We examined habitat selection by green turtles Chelonia mydas at Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA. We tracked 15 turtles (6 females and 9 males) using platform transmitter terminals (PTTs); 13 of these turtles were equipped with additional acoustic transmitters. Location data by PTTs comprised periods of 40 to 226 d in varying months from 2009 to 2012. Core areas were concentrated in shallow water (mean bathymetry depth of 7.7 m) with a comparably dense coverage of seagrass; however, the utilization distribution overlap index indicated a low degree of habitat sharing. The probability of detecting a turtle on an acoustic receiver was inversely associated with the distance from the receiver to turtle capture sites and was lower in shallower water. The estimated daily detection probability of a single turtle at a given acoustic station throughout the acoustic array was small (<0.1 in any year), and that of multiple turtle detections was even smaller. However, the conditional probability of multiple turtle detections, given at least one turtle detection at a receiver, was much higher despite the small number of tagged turtles in each year (n = 1 to 5). Also, multiple detections of different turtles at a receiver frequently occurred within a few minutes (40%, or 164 of 415, occurred within 1 min). Our numerical estimates of core area overlap, co-occupancy probabilities, and habitat characterization for green turtles could be used to guide conservation of the area to sustain the population of this species.
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Streamflow and groundwater data are verified throughout the year by USGS hydrographers and made available to water-resource managers, recreationists, and Federal, State, and local agencies. Hydrologic conditions are determined by comparing the statistical analyses of data collected during the current water year to historical data. Changing hydrologic conditions underscore the need for accurate, timely data to allow informed decisions about the management and conservation of Georgia’s water resources for agricultural, recreational, ecological, and water-supply needs and in protecting life and property.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
Poor understanding of the water cycle in tropical ecosystems has the potential to exacerbate water shortages and water crises in the region. We suggest that the Galápagos Islands provide an excellent proxy to regions across the tropics as a result of sharp hydroclimatic, anthropogenic, and pedohydrologic gradients across the archipelago. Hydroclimatic and pedohydrologic gradients are found across different elevations on single islands, as well as across the archipelago, whereas anthropogenic gradients reflect land use and land cover change across islands as population and growth in tourism have affected individual islands differently. This article highlights specific opportunities to further examine our understanding of the interactions between water and critical zone processes in tropical ecosystems, making connections between the Galápagos archipelago and much of the understudied tropics. The Galápagos archipelago offers a natural laboratory through which we can examine current threats to freshwater security as well as the dynamics of coupled natural and human systems.
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Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171122,"text":"70171122 - 2016 - Young of the year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) as a bioindicator of estuarine health: Establishing a new baseline for persistent organic pollutants after Hurricane Sandy for selected estuaries in New Jersey and New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:33:06","indexId":"70171122","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-31T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Young of the year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) as a bioindicator of estuarine health: Establishing a new baseline for persistent organic pollutants after Hurricane Sandy for selected estuaries in New Jersey and New York","docAbstract":"Atlantic coastal bays of the US are essential habitat for young of year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). Their residence in these estuaries during critical life stages, high lipid content, and piscivory make bluefish an ideal bioindicator species for evaluating estuarine health. Individual whole fish from four estuaries impacted by Hurricane Sandy were collected in August 2013, analyzed for a suite of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides and evaluated using health metrics. Concentrations in whole bluefish differed by estuary; however, concentrations for many POPs decreased or were similar to those observed prior to the hurricane. Prevalence of the ectoparasitic gill isopod (Lironeca ovalis) varied by estuary and no relationships between contaminants and lesions were observed. Bluefish should be considered for monitoring programs and, if sampled frequently, could be an effective bioindicator of incremental and episodic changes in contaminants within aquatic food webs.
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In 2015, the network included about 200 real-time streamgages (hereafter referred to as “gages”), 12 real-time reservoir-level monitoring stations, and 30 groundwater-level monitoring wells. These data and associated analyses provide a unique overview of hydrologic conditions and help improve the understanding of Kansas’s water resources.
Real-time data are verified by the USGS throughout the year with regular measurements of streamflow, lake levels, and groundwater levels. These data are used in protecting life and property; and managing water resources for agricultural, industrial, public supply, ecological, and recreational purposes. Yearly hydrologic conditions are characterized by comparing statistical analyses of current and historical water year (WY) data for the period of record. A WY is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30 and is designated by the year in which it ends.
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U.S. Geological Survey
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, Kansas 66049
Stand-replacing wildfires are a keystone disturbance in the boreal forest, and they are becoming more common as the climate warms. Paleo-fire archives from the wildland–urban interface can quantify the prehistoric fire regime and assess how both human land-use and climate change impact ecosystem dynamics. Here, we use a combination of a sedimentary charcoal record preserved in varved lake sediments (annually layered) and fire scars in living trees to document changes in local fire return intervals (FRIs) and regional fire activity over the last 500 years. Ace Lake is within the boreal forest, located near the town of Fairbanks in interior Alaska, which was settled by gold miners in AD 1902. In the 400 years before settlement, fires occurred near the lake on average every 58 years. After settlement, fires became much more frequent (average every 18 years), and background charcoal flux rates rose to four times their preindustrial levels, indicating a region-wide increase in burning. Despite this surge in burning, the preindustrial boreal forest ecosystem and permafrost in the watershed have remained intact. Although fire suppression has reduced charcoal influx since the 1950s, an aging fuel load experiencing increasingly warm summers may pose management problems for this and other boreal sites that have similar land-use and fire histories. The large human-caused fire events that we identify can be used to test how increasingly common megafires may alter ecosystem dynamics in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publications","doi":"10.1177/0959683616632893","usgsCitation":"Gaglioti, B.V., Mann, D.H., Jones, B.M., Wooller, M.J., and Finney, B., 2016, High-resolution records detect human-caused changes to the boreal forest wildfire regime in interior Alaska: The Holocene, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1064-1074, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683616632893.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1064","endPage":"1074","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069309","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ace Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.00918579101562,\n 64.84572695664546\n ],\n [\n -148.00918579101562,\n 64.8674620028723\n ],\n [\n -147.92352676391602,\n 64.8674620028723\n ],\n [\n -147.92352676391602,\n 64.84572695664546\n ],\n [\n -148.00918579101562,\n 64.84572695664546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fceb6de4b0a6037df29e37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaglioti, Benjamin V. 0000-0003-0591-5253 bgaglioti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-5253","contributorId":4521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaglioti","given":"Benjamin","email":"bgaglioti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":67010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooller, Matthew J.","contributorId":81039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finney, Bruce P.","contributorId":88074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finney","given":"Bruce P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170433,"text":"70170433 - 2016 - Scripting MODFLOW model development using Python and FloPy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T13:43:28","indexId":"70170433","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-30T07:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scripting MODFLOW model development using Python and FloPy","docAbstract":"Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are commonly used to construct and postprocess numerical groundwater flow and transport models. Scripting model development with the programming language Python is presented here as an alternative approach. One advantage of Python is that there are many packages available to facilitate the model development process, including packages for plotting, array manipulation, optimization, and data analysis. For MODFLOW-based models, the FloPy package was developed by the authors to construct model input files, run the model, and read and plot simulation results. Use of Python with the available scientific packages and FloPy facilitates data exploration, alternative model evaluations, and model analyses that can be difficult to perform with GUIs. Furthermore, Python scripts are a complete, transparent, and repeatable record of the modeling process. The approach is introduced with a simple FloPy example to create and postprocess a MODFLOW model. A more complicated capture-fraction analysis with a real-world model is presented to demonstrate the types of analyses that can be performed using Python and FloPy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12413","usgsCitation":"Bakker, M., Post, V., Langevin, C.D., Hughes, J.D., White, J.T., Starn, J., and Fienen, M., 2016, Scripting MODFLOW model development using Python and FloPy: Groundwater, v. 54, no. 5, p. 733-739, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12413.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"739","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069750","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57209138e4b071321fe65690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, Mark","contributorId":56137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakker","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, Vincent E. A.","contributorId":166764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"Vincent E. A.","affiliations":[{"id":24501,"text":"National Centre for Groundwater Reserach and Training, Flinders Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. 0000-0002-4950-1469 jwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-1469","contributorId":167708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Starn, Jeffrey jjstarn@usgs.gov","contributorId":149231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starn","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jjstarn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70174175,"text":"70174175 - 2016 - Salinity and temperature tolerance of an emergent alien species, the Amazon fish Astronotus ocellatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T13:56:06","indexId":"70174175","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salinity and temperature tolerance of an emergent alien species, the Amazon fish Astronotus ocellatus","docAbstract":"Astronotus ocellatus (oscar), is native to the Amazon basin and, although it has been introduced to many countries, little is known regarding its tolerances for salinity and temperature. In this report, we provide data on the tolerance of A. ocellatus to abrupt and gradual changes in salinity, its high and low temperature tolerance, and information on how salinity, temperature, and fish size interact to affect survival. Fish were able to survive abrupt transfer to salinities as high as 16 ppt with no mortality. When salinity change was gradual (2 ppt/day), fish in the warm-temperature experiment (28°C) survived longer than fish in the cool-temperature experiment (18°C). Larger fish survived longer than smaller ones at the higher salinities when the temperature was warm, but when the temperature was cool fish size had little effect on survival. In the temperature-tolerance experiments, fish survived from 9 to 41°C for short periods of time. Overall, the species showed a wide range of temperature and salinity tolerance. Thus, in spite of the tropical freshwater origin of this species, physiological stress is not likely to hinder its dispersal to brackish waters, especially when temperatures are warm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, New York","doi":"10.1007/s10750-016-2740-8","usgsCitation":"Gutierrel, S.M., Schofield, P.J., and Prodocimo, V., 2016, Salinity and temperature tolerance of an emergent alien species, the Amazon fish Astronotus ocellatus: Hydrobiologia, v. 777, no. 1, p. 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2740-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068532","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324519,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2740-8"}],"country":"Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Venezuela,","otherGeospatial":"Northern South America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -49.92187499999999,\n -0.17578097424708533\n ],\n [\n -49.92187499999999,\n -2.1967272417616583\n ],\n [\n -50.361328125,\n -4.653079918274038\n ],\n [\n -52.470703125,\n -9.188870084473393\n ],\n [\n -55.01953125,\n -13.068776734357682\n ],\n [\n -55.54687499999999,\n -15.284185114076433\n ],\n [\n -55.634765625,\n -16.720385051693988\n ],\n [\n -60.64453125000001,\n -18.312810846425432\n ],\n [\n -64.248046875,\n -18.312810846425432\n ],\n [\n -67.32421875,\n -17.72775860985227\n ],\n [\n -69.60937499999999,\n -16.63619187839765\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n -15.114552871944102\n ],\n [\n -74.1796875,\n -14.519780046326085\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n -13.068776734357682\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n -10.833305983642491\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n -9.015302333420586\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n -6.751896464843375\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n -5.0909441750333855\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n -3.2502085616531686\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n -0.8788717828324148\n ],\n [\n -72.50976562499999,\n 1.142502403706165\n ],\n [\n -69.08203125,\n 1.845383988573187\n ],\n [\n -63.54492187500001,\n 1.6696855009865839\n ],\n [\n -61.083984375,\n 0.4394488164139768\n ],\n [\n -57.65624999999999,\n 0.17578097424708533\n ],\n [\n -49.92187499999999,\n -0.17578097424708533\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"777","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb6e4b07657d1a90d47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrel, Silvia M M","contributorId":172503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierrel","given":"Silvia","email":"","middleInitial":"M M","affiliations":[{"id":27057,"text":"Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797 pschofield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":168659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela","email":"pschofield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prodocimo, Viviane","contributorId":172504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prodocimo","given":"Viviane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27057,"text":"Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168800,"text":"sir20165026 - 2016 - Simulation of groundwater storage changes in the eastern Pasco Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-22T14:07:29","indexId":"sir20165026","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-29T18:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5026","title":"Simulation of groundwater storage changes in the eastern Pasco Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"The Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group and younger sedimentary deposits of lacustrine, fluvial, eolian, and cataclysmic-flood origins compose the aquifer system of the Pasco Basin in eastern Washington. Irrigation return flow and canal leakage from the Columbia Basin Project have caused groundwater levels to rise substantially in some areas, contributing to landslides along the Columbia River. Water resource managers are considering extraction of additional stored groundwater to supply increasing demand and possibly mitigate problems caused by the increased water levels. To help address these concerns, the transient groundwater model of the Pasco Basin documented in this report was developed to quantify the changes in groundwater flow and storage. The MODFLOW model uses a 1-kilometer finite-difference grid and is constrained by logs and water levels from 846 wells in the study area. Eight model layers represent five sedimentary hydrogeologic units and underlying basalt formations. Head‑dependent flux boundaries represent the Columbia and Snake Rivers to the west and south, respectively, underflow to and (or) from adjacent areas to the northeast, and discharge to agricultural drains, springs, and groundwater withdrawal wells. Specified flux boundaries represent recharge from infiltrated precipitation and anthropogenic sources, including irrigation return flow and leakage from water-distribution canals. The model was calibrated with the parameter‑estimation code PEST++ to groundwater levels measured from 1907 through 2013 and measured discharge to springs and estimated discharge to agricultural drains. Increased recharge since pre-development resulted in a 6.8 million acre-feet increase in storage in the 508-14 administrative area of the Pasco Basin. Four groundwater-management scenarios simulate the 7-year drawdown resulting from withdrawals in different locations. Withdrawals of 2 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) from a hypothetical well field in the upper Ringold Formation along the Columbia River could generate 30–70 feet of drawdown, which may reduce landslide susceptibility along the White Bluffs. Drawdowns resulting from a 1 Mgal/d withdrawal from wells screened in either Pasco gravels, upper Ringold Formation, or both Ringold Formation and underlying basalt are simulated in the other three scenarios, and differ because of the contrasting hydraulic conductivities within the screened intervals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C.E., Kahle, S.C., Olsen, T.D., Patterson, J.D., and Burns, Erick, 2016, Simulation of groundwater storage changes in the eastern Pasco Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5026, 44 p., 1 pl., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165026.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 44 p.; Plate; Table","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-069891","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319591,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5026/sir20165026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5026"},{"id":319590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5026/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319592,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5026/sir20165026_plate01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"10.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5026 Plate 1"},{"id":319593,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5026/sir20165026_table07.xlsx","text":"Table 7","size":"96 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5026 Table 7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Adams County, Franklin County, Grant County","otherGeospatial":"Pasco Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 47.00273390667881\n ],\n [\n -118.49304199218749,\n 46.998987638154624\n ],\n [\n -118.50952148437499,\n 46.195042108660154\n ],\n [\n -118.7347412109375,\n 46.09228143052649\n ],\n [\n -118.9434814453125,\n 46.00459325574482\n ],\n [\n -119.344482421875,\n 46.00840867976965\n ],\n [\n -119.59716796875,\n 46.038922598236\n ],\n [\n -119.73999023437499,\n 46.33555079758302\n ],\n [\n -119.9871826171875,\n 46.49082901981415\n ],\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 47.00273390667881\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
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934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
Efforts to assess the likelihood of groundwater contamination from surface-derived compounds have spanned more than three decades. Relatively few of these assessments, however, have involved the use of process-based simulations of contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface, or compared the predictions from such models with measured data—especially over regional to national scales. To address this need, a process-based groundwater vulnerability assessment (P-GWAVA) system was constructed to use transport-and-fate simulations to predict the concentration of any surface-derived compound at a specified depth in the vadose zone anywhere in the conterminous United States. The system was then used to simulate the concentrations of selected agrichemicals in the vadose zone beneath agricultural areas in multiple locations across the conterminous United States. The simulated concentrations were compared with measured concentrations of the compounds detected in shallow groundwater (that is, groundwater drawn from within a depth of 6.3 ± 0.5 meters [mean ± 95 percent confidence interval] below the water table) in more than 1,400 locations across the United States. The results from these comparisons were used to select the simulation approaches that led to the closest agreement between the simulated and the measured concentrations.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, V.A","doi":"10.3133/sir20145189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Barbash, J.E., and Voss, F.D., 2016, Design and testing of a process-based groundwater vulnerability assessment (P-GWAVA) system for predicting concentrations of agrichemicals in groundwater across the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5189, 210 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20145189.","productDescription":"xvi, 210 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044178","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316519,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5189/sir20145189.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.9 MB","description":"SIR 2014-5189 Report 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U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
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http://wa.water.usgs.gov
Total nitrogen loads at 14 water-quality monitoring stations were calculated by using discrete measurements of total nitrogen and continuous streamflow data for the period 2005–13 (water years 2006–13). Total nitrogen loads were calculated by using the LOADEST computer program.
Overall, for water years 2006–13, streamflow in Connecticut was generally above normal. Total nitrogen yields ranged from 1,160 to 23,330 pounds per square mile per year. Total nitrogen loads from the French River at North Grosvenordale and the Still River at Brookfield Center, Connecticut, declined noticeably during the study period. An analysis of the bias in estimated loads indicated unbiased results at all but one station, indicating generally good fit for the LOADEST models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mullaney, J.R., 2016, Nitrogen loads from selected rivers in the Long Island Sound Basin, 2005–13, Connecticut and Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1007, 14 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161007.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; Table 2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070502","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1007/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":319224,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1007/ofr20161007.pdf","size":"6.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1007"},{"id":319225,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1007/ofr20161007_table2.xlsx","text":"Table 2. Total nitrogen load and yield and selected regression model and flux-bias diagnostics for each water-quality monitoring station, Long Island Sound Basin, water years 2006–13.","size":"22.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1007"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.4820556640625,\n 42.17561739661684\n ],\n [\n -71.806640625,\n 42.12674735753131\n ],\n [\n -71.8011474609375,\n 41.31907562295136\n ],\n [\n -72.3834228515625,\n 41.25716209782705\n ],\n [\n -72.93823242187499,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -73.65234375,\n 40.992337919312284\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 41.10005163093046\n ],\n [\n -73.4930419921875,\n 41.21998578493921\n ],\n [\n -73.56994628906249,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -73.4820556640625,\n 42.17561739661684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
101 Pitkin Street
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Or Visit our Web site at:
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With climate change becoming more of concern, many ecologists are including climate variables in their system and statistical models. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is a drought index that has potential advantages in modeling ecological response variables, including a flexible computation of the index over different timescales. However, little development has been made in terms of the choice of timescale for SPEI. We developed a Bayesian modeling approach for estimating the timescale for SPEI and demonstrated its use in modeling wetland hydrologic dynamics in two different eras (i.e., historical [pre-1970] and contemporary [post-2003]). Our goal was to determine whether differences in climate between the two eras could explain changes in the amount of water in wetlands. Our results showed that wetland water surface areas tended to be larger in wetter conditions, but also changed less in response to climate fluctuations in the contemporary era. We also found that the average timescale parameter was greater in the historical period, compared with the contemporary period. We were not able to determine whether this shift in timescale was due to a change in the timing of wet–dry periods or whether it was due to changes in the way wetlands responded to climate. Our results suggest that perhaps some interaction between climate and hydrologic response may be at work, and further analysis is needed to determine which has a stronger influence. Despite this, we suggest that our modeling approach enabled us to estimate the relevant timescale for SPEI and make inferences from those estimates. Likewise, our approach provides a mechanism for using prior information with future data to assess whether these patterns may continue over time. We suggest that ecologists consider using temporally scalable climate indices in conjunction with Bayesian analysis for assessing the role of climate in ecological systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.2092","usgsCitation":"Post van der Burg, M., Anteau, M.J., McCauley, L.A., and Wiltermuth, M.T., 2016, A Bayesian approach for temporally scaling climate for modeling ecological systems: Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 9, p. 2978-2987, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2092.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2978","endPage":"2987","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063141","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2092","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fceaabe4b0a6037df29c96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Post van der Burg, Max 0000-0002-3943-4194 maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-4194","contributorId":4947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCauley, Lisa A. lmccauley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCauley","given":"Lisa","email":"lmccauley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":625617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169223,"text":"ofr20161049 - 2016 - Evaluation of Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) and snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) nesting on modified islands at the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, California—2015 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T17:15:17","indexId":"ofr20161049","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-24T19:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1049","title":"Evaluation of Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) and snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) nesting on modified islands at the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, California—2015 Annual Report","docAbstract":"In order to address the 2008/10 NOAA Fisheries Biological Opinion for operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) have developed and begun implementation of Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) management plans. This implementation includes relocating nesting Caspian terns out of the Columbia River estuary and the mid-Columbia River region to reduce predation on salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act. USACE and Reclamation developed Caspian tern nesting habitat at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (DENWR), California prior to the 2015 nesting season. Further, to reduce or eliminate potential conflicts between nesting Caspian terns and threatened western snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus), nesting habitat for snowy plovers also was developed. Seven recently constructed islands within two managed ponds (Ponds A16 and SF2) of DENWR were modified to provide habitat attractive to nesting Caspian terns (5 islands), and snowy plovers (2 islands). These seven islands were a subset of 46 islands recently constructed in Ponds A16 and SF2 to provide waterbird nesting habitat as part of the South Bay Salt Pond (SBSP) Restoration Project.
\nWe used social attraction methods (decoys and electronic call systems) to attract Caspian terns and snowy plovers to these seven modified islands, and conducted surveys between March and September 2015 to evaluate nest numbers, nest density, and productivity. Results from the 2015 nesting season indicate that island modifications and social attraction measures were successful in establishing Caspian tern breeding colonies at Ponds A16 and SF2 of DENWR. Caspian terns nested on three of the five islands modified for Caspian terns (1 island in Pond A16 and 2 islands in Pond SF2). Caspian terns initiated at least 224 nests, fledged at least 174 chicks, and exhibited a breeding success rate of 0.78 fledged chicks/breeding pair. These results are promising considering it was the first year of the study and there was no prior history of Caspian terns nesting at Ponds A16 and SF2. In contrast, snowy plovers did not attempt to nest on any island in Ponds A16 and SF2. These results demonstrate the potential of social attraction measures to help establish tern nesting colonies in San Francisco Bay. Social attraction measures similar to those used in this study, but targeting other species such as Forster’s terns and American avocets, may help to establish waterbird breeding colonies at wetlands enhanced as part of the SBSP Restoration Project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161049","collaboration":"Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hartman, C.A., Ackerman, J.T., Herzog, M.P., Strong, C., Trachtenbarg, D., Sawyer, K.A., and Shore, C.A., 2016, Evaluation of Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) and snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) nesting on modified islands at the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, California—2015 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1049, 36 p., http//dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161049.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072856","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
http://www.werc.usgs.gov/
The terminus of a stream flowing into a larger river, pond, lake, or reservoir is referred to as the stream-mouth reach or simply the stream mouth. The terminus is often characterized by rapidly changing thermal and hydraulic conditions that result in abrupt shifts in surface water/groundwater (sw/gw) exchange patterns, creating the potential for unique biogeochemical processes and ecosystems. Worldwide shoreline development is changing stream-lake interfaces through channelization of stream mouths, i.e., channel straightening and bank stabilization to prevent natural meandering at the shoreline. In the central Sierra Nevada (USA), Lake Tahoe's shoreline has an abundance of both “unmodified” (i.e., not engineered though potentially impacted by broader watershed engineering) and channelized stream mouths. Two representative stream mouths along the lake's north shore, one channelized and one unmodified, were selected to compare and contrast water and heat exchanges. Hydraulic and thermal properties were monitored during separate campaigns in September 2012 and 2013 and sw/gw exchanges were estimated within the stream mouth-shoreline continuum. Heat-flow and water-flow patterns indicated clear differences in the channelized versus the unmodified stream mouth. For the channelized stream mouth, relatively modulated, cool-temperature, low-velocity longitudinal streambed flows discharged offshore beneath warmer buoyant lakeshore water. In contrast, a seasonal barrier bar formed across the unmodified stream mouth, creating higher-velocity subsurface flow paths and higher diurnal temperature variations relative to shoreline water. As a consequence, channelization altered sw/gw exchanges potentially altering biogeochemical processing and ecological systems in and near the stream mouth.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015WR017013","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., Naranjo, R.C., Niswonger, R.G., Allander, K.K., Neilson, B., Rosenberry, D.O., Smith, D.W., Rosecrans, C., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2016, Groundwater exchanges near a channelized versus unmodified stream mouth discharging to a subalpine lake: Water Resources Research, v. 52, no. 3, p. 2157-2177, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017013.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2157","endPage":"2177","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061592","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319737,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":471125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Santa Cruz, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
The Offshore of Santa Cruz map area is located in central California, on the Pacific Coast about 98 km south of San Francisco. The city of Santa Cruz (population, about 63,000), the largest incorporated city in the map area and the county seat of Santa Cruz County, lies on uplifted marine terraces between the shoreline and the northwest-trending Santa Cruz Mountains, part of California’s Coast Ranges. All of California’s State Waters in the map area is part of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary.
The map area is cut by an offshore section of the San Gregorio Fault Zone, and it lies about 20 kilometers southwest of the San Andreas Fault Zone. Regional folding and uplift along the coast has been attributed to a westward bend in the San Andreas Fault Zone and to right-lateral movement along the San Gregorio Fault Zone. Most of the coastal zone is characterized by low, rocky cliffs and sparse, small pocket beaches backed by low, terraced hills. Point Santa Cruz, which forms the north edge of Monterey Bay, provides protection for the beaches in the easternmost part of the map area by sheltering them from the predominantly northwesterly waves.
The shelf in the map area is underlain by variable amounts (0 to 25 m) of upper Quaternary shelf, estuarine, and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene. The inner shelf is characterized by bedrock outcrops that have local thin sediment cover, the result of regional uplift, high wave energy, and limited sediment supply. The midshelf occupies part of an extensive, shore-parallel mud belt. The thickest sediment deposits, inferred to consist mainly of lowstand nearshore deposits, are found in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the map area.
Coastal sediment transport in the map area is characterized by northwest-to-southeast littoral transport of sediment that is derived mainly from ephemeral streams in the Santa Cruz Mountains and also from local coastal-bluff erosion. During the last approximately 300 years, as much as 18 million cubic yards (14 million cubic meters) of sand-sized sediment has been eroded from the area between Año Nuevo Island and Point Año Nuevo and transported south; this mass of eroded sand is now enriching beaches in the map area. Sediment transport is within the Santa Cruz littoral cell, which terminates in the submarine Monterey Canyon.
Benthic species observed in the Offshore of Santa Cruz map area are natives of the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from southern British Columbia to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 300 km south of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off of central California has experienced a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift away from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high-wave-energy environments. The kelp beds are the northernmost known habitat for the population of southern sea otters. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of rockfish and greenling.
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Cochran, eds.), 2016, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Santa Cruz, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1024, pamphlet 40 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161024.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 40 p.; 10 Sheets: 60.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Data Catalog; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058743","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438627,"rank":21,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TM785G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog--Offshore of Santa Cruz, California"},{"id":318983,"rank":19,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20161025","text":"Open-File Report 2016–1025","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Aptos, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":318982,"rank":18,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20151191","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1191","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Scott Creek, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":318981,"rank":17,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20151232","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1232","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Pigeon Point, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."},{"id":318978,"rank":14,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7TM785G","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “Data Catalog—Offshore of Santa Cruz, California,” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog. Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":318971,"rank":9,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet9.pdf","text":"Sheet 9","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 9 PDF","linkHelpText":"Local (Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area) and Regional (Offshore from Pigeon Point to Southern Monterey Bay) Shallow-Subsurface Geology and Structure, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, Janet T. Watt, Ray W. Sliter, and Katherine L. Maier"},{"id":318969,"rank":7,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 7 PDF","linkHelpText":"Potential Marine Benthic Habitats, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Bryan E. Dieter, Charles A. Endris, H. Gary Greene, and Mercedes D. Erdey"},{"id":318968,"rank":6,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 6 PDF","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":318967,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 5 PDF","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. Cochrane"},{"id":318966,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 4 PDF","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":318965,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 3 PDF","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell, Andrew C. Ritchie, and David P. 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Finlayson"},{"id":318979,"rank":15,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"},{"id":318972,"rank":10,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1024/ofr20161024_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1024 Sheet 10 PDF","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Santa Cruz Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Clifton W. Davenport"},{"id":318980,"rank":16,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3306/","text":"Scientific Investigations Map 3306","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of San Gregorio, California, by Guy R. Cochrane and others."}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Cruz","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.1997,\n 36.8425\n ],\n [\n -122.0333,\n 36.8425\n ],\n [\n -122.0333,\n 37.0033\n ],\n [\n -122.1997,\n 37.0033\n ],\n [\n -122.1997,\n 36.8425\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
Traditional downstream guidance and bypass facilities for anadromous fishes (i.e., surface bypasses, surface guidance structures, and behavioral barriers) have frequently been ineffective for anguillid eels. Because eels typically spend the majority of their time near the bottom in the vicinity of intake structures, deep bypass structures with entrances near the bottom hold promise for increased effectiveness, thereby aiding in the recovery of this important species. A new design of a deep bypass system that uses airlift technology (the Conte Airlift Bypass) to induce flow in a bypass pipe was tested in a simulated intake entrance environment under controlled laboratory conditions. Water velocities of 0.9–1.5 m s−1 could be generated at the bypass entrance (opening with 0.073 m2 area), with corresponding flows through the bypass pipe of 0.07–0.11 m3 s−1. Gas saturation and hydrostatic pressure within the bypass pipe did not vary appreciably from a control (no air) condition under tested airflows. Migratory silver-phase American eels (Anguilla rostrata) tested during dark conditions readily located, entered, and passed through the bypass; initial avoidance rates (eels approaching but not entering the bypass entrance) were lower at higher entrance velocities. Eels that investigated the bypass pipe entrance tended to enter headfirst, but those that then exited the pipe upstream did so more frequently at lower entrance velocities. Eels appeared to swim against the flow while being transported downstream through the pipe; median transit times through the bypass for each test velocity ranged from 5.8 to 12.2 s, with transit time decreasing with increasing entrance velocity. Eels did not show strong avoidance of the vertical section of the pipe which contained injected air. No mortality or injury of bypassed eels was observed, and individual eels repeatedly passed through the bypass at rates of up to 40 passes per hour, suggesting that individuals do not avoid repeated entrainment through the bypass. Airlift technology appears to be a viable method for increasing passage effectiveness for American eels through a deep bypass system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.02.028","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Haro, A.J., Watten, B.J., and Noreika, J., 2016, Passage of downstream migrant American eels through an airlift-assisted deep bypass: Ecological Engineering, v. 91, p. 545-552, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.02.028.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"552","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068556","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f66191e4b07d796bf770ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, Alexander J. 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":2917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":623845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noreika, John 0000-0002-6637-5812 jnoreika@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-5812","contributorId":167858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"John","email":"jnoreika@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":623847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169089,"text":"ofr20161025 - 2016 - California State Waters map series — Offshore of Aptos, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T21:53:25.984625","indexId":"ofr20161025","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-23T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1025","title":"California State Waters map series — Offshore of Aptos, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar bathymetric data (the undersea equivalent of satellite remote-sensing data in terrestrial mapping), acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Aptos map area is located on the Pacific Coast, on the north side of Monterey Bay, about 105 km southeast of San Francisco. The largest incorporated city in the map area, Capitola, and numerous unincorporated towns including Aptos, lie on uplifted marine terraces between the shoreline, and the northwest-trending Santa Cruz Mountains, part of California’s Coast Ranges. The map area includes the northernmost part of Santa Cruz Harbor, and Moss Landing Harbor is located about 10 km south of the map area. The offshore part of the map area is entirely within California’s State Waters and is also part of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. In the southern part of the map area, the Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area extends eastward from the limit of California’s State Waters across Soquel Canyon.
\nThe Offshore of Aptos map area is on the western margin of North American Plate—the only continental margin in the world delineated largely by transform faults. The San Andreas Fault Zone cuts through the Santa Cruz Mountains just 3.5 km northeast of the map area. The San Gregorio Fault Zone, another major plate-boundary structure, cuts through Monterey Canyon about 13 km southwest of the map area. Ongoing deformation associated with and between these major fault zones has uplifted the Santa Cruz Mountains and formed well-developed sets of marine terraces that characterize almost the entire coastal zone of the map area.
\nThe offshore part of the map area consists of relatively flat and shallow continental shelf which is underlain by variable amounts (0 to 30 m) of upper Quaternary shelf, estuarine, and fluvial sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene. Along the southern edge of the map area, the shelf is incised by the head of Soquel Canyon, a northeast-trending tributary to the west-trending Monterey Canyon. During the last sea-level lowstand (the Last Glacial Maximum [LGM], about 21,000 years ago) Soquel Creek flowed through a paleochannel across the emergent shelf into the head of Soquel Canyon. This canyon was disconnected from its onshore watershed during the post-LGM sea-level rise of about 125 m; the abandoned paleochannel was subsequently filled with marine sediment. Coastal sediment in the Offshore of Aptos map area is supplied by coastal watersheds and bluff erosion. Sediment transport in this part of the Santa Cruz littoral cell is primarily from the northwest to the southeast and terminates in the submarine Monterey Canyon. Longshore drift is impeded by jetties at Santa Cruz Harbor, resulting in high beach erosion rates east of the harbor. Sediment dredged from the harbor mouth (estimated 300,000 yds3/yr) is currently being used to nourish beaches directly to the east. Farther downcoast, the rapidly eroding beach at Capitola was stabilized by construction of an about 75-m-long groin.
\nThis part of central California is exposed to large North Pacific swells from the northwest throughout the year. North Pacific swell heights range from 2 to 10 meters, with larger swells occurring from October to May. During El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, winter storms track farther south than they do in normal (non-ENSO) years, thereby impacting the map area more frequently and with waves of larger heights. Bedrock exposed in coastal cliffs is relatively erosion-resistant, and significant erosional events primarily are restricted to storm-wave activity that also erodes the overlying unconsolidated marine-terrace sediments.
\nThe Offshore of Aptos map area lies within the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian” province or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from southern British Columbia to Baja California. At its midpoint off central California, the California Current transports subarctic surface (0–500 m deep) waters southward, about 150 to 1,300 km from shore. Seasonal northwesterly winds that are, in part, responsible for the California Current, generate coastal upwelling. The south end of the Oregonian province is at Point Conception (about 310 km southeast of the map area), although its associated phylogeographic group of marine fauna may extend beyond to the area offshore of Los Angeles in southern California. The ocean off of central California has experienced a warming over the last 50 years that is driving an ecosystem shift away from the productive subarctic regime towards a depopulated subtropical environment.
\nSeafloor habitats in the Offshore of Aptos map area lie within the “Shelf” Megahabitat class and include patchy rocky habitats, gravel-rich scour depressions, minor bedrock habitat, and predominantly sandy inner shelf. Sandy shelf habitats grade offshore to mud-dominated habitats on the midshelf in deeper water. Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. In addition, an observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. California sea lions and Pacific harbor seals are abundant in the map area. Common bottlenose dolphins are often observed very close to shore and in the surf zone. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high-wave-energy environments. The kelp beds are the northernmost known habitat for the population of southern sea otters. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include blue rockfish, black rockfish, olive rockfish, kelp rockfish, gopher rockfish, black-and-yellow rockfish, painted greenling, kelp greenling, and lingcod.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161025","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Dieter, B.E., Golden, N.E., Hartwell, S.R., Ritchie, A.C., Kvitek, R.G., Maier, K.L., Endris, C.A., Davenport, C.W., Watt, J.T., Sliter, R.W., Finlayson, D.P., and Krigsman, L.M. (G.R. Cochrane and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2016, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Aptos, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1025, pamphlet 43 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161025.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 43 p.; 10 Sheets: 55.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Data Catalog; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059274","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438628,"rank":21,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7K35RQB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog--Offshore of Aptos, California"},{"id":318989,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20151191","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1191,","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Scott Creek, California, by Guy R. 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Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."},{"id":318988,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/","text":"Data Series 781","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog"},{"id":319000,"rank":17,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1025/ofr20161025_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1025 Sheet 8 PDF","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Aptos Map Area, California By Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Ray W. Sliter"},{"id":318990,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151232","text":"Open-File Report 2015–1232,","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Pigeon Point, California, by Guy R. 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Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/
A 6-month deployment of instrumentation from April to October 2012 in 90 m water depth near the outer edge of the mid-shelf mud belt in southern Monterey Bay, California, reveals the importance regional upwelling on water column density structure, potentially accounting for the majority of the variability in internal tidal energy flux across the shelf. Observations consisted of time-series measurements of water-column currents, temperature and salinity, and near-bed currents and suspended matter. The internal tide accounted for 15–25% of the water-column current variance and the barotropic tide accounted for up to 35%. The subtidal flow showed remarkably little shear and was dominated by the 7–14 day band, which is associated with relaxations in the dominant equatorward winds typical of coastal California in the spring and summer. Upwelling and relaxation events resulted in strong near-bed flows and accounted for almost half of the current stress on the seafloor (not accounting for wave orbital velocities), and may have driven along-shelf geostrophic flow during steady state conditions. Several elevated suspended particulate matter (SPM) events occurred within 3 m of the bed and were generally associated with higher, long-period surface waves. However, these peaks in SPM did not coincide with the predicted resuspension events from the modeled combined wave–current shear stress, indicating that the observed SPM at our site was most likely resuspended elsewhere and advected along-isobath. Sediment flux was almost equal in magnitude in the alongshore and cross-shore directions. Instances of wave–current shear stress that exceeded the threshold of resuspension for the silty-clays common at these water depths only occurred when near-bed orbital velocities due to long-period surface waves coincided with vigorous near-bed currents associated with the internal tide or upwelling/relaxation events. Thus upwelling/relaxation dynamics are primarily responsible for variability in the internal tide, as well as transport of near-bottom sediment in the mid-self mud belt during the relatively quiescent summer months.
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We measured plant-available phosphorus (Mehlich-3: MeP) in soil samples, and assessed the vascular plant community and habitat degradation at 27 emergent and 13 forested wetlands in Ohio, USA. We tested two hypotheses: (1) that an index of vegetation biological integrity based on floristic quality was lower in wetlands with higher concentrations of MeP in the soil, and (2) that higher concentrations of MeP occurred in wetlands with more habitat degradation (i.e., lower quality), as estimated by a rapid assessment method. Hypothesis (1) was supported for emergent, but not for forested wetlands. Hypothesis (2) was marginally supported (P = 0.09) for emergent, but not supported for forested wetlands. The results indicate that the effect of concentration of phosphorus in wetland soils and the quality of plant species assemblages in wetlands is more complex than shown in site-specific studies and may depend in part on degree of disturbance in the surrounding watershed and dominant wetland vegetation type. Woody plants in forested wetlands are typically longer lived than herbaceous species in the understory and emergent wetlands, and may persist despite high inputs of phosphorus. Further, the forested wetlands were typically surrounded by a wide band of forest vegetation, which may provide a barrier against sedimentation and the associated phosphorus inputs to the wetland interior. Our results indicate that inferences about soil nutrient conditions made from rapid assessment methods for assessing wetland habitat condition may not be reliable.
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Brian","contributorId":52061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gara","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monteith, Steve","contributorId":167706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monteith","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5108,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana 59","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":623212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70168900,"text":"fs20163012 - 2016 - Surface water-quality activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T10:18:40","indexId":"fs20163012","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-23T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-3012","title":"Surface water-quality activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in New England","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collaborates with a variety of Federal, State, local, and tribal partners on scientific projects to provide reliable and impartial water-quality data and interpretation to resource managers, planners, stakeholders, and the general public. The themes related to surface water quality include the following:
\n• Water quality monitoring networks
• Effects of best management practices and low impact development on water quality
• Load estimation techniques and total maximum daily load assistance
• Mercury studies
• Toxics and emerging contaminants
• Eutrophication and nuisance algal blooms
Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/
Aquifers in New England provide water for human needs and natural ecosystems. In some areas, however, aquifers have been degraded by contaminants from geologic and human sources. In recent decades, the U.S. Geological Survey has been a leader in describing contaminant occurrence in the bedrock and surficial aquifers of New England. In cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies, the U.S. Geological Survey has also studied the vulnerability of groundwater to contaminants, the factors affecting the geographic distribution of contaminants, and the geochemical processes controlling contaminant transport and fate. This fact sheet describes some of the major science needs in the region related to groundwater contaminants and highlights recent U.S. Geological Survey studies that provide a foundation for future investigations.
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U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has actively pursued research in the effects of climate change on the hydrology of New England. Ongoing focus areas of climate change science activities of the USGS in New England include the following:
\n• Hydrologic climate-response data (initiating or expanding long-term hydrologic climate-response data collection networks to detect and monitor climate-related changes in hydrology)
• Relations between historical climatic and hydrologic variation (investigating historic relations between long-term climatic variation and hydrologic variation and connecting these relations to future conditions as forecasted by the Interagency Panel on Climate Change (Nakićenović and others, 2000)
• Hydrologic change on natural and human (incorporating climate change scenarios into assessments of how flows in streams or water levels in aquifers may change)
• Relations between climatic and hydrologic variation (characterizing impacts of climate change on floods and droughts, the long-term availability of water supplies for societal and natural uses in response to climate changes)
• Developing tools to forecast ecosystem change and water resources management (developing regionally consistent tools for forecasting ecosystem change and resource management)
This fact sheet presents recent climate change investigations of the USGS in New England using selected recent publications. These publications highlight the broad spectrum of expertise and commitment to understanding the relations of climate change and water resources in New England.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a long history of working with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and State transportation agencies to provide data and information to address various issues related to water resources and the Nation’s transportation infrastructure. These issues include the following:
\n• Streamgaging data networks
• Flow frequencies and flow statistics
• Water-quality investigations
• Bridge scour and sediment transport
• Hydrologic and hydraulic flood modeling
In New England, the USGS is conducting investigations to improve flood flow estimation techniques, to define channel characteristics at bankfull discharge, and to document storm tide as a result of major coastal storms. Current locally focused investigations include examination of flow frequency in rural, urban, and small watersheds; documentation of extreme inland floods along with flood-frequency updates; examination of the effects of roadway blasting on groundwater quality; and determinations of the effects of road salting on the quality of runoff and receiving waters.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has many ongoing and recent water-related natural hazard activities in New England that can be used to help mitigate the effects of natural hazards in cooperation with other agencies. The themes related to potential hazards and the tools and science to better understand and address them include the following:
\nErosion and landslides
• Fluvial erosion (sediment transport, bridge scour, and bankfull channel geometry characterization)
• Current and historic landslide mapping
Flood documentation and assessment
• Flood high-water marks
• Flood modeling and frequency analysis
• Flood inundation mapping
• Peak-flow regression equations
Drought documentation and assessment
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U.S. Geological Survey
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Using water column temperature records collected since 1968, we analyzed the impacts of climate change on thermal properties, stability intensity, length of stratification, and deep mixing dynamics of Lake Tahoe using a modified stability index (SI). This new SI is easier to produce and is a more informative measure of deep lake stability than commonly used stability indices. The annual average SI increased at 16.62 kg/m2/decade although the summer (May–October) average SI increased at a higher rate (25.42 kg/m2/decade) during the period 1968–2014. This resulted in the lengthening of the stratification season by approximately 24 d. We simulated the lake thermal structure over a future 100 yr period using a lake hydrodynamic model driven by statistically downscaled outputs of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Model (GFDL) for two different green house gas emission scenarios (the A2 in which greenhouse-gas emissions increase rapidly throughout the 21st Century, and the B1 in which emissions slow and then level off by the late 21st Century). The results suggest a continuation and intensification of the already observed trends. The length of stratification duration and the annual average lake stability are projected to increase by 38 d and 12 d and 30.25 kg/m2/decade and 8.66 kg/m2/decade, respectively for GFDLA2 and GFDLB1, respectively during 2014–2098. The consequences of this change bear the hallmarks of climate change induced lake warming and possible exacerbation of existing water quality, quantity and ecosystem changes. The developed methodology could be extended and applied to other lakes as a tool to predict changes in stratification and mixing dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley & Sons Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/lno.10228","usgsCitation":"Sahoo, G.B., Forrest, A.L., Schladow, S., Reuter, J.E., Coats, R., and Dettinger, M.D., 2016, Climate change impacts on lake thermal dynamics and ecosystem vulnerabilities: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 61, p. 496-507, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10228.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"496","endPage":"507","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057124","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10228","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake 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