{"pageNumber":"4505","pageRowStart":"112600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165969,"records":[{"id":28285,"text":"wri854277 - 1985 - Management of ground water and evolving hydrogeologic studies in New Jersey : a heavily urbanized and industrialized state in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T10:13:28","indexId":"wri854277","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4277","title":"Management of ground water and evolving hydrogeologic studies in New Jersey : a heavily urbanized and industrialized state in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>New Jersey is the most densely populated and one of the most industrialized states in the United States. An abundance of freshwater and proximity to major northeastern metropolitan centers has facilitated this development. Pumpage of freshwater from all aquifers in the State in 1980 was 730 million gallons per day (2.76 million cubic meters per day).</p><p>Management and efficient development of the ground-water resources of the State are the responsibility of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Laws have been enacted and updated by the State legislature to manage water allocation and to control the disposal of hazardous wastes. Present resource management is guided by the New Jersey Water-Supply Master Plan of 1981. Funding for management activities is partially derived from the sale of state-approved bonds.</p><p>Effective planning and regional management require accurate and up-to-date hydrologic information and analyses. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Geological Survey, is conducting three intensive ground-water studies involving the collection and interpretation of hydrologic data to meet the urgent water-management needs of New Jersey. These studies are part of a long-term cooperative program and are funded through the Water-Supply Bond Act of 1981. They began in 1983 and are scheduled to be completed in 1988.</p><p>The project areas are situated in the New Jersey part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in and near Atlantic City, Camden, and South River. They range in size from 400 to 1,200 mil (1,040 to 3,120 km2). The studies are designed to define the geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of the local ground-water systems. The results of these studies will enable the State to address more effectively major problems in these areas such as declining water levels, overpumping, saltwater intrusion, and ground-water contamination resulting from the improper disposal of hazardous wastes.</p><p>Specific objectives of these studies by the U.S. Geological Survey are to (1) develop an accurate and up-to-date hydrogeologic data base, (2) design and implement a data-collection program and establish a computerized information&nbsp;management system, (3) refine the conceptualization of the ground-water flow system, and (4) define the geochemistry of the aquifer system by conducting a water-quality appraisal. The objectives are accomplished by standard hydrogeologic methods. Information concerning hydrogeologic framework, ground-water levels, water use, hydraulic characteristics, and water quality in the study areas is compiled from all available sources. Additional data needed are collected through well inventories, surface geophysical surveys, water-quality samplings, water-level measurements, and a well-drilling program.</p><p>Interpretation of the flow system is based on the use of standard analytical techniques and digital flow modeling. Calibrated flow models will provide ground-water managers with a mechanism to develop and test regional water-supply strategies.</p><p>Definition of the geochemistry of the aquifer system is accomplished through a variety of methods which depend on the problems and available data in the particular study area. The approach includes statistical analysis of water-quality data, reaction-path modeling, and determination of the movement of chemical constituents using analytical and numerical modeling techniques.</p><p>A combined staff of 25 to 30 professionals and technicians from the New Jersey District office of the U.S. Geological Survey is committed to the three studies. The staff has specialists in geohydrology, numerical modeling, geochemistry, geophysics, and computer science. The findings of these studies will be published in data reports, interpretive reports, instructional manuals and journal articles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854277","usgsCitation":"Leahy, P.P., 1985, Management of ground water and evolving hydrogeologic studies in New Jersey : a heavily urbanized and industrialized state in the northeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4277, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854277.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359414,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4277/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4277/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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,{"id":26511,"text":"wri854003 - 1985 - Transit losses and traveltimes for reservoir releases during drought conditions along the Neosho River from Council Grove Lake to Iola, east-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-02T21:23:29.205216","indexId":"wri854003","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4003","title":"Transit losses and traveltimes for reservoir releases during drought conditions along the Neosho River from Council Grove Lake to Iola, east-central Kansas","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the transit losses and water-wave traveltimes in the Neosho River for varying reservoir-release volumes and durations is necessary for proper management of water supply. Two reaches were studied along the Neosho River in east-central Kansas. The upper reach is from Council Grove Lake to John Redmond Reservoir, a distance of 83.0 river miles. The lower reach is from John Redmond Reservoir to Iola, Kansas, a distance of 56.3 river miles. Channel and aquifer characteristics were estimated from available data and used in a streamflow routing model. These estimated characteristics were verified using the model by comparing simulated reservoir releases to observed reservoir releases. The verified model then was used to simulate transit losses (or gains) and traveltimes for selected reservoir release volumes and durations from Council Grove Lake to Iola. Transit losses and traveltimes were investigated for the selected reservoir releases while under a severe drought antecedent streamflow condition (zero base flow) and a less severe drought antecedent streamflow condition (2% drought base flows). The largest total transit loss from Council Grove Lake to Iola occurred during the severe drought antecedent streamflow condition, small reservoir release rates, and long reservoir release durations. The total transit loss included water that was temporarily lost to bank storage. For a severe drought condition, transit losses ranged from 1,100 acre-ft for a release volume of 1,840 acre-ft for a duration of 50 days to 6 ,280 acre-ft for a release volume of 6,280 acre-ft for a duration of 365 days. For a less severe drought condition, transit losses ranged from 860 acre-ft to 3,234 acre-ft for the same release volumes and durations as for the severe drought condition. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854003","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., and Hart, R.J., 1985, Transit losses and traveltimes for reservoir releases during drought conditions along the Neosho River from Council Grove Lake to Iola, east-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4003, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854003.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391291,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36202.htm"},{"id":55381,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Iola","otherGeospatial":"Council Grove Lake, Neosho River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.5,\n              37.829\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.383,\n              37.829\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.383,\n              38.705\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5,\n              38.705\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5,\n              37.829\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0b38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, W. J.","contributorId":71213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28155,"text":"wri854288_1985 - 1985 - Hydrogeology of the southwestern part of the Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri854288_1985","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4288","title":"Hydrogeology of the southwestern part of the Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York","docAbstract":"The groundwater resources of the southwestern part of the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, NY were investigated in 1984. The area studied encompasses 85 sq mi, or 68% of the town 's 125-sq mi area. The groundwater reservoir underlying the area consists of unconsolidated gravel, sand, silt, and clay of Holocene, Pleistocene, and Late Cretaceous age that have been divided into eight geologic units. The maximum total thickness of the unconsolidated deposits is about 1,500 ft. Precipitation is the sole source of groundwater recharge in the area. The average annual precipitation, as recorded at Valley Stream during 1927-83, was 42.62 in. The water table altitude in the 1980 's has recovered and equalled or exceeded that before the regional drought of 1962-66. The potentiometric surfaces in the Magothy and Lloyd aquifers are still somewhat below those before the drought but are recovering throughout most of the area. The report presents 10 maps showing the surface altitude of the geologic units as well as the potentiometric altitudes of the three major aquifers. Also included are six geologic sections, four hydrographs, and several graphs presenting the data that was collected. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854288_1985","usgsCitation":"Krulikas, R., 1985, Hydrogeology of the southwestern part of the Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4288, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854288_1985.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_85_4288.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614b49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krulikas, R.K.","contributorId":81102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krulikas","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27739,"text":"wri854293 - 1985 - Cost effectiveness of stream-gaging program in Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:44:09","indexId":"wri854293","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4293","title":"Cost effectiveness of stream-gaging program in Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents the results of a study of the cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Michigan. Data uses and funding sources were identified for the 129 continuous gaging stations being operated in Michigan as of 1984. One gaging station was identified as having insufficient reason to continue its operation. Several stations were identified for reactivation, should funds become available, because of insufficiencies in the data network. </p><p>Alternative methods of developing streamflow information based on routing and regression analyses were investigated for 10 stations. However, no station records were reproduced with sufficient accuracy to replace conventional gaging practices. A cost-effectiveness analysis of the data-collection procedure for the ice-free season was conducted using a Kalman-filter analysis. To define missing-record characteristics, cross-correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation were computed at stations on the basis of daily mean discharge. Discharge-measurement data were used to describe the gage/discharge rating stability at each station. </p><p>The results of the cost-effectiveness analysis for a 9-month ice-free season show that the current policy of visiting most stations on a fixed servicing schedule once every 6 weeks results in an average standard error of 12.1 percent for the current $718,100 budget. By adopting a flexible servicing schedule, the average standard error could be reduced to 11.1 percent. Alternatively, the budget could be reduced to $700,200 while maintaining the current level of accuracy. A minimum budget of $680,200 is needed to operate the 129-gaging-station program; a budget less than this would not permit proper service and maintenance of stations. At the minimum budget, the average standard error would be 14.4 percent. A budget of $789,900 (the maximum analyzed) would result in a decrease in the average standard error to 9.07 percent. </p><p>Owing to continual changes in the composition of the network and the changes in the uncertainties of streamflow accuracy at individual stations, the cost-effectiveness analysis will need to be updated regularly if it is to be used as a management tool. Cost of these updates need to be considered in decisions concerning the feasibility of flexible servicing schedules. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri854293","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., 1985, Cost effectiveness of stream-gaging program in Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4293, v, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854293.","productDescription":"v, 72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56585,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4293/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4293/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28305,"text":"wri854069 - 1985 - Geochemical survey to determine water-quality characteristics of the Big Sioux Aquifer in eastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri854069","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4069","title":"Geochemical survey to determine water-quality characteristics of the Big Sioux Aquifer in eastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"A geochemical survey of the Big Sioux aquifer, South Dakota was under taken to: (1) Estimate the quality of the water in the aquifer, (2) determine if there are any water-quality problems in the aquifer, and (3) design a water-quality monitoring network to monitor changes in present and potential water-quality problems. For most agricultural uses, the water in the Big Sioux aquifer is of acceptable quality. However, in some locations, the ground water is either marginally acceptable or unfit for human use. The major water-quality problem is the high nitrate concentrations (geometric mean of 4 and up to 120 milligrams per liter as N) found in many domestic water supplies. The fact that samples taken from observation wells located by rooads away from houses and barnyards show lower concentrations of nitrate (geometric means of 0.4 and up to 22 milligrams per liter as N) indicates that the source of nitrate pollution is probably localized and due to barnyard wastes. A monitoring network is proposed consisting of at least: (1) Three wells adjacent to domestic wells, (2) three wells about 1,000 feet away and down the potentiometric gradient from domestic wells, and (3) three wells at least 3,000 feet from any source of pollution. This monitoring network would provide information on changes in both localized nitrate pollution and other selected water-quality parameters. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854069","usgsCitation":"Leibbrand, N., 1985, Geochemical survey to determine water-quality characteristics of the Big Sioux Aquifer in eastern South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4069, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854069.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57117,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leibbrand, N.F.","contributorId":27870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leibbrand","given":"N.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27285,"text":"wri844346 - 1985 - Water-level maps of the alluvial aquifer, Northwestern Mississippi, September 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri844346","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4346","title":"Water-level maps of the alluvial aquifer, Northwestern Mississippi, September 1983","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Services Section, Western Distribution Branch,","doi":"10.3133/wri844346","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., 1985, Water-level maps of the alluvial aquifer, Northwestern Mississippi, September 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4346, 3 maps on 1 sheet :col. ;33 x 21 cm., and smaller, on sheet 96 x 61 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844346.","productDescription":"3 maps on 1 sheet :col. ;33 x 21 cm., and smaller, on sheet 96 x 61 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":56162,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4346/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56163,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4346/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e740f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27273,"text":"wri854027 - 1985 - Water resources of the Cottonwood Wash Watershed, Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri854027","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4027","title":"Water resources of the Cottonwood Wash Watershed, Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Cottonwood Wash, near Towaoc, Colorado, is a 16-square-mile watershed with an estimated average annual precipitation influx of 14,600 acre-feet. Most of this water is consumed by evapotranspiration. Except for snowmelt in the spring months and infrequent rain storms, all flow in the wash is from springs issuing from talus, block rubble, alluvium, colluvium, and Mancos Shale. Flow is greatest during the spring months when the ground is saturated from snowmelt and least during the early fall when many springs cease flowing. Most of the water in the wash upstream from Towaoc is diverted to Cottonwood Reservoir. Springs in the wash downstream from Towaoc are distributary. Most of the water from these springs, however, seeps back into the alluvium. One of these springs supplies about 19 acre-feet of water per year to Towaoc. The cumulative flow from 17 springs and diffuse seepage was about 290 acre-feet in the 1982 water year. The quantity of recoverable water in the younger of two pediment deposits is about 2,000 to 4,000 acre-feet, depending on seasonal and yearly variations in precipitation. Estimated underflow from the wash in the 1982 water year was 740 acre-feet; estimated recharge to bedrock was 850 acre-feet. Water from block rubble and talus is suitable for most purposes; water from Mancos Shale and alluvium may contain concentrations of dissolved solids that are unacceptable for domestic use. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854027","usgsCitation":"Geldon, A., 1985, Water resources of the Cottonwood Wash Watershed, Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4027, iv, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854027.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4027/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56155,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4027/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geldon, A. L.","contributorId":46988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geldon","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27260,"text":"wri844315 - 1985 - Estimated water and nutrient inflows and outflows Lake Cochituate, eastern Massachusetts, 1977-79","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-16T20:37:17.448552","indexId":"wri844315","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4315","title":"Estimated water and nutrient inflows and outflows Lake Cochituate, eastern Massachusetts, 1977-79","docAbstract":"<p>Streamflow was the major source of water and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) to Lake Cochituate, followed by ground water, and then precipitation during April 1978 through March 1979. Compared to all sources during that period, streams contributed 7,217 million gallons (a little over 82 percent) of water, 63 ,000 pounds (between 50 and 60 percent) of nitrogen, and 3,000 pounds (94 percent) of phosphorus. A little over 60 percent of all the water that entered Lake Cochituate flowed from Fisk Pond. This single source transported about 38,000 pounds of nitrogen and 2,000 pounds of phosphorus. Ground-water inflow to Lake Cochituate occurs along its shoreline except at the north end of Lake Cochituate 's North Pond where natural seepage from the lake is occurring and at locations on the lake 's Middle and South Ponds where municipal wells induce infiltration of lake water amounting to 1,228 million gallons for that period. Discharge of ground water to the lake was estimated to range from 462 to 816 million gallons and transported from 31,000 to 55,000 pounds of nitrogen and from 46 to 82 pounds of phosphorus. Bulk precipitation was estimated to contribute about the same volume of water to the lake as ground water but double its phosphorus load. However, the load of nitrogen, 8000 pounds, from bulk precipitation was the smallest of any source.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri844315","usgsCitation":"Gay, F.B., 1985, Estimated water and nutrient inflows and outflows Lake Cochituate, eastern Massachusetts, 1977-79: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4315, Report: vi, 59 p.; 2 Plates: 21.50 × 29.50 inches and 17.00 × 18.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844315.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 59 p.; 2 Plates: 21.50 × 29.50 inches and 17.00 × 18.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4315/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56133,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4315/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56134,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4315/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56135,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4315/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396033,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36156.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Lake Cochituate","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.458,\n              42.233\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.328,\n              42.233\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.328,\n              42.35\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.458,\n              42.35\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.458,\n              42.233\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gay, F. B.","contributorId":55002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27755,"text":"wri854024 - 1985 - Geohydrologic reconnaissance of the Avoca lignite deposit area near Williston, northwestern North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:10:05","indexId":"wri854024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4024","title":"Geohydrologic reconnaissance of the Avoca lignite deposit area near Williston, northwestern North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The Avoca lignite deposit in the Sentinel Butte Member of the Fort Union Formation consists of four potentially strippable lignite beds. Average bed thicknesses, in descending order, are 5, 5, 9, and 8 .feet. In the area between Stony Creek and Crazy Man Coulee, the lignite beds are unsaturated, and between Stony Creek and Little Muddy River, only the two lowest beds are saturated. Natural discharge to outcrops in the stream valleys results in low potentiometric levels in the lignite beds.</p><p>Aquifers in sandstone beds in the Fox Hills Sandstone and the Hell Creek Formation probably would yield as much as 50 gallons per minute of sodium bicarbonate type water. Dissolved-solids concentrations range from 800 to 2,000 milligrams per liter. The aquifers are from 1,100 to 1,800 feet below land surface. Sandstone beds in the Ludlow and Cannonball Members of the Fort Union Formation probably could yield several gallons per minute of sodium bicarbonate water with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 800 to 2,000 milligrams per liter. Aquifers in the Ludlow and Cannonball Members lie between 700 and 1,300 feet below land surface. Individual sand beds in the Tongue River and Sentinel Butte Members of the Fort Union Formation are the shallowest aquifers encountered below the minable lignite beds. Properly constructed wells completed in these sand beds could yield as much as 40 gallons per minute. The water generally is a sodium bicarbonate type with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from about 500 to 4,200 milligrams per liter. Alluvium and glacial-drift deposits constitute the Little Muddy aquifer bordering the lignite deposit on the west and south. The aquifer could yield as much as 1,200 gallons per minute of sodium bicarbonate type water with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 975 to 1, 730 milligrams per liter.</p><p>Little Muddy Creek and Stony Creek have significant base flow. The flow is contributed partly by discharge from the lignite. Quality of water is least mineralized at high stream flows. Mining would not severely affect ground-water levels because potentiometric levels already are low. Chemically enriched leachate water from the spoils could percolate to the saturated zone and eventually reach the streams as base flow or recharge the glaciofluvial aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854024","usgsCitation":"Horak, W., and Crosby, O., 1985, Geohydrologic reconnaissance of the Avoca lignite deposit area near Williston, northwestern North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4024, Report: v, 22 p.; Plate: 10.12 x 16.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854024.","productDescription":"Report: v, 22 p.; Plate: 10.12 x 16.55 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56600,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4024/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56601,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horak, W.F.","contributorId":82326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crosby, O.A.","contributorId":61047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosby","given":"O.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27196,"text":"wri844320 - 1985 - Water resources and effects of development in Hernando County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri844320","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4320","title":"Water resources and effects of development in Hernando County, Florida","docAbstract":"In spite of the hill and valley terrain in the Brooksville Ridge area of Hernando County, Florida, little surface drainage occurs within the county. Recharge to the Floridan aquifer system occurs as infiltration of precipitation within the county or as ground-water flow from Sumter County to the east and Pasco County to the south. Discharge is principally to the Gulf of Mexico, but some ground water flows north into Citrus County before it reaches the Gulf. The Floridan aquifer system is generally unconfined. Water quality is generally good except near the coast where high chloride occurs. Water from the Floridan aquifer system accounted for 87 percent of the water used for irrigation, industry, and rural and public supply in 1982. Sixty-seven percent of this water was used by industry. Rock mining, the major industry, used 99 percent of the industrial water. The anticipated increase in population in the county between 1982 and 2000 will increase demand for water primarily from public water-supply systems. This higher demand will cause about a 1 percent reduction in flow from Weeki Wachee Springs, but little change in lake levels or saltwater intrusion will occur if the projected additional supplies are developed far enough inland from the coast. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844320","usgsCitation":"Fretwell, J.D., 1985, Water resources and effects of development in Hernando County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4320, vi, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844320.","productDescription":"vi, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4320/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56070,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4320/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9af3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fretwell, J. D.","contributorId":97933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fretwell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27138,"text":"wri844187 - 1985 - Water-resources monitoring in the Cottonwood Creek area, Shasta and Tehama counties, California, 1982-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T22:26:03.691324","indexId":"wri844187","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4187","title":"Water-resources monitoring in the Cottonwood Creek area, Shasta and Tehama counties, California, 1982-83","docAbstract":"The Cottonwood Creek study area in the Redding basin, California , contains a network of wells established to provide baseline information on ground-water levels and quality prior to the completion of two proposed dams, one on Cottonwood Creek and one on South Fork Cottonwood Creek. Analysis of monthly ground-water levels from September 1982 through September 1983 shows lowest water levels in autumn and highest in spring. The ground-water surface slopes east and has a mound at Anderson-Cottonwood Irrigation District Canal near the town of Cottonwood. Future studies here could provide additional information needed for subsequent modeling studies. Data are insufficient upstream from the damsites, specifically in areas of future impoundment where the monitoring network could be expanded. Comparison of ground-water quality samples collected from periods of lowest and highest water levels showed little chemical variation. Ground water is good to excellent with respect to recommended drinking-water standards. Ground-water types north of Cottonwood Creek are sodium magnesium or magnesium sodium bicarbonate and south of Cottonwood Creek are calcium magnesium or magnesium calcium bicarbonate. Surface-water samples from Cottonwood and South Fork Cottonwood Creeks indicate water chemically similar to ground water south of Cottonwood Creek. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844187","usgsCitation":"Fogelman, R.P., and Evenson, K.D., 1985, Water-resources monitoring in the Cottonwood Creek area, Shasta and Tehama counties, California, 1982-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4187, Report: iv, 70 p.; 4 Plates: 35.97 x 26.25 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844187.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 70 p.; 4 Plates: 35.97 x 26.25 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56011,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56008,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56009,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56010,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4187/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411206,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36051.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County, Tehama County","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.167,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.617,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.617,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.167,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.167,\n              40.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4beb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogelman, R. P.","contributorId":96688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, K. D.","contributorId":85978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27130,"text":"wri854301 - 1985 - Water-quality of Lake Conroe on the West Fork San Jacinto River, southeastern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T21:29:13.879172","indexId":"wri854301","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4301","title":"Water-quality of Lake Conroe on the West Fork San Jacinto River, southeastern Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Thermal stratification in Lake Conroe, Texas usually begins to develop in March and persists until October. Thermal stratification has resulted in significant seasonal and areal variations in the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, dissolved iron, dissolved manganese, total inorganic nitrogen, and total phosphorus.</p>\n<p>Volume-weighted-average concentration of dissolved solids generally was &lt; 120 mg/L, that of dissolved chloride generally was &lt; 22 mg/L, and that of dissolved sulfate was &lt; 10 mg/L in Lake Conroe during the 1973-82 water years. The concentrations of each of these constituents usually were largest during the summer. The water was moderately hard (hardness &gt; 60 but &lt; 120 mg/L as calcium carbonate).</p>\n<p>The average concentrations of dissolved oxygen at most sites in the downstream one-half of the lake averaged 3.2 mg/L during summer stratification and &gt; 9 mg/L during winter circulation. The concentrations at most sites in the headwaters of the lake averaged &lt; 4.3 mg/L during the summer and &lt; 7.9 mg/L during the winter. Water below depths of 25 to 35 ft usually contained &lt; 1 mg/L dissolved oxygen during the summer.</p>\n<p>The concentrations of dissolved iron and dissolved manganese in water throughout the reservoir during winter circulation and in water near the reservoir surface during summer stratification were &lt; 100 micrograms/L. The greatest concentration occurred during summer stagnation near the reservoir bottom at a deep site near Lake Conroe Dam.</p>\n<p>The concentrations of total inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus were greatest during summer stratification in water near the reservoir bottom at deep sites. No accumulation of these constituents within the reservoir was detected during the study.</p>\n<p>The densities and composition of algal populations varied seasonally. Algal densities were greatest during the summer with blue-green algae being the predominant phylum.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854301","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Flugrath, M.W., Andrews, F.L., and McPherson, E., 1985, Water-quality of Lake Conroe on the West Fork San Jacinto River, southeastern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4301, vi, 153 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854301.","productDescription":"vi, 153 p.","numberOfPages":"159","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55990,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4301/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4301/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415304,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36437.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lake Conroe, San Jacinto River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.7,\n              30.344\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.7,\n              30.542\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.517,\n              30.542\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.517,\n              30.344\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.7,\n              30.344\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db48996a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flugrath, Marvin W.","contributorId":173557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flugrath","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Freeman L.","contributorId":91486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Freeman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPherson, Emma","contributorId":85629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Emma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27125,"text":"wri854077 - 1985 - Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T11:22:12","indexId":"wri854077","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4077","title":"Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"This report documents a cost-effectiveness study of the stream-gaging program in Pennsylvania. Data uses and funding were identified for 223 continuous-record stream gages operated in 1983; four are planned for discontinuance at the close of water-year 1985; two are suggested for conversion, at the beginning of the 1985 water year, for the collection of only continuous stage records. Two of 11 special-purpose short-term gages are recommended for continuation when the supporting project ends; eight of these gages are to be discontinued and the other will be converted to a partial-record type. Current operation costs for the 212 stations recommended for continued operation is $1,199,000 per year in 1983. The average standard error of estimation for instantaneous streamflow is 15.2%. An overall average standard error of 9.8% could be attained on a budget of $1,271,000, which is 6% greater than the 1983 budget, by adopted cost-effective stream-gaging operations. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854077","usgsCitation":"Flippo, H., and Behrendt, T., 1985, Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4077, v, 108 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854077.","productDescription":"v, 108 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55987,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686633","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flippo, H.N.","contributorId":97948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flippo","given":"H.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behrendt, T.E.","contributorId":27887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26543,"text":"wri844289 - 1985 - The surficial aquifer in Pinellas County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri844289","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4289","title":"The surficial aquifer in Pinellas County, Florida","docAbstract":"The surficial aquifer in Pinellas County, Florida, contains potable water throughout most of the county and is a potential source of water to augment the public supply that is presently imported from adjacent counties. The county accounts for 38 percent of the public supply consumption of ground water in the 11-county area of west-central Florida and 68 percent of this water is imported from two adjacent counties. The surficial aquifer has a saturated thickness of more than 30 feet throughout most of the county. Specific capacity per foot of screen for wells is less than 0.1 gallon per minute per foot of drawdown in some parts of the county, but yield is sufficient in most of the county for many small uses with shallow-well pumps. Minimum potential yield varies from 5 gallons per minute in the northern part of the county to more than 30 gallons per minute in the south. Concentrations of iron are high enough in parts of the county to cause staining. Chloride concentrations are less than 100 milligrams per liter in most of the county and do not pose a problem for many uses. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844289","usgsCitation":"Causseaux, K., 1985, The surficial aquifer in Pinellas County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4289, iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844289.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4289/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55408,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4289/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6354b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Causseaux, K.W.","contributorId":7306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causseaux","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27070,"text":"wri854180 - 1985 - Simulated effects of surface coal mining and agriculture on dissolved solids in the Redwater River, east-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri854180","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4180","title":"Simulated effects of surface coal mining and agriculture on dissolved solids in the Redwater River, east-central Montana","docAbstract":"Dissolved solids concentrations in five reaches of the Redwater River in east-central Montana were simulated to evaluate the effects of surface coal mining and agriculture. A mass-balance model of streamflow and dissolved solids load developed for the Tongue River in southeastern Montana was modified and applied to the Redwater River. Mined acreages, dissolved solids concentrations in mined spoils, and irrigated acreage can be varied in the model to study relative changes in the dissolved solids concentration in consecutive reaches of the river. Because of extreme variability and a limited amount of data, the model was not consecutively validated. Simulated mean and median monthly mean streamflows and consistently larger than those calculated from streamflow records. Simulated mean and median monthly mean dissolved solids loads also are consistently larger than regression-derived values. These discrepancies probably result from extremely variable streamflow, overestimates of streamflow from ungaged tributaries, and weak correlations between streamflow and dissolved solids concentrations. The largest increases in simulated dissolved solids concentrations from mining and agriculture occur from September through January because of smaller streamflows and dissolved solids loads. Different combinations of agriculture and mining under mean flow conditions resulted in cumulative percentage increases of dissolved solids concentrations of less than 5% for mining and less than 2% for agriculture. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854180","usgsCitation":"Ferreira, R.F., and Lambing, J., 1985, Simulated effects of surface coal mining and agriculture on dissolved solids in the Redwater River, east-central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4180, v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854180.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55940,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferreira, R. F.","contributorId":80690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambing, J. H.","contributorId":100860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambing","given":"J. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27059,"text":"wri844301 - 1985 - Salinity characteristics and distribution and effects of alternative plans for freshwater withdrawal, Little Manatee River estuary and adjacent areas of Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T21:45:52.07233","indexId":"wri844301","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4301","title":"Salinity characteristics and distribution and effects of alternative plans for freshwater withdrawal, Little Manatee River estuary and adjacent areas of Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The Little Manatee River, a coastal stream that empties into Tampa Bay, Florida, may be used as a source of freshwater. Reduction of streamflow will result in upstream movement of saltwater in the stream. Data on streamflow, tide stage, and specific conductance describe the salinity distribution of the estuary. Vertical conductivity profiles indicate that the river is vertically homogeneous during low flow. The maximum upstream location of the saltwater-freshwater interface (800 micromhos) in the river was described by multiple regression analysis involving mean daily streamflow and high-high tide. The coefficient of determination is 0.94 with a root mean square error of + or - 0.4 mile. The location on the river where the estuarine system ends and the riverine system begins is at about 9.9 miles above the reference station at Shell Point. Duration analysis of conductivity indicates that the maximum upstream location of the interface exceeded 9.7 miles about 17 percent of the days for the period of study. Reduction by 50 percent of streamflow for the 90day, 2-year and 20-year recurrence-interval low flow would relocate the maximum intrusion of the interface at the 2-year and 20-year flows upstream by 0.7 and 0.2 mile, respectively.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844301","usgsCitation":"Fernandez, M., 1985, Salinity characteristics and distribution and effects of alternative plans for freshwater withdrawal, Little Manatee River estuary and adjacent areas of Tampa Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4301, v, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844301.","productDescription":"v, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55934,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4301/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4301/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415131,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36143.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Little Manatee River estuary, Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.5,\n              27.725\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5,\n              27.65\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.339,\n              27.65\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.339,\n              27.725\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5,\n              27.725\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernandez, Mario","contributorId":100846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Mario","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27058,"text":"wri854062 - 1985 - Reconnaissance of water quality at a U.S. Department of Energy site, Pinellas County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T21:22:53.639431","indexId":"wri854062","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4062","title":"Reconnaissance of water quality at a U.S. Department of Energy site, Pinellas County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Sanitary and industrial wastes at the Pinellas Plant of the U.S. Department of Energy, prior to December 1982, were combined, treated, and disposed of by ponding and spray irrigation on a 10-acre tract within the plant site. Prior to 1972, the treated wastes were released to surface drainage features. An electromagnetic survey for ground conductivity was made to identify changes in the ground conductivity that may be due to the spray irrigation disposal operations. Water samples from four test wells drilled into the surficial aquifer and the two disposal ponds and bottom material from the ponds were analyzed for priority and nonpriority pollutants, total organic carbon, volatile organic carbon, herbicides, insecticides, trace metals, nutrients, and major constituents. Overall, concentrations of constituents in the water samples were (1) less than the detection limits, (2) within U.S. Environmental Protection Agency quality criteria for water, or (3) within the range of results for a designated background water-quality site. Concentrations of 12 priority pollutants were found to be considerably above detection limits. Concentrations of these compounds, mostly coal-tar derivatives, ranged from 220 to 5,500 micrograms per kilogram; the detection limit for these compounds is 10 micrograms per kilogram. Included in these compounds were anthracene, pyrenes, and chrysene.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854062","usgsCitation":"Fernandez, M., 1985, Reconnaissance of water quality at a U.S. Department of Energy site, Pinellas County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4062, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854062.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36242.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55933,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4062/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4062/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Pinellas County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.725,\n              27.896\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.725,\n              27.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.767,\n              27.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.767,\n              27.896\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.725,\n              27.896\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6369ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernandez, Mario","contributorId":100846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Mario","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28398,"text":"wri854129 - 1985 - Comparison of two methods for estimating ground-water recharge in 1978-80, Santa Maria Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri854129","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4129","title":"Comparison of two methods for estimating ground-water recharge in 1978-80, Santa Maria Valley, California","docAbstract":"Infiltration from the Santa Maria River and the lower part of the Sisquoc River constitutes most of the groundwater recharge to the aquifer system of Santa Maria Valley, California. The annual recharge volumes commonly are much greater or smaller than the long-term average annual recharge. A comparison of two methods of estimating annual recharge indicates that, in Santa Maria Valley, a seepage-loss method is comparable to a water-level-change method. Both methods indicate that recharge was about 600,000 acre-feet during 1978-80. By the seepage-loss method, annual recharges for 1978, 1979, and 1980 are estimated as 290,000, 130,000, and 190,000 acre-feet. Using the water-level-change method, annual recharges during 1978, 1979, and 1980 are estimated at 230,000, 190,000, and 160,000 acre-feet. A log-Pearson Type III probability distribution of annual flows gaged on the Sisquoc River indicates that average annual recurrence intervals of recharge events equal to those of 1978, 1979, and 1980 are 20, 4, and 10 years. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854129","usgsCitation":"Lipinski, P., 1985, Comparison of two methods for estimating ground-water recharge in 1978-80, Santa Maria Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4129, iv, 17 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854129.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4129/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57204,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4129/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipinski, Paul","contributorId":34144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipinski","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27818,"text":"wri854001 - 1985 - Hydrogeology of the Cross Bar Ranch well-field area and projected impact of pumping, Pasco County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T21:48:27.130862","indexId":"wri854001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4001","title":"Hydrogeology of the Cross Bar Ranch well-field area and projected impact of pumping, Pasco County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeology and development of a groundwater flow model are described for a 121-square-mile area in Pasco County, Florida. The hydrogeologic framework consists of the surficial aquifer--a thin blanket of sand--and the underlying carbonates of the upper Floridian aquifer. The aquifers are separated by a leaky sand and clay confining unit. The Cross Bar Ranch well field occupies 13 square miles and contains 17 production wells averaging about 700 feet deep and tapping the upper Florida aquifer. Procedures to calibrate, test sensitivity to input parameters, and validate the model 's accuracy are described. Pumping at 30 million gallons per day should result in 5 feet of decline in the water table of the surficial aquifer over an 8-square-mile area and in the potentiometric surface of the Upper Florida aquifer over a 15-square-mile area. Under the 45-million-per-day maximum permitted rate, drawdown should be 5 feet or more in the water table and potentiometric surface over areas of 16 and 28 square miles, respectively. At the center of pumping, water levels could decline 15 to 25 feet. The surficial aquifer could possibly be completely dewatered in a small area of the well field when pumping is at the maximum rate.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854001","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, C.B., 1985, Hydrogeology of the Cross Bar Ranch well-field area and projected impact of pumping, Pasco County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4001, vi, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854001.","productDescription":"vi, 95 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414395,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36200.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56654,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4001/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123973,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4001/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Pasco County","otherGeospatial":"Cross Bar Ranch well-field area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.5,\n              28.417\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5,\n              28.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.417,\n              28.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.417,\n              28.417\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5,\n              28.417\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6151ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, C. B.","contributorId":94655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27007,"text":"wri844244 - 1985 - Chemical quality of ground water in Yolo and Solano counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri844244","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4244","title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Yolo and Solano counties, California","docAbstract":"Ground-water-quality conditions were investigated in Yolo and Solano Counties during the summers of 1980 and 1981 by sampling 188 representative wells. Chemical analyses of the water samples show that the ground water is suitable for domestic and most agricultural purposes. Water samples from wells near the Sacramento River generally contained lower concentrations of dissolved solids and higher concentrations of trace elements than the rest of the study area. Ninety percent of the water sampled had a dissolved-solids concentration of less than 850 milligrams per liter. Chemical water types varied, with 72 percent of the wells sampled containing either sodium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, sodium-magnesium bicarbonate , or magnesium-sodium bicarbonate type water. A large part of the study area contains ground water with boron concentrations that exceed tolerance levels for many crops. Other toxic trace elements were present in negligible amounts. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844244","usgsCitation":"Evenson, K.D., 1985, Chemical quality of ground water in Yolo and Solano counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4244, iv, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844244.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4244/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55893,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4244/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3bbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evenson, K. D.","contributorId":85978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26992,"text":"wri854066 - 1985 - Identification and characterization of hydrologic properties of fractured tuff using hydraulic and tracer tests — Test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T20:17:47.456542","indexId":"wri854066","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4066","title":"Identification and characterization of hydrologic properties of fractured tuff using hydraulic and tracer tests — Test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854066","usgsCitation":"Erickson, J., and Waddell, R.K., 1985, Identification and characterization of hydrologic properties of fractured tuff using hydraulic and tracer tests — Test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4066, Report: iv, 30 p.; 1 Plate: 20.14 × 26.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854066.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; 1 Plate: 20.14 × 26.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394611,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36246.htm"},{"id":55878,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4066/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55879,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4066/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.467,\n              36.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.443,\n              36.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.443,\n              36.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.467,\n              36.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.467,\n              36.833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faafb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, J.R.","contributorId":66689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, R. K.","contributorId":25560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28424,"text":"wri854146 - 1985 - Summary of northern Atlantic Coastal Plain hydrology and its relation to disposal of high-level radioactive waste in buried crystalline rock – A preliminary appraisal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T22:25:16.309266","indexId":"wri854146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4146","title":"Summary of northern Atlantic Coastal Plain hydrology and its relation to disposal of high-level radioactive waste in buried crystalline rock – A preliminary appraisal","docAbstract":"Interpretation of available hydrologic data suggests that some areas beneath the Coastal Plain in the States of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Virginia might have some potential for the disposal of nuclear waste in crystalline rock that is buried beneath the Coastal Plain sediments. The areas of major interest occur where the top of the basement rock lies between 1,000 and 4,000 feet below sea level, the aquifer(s) immediately above the basement rock are saturated with saline water, confining material overlies the saline water bearing aquifer(s), and groundwater flow in the saline water aquifer(s) can be established. Preliminary data on (1) the distribution and thickness of the lowermost aquifers and confining beds, (2) the distribution of hydraulic conductivity in the lowermost aquifers, (3) estimated hydraulic heads and inferred direction of lateral groundwater flow for 1980, and (4) the distribution of saline water and brine, indicate eastern parts of the study area relatively best meet most of the criteria proposed for sediments that would overlie any potential buried crystalline-rock disposal site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854146","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, O., Larson, J.D., and Davis, R.W., 1985, Summary of northern Atlantic Coastal Plain hydrology and its relation to disposal of high-level radioactive waste in buried crystalline rock – A preliminary appraisal: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4146, vi, 132 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854146.","productDescription":"vi, 132 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392912,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36309.htm"},{"id":57227,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4146/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.5,\n              33.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              33.833\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.5,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.5,\n              33.833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a55ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, O. B.","contributorId":75189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"O. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, J. D.","contributorId":83084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, R. W.","contributorId":93459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26977,"text":"wri854026 - 1985 - Small-area snow surveys on the northern plains of North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:12:21","indexId":"wri854026","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4026","title":"Small-area snow surveys on the northern plains of North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>Snow-cover data are needed for many facets of hydrology. The variation in snow cover over small areas is the focus of this study. The feasibility of using aerial surveys to obtain information on the snow water equivalent of the snow cover in order to minimize the necessity of labor intensive ground snow surveys was- evaluated. A low-flying aircraft was used to measure attenuations of natural terrestrial gamma radiation by snow cover. </p><p>Aerial and ground snow surveys of eight 1-mile snow courses and one 4-mile snow course were used in the evaluation, with ground snow surveys used as the base to evaluate aerial data. Each of the 1-mile snow courses consisted of a single land use and all had the same terrain type (plane). The 4-mile snow course consists of a variety of land uses and the same terrain type (plane). </p><p>Using the aerial snow-survey technique, the snow water equivalent of the 1-mile snow courses was. measured with three passes of the aircraft. Use of more than one pass did not improve the results. The mean absolute difference between the aerial- and ground-measured snow water equivalents for the 1-mile snow courses was 26 percent (0.77 inches). The aerial snow water equivalents determined for the 1-mile snow courses were used to estimate the variations in the snow water equivalents over the 4-mile snow course. The weighted mean absolute difference for the 4-mile snow course was 27 percent (0.8 inches). </p><p>Variations in snow water equivalents could not be verified adequately by segmenting the aerial snow-survey data because of the uniformity found in the snow cover. On the 4-mile snow coirse, about two-thirds of the aerial snow-survey data agreed with the ground snow-survey data within the accuracy of the aerial technique ( + 0.5 inch of the mean snow water equivalent). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854026","usgsCitation":"Emerson, D.G., Carroll, T., and Steppuhn, H., 1985, Small-area snow surveys on the northern plains of North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4026, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854026.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55865,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emerson, Douglas G.","contributorId":40579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carroll, T.R.","contributorId":91534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steppuhn, Harold","contributorId":25200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steppuhn","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26961,"text":"wri854195 - 1985 - Evaluation of surface geophysical methods for collection of hydrogeologic data in the Nebraska Sand Hills region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri854195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4195","title":"Evaluation of surface geophysical methods for collection of hydrogeologic data in the Nebraska Sand Hills region","docAbstract":"The practicality of using surface geophysical methods for obtaining geohydrologic data in the Nebraska Sand Hills region was studied during the summer of 1984. Seismic refraction and electrical-resistivity equipment were used, because an evaluation of geohydrologic data indicated that results of surveys made with this equipment probably would yield the most useful data. The study area, which included parts of Garfield, Holt, and Wheeler Counties, was selected because it is geohydrologically representative of the eastern part of the Sand Hills region, and because sufficient geohydrologic data were available for use in evaluating the results of geophysical surveys. Geophysical methods were evaluated for their ability to consistently detect selected geohydrologic horizons. These horizons in descending order, are: the water table, the top of Quaternary silt beds, the top of Quaternary sand and gravel beds , the top of the Tertiary Ogallala Formation, and the top of the Cretaceous Pierre Shale. The top of the Pierre Shale generally is the base of the aquifer, which consists of all of the 500 to 700 ft of overlying deposits. Evaluations of the geophysical data indicate that seismic refraction surveys are best suited for determining the depth to the water table, but are not effective in studying beds below the water table. Vertical electrical soundings provided data on the depth to water table and the top of the silt beds. Available geohydrologic data, however, indicate that with some changes in data collection or interpretation techniques, it may be possible to obtain information on the top of the sand and gravel deposits, the top of the Ogallala Formation, and the top of the Pierre Shale with vertical electrical soundings. Use of either geophysical method could enhance the results of geohydrologic investigations in the Nebraska Sand Hills region. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Services Section, U.S. Geological Survey [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri854195","usgsCitation":"Ellis, M.J., and Hiergesell, R., 1985, Evaluation of surface geophysical methods for collection of hydrogeologic data in the Nebraska Sand Hills region: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4195, v, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854195.","productDescription":"v, 56 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4195/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55847,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, M. J.","contributorId":27840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hiergesell, R.A.","contributorId":97130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiergesell","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26949,"text":"wri854006 - 1985 - Wastewater application by spray irrigation on a field southeast of Tallahassee, Florida: Effects on ground-water quality and quantity, 1980-82","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T20:02:45.398935","indexId":"wri854006","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4006","title":"Wastewater application by spray irrigation on a field southeast of Tallahassee, Florida: Effects on ground-water quality and quantity, 1980-82","docAbstract":"<p>A field southeast of Tallahassee, Florida, used for land application of wastewater by spray irrigation was the site of a ground-water monitoring study to determine effects of spray irrigation on water-table elevations and ground-water quality. The study was conducted during 1980-82 in cooperation with the City of Tallahassee. The wastewater has relatively high concentrations of chloride, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon , coliform bacteria, sodium, and potassium. These substances are usually attenuated before they can impact the ground water. However, increases in chloride and nitrate-nitrogen were evident in ground water in some of the monitoring wells during the study. Chloride concentrations increased five-fold or more in some wells directly affected by spray irrigation, and nitrate-nitrogen concentrations increased eight-fold or more. Ground-water levels in the area of the spray field fluctuated over a range of several feet. These fluctuations were affected somewhat by spray irrigation, but the primary control on water levels was rainfall. As of December 1982, constituents introduced to the system by spray irrigation of effluent had not exceeded drinking water standard in the ground water. However, the system had not yet stabilized and more changes in ground-water quality could be expected.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854006","usgsCitation":"Elder, J.F., Hunn, J.D., and Calhoun, C.W., 1985, Wastewater application by spray irrigation on a field southeast of Tallahassee, Florida: Effects on ground-water quality and quantity, 1980-82: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4006, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854006.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393463,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36204.htm"},{"id":55837,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4006/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tallahassee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.22531127929688,\n              30.354508890918233\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.16763305664062,\n              30.354508890918233\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.16763305664062,\n              30.39123803561794\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.22531127929688,\n              30.39123803561794\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.22531127929688,\n              30.354508890918233\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bdcdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, J. F.","contributorId":54143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunn, J. D.","contributorId":20362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunn","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calhoun, C. W.","contributorId":41865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calhoun","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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