Sedimentary rocks of Late Cambrian through Early Cretaceous age in Kansas are part of a regional flow system of hydraulically connected aquifers and confining units. Future demands for water require that these deeply buried rocks be studied to describe hydrologic properties and ground-water-flow conditions and to provide information that will serve as the basis for decisions concerning the protection and the management of the water resources contained therein, Toward this end, the U.S. Geological Survey, as a part of its Central Midwest Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (CMRASA), began a 5-year hydrologic investigation of this regional flow system in Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas (Jorgensen and Signor, 1981).
This chapter is one of nine contained in Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-722, which present a description of the physical framework (Chapters B-F) and the geohydrology (Chapters G-I} of principal aquifers and confining systems in Upper Cambrian through Lower Cretaceous rocks in Kansas; the stratigraphic relations of these geohydrologic systems are discussed in detail in Chapter A (Wolf and others, 1990). This chapter (G) describes the geohydrology of the Great Plains aquifer system; the physical framework of the Great Plains aquifer system is presented in Chapter B (Spinazola and others, 1992).
The maps in this chapter are based on existing data from selected geophysical and lithologic logs, drill-stem tests, water-level measurements, water-quality analyses, and published maps of stratigraphically equivalent units. An index to the geohydrologic data compiled for the CMRASA in Kansas is presented in Spinazola and others (1987). For the most part, data used to construct the maps were collected over many years and do not reflect aquifer conditions for any specific time period.
Drainage-basin and channel-geometry multiple-regression equations are presented for estimating design-flood discharges having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years at stream sites on rural, unregulated streams in Iowa. Design-flood discharge estimates determined by Pearson Type-Ill analyses using data collected through the 1990 water year are reported for the 188 streamflow-gaging stations used in either the drainage-basin or channel-geometry regression analyses. Ordinary least-squares multiple-regression techniques were used to identify selected drainage-basin and channel-geometry characteristics and to delineate two channel-geometry regions. Weighted least-squares multiple-regression techniques, which account for differences in the variance of flows at different gaging stations and for variable lengths in station records, were used to estimate the regression parameters.
\nStatewide drainage-basin equations were developed from analyses of 164 streamflow-gaging stations. Drainage-basin characteristics were quantified using a geographic-informationsystem procedure to process topographic maps and digital cartographic data. The significant characteristics identified for the drainage-basin ^equations included contributing drainage area, relative relief, drainage frequency, and 2-year, 24-hour precipitation intensity. The average standard errors of prediction for the drainagebasin equations ranged from 38.6 to 50.2 percent. The geographic-information-system procedure expanded the capability to quantitatively relate drainage-basin characteristics to the magnitude and frequency of floods for stream sites in Iowa and provides a flood-estimation method that is independent of hydrologic regionalization.
\nStatewide and regional channel-geometry regression equations were developed from analyses of 157 streamflow-gaging stations. Channel-geometry characteristics were measured onsite and on topographic maps. Statewide and regional channel-geometry regression equations that are dependent on whether a stream has been channelized were developed on the basis of bankfull and active-channel characteristics. The significant channel-geometry characteristics identified for the statewide and regional regression equations included bankfull width and bankfull depth for natural channels unaffected by channelization, and active-channel width for stabilized channels affected by channelization. The average standard errors of prediction ranged from 41.0 to 68.4 percent for the statewide channel-geometry equations and from 30.3 to 70.0 percent for the regional channel-geometry equations.
\nProcedures provided for applying the drainage-basin and channel-geometry regression equations depend on whether the design-flood discharge estimate is for a site on an ungaged stream, an ungaged site on a gaged stream, or a gaged site. When both a drainage-basin and a channel-geometry regression-equation estimate are available for a stream site, a procedure is presented for determining a weighted average of the two flood estimates. The drainage-basin regression equations are applicable to unregulated rural drainage areas less than 1,060 square miles, and the channel-geometry regression equations are applicable to unregulated rural streams in Iowa with stabilized channels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri934062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Highway Research Board and the Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT Research Project HR-322)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., 1993, Estimating design-flood discharges for streams in Iowa using drainage-basin and channel-geometry characteristics: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4062, vi, 96 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934062.","productDescription":"vi, 96 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, D. A.","contributorId":60237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26018,"text":"wri924146 - 1993 - Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri924146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4146","title":"Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields","docAbstract":"A comprehensive hydrologic investigation of the Jackson area in Madison County, Tennessee, was conducted to provide information for the development of a wellhead-protection program for two municipal well fields. The136-square-mile study area is between the Middle Fork Forked Deer and South Fork Forked Deer Rivers and includes the city of Jackson.\r\n\r\nThe formations that underlie and crop out in the study area, in descending order, are the Memphis Sand, Fort Pillow Sand, and Porters Creek Clay. The saturated thickness of the Memphis Sand ranges from 0 to 270 feet; the Fort Pillow Sand, from 0 to 180 feet. The Porters Creek Clay, which ranges from 130 to 320 feet thick, separates a deeper formation, the McNairy Sand, from the shallower units. Estimates by other investigators of hydraulic conductivity for the Memphis Sand range from 80 to 202 feet per day. Estimates of transmissivity of the Memphis Sand range from 2,700 to 33,000 feet squared per day. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity for the Fort Pillow Sand range from 68 to 167 feet per day, and estimates of transmissivity of that unit range from 6,700 to 10,050 feet squared per day.\r\n\r\nA finite-difference, ground-water flow model was calibrated to steady-state hydrologic conditions of April 1989, and was used to simulate hypothetical pumping plans for the North and South Well Fields. The aquifers were represented as three layers in the model to simulate the ground-water flow system. Layer 1 is the saturated part of the Memphis Sand; layer 2 is the upper half of the Fort Pillow Sand; and layer 3 is the lower half of the Fort Pillow Sand.\r\n\r\nThe steady-state water budget of the simulated system showed that more than half of the inflow to the ground-water system is underflow from the model boundaries. Most of this inflow is discharged as seepage to the rivers and to pumping wells. Slightly less than half of the inflow is from areal recharge and recharge from streams. About 75 percent of the discharge from the system is into the streams, lakes, and out of the model area through a small quantity of ground-water underflow. The remaining 25 percent is discharge to pumping wells.\r\n\r\nThe calibrated model was modified to simulate the effects on the ground-water system of three hypothetical pumping plans that increased pumping from the North Well Field to up to 20 million gallons per day, and from the South Well Field, to up to 15 million gallons per day. Maximum drawdown resulting from the 20 million-gallons-per-day rate of simulated pumping was 44.7 feet in a node containing a pumping well, and maximum drawdown over an extended area was about 38 feet. Up to 34 percent of ground-water seepage to streams in the calibrated model was intercepted by pumping in the simulations. A maximum of 9 percent more water was induced through model boundaries.\r\n\r\nA particle-tracking program, MODPATH, was used to delineate areas contributing water to the North and South Well Fields for the calibrated model and the three pumping simulations, and to estimate distances for different times-of-travel to the wells. The size of the area contributing water to the North Well Field, defined by the 5-year time-of-travel capture zone, is about 0.8 by 1.8 miles for the calibrated model and pumping plan 1. The size of the area for pumping plan 2 is 1.1 by 2.0 miles and, for pumping plan 3, 1.6 by 2.2 miles. The range of distance for l-year time-of-travel to individual wells is 200 to 800 feet for the calibrated model and plan 1, and 350 to 950 feet for plans 2 and 3.\r\n\r\nThe size of the area contributing water to the South Well Field, defined by the 5-year time-of-travel capture zone, is about 0.8 by 1.4 miles for the calibrated model. The size of the area for pumping plans 1 and 3 is 1.6 by 2.2 miles and, for pumping plan 2, 1.1 by 1.7 miles. The range of distance for l-year time-of-travel to individual wells is 120 to 530 feet for the calibrated model, 670 to 1,300 feet for pumping plans 1 and 3, and 260 to 850 feet","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924146","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., 1993, Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4146, v, 54 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924146.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2020,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri924146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_92_4146.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Z. C.","contributorId":54587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":67167,"text":"i2005 - 1993 - Geologic map of upper Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related rocks in the Cascade Range, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T16:04:41","indexId":"i2005","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005","title":"Geologic map of upper Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related rocks in the Cascade Range, Washington","docAbstract":"Since 1979 the Geothermal Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey has carried out a multidisciplinary research effort in the Cascade Range. The goal of this research is to understand the geology, tectonics, and hydrology of the Cascades in order to characterize and quantify geothermal resource potential. A major goal of the program is compilation of a comprehensive geologic map of the entire Cascade Range that incorporates modern field studies and that has a unified and internally consistent explanation.
\n\n
This map is one of a series presently being compiled that shows Cascade Range geology by fitting published and unpublished mapping into a province-wide scheme of lithostratigraphic units; map sheets of the Cascade Range in California and in Oregon complete the series. The complete series forms a guide to exploration and evaluation of the geothermal resources of the Cascade Range and will be useful for studies of volcanic hazards, volcanology, and tectonics.
\n\n
For geothermal reasons, the maps emphasize Quaternary volcanic rocks. Large igneous-related geothermal systems that have high temperatures are associated with Quaternary volcanic fields, and geothermal potential declines rapidly as age increases (Smith and Shaw, 1975). Most high-grade recoverable geothermal energy is likely to be associated with silicic volcanism less than 1 Ma. Lower grade (= lower temperature) geothermal resources may be associated with somewhat older rocks; however, volcanic rocks older than about 2 Ma are unlikely geothermal targets (Smith and Shaw, 1975).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2005","collaboration":"The digital database for this map is available as USGS Data Series 842","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., 1993, Geologic map of upper Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related rocks in the Cascade Range, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2005, Report: 19 p.; 2 Sheets: 173.33 x 150.68 inches and 27.25 x 40.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2005.","productDescription":"Report: 19 p.; 2 Sheets: 173.33 x 150.68 inches and 27.25 x 40.04 inches","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296285,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2005/"},{"id":296286,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2005/pdf/i2005_geomap_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"18.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296287,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2005/pdf/i2005_refmap_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"8.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107246,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10076.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10076"},{"id":256514,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2005/pdf/i2005_report.pdf","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2005/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1928","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,45.5 ], [ -123,49 ], [ -120,49 ], [ -120,45.5 ], [ -123,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68878f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":44534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":275697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18643,"text":"ofr9342 - 1993 - Effects of focused recharge on the transport of agricultural chemicals at the Princeton, Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T14:30:55","indexId":"ofr9342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-42","title":"Effects of focused recharge on the transport of agricultural chemicals at the Princeton, Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area, 1991-92","docAbstract":"Rates of water movement through the unsaturated zone greatly affect the amount and concentrations of agricultural chemicals that may reach the water table. For example, recharge can flush chemicals to the water table which have accumulated in the unsaturated zone during dry periods. A better understanding of how topography influences recharge and the movement of agricultural chemicals is needed. In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), with funding from the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, began studying the movement of water and agricultural chemicals to the water table at the Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) near Princeton, Minnesota.
\nThe primary objective of this four-year research study is to evaluate the effects of transient recharge, topography, and subsurface heterogeneities on the flux of water and agricultural chemicals to ground water. To achieve this objective the approach was to (1) install instruments to sample and measure the movement of water through the unsaturated zone beneath topographically high and low areas of a corn field; (2) conduct recharge and tracer tests in the field to evaluate the movement of water and agricultural chemicals at both topographic settings; and (3) simulate the field recharge and tracer tests in the laboratory. The primary research hypothesis was that the vertical flux of water and agricultural chemicals is greater in topographically low areas than in topographically high areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr9342","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., and Landon, M., 1993, Effects of focused recharge on the transport of agricultural chemicals at the Princeton, Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-42, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9342.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47982,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0042/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.69415283203125,\n 45.50923415869288\n ],\n [\n -93.69415283203125,\n 45.630365250117606\n ],\n [\n -93.47785949707031,\n 45.630365250117606\n ],\n [\n -93.47785949707031,\n 45.50923415869288\n ],\n [\n -93.69415283203125,\n 45.50923415869288\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6835b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19768,"text":"ofr9329 - 1993 - Hydrologic data-collection stations whose stream water quality data were available to prepare the 1990-91 National Water Summary on Stream Water Quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr9329","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-29","title":"Hydrologic data-collection stations whose stream water quality data were available to prepare the 1990-91 National Water Summary on Stream Water Quality","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9329","usgsCitation":"Lanfear, K., 1993, Hydrologic data-collection stations whose stream water quality data were available to prepare the 1990-91 National Water Summary on Stream Water Quality: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-29, 48 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9329.","productDescription":"48 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49240,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607244","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanfear, K.J.","contributorId":14392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanfear","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26070,"text":"wri934064 - 1993 - Simulated hydrologic responses of the Quashnet River stream-aquifer system to proposed ground-water withdrawals, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri934064","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4064","title":"Simulated hydrologic responses of the Quashnet River stream-aquifer system to proposed ground-water withdrawals, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"An investigation of the Quashnet River stream- aquifer system on Cape Cod was initiated in response to concern over possible streamflow reduction and degradation of the sea-run brown trout habitat of the river resulting from proposed ground-water withdrawals. A two-layer finite-difference ground-water-flow model was developed to simulate the stream-aquifer system. Steady-state pumping rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 million gallons per day were simulated at three well sites 1,500 to 2,500 feet west of the river. No infiltration of water from the river to the aquifer was induced in any of the simulations. Maximum streamflow depletion along the river for the scenarios tested ranged from 3 to 15 percent of calculated steady-state prepumping streamflow. Mean monthly streamflow depletions determined by use of the transient model, for a constant withdrawal of 1.0 million gallons per day from a site 1,500 feet west of the river, range from 6 to 8 percent of the mean monthly streamflows measured at a gage located 0.3 miles from the mouth of the river. A particle-tracking postprocessor to the steady-state model was used to delineate contributing areas of the river and the proposed withdrawal sites. Although the simulated cone of depression produced by pumping extends beyond the river, the contributing area of the well does not include the river under any of the withdrawal schemes simulated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934064","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Hess, K., 1993, Simulated hydrologic responses of the Quashnet River stream-aquifer system to proposed ground-water withdrawals, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4064, vi, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934064.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54845,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5cacdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, K.M.","contributorId":39415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18360,"text":"ofr92155 - 1993 - Hydrologic data for Block Island, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr92155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-155","title":"Hydrologic data for Block Island, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"This report was compiled as part of a study to assess the hydrogeology and the quality and quantity of fresh ground water on Block Island, Rhode Island. Hydrologic data were collected on Block Island during 1988-91. The data are pre- sented in illustrations and tables. Data collec- ted include precipitation, surfae-water, ground- water, lithologic, and well-construction and dis- charge information. Precipitation data include total monthly precipitation values from 11 rain gages and water-quality analyses of 14 precipi- tation samples from one station. Surface-water data include water-level measurements at 12 ponds, water-quality data for five ponds, and field specific-conductance measurements at 56 surface- water sites (streams, ponds, and springs). Ground- water data include water-level measurements at 159 wells, water-quality data at 150 wells, and field specific-conductance data at 52 wells. Lithologic logs for 375 wells and test borings, and construc- tion and location data for 570 wells, springs, and test borings are included. In addition, the data set contains data on water quality of water samples, collected by the Rhode Island Department of Health during 1976-91, from Fresh and Sands Ponds and from wells at the Block Island Water Company well field north of Sands Pond.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr92155","usgsCitation":"Burns, E., 1993, Hydrologic data for Block Island, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-155, v, 141 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92155.","productDescription":"v, 141 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0155/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47708,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0155/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47709,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f74c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Emily","contributorId":32555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Emily","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19695,"text":"ofr93114 - 1993 - Hydrogeologic, water-quality, and land-use data for the reconnaissance of herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers of the Midcontinental United States, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T14:25:56","indexId":"ofr93114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-114","title":"Hydrogeologic, water-quality, and land-use data for the reconnaissance of herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers of the Midcontinental United States, 1991","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected during the spring and summer of 1991 from 303 wells penetrating near-surface unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers of the midcontinental United States. Samples were analyzed for 11 herbicides, 2 dealkylated atrazine metabolites, and 4 nutrients. Specific conductance, pH, and dissolved-oxygen concentrations of the ground water were measured onsite. Ancillary data on well construction, hydrogeology, and land use also were obtained for each well.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr93114","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Burkart, M.R., and Thurman, E., 1993, Hydrogeologic, water-quality, and land-use data for the reconnaissance of herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers of the Midcontinental United States, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-114, iv, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93114.","productDescription":"iv, 61 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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These projects were done in cooperation with 13 State and local agencies, 11 other Federal agencies, and 1 International Commission. State and local cooperative funding amounted to about $1.1 million in fiscal year 1989 and $1 million in fiscal year 1990; Federal funding amounted to about $3.6 million in fiscal year 1989 and about $4.4 million in fiscal year 1990. In conducting its fiscal year 1989-90 activities, the Idaho District employed a total of 83 employees. Projects other than continuing programs for collection of hydrologic data included establishment of statewide surface-water and groundwater-quality monitoring networks; study of effects of irrigation drainage; development of a hydraulic model to determine water-surface elevations for decreased discharges of the Snake River at Swan Falls Dam; evaluation of subsurface waste disposal; delineation of agricultural areas of the State with high concentrations of dissolved nitrogen; evaluation of water use and its effect on groundwater levels and thermal waters in specific areas of the State; and determination of the cause or causes of rapidly decreasing hot-spring discharges along Hot Creek. 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In this report, Honey Lake Valley (also referred to as “the basin\") includes the entire area within the hydrographic boundary shown in figure 1. Susanville, Calif., in the northwestern part of the basin, is the largest town. Population is increasing rapidly in the Susanville area and in the Reno area of adjacent Washoe County, Nev. Lassen and Washoe Counties have identified water resources in Honey Lake Valley as a possible source to meet their needs for future development. An important component of an assessment of the availability of additional long-term supply is an appraisal of surface-water resources.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and the Nevada Division of Water Resources, began a hydrologic assessment of the area in 1987. The study was primarily an appraisal of ground-water resources, but it also included an assessment of surface-water resources. The purpose of this map report is to present the results of the surface-water assessment, including (1) a broad overview of surface-water conditions in the basin, (2) an estimate of mean annual streamflow to the valley floor, and (3) an evaluation of the characteristics of Honey lake. Results of the study related to ground-water resources of the basin are discussed in a separate report by Handman and others (1990) and are summarized in a short “Water Fact Sheet” by Handman (1990).
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdman, J. A.","contributorId":59786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, K. S. 0000-0001-8547-9804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":47779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29119,"text":"wri934128 - 1993 - Suspended sediment in San Francisco Bay Estuary, California: Recent history and available data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T14:23:02","indexId":"wri934128","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4128","title":"Suspended sediment in San Francisco Bay Estuary, California: Recent history and available data sets","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri934128","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., Noble, M., and Smith, R.E., 1993, Suspended sediment in San Francisco Bay Estuary, California: Recent history and available data sets: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4128, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934128.","productDescription":"35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4128/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57989,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 38.199338565983844\n ],\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 38.199338565983844\n ],\n [\n -123.0523681640625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68800b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. 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The District operates a wastewater-treatment plant that discharges through two forested wetland areas and a percolation-pond system into Reedy Creek. Discharges from these wetland systems provide a relatively steady base flow which maintains streamflow in Reedy Creek during periods of low rainfall. Streamflows during the study were characterized by relatively long periods of below-average discharge interspersed with periods of high discharges. The highest mean discharges were recorded in 1988 and the lowest mean discharges were recorded in 1989. Water-quality data collection included the operation of four continuous water-quality monitors recording hourly water temperature, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen concentration, and the collection of water-quality samples. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were similar for all stations on Reedy Creek and frequently were less than the minimum Florida standard of 5.0 mg/L. These low dissolved oxygen concentrations probably are the result of natural conditions. Nutrient analyses of water-quality samples were used to compute loadings into and out of a wetland conservation area in the southern part of the District and in the reach of Reedy Creek downstream from the wastewater discharges. Overall retention percentages for 1986-89, not including atmospheric and precipitation inputs, were 59.1 percent for total ammonia nitrogen: 3.4 percent for total organic nitrogen, which was the predominant nitrogen species: 33.2 percent for total nitrate nitrogen; 27.0 percent for total phosphorus; and 26.0 percent for total organic carbon. Highest loading inputs to the wetland conservation area were from the reach of Reedy Creek receiving wastewater discharge. Discharges from the wetlands receiving wastewater and entering the wetland conservation area during 1988 carried 16.3 percent of the total nitrogen load, and 25.0 percent of the total phosphorus load: during 1989 the discharges carried 22.0 percent of the total N and 21.0 percent of the total P.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934006","usgsCitation":"Hampson, P.S., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Reedy Creek in the Reedy Creek Improvement District, central Florida, 1986-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4006, vi, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934006.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4006/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4006/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604da7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampson, P. S.","contributorId":58677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29181,"text":"wri934051 - 1993 - Hydrology of two tidal marshes in North Carolina where open-marsh water management modifications have been implemented","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T19:36:46.962678","indexId":"wri934051","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4051","title":"Hydrology of two tidal marshes in North Carolina where open-marsh water management modifications have been implemented","docAbstract":"In 1988 and 1989, open-marsh water management modifications were implemented at tidal marshes near West Onslow Beach and Hobucken, North Carolina, as part of a pilot program to evaluate the effectiveness of ditching techniques as a mosquito-control method in open marshes. In 1984, before implementation of the modifications, a study was initiated to allow definition of the effects of those modifications on the hydrology of the marshes. Water levels in canals near the West Onslow Beach study marsh are controlled by periodic, gravitational tides. Daily maximum tides exceeded the elevation of the upper marsh surface 30% of the time before and 18% of the time after open-marsh water management. Daily maximum tides at this marsh exceeded the upper marsh surface 34% of the time before and 24% of the time after open-marsh water management. Variation in tidal conditions resulted in varying numbers and duration of floods at the study marshes. Duration analyses indicated relations between tide levels and marsh surface-water levels were unchanged after modifications. Groundwater movement through the marshes varies seasonally and is primarily vertical. Withdrawals are by evapotranspiration and recharge is by infiltration. During nongrowing months saturated conditions prevail. Groundwater flow to the marsh interior from the surrounding tidal canals was not detected during these declines. Changes in the natural variation in withdrawals from and recharge to groundwater were not indicated by the data collected during this study. Water levels in canals adjacent to the Hobucken study marsh are primarily controlled by wind-driven tides.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934051","usgsCitation":"Pope, B., 1993, Hydrology of two tidal marshes in North Carolina where open-marsh water management modifications have been implemented: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4051, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934051.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58050,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466141,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47776.htm","text":"Hobucken marsh","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466142,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47777.htm","text":"Onslow Beach marsh","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Hobucken","otherGeospatial":"West Onslow Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.54615625888958,\n 35.2444\n ],\n [\n -76.54615625888958,\n 35.233\n ],\n [\n -76.52548712233958,\n 35.233\n ],\n [\n -76.52548712233958,\n 35.2444\n ],\n [\n -76.54615625888958,\n 35.2444\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5333,\n 34.4542\n ],\n [\n -77.5333,\n 34.4417\n ],\n [\n -77.5167,\n 34.4417\n ],\n [\n -77.5167,\n 34.4542\n ],\n [\n -77.5333,\n 34.4542\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a38e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, B.F.","contributorId":10062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30414,"text":"wri914190 - 1993 - Ground-water hydrology of the lower Wolftever Creek basin, with emphasis on the Carson Spring area, Hamilton County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri914190","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4190","title":"Ground-water hydrology of the lower Wolftever Creek basin, with emphasis on the Carson Spring area, Hamilton County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"An investigation of the ground-water-flow system that supplies Carson Spring and the surrounding lower Wolftever Creek basin northeast of Chattanooga, Tennessee, was conducted from September 1986 through December 1989. About two-thirds of the lower basin is underlain by the Chepultepec Dolomite of Ordovician age. Test drilling within a few miles of the spring showed that numerous solution cavities have developed in this formation; many are partly or completely plugged with cherty gravels and mud. In the recharge area to the spring, the formation can provide yields of 100 to perhaps 600 gallons of water per minute to bedrock wells. A well that penetrated a well-integrated cavity system underlying Carson Spring was tested at 2,000 gallons per minute.\r\n\r\nFrom May 1987 through December 1989, mean daily withdrawals from four wells at Carson Spring ranged from 4.78 to 5.83 cubic feet per second; mean daily spring discharge, which includes withdrawals, ranged from 5.53 to 5.79 cubic feet per second. For a 16-month drought period during 1987 and 1988, withdrawals from these wells exceeded natural spring discharge, and demonstrates that for a period of many consecutive months, the aquifer supplying the spring is capable of yielding more water than the spring would have discharged under natural conditions.\r\n\r\nAlthough the lower basin encompasses 17 square miles, the Carson Spring recharge area probably is not greater than 9 square miles. Most water not captured by cavities supplying the spring is discharged to Wolftever Creek. In the lower basin, the rate of ground-water discharge to the creek is about twice the average rate of discharge (0.25 cubic foot per second per square mile of drainage area) to area streams.\r\n\r\nPrincipal constituents in ground water in the lower basin are calcium and bicarbonate, or calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. Specific conductance commonly ranges from 100 to 700 microsiemens per centimeter, and pH usually ranges from about 7 to 8. Overall, the ground water is of good quality and suitable for most uses. Several potential sources of degradation are present and arise from industrial, municipal, and domestic activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914190","usgsCitation":"Webster, D., and Carmichael, J.K., 1993, Ground-water hydrology of the lower Wolftever Creek basin, with emphasis on the Carson Spring area, Hamilton County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4190, v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914190.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2375,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_91_4190.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66842a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webster, D.A.","contributorId":44532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, J. K.","contributorId":90276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16922,"text":"ofr93448 - 1993 - Bibliography of Oklahoma hydrology; reports prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and principal cooperating agencies, 1901-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:12","indexId":"ofr93448","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-448","title":"Bibliography of Oklahoma hydrology; reports prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and principal cooperating agencies, 1901-93","docAbstract":"This bibliography lists reports on hydrology in Oklahoma prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and the principal State cooperating agencies, the Oklahoma Geological Survey and the Oklahoma Water Resources Board. Included are citations of about 550 reports, abstracts, and journal articles issued from 1901 through July 1993. The reports are listed by agency and report type, and are indexed by author, subject, and USGS report number.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93448","usgsCitation":"Havens, J.S., 1993, Bibliography of Oklahoma hydrology; reports prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and principal cooperating agencies, 1901-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-448, iv, 61 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93448.","productDescription":"iv, 61 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0448/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46034,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0448/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db62940a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havens, J. S. (compiler)","contributorId":65484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havens","given":"J.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27086,"text":"wri914107 - 1993 - Hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake in southeastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T14:32:14","indexId":"wri914107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4107","title":"Hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake in southeastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake-a recreational lake in a densely populated area of southeastern Wisconsin was studied from October 1, 1987 through September 30,1989.
\nA drought in 1988 affected the hydrologic budget of Wind Lake in water years 1988-89. Precipitation was 5.9 inches less than normal in water year 1988 but was 2.3 inches greater than normal in water year 1989. Streamflows were near normal in water year 1988 and 25 percent less than normal in water year 1989 as indicated by data from a nearby streamflow-gaging station. Surface runoff was the dominant source of water to the lake in water year 1988 and 75 percent of the inflow was from Big Muskego Lake.
\nThe water level in Big Muskego Lake was 1.1 feet below the dam crest at the start of the 1989 water year because of the 1988 drought. About 2,510 acre-feet of water had to fill Big Muskego Lake before water could discharge to Wind Lake. In water year 1989, surface runoff was still the dominant source of water to the lake, but Big Muskego Lake only contributed 52 percent of the water inflow.
\nStreamflow dominated the outflow budget for both years. In water year 1988, 88 percent of the outflow budget left by way of Wind Lake outlet and 12 percent evaporated from the lake surface. In water year 1989, 81 percent of the outflow budget left by way of Wind Lake outlet and 19 percent evaporated from the lake surface. On the basis of outflow from Wind Lake for water year 1988, the hydraulic residence time was 0.46 year; in water year 1989 it was 1.05 years.
\nThe total phosphorus input to Wind Lake from external sources was the same for both years, 3,160 pounds. The largest percentage of the phosphorus load came from Big Muskego Lake-- 70 percent in water year 1988 and 65 percent in water year 1989. Analysis of data by use of Vollenweider's model indicates that the phosphorus loadings for each year would cause eutrophic conditions. Data from a nearby gaging station indicate that phosphorus loading to Wind Lake was less than normal. Phosphorus retention in the lake is small and averages 14 percent of the incoming load for both years.
\nOxygen depletion occurs in the bottom waters during winter and summer months. A maximum anoxic zone was reached on July 18, 1988, when depths greater than 15 feet (about 21 percent of the lake bottom area) were anoxic.
\nTotal phosphorus concentrations at the lake surface for both years ranged from 11 to 78 micrograms per liter. Mean total phosphorus concentrations in June, July, and August that had averaged 49 micrograms per liter in 1985 through 1987 declined to 20 micrograms per liter in water year 1988 and 22 micrograms per liter in water year 1989. This reduction was related to the drought and reduced phosphorus loadings.
\nPhosphorus concentrations 1.5 feet above the lake bottom increase during summer anoxic periods. The phosphorus concentration increased at a rate of 5.2 and 4.8 micrograms per liter per day for total and dissolved orthophosphate phosphorus. A maximum concentration of 760 micrograms per liter of total phosphorus and 650 micrograms per liter of dissolved orthophosphate phosphorus occurred on September 21, 1988, just before autumn turnover. Internal loading of phosphorus for the period October 15, 1987 through October 14, 1988, was estimated to be 2,890 pounds. This represents 48 percent of the combined internal and external total-phosphorus input of 5,960 pounds.
\nAlgal populations in water year 1988 ranged from 28,200 to 1,610,000 cells per milliliter. A total of 143 species were identified. Blue-green algae dominated the algal population and ranged from 56 percent (February 16, 1988) to 99 percent (five other sampling dates). Aphanocapsa delicatissima caused the largest algal bloom, which reached a maximum concentration of 934,000 cells per milliliter (September 7, 1988).
\nZooplankton populations in water year 1988 ranged from 52.5 to 686 organisms per liter. Eighteen species were identified. The cladoceran, Daphnia, dominated 12 of the 18 samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wind Lake Management District","usgsCitation":"Field, S.J., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4107, vii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914107.","productDescription":"vii, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55952,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4107/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Big Muskego Lake, Littel Muskego Lake, Wind Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.21025848388672,\n 42.80018704068213\n ],\n [\n -88.21025848388672,\n 42.95340721665942\n ],\n [\n -88.0502700805664,\n 42.95340721665942\n ],\n [\n -88.0502700805664,\n 42.80018704068213\n ],\n [\n -88.21025848388672,\n 42.80018704068213\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e80f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, S. J.","contributorId":50540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}