{"pageNumber":"4504","pageRowStart":"112575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165969,"records":[{"id":28175,"text":"wri854216 - 1985 - Projected ground-water development, ground-water levels, and stream-aquifer leakage in the South Fork Solomon River Valley between Webster Reservoir and Waconda Lake, north-central Kansas, 1979-2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri854216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4216","title":"Projected ground-water development, ground-water levels, and stream-aquifer leakage in the South Fork Solomon River Valley between Webster Reservoir and Waconda Lake, north-central Kansas, 1979-2020","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite difference computer model was used to project changes in the potentiometric surface, saturated thickness, and stream aquifer leakage in an alluvial aquifer resulting from four instances of projected groundwater development. The alluvial aquifer occurs in the South Fork Solomon River valley between Webster Reservoir and Waconda Lake in north-central Kansas. In the first two projections, pumpage for irrigation was held constant at 1978 rates throughout the projection period (1979-2020). In the second two projections, the 1978 pumpage was progressively increased each yr through 2020. In the second and fourth projections, surface water diversions in the Osborne Irrigation Canal were decreased by 50 %. For the third and fourth projections, each grid-block in the modeled area was classified initially as one of six types according to whether it represented irrigable or nonirrigable land, to its saturated thickness, to its location inside or outside the canal-river area, and to its pumping rate. The projected base-flow rates (leakage from the aquifer to the river) were lower during the irrigation season (June, July, and August) than during the other months of the yr because of the decline in hydraulic head produced by groundwater pumpage. Stream depletion, calculated as a decrease below the average (1970-78) estimated winter base-flow rate of 16.5 cu ft/sec, varied inversely with base flow. For the first two projections, a constant annual cycle of well pumpage and recharge was used throughout the projection period. Aquifer leakage to the river was nearly constant by the mid-to-late 1990's, implying that flow conditions had attained a stabilized annual cycle. The third and fourth projections never attained an annual stabilized cycle because the irrigation pumpage rate was increased each year. By the early 1980's, the hydraulic head had fallen below river stage, reversing the hydraulic gradient at the stream-aquifer interface and resulting in net leakage from the river to the aquifer during the summer months. By the early 1990 's, the projected potentiometric surface of the aquifer was lower than the river stage even during the winter and spring months. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri854216","usgsCitation":"Kume, J., Lindgren, R.J., and Stullken, L., 1985, Projected ground-water development, ground-water levels, and stream-aquifer leakage in the South Fork Solomon River Valley between Webster Reservoir and Waconda Lake, north-central Kansas, 1979-2020: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4216, Report: vi, 42 p.; Plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854216.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 42 p.; Plate","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57008,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4216/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57009,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kume, Jack","contributorId":100843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kume","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindgren, R. J.","contributorId":70808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stullken, L.E.","contributorId":59049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stullken","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27664,"text":"wri854044 - 1985 - Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri854044","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4044","title":"Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Louisiana","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of a study of the cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Louisiana. Data uses and funding sources were identified for the 68 continuous-record stream gages currently (1984) in operation with a budget of $408,700. Three stream gages have uses specific to a short-term study with no need for continued data collection beyond the study. The remaining 65 stations should be maintained in the program for the foreseeable future. In addition to the current operation of continuous-record stations, a number of wells, flood-profile gages, crest-stage gages, and stage stations, are serviced on the continuous-record station routes; thus, increasing the current budget to $423,000. The average standard error of estimate for data collected at the stations is 34.6%. Standard errors computed in this study are one measure of streamflow errors, and can be used as guidelines in comparing the effectiveness of alternative networks. By using the routes and number of measurements prescribed by the ' Traveling Hydrographer Program, ' the standard error could be reduced to 31.5% with the current budget of $423,000. If the gaging resources are redistributed, the 34.6% overall level of accuracy at the 68 continuous-record sites and the servicing of the additional wells or gages could be maintained with a budget of approximately $410,000. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854044","usgsCitation":"Herbert, R., and Carlson, D., 1985, Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4044, v, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854044.","productDescription":"v, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56517,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683330","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, R.A.","contributorId":59449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, D.D.","contributorId":10816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27665,"text":"wri844204 - 1985 - An evaluation of the crest-stage gage program in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri844204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4204","title":"An evaluation of the crest-stage gage program in Louisiana","docAbstract":"The crest-stage gage program in Louisiana was evaluated to determine if the data were adequate for use in developing regional flood-frequency equations and to determine if any crest-stage gages could be discontinued. An abundance of data at many crest-stage stations and a lack of data for urban area and flat-slope areas indicated a need for a shift in the number, type, and locations of gages. Extensive correlations and comparisons of annual peak flows and watershed characteristics of 96 sites resulted in a reduced network of 25 stations that could potentially be used as index sites. The adequacy of the reduced network for development and verification of regional flood-frequency equations was tested by comparing a set of regional flood-frequency equations developed using data from the full network with a set developed using data from the reduced network. The results indicate that the crest-stage gage network can be reduced to 25 stations and still provide adequate information for future flood-frequency analyses. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844204","usgsCitation":"Herbert, R., Carlson, D., and Wiche, G., 1985, An evaluation of the crest-stage gage program in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4204, v, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844204.","productDescription":"v, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56518,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, R.A.","contributorId":59449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, D.D.","contributorId":10816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiche, G.J.","contributorId":90715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28194,"text":"wri834241 - 1985 - Survey of Fena Reservoir, Island of Guam: Limnological reconnaissance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T19:33:49.068075","indexId":"wri834241","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4241","title":"Survey of Fena Reservoir, Island of Guam: Limnological reconnaissance","docAbstract":"<p>During the limnological reconnaissance of Fena Reservoir, samples of the water columns and bottom sediment were obtained and analyzed at five locations within the reservoir. Major ion analyses of filtered surface water indicated that calcium and bicarbonate are the dominant cation and anion in the reservoir. Thermal stratification was recorded at all five locations. Temperature data indicated a distinct hypolimnion at three of the sampling locations below a depth of 8 meters. Vertical profiles of pH exhibited changes with depth as did conductivity. Marked clinograde distributions of dissolved osygen were evident at all but the shallowest locations. Inverse clinograde distributions of total phosphorus, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite and dissolved ammonia were observed at the two deepest stations. Total organic carbon had no distinct profile and had an average concentration of 13.8 milligrams per liter. Data are also provided for nutrient analysis of the sediment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834241","usgsCitation":"LaBaugh, J.W., 1985, Survey of Fena Reservoir, Island of Guam: Limnological reconnaissance: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4241, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834241.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4241/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4241/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410641,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35878.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Fena Reservoir, Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              144.7556170106963,\n              13.402869576401343\n            ],\n            [\n              144.7556170106963,\n              13.2781588435151\n            ],\n            [\n              144.79727202845658,\n              13.2781588435151\n            ],\n            [\n              144.79727202845658,\n              13.402869576401343\n            ],\n            [\n              144.7556170106963,\n              13.402869576401343\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBaugh, J. W.","contributorId":23484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28200,"text":"wri844105 - 1985 - Preliminary study of the water-temperature regime of the North Santiam River downstream from Detroit and Big Cliff dams, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:02:19","indexId":"wri844105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4105","title":"Preliminary study of the water-temperature regime of the North Santiam River downstream from Detroit and Big Cliff dams, Oregon","docAbstract":"A riverine-temperature model and associated data-collection system were developed to help the Corps of engineers determine cost benefits of selective-withdrawal structures for future use with dams on the Willamette River System. A U.S. Geological Survey Lagrangian reference frame, digital computer model was used to simulate stream temperatures on the North Santiam River downstream of the multipurpose Detroit dam and a reregulating dam (Big Cliff), from river mile 45.6 to 2.9. In simulation, only available air-temperature and windspeed information from a nearby National Weather Service station at Salem, Oregon were used. This preliminary investigation found that the model predicted mean daily temperatures to within 0.4 C standard deviation. Analysis of projected selective-withdrawal scenarios showed that the model has the sensitivity to indicate water-temperature changes 42.7 miles downstream on the North Santiam River. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri844105","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., 1985, Preliminary study of the water-temperature regime of the North Santiam River downstream from Detroit and Big Cliff dams, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4105, vi, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844105.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57038,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4105/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db669faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28224,"text":"wri854150 - 1985 - Floodflow frequency of streams in the alluvial plain of the Lower Mississippi River in Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri854150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4150","title":"Floodflow frequency of streams in the alluvial plain of the Lower Mississippi River in Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-file Services Section, Western Distribution Branch [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri854150","usgsCitation":"Landers, M.N., 1985, Floodflow frequency of streams in the alluvial plain of the Lower Mississippi River in Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4150, iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854150.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4150/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57055,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4150/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e70a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landers, M. N.","contributorId":63428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27558,"text":"wri854243 - 1985 - Ground-water quality in east-central New Jersey, and a plan for sampling networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri854243","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4243","title":"Ground-water quality in east-central New Jersey, and a plan for sampling networks","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality was evaluated in seven confined aquifers and the water table aquifer in east-central New Jersey based on 237 analyses of samples collected in 1981-82, and 225 older analyses. Investigation of the effect of land use on water quality and several sampling network proposals for the region are reported. Generally, water in the confined aquifers is of satisfactory quality for human consumption and most other uses. Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentrations exceed U.S. EPA drinking water standards in some wells screened in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system. Sodium (Na) concentrations in samples from three wells more than 800 ft deep in the Englishtown aquifer exceed the standard. Iron and Mn concentrations in this aquifer may also exceed the standards. Iron concentrations in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer exceed the standard. Based on 15 analyses of water from the Vincetown aquifer, Mn is the only constituent that exceeds the drinking water standard. In the Manasquan aquifer, 4 of the 16 Na determinations exceed the standard, and 8 of 16 Fe determinations exceed the standard. Water quality in the Atlantic City 800-ft sand is generally satisfactory. However, 12 Fe and 1 of 12 Mn determinations exceed the standards. For the Rio Grande water-bearing zone, 1 of 3 Fe determinations exceed the standard. The Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system (the water table aquifer) was the most thoroughly sampled (249 chemical analyses from 209 wells). Dissolved solids, chloride, Fe, nitrate, and Mn concentrations exceed drinking water standards in some areas. The results of chi-square tests of constituent distributions based on analyses from 158 wells in the water table aquifer indicate that calcium is higher in industrial and commercial areas; and Mg, chloride, and nitrate-plus-nitrite is higher in residential areas. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854243","usgsCitation":"Harriman, D., and Sargent, B., 1985, Ground-water quality in east-central New Jersey, and a plan for sampling networks: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4243, vii, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854243.","productDescription":"vii, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4243/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56415,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4243/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56416,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4243/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harriman, D.A.","contributorId":27860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harriman","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargent, B. P.","contributorId":61827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"B. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28169,"text":"wri844302 - 1985 - Documentation of a numerical code for the simulation of variable density ground-water flow in three dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri844302","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4302","title":"Documentation of a numerical code for the simulation of variable density ground-water flow in three dimensions","docAbstract":"A numerical code is documented for the simulation of variable density time dependent groundwater flow in three dimensions. The groundwater density, although variable with distance, is assumed to be constant in time. The Integrated Finite Difference grid elements in the code follow the geologic strata in the modeled area. If appropriate, the determination of hydraulic head in confining beds can be deleted to decrease computation time. The strongly implicit procedure (SIP), successive over-relaxation (SOR), and eight different preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) methods are used to solve the approximating equations. The use of the computer program that performs the calculations in the numerical code is emphasized. Detailed instructions are given for using the computer program, including input data formats. An example simulation and the Fortran listing of the program are included. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844302","usgsCitation":"Kuiper, L., 1985, Documentation of a numerical code for the simulation of variable density ground-water flow in three dimensions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4302, 90 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844302.","productDescription":"90 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4302/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57003,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4302/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db63628c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuiper, L.K.","contributorId":34557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuiper","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27548,"text":"wri844132 - 1985 - Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging network in Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri844132","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4132","title":"Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging network in Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri844132","usgsCitation":"Harenberg, W., Moffatt, R.L., and Harper, R., 1985, Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging network in Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4132, vi, 109 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844132.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4132/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56403,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harenberg, W. A.","contributorId":78743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harenberg","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffatt, R. L.","contributorId":79889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffatt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, R.W.","contributorId":36104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28232,"text":"wri854155 - 1985 - A preliminary assessment of land-surface subsidence in the El Paso area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T12:49:42","indexId":"wri854155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4155","title":"A preliminary assessment of land-surface subsidence in the El Paso area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The northeast and southeast parts of the El Paso area are underlain by Hueco bolson deposits as much as 9,000 feet thick. The deposits consist of lenses of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. In the Rio Grande Valley, about 400 to 450 feet of these deposits have been eroded and replaced with as much as 200 feet of alluvium. Ground water in the shallow alluvial aquifer in the Rio Grande Valley and in the Hueco bolson aquifer outside the valley is under water-table conditions, whereas ground water in the bolson aquifer in the valley is under leaky artesian conditions. Maximum water-level declines in the Hueco bolson aquifer are 110 feet east of the Franklin Mountains and 150 feet in the downtown El Paso area. For the shallow aquifer, the maximum declines have been 125 feet in the downtown area. Compressable materials in the freshwater zone of the aquifer range from 50 to 450 feet.</p>\n<p>Recharge from the Rio Grande to the shallow alluvial aquifer has increased from an estimated 15,000 acre-feet during 1968 to 30,000 acre-feet during 1983, an increase of about 1,000 acre-feet per year. Leakage from the Rio Grande is expected to continually increase in the near future because of a continued decline in ground-water levels. The amount of leakages from the canals is much less than from the river.</p>\n<p>Releveling of bench marks along lines to the northeast and the southeast of the Rio Grande, and along its channel commonly show land subsidence of about 0.2 foot. The maximum measured subsidence is 0.41 foot along the river in the Chamizal zone. No subsidence was detected at the Riverside Diversion Dam. A comparison of subsidence, water-level declines, and clay thickness along the three survey lines shows the expected correlation of greater subsidence with thicker accumulated clay material for a given decline in water levels. The preconsolidation stress was expected to range from 85 to 115 feet of water-level decline on the basis of subsidence studies in Arizona and California. A study of specific-unit compaction along the three survey lines shows that the values usually range between 1.0 to 2.5 x 10-5 feet per feet squared. These values are comparable to the ones computed in the Tulare-Wasco, California, and Houston-Galveston, Texas, areas following the exceedance of the local preconsolidation stress. Because of this comparability, the specific-unit compaction for future periods in the El Paso area probably will not increase dramatically when the preconsolidation stress is exceeded, if it has not already been exceeded.</p>\n<p>In addition to regional subsidence, local subsidence is indicated by observable surface fractures but has not been verified by precise leveling. These local areas coincide with areas that historically were swamps along the Rio Grande.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Land, L.F., and Armstrong, C.A., 1985, A preliminary assessment of land-surface subsidence in the El Paso area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4155, vi, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854155.","productDescription":"vi, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57062,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4155/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"El Paso","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.32293701171874,\n              31.647536225797772\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.35314941406249,\n              31.701882151861714\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.37443542480469,\n              31.71122878128754\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.38198852539062,\n              31.73400724374667\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.45271301269531,\n              31.764369817056387\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.468505859375,\n              31.76145077153307\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.47468566894531,\n              31.750941445321764\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.48773193359375,\n              31.74918977495709\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.50421142578125,\n              31.756780107186728\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.51588439941406,\n              31.770791393089315\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.52961730957031,\n              31.783633207994736\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.53648376464844,\n              31.94633593313394\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.32980346679686,\n              31.94808386339691\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.32293701171874,\n              31.647536225797772\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6aaf25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, L. F.","contributorId":17253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, C. A.","contributorId":66231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27510,"text":"wri854103 - 1985 - Water resources of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T11:11:08","indexId":"wri854103","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4103","title":"Water resources of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore has abundant picturesque and useful water resources. These resources include 12 inland lakes that range in size from 6 to 765 acres, 10 small streams that flow to Lake Superior, 40 miles of Lake Superior lakeshore, and aquifers capable of yielding water to wells in most places.</p><p>The Jacobsville Sandstone, Munising Sandstone, and glacial deposits are the sources for domestic water supplies. The Jacobsville Sandstone is the principal source of water from Miners Castle to Au Sable Point, the Munising Sandstone is the source of water in the vicinity of Grand Sable Lake, and glacial deposits provide water for Park Headquarters at Sand Point. Specific capacities range from 0.1 to 1 (gal/min)/ft (gallons per minute per foot) of drawdown for the Jacobsville Sandstone and from 1 to 14 (gal/min)/ft for the glacial deposits. Specific capacity for the Munising Sandstone is about 1 (gal/min)/ft of drawdown.</p><p>Water from both surface- and ground-water sources generally is suitable for human consumption. Concentrations of dissolved solids range from 43 to 112 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in water from lakes, from 53 to 155 mg/L in water from streams, and from 68 to 313 mg/L in ground water. The amount of suspended-sediment particles in streams is generally less than 17 mg/L.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri854103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Handy, A., and Twenter, F.R., 1985, Water resources of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4103, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854103.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4103/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56356,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4103/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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A.H.","contributorId":104493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handy","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twenter, F. R.","contributorId":81080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenter","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27494,"text":"wri844299 - 1985 - Low-flow frequency analyses for streams in west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri844299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4299","title":"Low-flow frequency analyses for streams in west-central Florida","docAbstract":"The log-Pearson type III distribution was used for defining low-flow frequency at 116 continuous-record streamflow stations in west-central Florida. Frequency distributions were calculated for 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 183 consecutive-day periods for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 20 years. Discharge measurements at more than 100 low-flow partial-record stations and miscellaneous discharge-measurement stations were correlated with concurrent daily mean discharge at continuous-record stations. Estimates of the 7-day, 2-year; 7-day, 10-year; 30-day, 2-year; and 30-day, 10-year discharges were made for most of the low-flow partial-record and miscellaneous discharge-measurement stations based on those correlations. Multiple linear-regression analysis was used in an attempt to mathematically relate low-flow frequency data to basin characteristics. The resulting equations showed an apparent bias and were considered unsatisfactory for use in estimating low-flow characteristics. Maps of the 7-day, 10-year and 30-day, 10-year low flows are presented. Techniques that can be used to estimate low-flow characteristics at an ungaged site are also provided. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844299","usgsCitation":"Hammett, K., 1985, Low-flow frequency analyses for streams in west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4299, iv, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844299.","productDescription":"iv, 116 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4299/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56344,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4299/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56345,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4299/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56346,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4299/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammett, K.M.","contributorId":59006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammett","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27491,"text":"wri844152 - 1985 - An investigation of ground-water recharge by injection in the Palo Alto Baylands, California: Hydraulic and chemical interactions — Final report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-13T22:56:00.949694","indexId":"wri844152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4152","title":"An investigation of ground-water recharge by injection in the Palo Alto Baylands, California: Hydraulic and chemical interactions — Final report","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Santa Clara Valley Water District, has completed a study of ground-water recharge by injection in the Palo Alto baylands along San Francisco Bay, California. Selected wells within the Water District 's injection-extraction network were monitored to determine hydraulic and chemical interactions affecting well-field operation. The well field was installed to prevent and eliminate saline contamination in the local shallow aquifer system. The primary focus of this study is on factors that affect injection efficiency, specifically well and aquifer clogging. Mixing and break-through curves for major chemical constituents indicate ion exchange, adsorption, and dissolution reactions. Freshwater breakthrough was detected in water-level data, which reflected fluid-density change as well as head buildup. Dissolution of calcium carbonate caused by dilution of saline ground water probably accounts for an apparent increase in specific capacity possibly related to improved aquifer permeability. Adsorption evidently removed trace elements during passage of injected water through the aquifer. In terms of hydraulic and chemical compatibility, the well field is a viable system for ground-water recharge. Aquifer heterogeneity and operational constraints reduce the efficiency of the system. Efficiency may be maximized by careful attention to extraction distribution and quantity and to injection distribution, quantity, and water quality. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844152","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., 1985, An investigation of ground-water recharge by injection in the Palo Alto Baylands, California: Hydraulic and chemical interactions — Final report: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4152, vi, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844152.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394365,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36025.htm"},{"id":56341,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4152/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palo Alto Baylands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.1298599243164,\n              37.42852418375166\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09999084472658,\n              37.42852418375166\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09999084472658,\n              37.45823569268173\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1298599243164,\n              37.45823569268173\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1298599243164,\n              37.42852418375166\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68429c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, S. N.","contributorId":46560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27486,"text":"wri844131 - 1985 - Ground-water quality in the Santa Rita, Buellton, and Los Olivos hydrologic subareas of the Santa Ynez River basin, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri844131","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4131","title":"Ground-water quality in the Santa Rita, Buellton, and Los Olivos hydrologic subareas of the Santa Ynez River basin, Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the upper Santa Ynez River Valley in Santa Barbara County has degraded due to both natural and anthropogenic causes. The semiarid climate and uneven distribution of rainfall has limited freshwater recharge and caused salt buildup in water supplies. Tertiary rocks supply mineralized water. Agricultural activities (irrigation return flow containing fertilizers and pesticides, cultivation, feedlot waste disposal) are a primary cause of water quality degradation. Urban development, which also causes water quality degradation (introduced contaminants, wastewater disposal, septic system discharge, and land fill disposal of waste), has imposed stricter requirements on water supply quality. A well network was designed to monitor changes in groundwater quality related to anthropogenic activities. Information from this network may aid in efficient management of the groundwater basins as public water supplies, centered around three basic goals. First is to increase freshwater recharge to the basins by conjunctive surface/groundwater use and surface-spreading techniques. Second is to optimize groundwater discharge by efficient timing and spacing of pumping. Third is to control and reduce sources of groundwater contamination by regulating wastewater quality and distribution and, preferably, by exporting wastewaters from the basin. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844131","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., 1985, Ground-water quality in the Santa Rita, Buellton, and Los Olivos hydrologic subareas of the Santa Ynez River basin, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4131, v, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844131.","productDescription":"v, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4131/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56337,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66721c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, S. N.","contributorId":46560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27481,"text":"wri844030 - 1985 - Water resources of Aurora and Jerauld Counties, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:27","indexId":"wri844030","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4030","title":"Water resources of Aurora and Jerauld Counties, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Large quantities of slightly saline ground water are available for future water requirements in Aurora and Jerauld Counties, 1 ,236 square miles of glaciated, till-covered hills and plains in southeastern South Dakota. More than one million acre-feet of ground water is stored in five major glacial aquifers, outwash sand and gravel, beneath 340 square miles. About 58 million acre-feet is stored in bedrock, in the Niobrara marl aquifer, the Codell sandstone aquifer, and the Dakota sandstone aquifer. Recharge of aquifers by infiltration of precipitation totals 31 ,000 acre-feet annually. Effects of increased ground-water withdrawals generally have been small for glacial aquifers and large for some bedrock aquifers. Water levels declined 0.6 to 4 feet in glacial aquifers during 1978-80 within a mile of irrigation wells pumping 300 to 1,000 gallons per minute. In contrast, water levels declined 40 feet near a well pumping 1 ,500 gallons per minute from the Niobrara aquifer because of small artesian storage. Artesian pressure of the Dakota aquifer declined about 200 feet between 1909 and 1979 because of large withdrawals through flowing wells. The availability of surface water is limited because streams are ephemeral and have large flows only during spring of wet years. Most of the lakes are small, semipermanent, and shallow. Most surface water in the study area contains low concentrations of dissolved solids but most of the ground water is very hard and slightly saline. Some ground water has a very high-salinity hazard for irrigation. Water from the Niobrara and Codell aquifers also has a high sodium hazard and high boron concentrations. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844030","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, L., 1985, Water resources of Aurora and Jerauld Counties, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4030, vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844030.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4030/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56332,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f089c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, L.J.","contributorId":102917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27937,"text":"wri854263 - 1985 - Transit losses and traveltimes for water-supply releases from Marion Lake during drought conditions, Cottonwood River, east-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T21:28:07.938796","indexId":"wri854263","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4263","title":"Transit losses and traveltimes for water-supply releases from Marion Lake during drought conditions, Cottonwood River, east-central Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>A streamflow routing model was used to calculate the transit losses and traveltimes. Channel and aquifer characteristics, and the model control parameters, were estimated from available data and then verified to the extent possible by comparing model simulated streamflow to observed streamflow at streamflow gaging stations. Transit losses and traveltimes for varying reservoir release rates and durations then were simulated for two different antecedent streamflow (drought) conditions. For the severe-drought antecedent-streamflow condition, it was assumed that only the downstream water use requirement would be released from the reservoir. For a less severe drought (LSD) antecedent streamflow condition, it was assumed than any releases from Marion Lake for water supply use downstream, would be in addition to a nominal dry weather release of 5 cu ft/sec. Water supply release rates of 10 and 25 cu ft/sec for the severe drought condition and 5, 10, and 25 cu ft/sec for the less severe drought condition were simulated for periods of 28 and 183 days commencing on July 1. Transit losses for the severe drought condition for all reservoir release rates and durations ranged from 12% to 78% of the maximum downstream flow rate and from 27% to 91% of the total volume of reservoir storage released. For the LSD condition, transit losses ranged from 7% to 29% of the maximum downstream flow rate and from 10% to 48% of the total volume of release. The 183-day releases had larger total transit losses, but losses on a percentage basis were less than the losses for the 28-day release period for both antecedent streamflow conditions. Traveltimes to full response (80% of the maximum downstream flow rate), however, showed considerable variation. For the release of 5 cu ft/sec during LSD conditions, base flow exceeded 80% of the maximum flow rate near the confluence; the traveltime to full response was undefined for those simulations. For the releases of 10 and 25 cu ft/sec during the same drought condition, traveltimes to full response ranged from 4.4 to 6.5 days. For releases of 10 and 25 cu ft/sec during severe drought conditions, traveltimes to full response near the confluence with the Neosho River ranged from 8.3 to 93 days.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854263","usgsCitation":"Jordan, P.R., and Hart, R.J., 1985, Transit losses and traveltimes for water-supply releases from Marion Lake during drought conditions, Cottonwood River, east-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4263, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854263.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394144,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36405.htm"},{"id":56751,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4263/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4263/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood River, Marion Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.083,\n              38.221\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.017,\n              38.221\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.017,\n              38.433\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.083,\n              38.433\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.083,\n              38.221\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, P. R.","contributorId":7282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27436,"text":"wri834274 - 1985 - Reconnaissance of mine drainage in the coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T10:11:05","indexId":"wri834274","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4274","title":"Reconnaissance of mine drainage in the coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Anthracite has been extensively mined in four areas of eastern Pennsylvania. Almost all underground mining in the four areas, the Northern, Eastern Middle, Western Middle, and Southern Fields, has been discontinued and many mines are abandoned and flooded. Precipitation on much of the 408 square miles of coal fields infiltrates to the underground mine complexes, and is discharged as mine drainage from tunnels, mine entrances, and boreholes. \r\n\r\n    Mine drainage was measured and sampled at 251 sites that had a total discharge of 918 cubic feet per second, a total sulfate load of 1,470 tons per day, and a total iron discharge of 79 tons per day. The largest sulfate yield was 5.4 tons per day per square mile from the Western Middle Field. The yields from the Northern, Eastern Middle, and Southern Fields were 4.6, 3.6, and 1.4 tons per day per square mile, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834274","usgsCitation":"Growitz, D., Reed, L., and Beard, M., 1985, Reconnaissance of mine drainage in the coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4274, vi, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834274.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56299,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4274/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4274/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b0ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Growitz, D.J.","contributorId":60273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Growitz","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, L.A.","contributorId":14454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beard, M.M.","contributorId":8897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27432,"text":"wri854182 - 1985 - Simulated effects of projected pumping on the availability of freshwater in the Evangeline Aquifer in an area southwest of Corpus Christi, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T14:55:58","indexId":"wri854182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4182","title":"Simulated effects of projected pumping on the availability of freshwater in the Evangeline Aquifer in an area southwest of Corpus Christi, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>This study is an investigation of the continued availability of freshwater in the Evangeline aquifer along the Texas Gulf Coast and the potential for degradation of the water quality by salinewater intrusion. Recharge to the aquifer occurs by the infiltration of precipitation in the outcrop area and by cross-formational flow from deeper aquifers. The predevelopment recharge rate is about 6 to 8 cubic feet per second. The predevelopment flow is toward the coast. The flow is semiconfined in the outcrop area and confined underneath the Chicot aquifer in the eastern two-thirds of the study area. Discharge, under natural conditions, is upward into the Chicot aquifer and to the Nueces River or Gulf of Mexico. Intensive pumping by irrigators, industries, and municipalities over the last 80 years has created a cone of depression as deep as 219 feet below sea level under the city of Kingsville in Kleberg County. The total rate of pumpage in 1982 was 29.6 cubic feet per second.</p>\n<p>A mathematical model of the flow and water quality in the Evangel ine aquifer was developed using available data to simulate the historical effect of pumping on the potentiometric surface and water quality, and to simulate the effect of projected pumping on the potentiometric surface and water quality to the year 2020. The water quality in the aquifer is only marginally suitable for drinking water. The chloride concentration before development in the 1930's and 1940's, ranged from 9 to 1,971 milligrams per liter. The mean chloride concentration was 353 (standard deviation 262) milligrams per liter. The potential sources of water-quality degradation on a regional scale are: Salinewater intrusion from under the Gulf of Mexico; movement of poor quality water within outlying sections of the aquifer; and downward leakage from the overlying Chicot aquifer. Leakage from the Chicot is the most likely to cause serious regional water-quality degradation. Other local potential sources of contamination are: Leaky well casings, oil-field brine disposal, water movement along faults, and in-situ uranium mining. These sources might create some local water-quality degradation. The results of the historical period simulation indicate, as do current field data, that little or no significant deterioration has occurred in the water quality of the Evangeline aquifer.</p>\n<p>The simulations and the sensitivity tests of the aquifer properties, conditions, and assumptions indicate that vertical conductivity of the Chicot aquifer is the most sensitive and least well known part of the system. The storage coefficient of the Evangeline aquifer and the aggregate thickness of high-conductivity sand layers within the aquifer as well as the vertical distribution of these layers are also important properties that are not well known.</p>\n<p>Two simulations of the projected pumping a low estimate, as much as 46.2 cubic feet per second during 2011-20; and a high estimate, as much as 60.0 cubic feet per second during the same period indicate that no further regional water-quality deterioration is likely to occur. Many important properties and conditions are estimated from poor or insufficient field data, and possible ranges of these properties and conditions are tested. In spite of the errors and data deficiencies, the results are based on the best estimates currently available. The reliability of the conclusions rests on the adequacy of the data and the demonstrated sensitivity of the model results to errors in estimates of these properties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854182","usgsCitation":"Groschen, G.E., 1985, Simulated effects of projected pumping on the availability of freshwater in the Evangeline Aquifer in an area southwest of Corpus Christi, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4182, Report: vi, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 14.88 x 11.13 inches and 23.72 x 13.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854182.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 14.88 x 11.13 inches and 23.72 x 13.99 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56293,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56294,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56295,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Corpus Christi","otherGeospatial":"Evangeline Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.41278076171875,\n              26.917171977972313\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.41278076171875,\n              27.928900753321876\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.19879150390625,\n              27.928900753321876\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.20428466796875,\n              26.909824671240692\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.41278076171875,\n              26.917171977972313\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f35b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groschen, George E.","contributorId":99132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28269,"text":"wri844172 - 1985 - Water quality of the North Platte River, east-central Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri844172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4172","title":"Water quality of the North Platte River, east-central Wyoming","docAbstract":"This report is a statistical summary of 40 different constituents and physical characteristics that describe the water quality of the North Platter River between Alcova Dam and Orin, Wyoming, a distance of 143 river miles. Data from seven stations are summarized for 1970-79. Water entering the North Platte River upstream from Casper generally is more mineralized and degraded than the water in the North Platte River or in the tributaries entering the river downstream from Casper. The average dissolved solids concentration was about 320 mg/L at the upper sampling station and about 430 mg/L just downstream from Casper. This increase is typical of many other constituents. The mean fecal-coliform concentration at the upper station was about 8 colonies/ml and about 4,000 colonies/100 ml at the station downstream from Casper. Concentrations of some constituents periodically were greater than maximum recommended for drinking water supplies. About 24% of the dissolved solids concentrations were more than 500 mg/L. Some selenium concentrations exceeded the limit of 10 micrograms/L mandated for public water supplies. Large concentrations of copper, zinc, and ammonia indicate that these constituents might be a problem for sensitive aquatic life. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844172","usgsCitation":"Larson, L.R., 1985, Water quality of the North Platte River, east-central Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4172, vii, 85 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844172.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57091,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9878","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, L. R.","contributorId":41421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27712,"text":"wri854300 - 1985 - Quality of water and bed material in streams of Logan Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri854300","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4300","title":"Quality of water and bed material in streams of Logan Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, 1984","docAbstract":"The surface water and surficial-bed material at seven stations on three streams in Logan Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, were sampled in the fall of 1984. Samples of water were analyzed for volatile organic compounds, trace metals, and organochlorine and organophosphorous compounds. Surficial-bed material was analyzed for extractable trace metals and organochlorine compounds. Water samples from two closely spaced sampling locations along Raccoon Creek contained elevated concentrations of methylene chloride (455 and 1800 micrograms/L, respectively), a volatile organic solvent. Bed-material samples taken from Little Timber and Birch Creeks contained elevated levels of trace metals and organochlorine compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). Contaminant concentrations in bed-material samples taken from Raccoon Creek were much lower than those found previously by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1980. Only a trace of PCB 's was detected in any bed material sample taken from Racoon Creek. Gas chromatographic flame-ionization detector scans, performed on solvent extracts of all water and sediment samples, were useful in characterizing the presence or absence of organic contaminants in those samples. Changes in the character of organic contamination along the reaches of two streams were apparent when the fingerprints of chromatograms representing upstream sites were compared to those representing downstream sites. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854300","usgsCitation":"Hochreiter, J., and Kozinski, J., 1985, Quality of water and bed material in streams of Logan Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4300, iv, 39 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854300.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4300/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56557,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4300/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9fe4b07f02db66169b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hochreiter, J. J.","contributorId":24351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hochreiter","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kozinski, Jane","contributorId":59836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozinski","given":"Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28038,"text":"wri854086 - 1985 - Estimation of natural streamflow characteristics in western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri854086","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4086","title":"Estimation of natural streamflow characteristics in western Colorado","docAbstract":"Regression relations were determined for estimating mean annual discharge, mean monthly discharge, minimum and maximum 7-day discharge, flow duration series, and peak discharge for natural streams in western Colorado. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the best predictive relations for each of the streamflow characteristic; separate relations were developed for each of four hydrologically distinct regions in the study area. The standard errors associated with the regression relations generally were less than 100 percent, except for the low-flow relations which had standard errors ranging from 62 to greater than 200 percent. Basin drainage area, mean annual precipitation , mean basin elevation, and mean basin slope are used in the regression relations to estimate the flow characteristics of streams in the study area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nOpen-File Services Section, Western Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri854086","usgsCitation":"Kircher, J.E., Choquette, A., and Richter, B.D., 1985, Estimation of natural streamflow characteristics in western Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4086, v, 28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854086.","productDescription":"v, 28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56875,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4086/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56876,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb279","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kircher, J. E.","contributorId":11207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kircher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Choquette, Anne F.","contributorId":98323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choquette","given":"Anne F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, B. D.","contributorId":48518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27397,"text":"wri854056 - 1985 - Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T14:31:14","indexId":"wri854056","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4056","title":"Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>The city of Battle Creek has 30 wells in the Verona well field capable of yielding 300 to 1,000 gallons per minute each. During summer, total withdrawals are as little as 6,000 gallons per minute. In early 1984, only 9 to 12 of the wells were being used; the remaining wells were contaminated by volatile hydrocarbons.</p><p>Ground water at and near Verona well field generally flows toward Battle Creek River except where directions are altered by pumping. &nbsp;During summer, especially during periods when withdrawals are as much as 12,000 gallons per minute, a large cone of depression develops and water is drawn to the well field from several thousand feet away. &nbsp;During winter, when withdrawals are as little as 6,000 gallons per minute, the cone is smaller.</p><p>Ground-water flow is in three aquifers--a sand and gravel aquifer in deposits of Pleistocene age that overlies upper and lower sandstone aquifers of the Marshall Formation of Mississippian age. Model-simulated data that best matched measured data indicate horizontal hydraulic conductivities ranging from 15 to 110 feet per day for the sand and gravel aquifer, 150 feet per day for the upper sandstone aquifer, and 550 feet per day for the lower sandstone aquifer. &nbsp;Recharge was simulated at rates ranging from 8 to 13 inches per year.</p><p>Model simulations to evaluate the feasibility of installing new supply wells immediately north of the present field indicate that pumping 3,750 gallons per minute from new wells at the site would produce about 7 feet of drawdown in the lower sandstone aquifer in the vicinity of the new wells. Because the new wells tap only the lower sandstone aquifer, the pumping would have little effect on the potentiometric surfaces for the two overlying aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri854056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Battle Creek, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Grannemann, N., and Twenter, F.R., 1985, Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4056, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854056.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri854056.jpg"},{"id":318880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Battle Creek","otherGeospatial":"Verona Well Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.374755859375,\n              42.19291648699529\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.374755859375,\n              42.386951440524854\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.990234375,\n              42.386951440524854\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.990234375,\n              42.19291648699529\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.374755859375,\n              42.19291648699529\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db691691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grannemann, N.G.","contributorId":11221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twenter, F. R.","contributorId":81080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenter","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27392,"text":"wri844214 - 1985 - Test well installation and water quality, Hollywood Dump area, Memphis, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri844214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4214","title":"Test well installation and water quality, Hollywood Dump area, Memphis, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The Hollywood Dump in north Memphis, Tennessee is known to contain hazardous wastes. Monitor wells were installed and sampled to determine if contaminants have entered the underlying Wolf River alluvium and concentrated near the base of this unconfined aquifer. Four water-quality samples were collected from each of nine monitor wells screened in the Wolf River alluvium at the Hollywood Dump between June 1982 and June 1983. Also sampled during this period was one well screened in the fluvial (terrace) deposits, about one-half mile upgradient from the dump, and three nearby wells screened in the Memphis Sand artesian aquifer. Low levels of several organic compounds, including heptachlor, chlordane and chlordene, were detected in water from the Wolf River alluvium. High concentrations of barium and arsenic were also detected. Water from the Memphis Sand showed no traces of synthetic organic compounds. Other constituents and properties were found to be at levels that are normal for that aquifer. Five of the Wolf River alluvium wells sampled were newly installed. Geophysical logs made in these wells, supplemented by drillers logs and split spoon samples, show that clay underlies the alluvial aquifer at the well locations. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844214","usgsCitation":"Graham, D., 1985, Test well installation and water quality, Hollywood Dump area, Memphis, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4214, iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844214.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4214/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56254,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4214/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, D. D.","contributorId":68314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27360,"text":"wri844095 - 1985 - A description of aquifer units in eastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:01:47","indexId":"wri844095","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4095","title":"A description of aquifer units in eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"Geologic formations in Oregon, east of the crest of the Cascade Range, have been grouped according to similarities in their hydrogeologic and geologic properties into six major aquifer units. Two of the units, the Mesozoic-Paleozoic and the John Day-Clarno aquifers, are low-permeability aquifers, have hydraulic conductivities generally less than 1 ft/d (feet per day), and are generally capable of yielding only a few gallons per minute to wells. These are important aquifer units, nevertheless, because they are the only economical source of domestic water present in east-central Oregon where they outcrop. Four of the aquifer units contain beds or zones of high permeability materials with hydraulic conductivities that commonly range between 5 and 50 ft/d. In many localities where these units are present, they are capable of yielding 200 gallons/min or more to wells. These productive aquifer units are the Columbia River Basalt, the Cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary , Cenozoic sedimentary, and the Quaternary sediment aquifers, respectively. North of the Blue Mountains, the Columbia River Basalt aquifer is a major aquifer of regional extent and, in that area, heavy withdrawals, chiefly for irrigation, have resulted in regional groundwater level declines. South of the Blue Mountains, the basalt underlies rugged terrane, is not developed, and little is known about its hydraulic properties. Other major aquifer units are heavily developed in localized areas or in basins throughout eastern Oregon. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Services Section, Western Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri844095","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, J.B., 1985, A description of aquifer units in eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4095, vii, 39 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844095.","productDescription":"vii, 39 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56219,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4095/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56220,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4095/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56221,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4095/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56222,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4095/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56223,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4095/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af03f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonthier, J. B.","contributorId":63805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonthier","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27356,"text":"wri844268 - 1985 - Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri844268","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4268","title":"Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, digital, cross-sectional model was used to simulate seepage of water from an alluvial channel, which had the general characteristic of the Rio Grande channel, into the underlying alluvium within the reach from Cochiti Dam to Elephant Butte Reservoir. Seepage rates were determined for losing and gaining reaches, and reaches affected by pumping of ground water. The seepage rates were computed for stream surcharges (height of additional water applied on top of base flow) ranging from 0.5 foot to 3 feet and for application periods ranging from 1 to 100 days. The net seepage rates, which were nearly identical for each type of reach, ranged from 0.0 cubic foot per second per mile of channel length for a 0.5 foot surcharge applied for 1 day to 0.37 cubic foot per second per mile of channel length for a 3 feet surcharge applied for 100 days, followed by a 180 day seepage return flow from the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844268","usgsCitation":"Gold, R., 1985, Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4268, v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844268.","productDescription":"v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4268/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56216,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4268/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae106","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gold, R.L.","contributorId":97918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}