Stratiform zinc-copper massive-sulfide deposits at Al Masane occur in thin dolomitic interbeds within Proterozoic felsic crystal tuff and mafic flows and volcaniclastics. These strata dip steeply westward and are underlain by shale and shaly graywacke to the east and overlain by lapilli crystal tuff to the west. This section is part of the Habawnah fold or mineral belt that extends from the Wadi Wassat area southward into Yemen. Western parts of the Habawnah fold belt, including the Al Masane area, are characterized by a bimodal assemblage of of phenocryst-poor basalts and sodic rhyolite crystal tuff, and by zinc-copper mineral deposits. Strata in the eastern part of the belt, mostly east of the Ashara fault zone, contain abundant phenocryst-rich mafic volcanic rocks, little felsic crystal tuff, and barren or locally nickeliferous massive pyrite deposits.
\nStratified rocks and gabbro sills of the Al Masane area were isoclinally folded and metamorphosed to the greenschist facies. Structural analysis indicates that foliation, lineation, joints, major and minor folds, and one of three sets of faults formed during a single east-west compressional deformational episode. Axial-plane foliation dips steeply westward and is usually coincident with bedding. Lineation plunges steeply to the northwest throughout the map area and is parallel to the intersection of joints of two major sets and to the intersection of these joints with foliation. Major folds have north-trending, gently plunging axes to which the axis of a minor fold set is essentially parallel. A second minor fold-set has a steeply plunging axis parallel to lineation. The Saadah massive-sulfide body is elongated by a fold of this system.
\nUnmetamorphosed Proterozoic felsic sills, quartz monzonite and gabbro plutons, porphyritic diorite dikes, mafic dikes, and basalt dikes, in that apparent order, have intruded the stratified section. Basalt dikes are offset by southwestward-dipping reverse faults and by faults parallel to bedding.
\nMalachite and metal-oxide-bearing gossans in the Al Masane area were mined in ancient times. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal in slag indicates that the ores were smelted about 1,200 years ago. Gossans are depleted in copper, silver, and zinc, relative to underlying sulfide, by factors of about 0.33, 0.2, and 0.08, respectively. Evaluation of numerous analyses of gossans, carbonates, and silicate rocks indicates that exploration for zinc-copper massive-sulfide deposits in the region should center on detailed geochemical studies of dolomitic beds.
\nDolomitization of host siliceous shales and tuffs and the formation of the massive-sulfide bodies at Al Masane probably caused by submarine fumarolic hydrothermal activity during periods of relative volcanic quiescence. Further work in the Al Masane region should include a study of the dolomitized areas and a search for other potential alteration \"pipe\" products (e.g. chlorite) as a guide to location of proximal deposits.
\nZinc-copper deposits at Al Masane and in the Dhahar-Al Hajrah and Kutam-Farah Garan areas have characteristics in common and are associated with felsic volcanic centers in the western bimodal part of the Habawnah mineral belt. They probably have parallel origins related to sea-floor volcanism. Deposits at Al Masane and Dhahar-Al Hajrah are possibly in the same general stratigraphic interval. Characteristics and distribution of altered rocks at Kutam suggest that the observed structural control of mineralization may represent remobilization.
\nChemical characteristics of volcanic rocks at Al Masane and elsewhere, along with features such as zinc-copper-iron sulfide mineralization, rhyolite-basalt bimodality, and the quartz phenocryst-rich nature of the felsic rocks, are compatible with an unusually primitive tholeiitic island-arc origin for the strata and mineral deposits of the Habawnah mineral belt.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr85240","usgsCitation":"Conway, C.M., 1985, Geology and regional setting of the Al Masane ancient mine area, southeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-240, Report: iii, 97 p.; Maps: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85240.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 97 p.; Maps: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":35982,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0240/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35983,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0240/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0240/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35984,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0240/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35985,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0240/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 43.5,\n 17.5\n ],\n [\n 43.5,\n 18.5\n ],\n [\n 44.5,\n 18.5\n ],\n [\n 44.5,\n 17.5\n ],\n [\n 43.5,\n 17.5 \n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, Clay M.","contributorId":106860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Clay","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8423,"text":"ofr85237 - 1985 - Digital shipboard gravity and magnetic data collected in 1976 in the southern Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:07","indexId":"ofr85237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-237","title":"Digital shipboard gravity and magnetic data collected in 1976 in the southern Bering Sea","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85237","usgsCitation":"Cooper, A.K., Marlow, M.S., and Childs, J., 1985, Digital shipboard gravity and magnetic data collected in 1976 in the southern Bering Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-237, 6 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85237.","productDescription":"6 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35995,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db65914f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marlow, M. 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K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marlow, M. S.","contributorId":76743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childs, J.R.","contributorId":63011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5654,"text":"pp1054C - 1985 - Hydrothermal alteration in research drill hole Y-3, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-16T09:21:10","indexId":"pp1054C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1054","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrothermal alteration in research drill hole Y-3, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Y-3, a U.S. Geological Survey research diamond-drill hole in Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, reached a depth of 156.7 m. The recovered drill core consists of 42.2 m of surficial (mostly glacial) sediments and two rhyolite flows (Nez Perce Creek flow and an older, unnamed rhyolite flow) of the Central Plateau Member of the Pleistocene Plateau Rhyolite. Hydrothermal alteration is fairly extensive in most of the drill core. The surficial deposits are largely cemented by silica and zeolite minerals; and the two rhyolite flows are, in part, bleached by thermal water that deposited numerous hydrothermal minerals in cavities and fractures. Hydrothermal minerals containing sodium as a dominant cation (analcime, clinoptilolite, mordenite, Na-smectite, and aegirine) are more abundant than calcium-bearing minerals (calcite, fluorite, Ca-smectite, and pectolite) in the sedimentary section of the drill core. In the volcanic section of drill core Y-3, calcium-rich minerals (dachiardite, laumontite, yugawaralite, calcite, fluorite, Ca-smectite, pectolite, and truscottite) are predominant over sodium-bearing minerals (aegirine, mordenite, and Na-smectite). Hydrothermal minerals that contain significant amounts of potassium (alunite and lepidolite in the sediments and illitesmectite in the rhyolite flows) are found in the two drill-core intervals. Drill core y:.3 also contains hydrothermal silica minerals (opal, [3-cristobalite, chalcedony, and quartz), other clay minerals (allophane, halloysite, kaolinite, and chlorite), gypsum, pyrite, and hematite. The dominance of calcium-bearing hydrothermal minerals in the lower rhyolitic section of the y:.3 drill core appears to be due to loss of calcium, along with potassium, during adiabatic cooling of an ascending boiling water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp1054C","usgsCitation":"Bargar, K.E., and Beeson, M.H., 1985, Hydrothermal alteration in research drill hole Y-3, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1054, p. C1-C23, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1054C.","productDescription":"p. 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This report contains discharge records for 93 gaging stations, monthend contents for 30 lakes and reservoirs, water quality for 12 gaging stations, and water levels for 107 observation wells. Also included are data for 20 low-flow and 18 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. A few pertinent stations (not included above) in bordering States are also included in this report. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMARI831","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the States of Massachusetts and Rhode Island and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Gadoury, R.A., Girouard, G., and Ries, K., 1985, Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MA-RI-83-1, vii, 237 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMARI831.","productDescription":"vii, 237 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174500,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1983/mari-83-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":496058,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1983/mari-83-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.50297488831188,\n 42.97016577848564\n ],\n [\n -73.50297488831188,\n 41.11994266161375\n ],\n [\n -69.8918541821574,\n 41.11994266161375\n ],\n [\n -69.8918541821574,\n 42.97016577848564\n ],\n [\n -73.50297488831188,\n 42.97016577848564\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gadoury, R. 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Data-collection network and methods, quality-assurance program, and description of available data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T20:24:56.785677","indexId":"ofr84610","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-610","title":"Quantity and quality of storm runoff in the Irondequoit Creek basin near Rochester, New York; Part 1. 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Tables list watershed characteristics, precipitation data (including chemical quality of atmospheric deposition, monthly precipitation, and evaporation), and annual loadings of eight selected nutrients and heavy metals from the five major subbasins and three discrete land-use site. Examples of computer printouts of streamflow, precipitation, and water quality data available from the Geological Survey 's WATSTORE computer system are included. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84610","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., Harding, W.E., Yager, R.M., and Kappel, W.M., 1985, Quantity and quality of storm runoff in the Irondequoit Creek basin near Rochester, New York; Part 1. Data-collection network and methods, quality-assurance program, and description of available data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-610, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84610.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401889,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27482.htm"},{"id":40421,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0610/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0610/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Rochester","otherGeospatial":"Irondequoit Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.625,\n 42.917\n ],\n [\n -77.325,\n 42.917\n ],\n [\n -77.325,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -77.625,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -77.625,\n 42.917\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Philip J.","contributorId":21588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, W. E.","contributorId":12527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, R. M.","contributorId":8069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kappel, W. M.","contributorId":18754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":60342,"text":"mf1246K - 1985 - Maps showing distribution of zinc in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° by 2° quadrangle, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T12:31:17","indexId":"mf1246K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1246","chapter":"K","title":"Maps showing distribution of zinc in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° by 2° quadrangle, Utah","docAbstract":"These maps are part of a folio of maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah, prepared under the Coterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program. Other publications in this folio are listed in the selected references.
Located in west-central Utah, the Richfield quadrangle covers the eastern part of the Plioche-Marysvale igneous mineral belt, which extends from the vicinity of Plioche in southeastern Nevada east-northeastward for 250 km (155 mi) into central Utah. The western two-thirds of the Richfield quadrangle is in the Basin and Range province and the eastern third is in the High Plateaus of Utah, a subprovince of the Colorado Plateau.
Bedrock in the northern part of the Richfield quadrangle consists predominantly of latest Precambrian and Paleozoic sedimentary strata that were thrust eastward during the Sevier orogeny in Cretaceous time onto an autochthon of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The southern part of the quadrangle is largely underlain by Oligocene and younger volcanic rocks and related instrusions. Extensional tectonism in late Cenozoic time broke the bedrock terrane into a series of north-trending fault blocks; the uplifted mountain areas were deeply eroded and the resulting debris deposited in the adjacent basins. Most of the mineral deposits in the Pioche-Marysvale mineral belt were formed during igneous activity in middle and late Cenozoic time.
The regional sampling program was designed to define broad geochemical patterns and trends which can be utilized along with geologic and geophysical data to assess the mineral resource potential for this quadrangle. These maps of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle show the regional distributions of zinc in two fractions of heavy-mineral concentrates of drainage sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1246K","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., Motooka, J.M., and McHugh, J., 1985, Maps showing distribution of zinc in heavy-mineral concentrates, Richfield 1° by 2° quadrangle, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1246, Plate: 35.92 x 27.30 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1246K.","productDescription":"Plate: 35.92 x 27.30 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":364157,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1246-K/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":" https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf1246K/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,39.0 ], [ -112.0,38.0 ], [ -114.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6057c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Motooka, Jerry M.","contributorId":36611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1426,"text":"wsp2266 - 1985 - Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8984,"text":"ofr84588 - 1984 - Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts","indexId":"ofr84588","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1426,"text":"wsp2266 - 1985 - Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts","indexId":"wsp2266","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp2266","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2266","title":"Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) are sorbed to the fine-grained stream-bottom sediments along the Housatonic River from Pittsfield, Massachusetts, southward to the Massachusetts-Connecticut boundary. The highest PCB concentrations, up to 140,000 micrograms per kilogram, were found in samples of bottom material from a reach of the river between Pittsfield and Woods Pond Dam in Lee, Massachusetts. Sediments in Woods Pond have been estimated to contain about 11,000 pounds of PCB's. Approximately 490 pounds per year of PCB's have also been estimated to move past the Housatonic River gaging station at Great Barrington. \r\n\r\nThe distribution of hydraulic heads, water temperatures, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate, iron, and manganese in ground water shows that industrial water-supply wells in a sand and gravel aquifer adjacent to a stretch of the river called Woods Pond have been inducing ground-water recharge through the PCB-contaminated bottom sediments of the pond since late 1956. These data indicate that, at one location along the shore of the pond, the upper 40 feet of the aquifer contains water derived from induced infiltration. However, this induced recharge has not moved PCB's from the bottom sediments into a vertical section of the aquifer located 5 feet downgradient from the edge of Woods Pond. Samples taken at selected intervals in this section showed that no PCB's sorbed to the aquifer material or dissolved in the ground water within the detection limits of the chemical analyses.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2266","usgsCitation":"Gay, F.B., and Frimpter, M.H., 1985, Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Housatonic River and adjacent aquifer, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2266, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2266.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2266/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26530,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2266/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gay, Frederick B.","contributorId":102052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frimpter, Michael H.","contributorId":8074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frimpter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14044,"text":"ofr85371 - 1985 - An introduction to technical issues in the evaluation of seismic hazards for earthquake-resistant design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:51","indexId":"ofr85371","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-371","title":"An introduction to technical issues in the evaluation of seismic hazards for earthquake-resistant design","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85371","usgsCitation":"Hays, W.W., 1985, An introduction to technical issues in the evaluation of seismic hazards for earthquake-resistant design: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-371, ix, 112 p. :charts, maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85371.","productDescription":"ix, 112 p. :charts, maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0371/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42696,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0371/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hays, W. W.","contributorId":66693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1118,"text":"wsp2234A - 1985 - Distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, May 1978 to November 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T19:20:22.556427","indexId":"wsp2234A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"A","title":"Distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, May 1978 to November 1981","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A water quality study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234A","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., Paschal, J.E., and Bartow, N.C., 1985, Distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, May 1978 to November 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, viii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234A.","productDescription":"viii, 46 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395975,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25304.htm"},{"id":25881,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River and Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 37.896530447543\n ],\n [\n -76.2945556640625,\n 37.896530447543\n ],\n [\n -76.2945556640625,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 38.839707613545144\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 37.896530447543\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649fe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Virginia","contributorId":12018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paschal, James E.","contributorId":17971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschal","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartow, Nancy C.","contributorId":56203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartow","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1076,"text":"wsp2251 - 1985 - Effects of artificial recharge on the Ogallala aquifer, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T14:27:28","indexId":"wsp2251","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2251","title":"Effects of artificial recharge on the Ogallala aquifer, Texas","docAbstract":"Four recharge tests were conducted by injecting water from playa lakes through wells into the Ogallala Formation. Injection was by gravity flow and by pumping under pressure. At one site, 34-acre feet of water was injected by gravity and produced a significant increase in yield of the well. At a second site, gravity injection of only 0.58 acre-foot caused a significant decrease in permeability due to plugging by suspended sediment. At two other sites, injection by pumping 6 and 14 acre-feet respectively, resulted in discharge of water at the surface and in perching of water above the water table. Differences in success of recharge were largely due to aquifer lithology and, therefore, the type of permeability; the concentration of suspended solids in the recharge water; and the injection technique. The injection technique can be controlled and the concentration of suspended solids can be minimized by treatment, but the site for well recharge will accept water most rapidly if it is selected on the basis of a favorable geohydrologic environment. Geophysical logs were used to study the effect of aquifer lithology on recharge and to understand the movement of injected water. Temperature logs were particularly useful in tracing the movement of recharged water. Natural-gamma, gamma-gamma, and neutron logs provided important data on lithology and porosity in the aquifer and changes in porosity and water distribution resulting from recharge. Effective recharge of the Ogallala Formation, using water from playa lakes, is possible where geohydrologic conditions are favorable and the recharge system is properly constructed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2251","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.F., and Keys, W., 1985, Effects of artificial recharge on the Ogallala aquifer, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2251, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2251.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25783,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68452e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Richmond Flint","contributorId":96242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Richmond","email":"","middleInitial":"Flint","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keys, W.S.","contributorId":75126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keys","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32587,"text":"pp1258E - 1985 - Surface topography of the lower part of Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1974-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:17","indexId":"pp1258E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1258","chapter":"E","title":"Surface topography of the lower part of Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1974-81","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1258E","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, L.A., and Meier, M.F., 1985, Surface topography of the lower part of Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1974-81: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1258, p. E1-E63, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1258E.","productDescription":"p. E1-E63","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1258e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60413,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1258e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6980e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, Lowell A.","contributorId":36930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, M. F.","contributorId":98713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48407,"text":"ofr79304 - 1985 - Federal coal resource occurrence and federal coal development potential maps of the northwest quarter of the Red Oak 15-minute quadrangle, Latimer County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T21:57:43.732211","indexId":"ofr79304","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-304","title":"Federal coal resource occurrence and federal coal development potential maps of the northwest quarter of the Red Oak 15-minute quadrangle, Latimer County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79304","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, Federal coal resource occurrence and federal coal development potential maps of the northwest quarter of the Red Oak 15-minute quadrangle, Latimer County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-304, Report: iii, 25 p.; 19 Plates: 30.61 × 23.11 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79304.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 25 p.; 19 Plates: 30.61 × 23.11 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":85093,"rank":418,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85090,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85088,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85087,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85086,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85085,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85084,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85083,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85082,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85081,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85080,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85079,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85078,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85077,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85076,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85075,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85094,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85092,"rank":417,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85091,"rank":416,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85089,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407102,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_28273.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":169923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0304/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Latimer County","otherGeospatial":"Red Oak 15-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.25,\n 34.875\n ],\n [\n -95.125,\n 34.875\n ],\n [\n -95.125,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -95.25,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -95.25,\n 34.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f6947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1403,"text":"wsp2273 - 1985 - Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood of 1980, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8956,"text":"ofr84578 - 1984 - The 1980 Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon","indexId":"ofr84578","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"The 1980 Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1403,"text":"wsp2273 - 1985 - Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood of 1980, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon","indexId":"wsp2273","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood of 1980, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:46:54","indexId":"wsp2273","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2273","title":"Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood of 1980, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2273","usgsCitation":"Gallino, G.L., and Pierson, T.C., 1985, Polallie Creek debris flow and subsequent dam-break flood of 1980, East Fork Hood River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2273, vi, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2273.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26494,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2273/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26495,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2273/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684cac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallino, Gary L.","contributorId":11199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallino","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1290,"text":"wsp2253 - 1985 - Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8645,"text":"ofr83222 - 1983 - Geohydrology and model analysis of the stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney counties, southwestern Kansas","indexId":"ofr83222","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and model analysis of the stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney counties, southwestern Kansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1290,"text":"wsp2253 - 1985 - Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas","indexId":"wsp2253","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T20:43:50.995415","indexId":"wsp2253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2253","title":"Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas","docAbstract":"A study was made, in cooperation with the Division of Water Resources, Kansas State Board of Agriculture, to determine geohydrologic conditions in an area comprising nearly 850,000 acres along the Arkansas River valley in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas. The Arkansas River meanders atop and interacts hydraulically with the area's multilayered, unconsolidated aquifer system. Declines in static water levels in wells in the heavily pumped lower aquifer ranged from 20 to 80 feet during 1974-80. The river is dry in much of the area. \r\n\r\nA digital computer model was calibrated to simulate the trends of historic water levels. Simulated 1974-80 conditions depicted an average annual recharge to the unconsolidated aquifer system of 66,900 acre-feet from precipitation and 36,200 acre-feet from river and canal seepage and boundary inflow. Simulated average annual discharge consisted of 634,800 acre-feet from pumpage and boundary outflow. Simulated average annual recharge to the unconsolidated aquifer system was 531,700 acre-feet less than average annual discharge, indicating the ground-water resource is currently (1982) being mined in the study area. \r\n\r\nSimulation also indicated that there would be sufficient saturated thickness in 2005 for irrigation if 1980 hydrologic conditions continued. Seepage losses from the Arkansas River and irrigation canals are a major source of recharge to the unconsolidated aquifer system. Therefore, the amount of flow in the Arkansas River would be important in determining the rate of future water-level declines in the study area. Streamflow seepage losses could be decreased by (1) decreasing the number of wells pumping in the study area in order to reduce downward leakage from the valley aquifer, or (2) increasing streamflow discharge in order to recharge the valley aquifer. The rate and direction of flow between the river and the valley aquifer depend on the hydraulic conductivity of the streambed and the hydraulic gradient between the river stage and the water table. As long as river stage remains high, the water table in the valley aquifer continues to rise. Seepage from the river to the valley aquifer decreases as the altitude difference between the river stage and the valley aquifer decreases, becoming insignificant when the water level in the valley aquifer nearly equals river stage. However, a rise in the water table in the valley aquifer because of recharge from the river will correspond to increased downward leakage to the lower aquifer, impeding recharge to the valley aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2253","usgsCitation":"Dunlap, L.E., Lindgren, R.J., and Sauer, C.G., 1985, Geohydrology and model analysis of stream-aquifer system along the Arkansas River in Kearny and Finney Counties, southwestern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2253, viii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2253.","productDescription":"viii, 52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2253/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411665,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25532.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26271,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2253/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Finney County, Kearny County","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.6667,\n 38.167\n ],\n [\n -101.5,\n 38.167\n ],\n [\n -101.5,\n 37.75\n ],\n [\n -100.6667,\n 37.75\n ],\n [\n -100.6667,\n 38.167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunlap, L. E.","contributorId":45685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlap","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindgren, Richard J. lindgren@usgs.gov","contributorId":1667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Richard","email":"lindgren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":143507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, C. G.","contributorId":52548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28879,"text":"wri854197 - 1985 - Evaluation of the effects of coal-mine reclamation on water quality in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, southeastern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri854197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4197","title":"Evaluation of the effects of coal-mine reclamation on water quality in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, southeastern Ohio","docAbstract":"A subsurface clay dike and mine-entrance hydraulic seals were constructed from July 1979 through May 1980 by the Ohio Department if Natural Resources, Division of Reclamation to reduce acidic mine drainage from abandoned drift-mine complex 88 into Big Four Hollow Creek. Big Four Hollow Creek flows into Sandy Run--the major tributary to Lake Hope. A data-collection program was established in 1979 by the U.S. Geological Survey to evaluate effects of drift-mine sealing on surface-water systems of the Big Four Hollow Creek and Sandy Run area just below the mine.\r\n\r\nData collected by private consultants from 1970 through 1971 near the mouth of Big Four Hollow Creek (U.S. Geological Survey station 03201700) show that pH ranged from 2.7 to 4.8, with a median of 3.1. The calculated iron load was 50 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nData collecetd near the mouth of Big Four Hollow Creek (station 03201700) from 1971 through 1979 (before dike construction) show the daily pH ranged from 2.1 to 6.7; the median was 3.6. The daily specific conduction ranged from 72 to 3,500 microsiements per centimeter at 25? Celsius and averaged 770. The estimated loads of chemical constituents were: Sulfate, 1,100 pounds per day: iron, 54 pounds per day: and manganese, 12 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nAll postconstruction data collected at station 03201700 through the end of the project, May 1980 through June 30, 1983, show that the daily pH ranged from 2.4 to 7.7, with a median of 3.7. Daily specific conductance ranged from 87 to 3,200 microsiemens per centimeter and averaged 1,200. The estimated loads of chemical constituents for this period were: Sulfate, 1,000 pounds per day: iron, 44 pounds per day: and manganese, 16 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nStandard nonparametric statistical tests were performed on the data collected before and after reclamation. Differences at the 95-percent confidence level were found in the before- and after-reclamation data sets for specific conductance, aluminum, and manganese at station 03201700. Data collected during the first 6 months after reclamation indicated moderate improvement in water quality only because no highly mineralized water was leaking from the closed mine. Later, perhaps in Sepember 1980 increased hydraulic head behind the clay dike caused the mine water to seep out and degrade the stream-water quality.\r\n\r\nIn order to investigate leakages, dye was injected into two wells that penetrated the closed mine complex 88. One injection revealed that the dye moved to a discharge point at a nearby mine entrance known to be connected to complex 88. No discharge of dye was detected as a result of dye injection into the other well during the project.\r\n\r\nAcidic mine water continues to seep from the closed mine complex 88. A definitive evaluation of the effects of reclamation on the area's water quality cannot be made until the hydrologic system stabilizes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854197","usgsCitation":"Nichols, V., 1985, Evaluation of the effects of coal-mine reclamation on water quality in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, southeastern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4197, vi, 215 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854197.","productDescription":"vi, 215 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57754,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, V.E.","contributorId":97930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29956,"text":"wri854020 - 1985 - Determination of diffusivities in the Rustler Formation from exploratory-shaft construction at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri854020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4020","title":"Determination of diffusivities in the Rustler Formation from exploratory-shaft construction at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"The construction of an exploratory shaft 12 feet in diameter into the Salado Formation (repository horizon for transuranic waste material) at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site in southeastern New Mexico affected water-levels in water-bearing zones above the repository horizon. By reading the construction history of the exploratory shaft, an approximation of construction-generated hydraulic stresses at the shaft was made. The magnitude of the construction-generated stresses was calibrated using the hydrographs from one hydrologic test pad. Whereas flow rates from the Magenta Dolomite and Culebra Dolomite Members in the Rustler Formation into the exploratory shaft were unknown, the ratio of transmissivity to storage (diffusivity) was determined by mathematically simulating the aquifers and the hydrologic stresses with flood-wave-response digital model. These results indicate that the Magenta Dolomite and Culebra Dolomite Members of the Rustler Formation can be modeled as homogeneous, isotropic, and confined water-bearing zones. One simple and consistent explanation, but by no means the only explanation, of the lack of a single diffusivity value in the Culebra aquifer is that the open-hole observation wells at the hydrologic test pads dampen the amplitude of water-level changes. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854020","usgsCitation":"Stevens, K., and Beyeler, W., 1985, Determination of diffusivities in the Rustler Formation from exploratory-shaft construction at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4020, v, 32 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854020.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58775,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66789e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Ken","contributorId":101264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyeler, Walt","contributorId":92306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyeler","given":"Walt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48427,"text":"ofr79496 - 1985 - Federal coal resource occurrence and federal coal development potential maps of the Spiro 7.5-minute quadrangle Le Flore county, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-02T21:21:00.041614","indexId":"ofr79496","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-496","title":"Federal coal resource occurrence and federal coal development potential maps of the Spiro 7.5-minute quadrangle Le Flore county, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79496","usgsCitation":"Geological Services of Tulsa, Brady, B.T., and Querry, J.L., 1985, Federal coal resource occurrence and federal coal development potential maps of the Spiro 7.5-minute quadrangle Le Flore county, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-496, Report: ii, 44 p.; 14 Plates: 23.74 × 29.25 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79496.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 44 p.; 14 Plates: 23.74 × 29.25 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388820,"rank":17,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_29154.htm"},{"id":85149,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85148,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85147,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85146,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85145,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85144,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85143,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85142,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":162867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85156,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85155,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85154,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85153,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85152,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85151,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":85150,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0496/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Le Flore County","otherGeospatial":"Spiro 7.5-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.5,\n 35.125\n ],\n [\n -94.6250,\n 35.125\n ],\n [\n -94.6250,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 35.25\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 35.125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f69fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geological Services of Tulsa","contributorId":128199,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Geological Services of Tulsa","id":531799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, B. T.","contributorId":93047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Querry, J. L.","contributorId":85638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Querry","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}