) 8 for the San Andreas, M 7 for the other northwest-trending elements of that fault system, and M 7.5 for the Transverse Ranges faults. Geologic and seismologic evidence along these faults, however, suggests that, for planning and designing noncritical facilities, appropriate sizes would be M 8 for the San Andreas, M 7 for the San Jacinto, M 6.5 for other northwest-trending faults, and M 6.5 to 7 for the Transverse Ranges faults. The geologic and seismologic record indicates that parts of the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults have generated major earthquakes having recurrence intervals of several tens to a few hundred years. In contrast, the geologic evidence at points along other active faults suggests recurrence intervals measured in many hundreds to several thousands of years. The distribution and character of late Quaternary surface faulting permit estimation of the likely location, style, and amount of future surface displacements. \r\n\r\nAn extensive body of geologic and geotechnical information is used to evaluate areal differences in future levels of shaking. Bedrock and alluvial deposits are differentiated according to the physical properties that control shaking response; maps of these properties are prepared by analyzing existing geologic and soils maps, the geomorphology of surficial units, and. geotechnical data obtained from boreholes. The shear-wave velocities of near-surface geologic units must be estimated for some methods of evaluating shaking potential. Regional-scale maps of highly generalized shearwave velocity groups, based on the age and texture of exposed geologic units and on a simple two-dimensional model of Quaternary sediment distribution, provide a first approximation of the areal variability in shaking response. More accurate depictions of near-surface shear-wave velocity useful for predicting ground-motion parameters take into account the thickness of the Quaternary deposits, vertical variations in sediment .type, and the correlation of shear-wave velocity with standard penetration resistance of different sediments. A map of the upper Santa Ana River basin showing shear-wave velocities to depths equal to one-quarter wavelength of a 1-s shear wave demonstrates the three-dimensional mapping procedure. \r\n\r\nFour methods for predicting the distribution and strength of shaking from future earthquakes are presented. These techniques use different measures of strong-motion","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1360","usgsCitation":"1985, Evaluating earthquake hazards in the Los Angeles region— An earth-science perspective: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1360, xii, 505 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1360.","productDescription":"xii, 505 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388205,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74284.htm"},{"id":119439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1360/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67381,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1360/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -115.94970703125,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -115.94970703125,\n 35.29943548054545\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 35.29943548054545\n ],\n [\n -119.88281249999999,\n 33.100745405144245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb09b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ziony, Joseph I.","contributorId":82766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziony","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749949,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":40059,"text":"ofr8034 - 1985 - Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Gallup East 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:36","indexId":"ofr8034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-34","title":"Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Gallup East 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr8034","usgsCitation":"Berge Exploration Inc., 1985, Federal coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Gallup East 7 1/2-minute Quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-34, 20 maps, 3 data sheets :photocopy ;58 x 48 cm. +1 pamphlet (iii, 39 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8034.","productDescription":"20 maps, 3 data sheets :photocopy ;58 x 48 cm. +1 pamphlet (iii, 39 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1403F","usgsCitation":"Ryder, P., 1985, Hydrology of the Floridan aquifer system in west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1403, Report: 63 p.; 1 Plate: 35.00 x 30.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1403F.","productDescription":"Report: 63 p.; 1 Plate: 35.00 x 30.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":67367,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484708,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4838.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.1217,\n 29.7369\n ],\n [\n -83.1217,\n 26.5789\n ],\n [\n -81.4525,\n 26.5789\n ],\n [\n -81.4525,\n 29.7369\n ],\n [\n -83.1217,\n 29.7369\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, P.D.","contributorId":104021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38486,"text":"pp1402D - 1985 - Freshwater heads and ground-water temperatures in aquifers of the Northern Great Plains in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:50","indexId":"pp1402D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1402","chapter":"D","title":"Freshwater heads and ground-water temperatures in aquifers of the Northern Great Plains in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1402D","usgsCitation":"Lobmeyer, D., 1985, Freshwater heads and ground-water temperatures in aquifers of the Northern Great Plains in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1402, p. D1-D11; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1402D.","productDescription":"p. D1-D11; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65152,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":65153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1402d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lobmeyer, D.H.","contributorId":106502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lobmeyer","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38565,"text":"pp1301 - 1985 - Studies of mineralized intrusive complexes in north-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-22T19:05:22.309632","indexId":"pp1301","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1301","title":"Studies of mineralized intrusive complexes in north-central Montana","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1301","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D.A., Fisher, F., and Naeser, C.W., 1985, Studies of mineralized intrusive complexes in north-central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1301, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1301.","productDescription":"56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494555,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74238.htm","text":"A gold-mineralized breccia zone at Kendall, north Moccasin Mountains, Fergus County, Montana","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494553,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74236.htm","text":"Mineralized breccias and intrusive complexes of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene age, north-central Montana [Little Rocky Mountains]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494552,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74235.htm","text":"Mineralized breccias and intrusive complexes of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene age, north-central Montana [Judith Peak - Red Mountain area, Judith Mountains]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494551,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74234.htm","text":"Mineralized breccias and intrusive complexes of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene age, north-central Montana [Limekiln Canyon, Judith Mountains]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494550,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74233.htm","text":"Mineralized breccias and intrusive complexes of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene age, north-central Montana [intrusive breccias of Plum Creek, north Moccasin Mountains]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404590,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74232.htm","text":"Mineralized breccias and intrusive complexes of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene age, north-central Montana [south Moccasin Mountains]","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494554,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74237.htm","text":"Relation between igneous intrusion and gold mineralization in the north Moccasin Mountains, Fergus County, Montana","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":65340,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1301/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1301/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.5589,\n 47.1353\n ],\n [\n -109.5067,\n 47.1353\n ],\n [\n -109.5067,\n 47.1856\n ],\n [\n -109.5589,\n 47.1856\n ],\n [\n -109.5589,\n 47.1353\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, D. A.","contributorId":49814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, F. S.","contributorId":36149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"F. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38559,"text":"pp1292C - 1985 - Geology and geochronology of granitoid and metamorphic rocks of late Archean age in northwestern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:35","indexId":"pp1292C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1292","chapter":"C","title":"Geology and geochronology of granitoid and metamorphic rocks of late Archean age in northwestern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Granitoid rocks of the Puritan Quartz Monzonite and associated biotite gneiss and amphibolite in northwestern Wisconsin compose the southwestern part of the Puritan batholith of Late Archean age. They differ from rocks in the Michigan segment of the batholith in having been deformed by brittle-ductile deformation and partly recrystallized during shearing accompanying development of the midcontinent rift system of Keweenawan (Middle Proterozoic) age. \r\n\r\nGranitoid rocks ranging in composition from granite to tonalite are dominant in the Wisconsin part of the batholith. To the north of the Mineral Lake fault zone, they are massive to weakly foliated and dominantly of granite composition, whereas south of the fault zone they are more strongly foliated and mainly of tonalite composition. Massive granite, leucogranite, and granite pegmatite cut the dominant granitoid rocks. Intercalated with the granitoid rocks in small to large conformable bodies are biotite gneiss, amphibolite, and local tonalite gneiss. Metagabbro dikes of probable Early Proterozoic age as much as 15 m thick cut the Archean rocks. \r\n\r\nRubidium-strontium whole-rock data indicate a Late Archean age for the granitoids and gneisses, but data points are scattered and do not define a single isochron. Zircon from two samples of tonalitic gneiss for uranium-thorium-Iead dating define a single chord on a concordia diagram, establishing an age of 2,735?16 m.y. The lower intercept age of 1,052?70 m.y. is in close agreement with rubidium-strontium and potassium-argon biotite ages from the gneisses. \r\n\r\nTwo episodes of deformation and metamorphism are recorded in the Archean rocks. Deformation during the Late Archean produced a steep west-northwest-oriented foliation and gently plunging fold axes and was accompanied by low amphibolite-facies metamorphism of the bedded rocks. A younger deformation resulting from largely brittle fracture was accompanied by retrogressive metamorphism; this deformation is most evident adjacent to the Mineral Lake fault and took place during Keweenawan rifting about 1,050 m.y. ago. The Mineral Lake fault is one of several northwest-trending faults in the Lake Superior region that originated in the Late Archean and were reactivated intermittently during the Proterozoic, including Keweenawan time. The faults dominantly have right-lateral displacements. \r\n\r\nThe Archean rocks of the Puritan batholith exposed in northwestern Wisconsin compose part of the greenstone-granite terrane, as defined in the Lake Superior region. These rocks were formed 2,7502,600 m.y. ago. The long dimension of the Puritan batholith as well as that of several batholiths in adjacent Minnesota are oriented sub parallel to the boundary between the greenstone-granite terrane and the older gneiss terrane, to the south. This conformity in trend is interpreted as indicating that the granite probably was emplaced after the two basement crustal segments had been joined.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1292C","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., Peterman, Z.E., Zartman, R., and Benedict, F.C., 1985, Geology and geochronology of granitoid and metamorphic rocks of late Archean age in northwestern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1292, p. C1-C17, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1292C.","productDescription":"p. C1-C17","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1292c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65328,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1292c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680b1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benedict, F. C.","contributorId":97068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}