{"pageNumber":"4516","pageRowStart":"112875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165626,"records":[{"id":29810,"text":"wri844246 - 1985 - Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T19:24:53.819799","indexId":"wri844246","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4246","title":"Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79","docAbstract":"<p>Nassau County, New York depends upon ground water for its freshwater supply. The primary water uses are for public-water supply and industrial-commercial purposes, which together accounted for 202 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) in 1975. Public-water suppliers withdrew 85 percent of their water from the Magothy Formation. About 133 Mgal/d was returned to the ground after use in 1975, and about 69; Mgal/d was discharged to tidewater. In addition, about 34 Mgal/d infiltrated into sewerlines in 1975 and was also discharged to tidewater. Because of the importance of this freshwater supply, the New York State Department of Environmental conservation reviews applications for the installation of wells and compiles data on pumpage throughout Long Island. It also reviews applications to discharge wastewater into the surface water and ground water of the State. This report summarizes the data filed with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for Nassau County during 1973-79. It presents data and estimates on withdrawals for public and industrial-commercial supply, returns to the ground, and discharges through sewer systems. It also includes information on population and land use.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844246","usgsCitation":"Snavely, D.S., and Williams, J., 1985, Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4246, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844246.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411727,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36095.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4246/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.783,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.783,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.433,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.433,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.783,\n              41\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snavely, D. S.","contributorId":103692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J. F.","contributorId":20754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29898,"text":"wri854156 - 1985 - Statistical evaluation of the effects of irrigation on chemical quality of ground water and base flow in three river valleys in north-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri854156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4156","title":"Statistical evaluation of the effects of irrigation on chemical quality of ground water and base flow in three river valleys in north-central Kansas","docAbstract":"The chemical quality of groundwater and base flow in three alluvial valleys in Kansas has been changed as a result of 10 or more years of irrigation. Sulfate concentrations in groundwater in the Prairie Dog Creek valley statistically larger during 1981-82 than before irrigation began. Concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and dissolved solids in groundwater in the Republican River valley and calcium, sodium plus potassium, sulfate, chloride, and dissolved solids in groundwater in the Smoky Hill River valley were significantly larger during 1981-82 than before irrigation began. No significant long-term changes in nitrate concentrations in groundwater were detected in any of the three valleys. Irrigation generally has not caused contamination of groundwater in the alluvium with organic pesticides for which National Primary drinking-water standards have been established. The pesticide 2, 4-D was detected, however, at concentrations of less than 2 micrograms per liter in water from several wells and surface-water sampling sites. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854156","usgsCitation":"Spruill, T., 1985, Statistical evaluation of the effects of irrigation on chemical quality of ground water and base flow in three river valleys in north-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4156, viii, 64 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854156.","productDescription":"viii, 64 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58714,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2484","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spruill, T.B.","contributorId":76747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spruill","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28604,"text":"wri844126 - 1985 - Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in the Hawaii District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri844126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4126","title":"Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in the Hawaii District","docAbstract":"This project documents the results of a study of the cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in the Hawaii District. The stream gages in the District were divided into two groups, the State of Hawaii and the Other Pacific Areas. Data uses and funding sources were identified for the 124 continuous stream gages currently being operated in the Hawaii District with a budget of $570,620. All the stream-gages were identified as having sufficient reason to continue their operation and they should be maintained in the program for the foreseeable future. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri844126","usgsCitation":"Matsuoka, I., Lee, R., and Thomas, W.O., 1985, Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in the Hawaii District: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4126, vii, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844126.","productDescription":"vii, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57432,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4126/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57433,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4126/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57434,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsuoka, I.","contributorId":44964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, R.","contributorId":97153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, W. O.","contributorId":101246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28948,"text":"wri854033 - 1985 - Ground-water discharge and recharge in the Soda Lakes and Upsal Hogback geothermal areas, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri854033","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4033","title":"Ground-water discharge and recharge in the Soda Lakes and Upsal Hogback geothermal areas, Churchill County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854033","usgsCitation":"Olmsted, F.H., 1985, Ground-water discharge and recharge in the Soda Lakes and Upsal Hogback geothermal areas, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4033, v, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854033.","productDescription":"v, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57825,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cea2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28923,"text":"wri844212 - 1985 - Classification of stream basins in southeastern Ohio according to extent of surface coal mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri844212","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4212","title":"Classification of stream basins in southeastern Ohio according to extent of surface coal mining","docAbstract":"Water-quality data were collected from streams grenadine 35 basins in the southeaster-Ohio coal region to evaluate and categorize the effect of surface coal mining on stream quality. The study area is underlain by rocks of Pennsylvanian age, the most important coal-producing formations of which are the Allegheny and Monogahela Formations.\r\n\r\nThe study area contains 276 data-collection sites, each of which was sampled four times over a 3-year period. Water and bed-material samples were collected. Each site was classified as 'abandoned,' reclaimed,' unmined,' or mixed,' depending on the proportion of the drainage basin disturbed by mining, and if mined, on the present condition of the mine. Of the 130 sites in the Monogahela Formation, 18 percent were classified as abandoned, 2 percent as reclaimed, 10 percent as unmined, and 70 percent as mixed. Of the 146 sites in the Allegheny Formation, 14 percent were classified as abandoned, 11 percent as unmined, and 75 percent as mixed.\r\n\r\nStreams draining the carbonate-bearing Monogahela Formation have a significantly greater buffering capacity than streams draining the Allegheny Formation. THere are significant differences in specific conductance; pH; alkalinity; acidity; hardness; total and dissolve manganese, and aluminum; dissolved nickel, zinc, and sulfate; and dissolved solids among mining-disturbance types in the Allegheny Formation. However, in stream draining the Monogahela Formation, only hardness, sulfur, dissolved solids, and dissolved manganese are significantly different among mining-disturbance types.\r\n\r\nDiscriminant-function analysis of water-quality data was used to classify each 'mixed' site into one of four categories: Abandoned, reclaimed, unmined, or uncertain. In addition, observations in each of the first three categories were classified as strongly, moderately, or weakly characteristic of that category. The discriminant function was based on specific conductance, pH, acidity, dissolved sulfate, dissolved aluminum and dissolved manganese in streams draining the Allegheny Formation, and was based on specific conductance, dissolved sulfate, and alkalinity for streams draining the Monogahela Formation.\r\n\r\nOf the 'mixed' sites in the Monogahela Formation, 46 percent were reclassified as abandoned, 11 percent as reclaimed, 18 percent as unmined, and 24 percent as uncertain. One site was not classified because of insufficient data. Of the 'mixed' sites in the Allegheny Formation, 27 percent were reclassified as abandoned, 57 percent as unmined, and 15 percent as uncertain. Four sites were not classified because of insufficient data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri844212","usgsCitation":"Childress, C., 1985, Classification of stream basins in southeastern Ohio according to extent of surface coal mining: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4212, iv, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844212.","productDescription":"iv, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4212/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57796,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4212/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c8e4b07f02db4ababe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childress, C.J.","contributorId":88734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childress","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28946,"text":"wri844191 - 1985 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri844191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4191","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alabama","docAbstract":"Methods are presented to estimate flood magnitude for selected recurrence intervals for urban and rural streams with drainage areas from 1 to 22,000 square miles. Seven hydrologic areas were delineated and regression equations were developed for six areas. Hydrologic data could not be regionalized for the seventh area. Drainage area was the only independent variable used in the equations for five hydrologic areas. Drainage area and a storage factor were used in the equations for the other area. One hydrologic area, located in the central part of the State, has flood runoffs two to four times greater than the other areas. It is recommended that the rural equations be used for estimates of flood magnitudes for both urban and rural streams in the hydrologic area. Rivers with drainage areas greater than 1,500 square miles could not be regionalized. Estimating methods for these rivers are shown graphically. Maximum flood magnitudes versus drainage area also are presented. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844191","usgsCitation":"Olin, D., 1985, Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4191, v, 105 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844191.","productDescription":"v, 105 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4191/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57822,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4191/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57823,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4191/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olin, D.A.","contributorId":106905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29768,"text":"wri854247 - 1985 - Water resources and hydrologic hazards of the Exit Glacier area near Seward, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri854247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4247","title":"Water resources and hydrologic hazards of the Exit Glacier area near Seward, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri854247","usgsCitation":"Sloan, C.E., 1985, Water resources and hydrologic hazards of the Exit Glacier area near Seward, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4247, iii, 8 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854247.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4247/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58567,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloan, C. E.","contributorId":59037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29905,"text":"wri854298 - 1985 - Frequency and duration of flooding of Grove Creek near Kenansville, North Carolina, for present and proposed restored channel conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:41:40","indexId":"wri854298","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4298","title":"Frequency and duration of flooding of Grove Creek near Kenansville, North Carolina, for present and proposed restored channel conditions","docAbstract":"The Grove Creek basin includes an area of about 42 square miles in Duplin County, southeastern North Carolina. The North Carolina Department of Human Resources (DHR) proposes to implement a channel restoration project on about an eight-mile reach of Grove Creek. The purpose of the restoration program is to improve drainage, thereby reducing frequency and duration of overbank flooding and reducing the opportunity for mosquito breeding in frequently flooded areas adjacent to Grove Creek. This study evaluates the effects of the restoration on the frequency and duration of flooding within the study reach for present (1984) and proposed restored channel conditions.\r\n\r\nThe proposed restored channel is estimated to increase the carrying capacity of the main channel from 10 to 19 times. The greatest reduction in areas of flooded land immediately adjacent to the study reach would be west of North Carolina Highway 11 (between sites 4 and 6) and would be reduced by an average of 29 percent during floods up through the 10-year flood level and reduced by an average of 5 percent for the 25- to 100-year flood levels. An average reduction of 1 percent is indicated for areas inundated east of North Carolina Highway 11 (for sites 1 through 3) for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year floods; while reductions in inundated area of the total study reach of 13, 5, 4, and 1.5 percent are indicated for the 2-, 5-, 10-, and 100-year floods, respectively.\r\n\r\nOverbank flooding during 1983 and 1984 water years occurred 32 times and persisted from a few hours up to about 3 months. For proposed restored-channel conditions, overbank flooding would have been reduced to 5 occurrences, and areal flooding would have persisted from a few hours to about 2 days.\r\n\r\nFlooding on the Northeast Cape Fear River causes variable backwater conditions on the lower Grove Creek study reach. A 100-year flood on the Northeast Cape Fear River would create backwater for about 1.5 miles upstream on Grove Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854298","usgsCitation":"Stamey, T.C., 1985, Frequency and duration of flooding of Grove Creek near Kenansville, North Carolina, for present and proposed restored channel conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4298, v, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854298.","productDescription":"v, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4298/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58722,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4298/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Kenansville","otherGeospatial":"Grove Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.11279296875,\n              34.615126683462194\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.11279296875,\n              35.06372505419625\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.552490234375,\n              35.06372505419625\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.552490234375,\n              34.615126683462194\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.11279296875,\n              34.615126683462194\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamey, T. C.","contributorId":95496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamey","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28910,"text":"wri834263 - 1985 - Calibration procedure for a daily flow model of small watersheds with snowmelt runoff in the Green River coal region of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T20:34:32.885086","indexId":"wri834263","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4263","title":"Calibration procedure for a daily flow model of small watersheds with snowmelt runoff in the Green River coal region of Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>A calibration procedure was developed for the U.S. Geological Survey 's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System for watersheds in which snowmelt is the major contributor to runoff. The model uses daily values of air temperature and precipitation as input and the output is mean daily discharge. The procedure appears sufficient to calibrate both streamflow volume and the timing of mean daily discharge if other model parameters are reasonably estimated. Model structure and sensitivity analysis suggest that one of the most important parameters is the available water-holding capacity of the soil (SMAX). Changing this parameter through a series of iterations, the calibration procedure minimizes the error between observed and predicted annual discharge. The calibration suggests that the single parameter SMAX may be sufficient for optimizing both the volumes and the timing of runoff, assuming other model parameters are adequately estimated. Additional optimization on parameters sensitive to timing does not appear to improve prediction. This indicates that these parameters were estimated accurately prior to calibration. Further investigation is needed on more watersheds to determine SMAX 's ability to calibrate volume and timing with a constant set of other model parameter values.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834263","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.M., and Parker, R.S., 1985, Calibration procedure for a daily flow model of small watersheds with snowmelt runoff in the Green River coal region of Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4263, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834263.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411518,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35891.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4263/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4263/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Green River coal region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.433,\n              40.683\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.433,\n              40.183\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.75,\n              40.183\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.75,\n              40.683\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.433,\n              40.683\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e703c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, J. M.","contributorId":87953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29287,"text":"wri854034 - 1985 - Ground-water quality and geochemistry of aquifers associated with coal in the Allegheny and Monongahela formations, southeastern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri854034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4034","title":"Ground-water quality and geochemistry of aquifers associated with coal in the Allegheny and Monongahela formations, southeastern Ohio","docAbstract":"Ground water from aquifers associated with coal beds in the Allegheny and Monongahela Formations in southeastern Ohio is predominantly a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. Sodium bicarbonate type water is less common. Isolated areas of sodium chloride and calcium sulfate types also are present. The water is predominantly very hard, and has a median hardness concentration of 258 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate and a median dissolved-solids concentration of 436 milligrams per liter. Few wells contain water with dissolved-solids concentrations in excess of 1,000 milligrams per liter.\r\n\r\nBicarbonate concentration in ground water was found to be significantly different among coals, whereas concentrations of bicarbonate, hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, and strontium were significantly different between ground water in the Allegheny and Monongahela Formations. Many constituents are significantly correlated, but few correlation coefficients are high.\r\n\r\nThe presence of sulfate or iron is attributed to the kinetic mechanism operating during the oxidation of pyrite. The position along the sulfide or ferrous-iron oxidation pathways controls the reaction products of pyrite found in solution, and the formation of either the sulfate of iron constituents. The availability and rate of diffusion of oxygen in the formations exerts control on the water quality.\r\n\r\nDiscriminant-function analysis correctly classifies 89 percent of the observations into the Allegheny or Monongahela Formations. As a verifications, 39 of 41 observations from another study were correctly classified by formation.\r\n\r\nThe differences in water chemistry between the Allegheny and the Monongahela Formations are gradational and are attributed the oxidation of iron sulfide. The diffusion and availability of oxygen, which controls the chemical reaction, is regulated by the porosity and permeability of the rock with respect to oxygen and the presence or absence of carbonates, which controls the pH.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854034","usgsCitation":"Razem, A., and Sedam, A., 1985, Ground-water quality and geochemistry of aquifers associated with coal in the Allegheny and Monongahela formations, southeastern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4034, iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854034.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58132,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ad69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Razem, A. C.","contributorId":34924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Razem","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedam, A. C.","contributorId":32530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedam","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28666,"text":"wri834055 - 1985 - Surface water data network analysis for Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri834055","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4055","title":"Surface water data network analysis for Puerto Rico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Caribbean District, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri834055","usgsCitation":"McKinley, P.W., 1985, Surface water data network analysis for Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4055, iv, 14 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834055.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4055/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57506,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4055/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinley, P. W.","contributorId":16414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30014,"text":"wri844362 - 1985 - Effects of surface mining on streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water quality in the Stony Fork drainage basin, Fayette County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T12:18:17","indexId":"wri844362","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4362","title":"Effects of surface mining on streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water quality in the Stony Fork drainage basin, Fayette County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A study of the Stony Fork basin in southern Fayette County, Pennsylvania, from 1977 through 1980 determined the impacts of surface coal mining on surface-water quality. Stony Fork was sampled at six sites, during which time the area of surface mines increased from 0.5 to 5.5 percent of the study area. Streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water quality data were collected at gaging stations upstream and downstream of mining. The total runoff between the upstream and downstream stations differed by one percent; this small difference could not be attributed to the effects of mining. The suspended-sediment yield increased during storms due to erosion from the mining sites. The suspended-sediment yield doubled at the downstream site following mining. Specific conductance was highly variable during storm runoff but generally varied inversely with flow and increased slightly during the study period. The pH ranged between 4.8 and 7.9 with values below 6.0 usually occurring during storm runoff. Concentrations of dissolved zinc and sulfate increased between the upstream and downstream sampling sites. Laboratory analysis of a precipitation sample indicates that acid precipitation may be partly responsible for pH depressions during storm runoff periods. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844362","usgsCitation":"Stump, D., and Mastrilli, T., 1985, Effects of surface mining on streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water quality in the Stony Fork drainage basin, Fayette County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4362, v, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844362.","productDescription":"v, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58820,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4362/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4362/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6103fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stump, D.E.","contributorId":38194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stump","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastrilli, T.M.","contributorId":15656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastrilli","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28926,"text":"wri854065 - 1985 - Time of travel, water quality, and bed-material quality in the Cuyahoga River within the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation area, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri854065","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4065","title":"Time of travel, water quality, and bed-material quality in the Cuyahoga River within the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation area, Ohio","docAbstract":"Three studies were conducted in the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation by the U. S. Geological Survey to (1) establish the relationship between time of travel and discharge through the park reach of the Cuyahoga River, (2) characterize water quality of the Cuyahoga River within the park over a 24-hour period, and (3) determine general areas where the streambed might be contaminated by trace metals. Time of Travel between Botzum and Independence is described by the equation T = 46.9-0.038Q, where T = time, in hours, and Q = discharge at Independence, in cubic feet per second. On the main stem of the Cuyahoga River, dissolved-oxygen saturation was highest and ultimate carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand was lowest on the upstream and downstream ends of the reach. Dissolved-oxygen saturation was more than 80 percent in all the tributaries except Furnace Run, Brandywine Creek, and Langes Run. The number of fecal coliform counts per 100 milliliters of sample was high throughout the study area and ranged from 38 to 1,200,000. Concentrations of all metals and non-metals investigated by means of analysis of bed material were not anomalously high. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri854065","usgsCitation":"Childress, C., 1985, Time of travel, water quality, and bed-material quality in the Cuyahoga River within the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation area, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4065, v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854065.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4065/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57799,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4065/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childress, C.J.","contributorId":88734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childress","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30252,"text":"wri854110 - 1985 - Quality of ground water in Monitor and Williams Townships, Bay County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T10:02:44","indexId":"wri854110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4110","title":"Quality of ground water in Monitor and Williams Townships, Bay County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Migration of mineralized water from abandoned subsurface coal mines in Monitor and Williams Townships was thought by many residents to have affected the quality of domestic ground-water supplies in the area. To investigate the possibility, wells were installed to obtain geologic data and water samples for chemical analysis; analysis also was made of concurrent related data collected by other agencies.</p><p>The principal rock units are glacial deposits and the Saginaw Formation. Glacial deposits, 75 to 175 feet thick, are primarily clay underlain in places by sand and gravel. This sand and gravel is the primary source of ground water. Underlying the glacial deposits is the Saginaw Formation--a unit that is mostly shale and silty shale containing beds of siltstone, sandstone, and coal.</p><p>Specific conductance of water from wells indicate that dissolved-solids concentration increases with depth. About 50 percent of specific conductance values of water from wells more than 100 feet deep were equal to or greater than 5,000 microsiemens, whereas only 13 percent of the values of water from wells less than 100 feet deep were equal to or greater than 5,000 microsiemens.</p><p>Results of chemical analyses indicate no apparent correlation between concentration and source for most constituents. Plots of chloride/sulfate ratios versus specific conductances indicate that water from the Saginaw Formation is as likely to influence the quality of water in glacial deposits as is water from abandoned mines.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri854110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Department of Natural Resources Geological Survey Division, Monitor Township, Bay County, Williams Township, Bay County","usgsCitation":"Twenter, F.R., and Cummings, T., 1985, Quality of ground water in Monitor and Williams Townships, Bay County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4110, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854110.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4110/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59044,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4110/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Bay County","otherGeospatial":"Monitor Township, Williams Township","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.10720825195312,\n              43.68326696566219\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.10961151123047,\n              43.56795428674552\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0509033203125,\n              43.56720801094054\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0509033203125,\n              43.524406070549084\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91426086425781,\n              43.523410314985455\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91666412353516,\n              43.56521789692485\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91494750976562,\n              43.62538975719009\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91254425048828,\n              43.66960999321696\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91082763671875,\n              43.67358325124029\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91220092773438,\n              43.67581809328341\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91597747802733,\n              43.68003923450592\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0127944946289,\n              43.681777265168094\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.10720825195312,\n              43.68326696566219\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654b3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twenter, F. R.","contributorId":81080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenter","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cummings, T. R.","contributorId":104082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30049,"text":"wri834015 - 1985 - Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri834015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4015","title":"Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington","docAbstract":"A preliminary investigation of the effects of reservoir storage and canal diversion on the flow of the Yakima River at Union Gap , Washington indicates that those effects are measurable and substantial--on the average causing a reduction of roughly one-quarter from the unregulated flow. Preliminary computations of the unregulated flow of the Yakima River at Parker (near Union Gap) for the 1978 water year using the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 's SSARR model indicate, however, that the computed flow figures contain inaccuracies. Further investigation of the model indicates that the inaccuracies can be substantially reduced by data checking and by using additional discharge records to improve the estimation of local inflows. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834015","usgsCitation":"Swift, C., 1985, Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4015, iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834015.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58858,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a881b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swift, C.H.","contributorId":61821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29066,"text":"wri854256 - 1985 - Hydrology and its effects on distribution of vegetation in Congaree Swamp National Monument, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T10:52:47","indexId":"wri854256","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4256","title":"Hydrology and its effects on distribution of vegetation in Congaree Swamp National Monument, South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>Congaree Swamp National Monument preserves a large stand of old-growth southern bottomland hardwood forest on the flood plain of the Congaree River. The distribution of vegetation types in the Monument is controlled by duration of saturated soil conditions during the growing season, which is related to duration of inundation by the flooding river. During dry periods upland streams fed by seepage from shallow and deep aquifers supply water to the flood plain, and the potentiometric gradient in the flood plain slopes toward the river. During floods river water flows into the flood plain through breaches in the natural levee, inundating as much as 90 percent of the Monument an average of once per year. During floods the potentiometric gradient briefly slopes away from the river. The frequency of large floods has decreased slightly since completion of Lake Murray Dam in 1929.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Columbia, SC","doi":"10.3133/wri854256","usgsCitation":"Patterson, G.G., Speiran, G.K., and Whetstone, B.H., 1985, Hydrology and its effects on distribution of vegetation in Congaree Swamp National Monument, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4256, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854256.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri854256.jpg"},{"id":330783,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4256/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Congaree River, Congaree Swamp National Monument","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.10931396484374,\n              33.7437547178534\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.10931396484374,\n              34.01510358992116\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.63552856445312,\n              34.01510358992116\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.63552856445312,\n              33.7437547178534\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.10931396484374,\n              33.7437547178534\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e891","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patterson, Glenn G.","contributorId":9653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Speiran, Gary K. 0000-0002-6505-1170 gspeiran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6505-1170","contributorId":3233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"Gary","email":"gspeiran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whetstone, Benjamin H.","contributorId":68840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whetstone","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29222,"text":"wri854167 - 1985 - Reconnaissance of selected organic contaminants in effluent and ground water at fifteen municipal wastewater treatment plants in Florida, 1983- 84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri854167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4167","title":"Reconnaissance of selected organic contaminants in effluent and ground water at fifteen municipal wastewater treatment plants in Florida, 1983- 84","docAbstract":"Results of a 1983-84 reconnaissance of 15 municipal wastewater treatment plants in Florida indicated that effluent from most of the plants contains trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds. Chloroform was detected in the effluent at 11 of the 15 plants and its common occurrence was likely the result of chlorination. The maximum concentration of chloroform detected in the effluent sampled was 120 micrograms/L. Detectable concentrations of selected organophosphorus insecticides were also common. For example, diazinon was detected in the effluent at 12 of the 15 plants with a maximum concentration of 1.5 micrograms/L. Organochlorine insecticides, primarily lindane, were detected in the effluent at 8 of the 15 plants with a maximum concentration of 1.0 micrograms/L. Volatile compounds, primarily chloroform, were detected in water from monitor wells at four plants and organophosphorus insecticides, primarily diazinon, were present in the groundwater at three treatment plants. Organochlorine insecticides were not detected in any samples from monitor wells. Based on the limited data available, this cursory reconaissance suggests that the organic contaminants commonly occurring in the effluent of many of the treatment plants are not transported into the local groundwater. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854167","usgsCitation":"Pruitt, J.B., Troutman, D., and Irwin, G.A., 1985, Reconnaissance of selected organic contaminants in effluent and ground water at fifteen municipal wastewater treatment plants in Florida, 1983- 84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4167, iv, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854167.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4167/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58075,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b064","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pruitt, J. B.","contributorId":56222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruitt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, D.E.","contributorId":66301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irwin, G. A.","contributorId":35733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29529,"text":"wri854279 - 1985 - A two-constituent solute-transport model for ground water having variable density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:33:42","indexId":"wri854279","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4279","title":"A two-constituent solute-transport model for ground water having variable density","docAbstract":"A numerical model has been developed to simulate solute transport and dispersion of either one or two constituents in groundwater where there is two-dimensional, density-dependent flow. The model is a modified version of the one documented by Konikow and Bredehoeft (1978), which uses finite-difference methods and the method of characteristics to solve the flow and transport equations. The model was tested on an idealized seawater intrusion problem for which an analytical solution has been developed. The results were nearly identical to those of other numerical models tested on the same problem. A description of the formats for the input data, a sample of input and output for a two-constituent example problem, and a listing of the Fortran program are presented. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854279","usgsCitation":"Sanford, W., and Konikow, L.F., 1985, A two-constituent solute-transport model for ground water having variable density: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4279, v, 88 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854279.","productDescription":"v, 88 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58367,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4279/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4279/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a54d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30584,"text":"wri854107 - 1985 - Seismic-refraction study of suspected drift-filled bedrock valleys in Ramsey County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:17:36","indexId":"wri854107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4107","title":"Seismic-refraction study of suspected drift-filled bedrock valleys in Ramsey County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Seismic-refraction surveys were made across suspected buried, drift-filled bedrock valleys believed to underlie two sites of known ground-water contamination the Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP) near New Brighton and the former Koppers Coke Plant in St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota. Refraction data were collected along two lines at each site; each line traversed the axis of a suspected valley.</p>\n<p>Drift-filled bedrock valleys were thought to incise the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer to an altitude between 500 and 560 feet above sea level at the TCAAP site. The interpretation of one seismic profile indicates that a valley probably does not exist under the area surveyed; the modeled depth profile shows the bedrock surface ranging between altitudes of about 700 to 780 feet. Interpretation of a second seismic profile just south of the TCAAP indicates that a shallow valley may exist under the northern half of the line; the modeled depth profile shows that the bedrock surface declines from an altitude of about 780 feet to about 690 feet over a horizontal distance of 400 feet.</p>\n<p>A drift-filled bedrock valley was thought to incise the St. Peter aquifer to an altitude between 770 and 800 feet above sea level at the Koppers site. The interpretation of a seismic profile just east of the Koppers site is not conclusive, but suggests that a bedrock valley may be present near the middle of the line. The interpretation of a second seismic profile across the westward extension of the same suspected valley also is not conclusive, but suggests that a bedrock valley may be present at the north end of the line. The optimal field layout for each line at the site (longer shot offsets) could not be obtained because of limited space available in the densely developed residential neighborhoods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.G., 1985, Seismic-refraction study of suspected drift-filled bedrock valleys in Ramsey County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4107, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854107.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59342,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Ramsey County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.0207,45.1258],[-92.9838,45.1247],[-92.9875,44.8924],[-92.9978,44.8924],[-93.0191,44.8929],[-93.0229,44.8948],[-93.0294,44.8966],[-93.0357,44.904],[-93.0447,44.9122],[-93.0498,44.9168],[-93.0524,44.9204],[-93.0608,44.9209],[-93.0666,44.921],[-93.0904,44.9215],[-93.0897,44.9251],[-93.0975,44.9252],[-93.0981,44.9215],[-93.1084,44.922],[-93.1271,44.9225],[-93.1297,44.9198],[-93.1342,44.9175],[-93.1375,44.9143],[-93.1426,44.9102],[-93.1504,44.9039],[-93.1556,44.9002],[-93.164,44.8979],[-93.1704,44.8975],[-93.1775,44.8989],[-93.1833,44.8998],[-93.1897,44.9026],[-93.1955,44.904],[-93.1987,44.9085],[-93.2026,44.9122],[-93.2038,44.9145],[-93.2058,44.9172],[-93.2051,44.9209],[-93.2044,44.9263],[-93.2044,44.9305],[-93.2031,44.935],[-93.2037,44.9405],[-93.2044,44.9441],[-93.2063,44.9469],[-93.2062,44.9583],[-93.2059,45.0373],[-93.2272,45.0373],[-93.2262,45.1255],[-93.0207,45.1258]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ramsey\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efcfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, D. G.","contributorId":106458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29189,"text":"wri854058 - 1985 - Water-quality reconnaissance of selected water-supply lakes in eastern Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri854058","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4058","title":"Water-quality reconnaissance of selected water-supply lakes in eastern Kansas","docAbstract":"Data collected for 19 public water-supply lakes in eastern Kansas during spring-fall 1983 were statistically analyzed to describe relationships between water-quality constituents and lake and watershed physical characteristics. A large range was observed in mean concentrations of total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, and chlorophyll a and in lake and watershed physical characteristics, such as age, surface area, watershed area, watershed-to-lake surface-area ratio, and average maximum depth. Pesticides were detected in 8 of the 19 lakes. Atrazine and Alachlor were the most commonly detected pesticides. Spearman rank-order correlation analyses showed possible relationships between mean concentrations of total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, and chlorophyll a, and certain lake and watershed physical characteristics. Multiple-regression analysis produced significant relations between mean concentrations of total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and percentage of watershed in protected cropland and age of lake (0.62 coefficient of determination), and between mean concentrations of total organic carbon and lake average maximum depth, lake-surface area, age of lake, and watershed-to-lake surface-area ratio (0.76 coefficient of determination). (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri854058","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., Arruda, J.A., and Vahsholtz, A., 1985, Water-quality reconnaissance of selected water-supply lakes in eastern Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4058, iv, 51 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854058.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4058/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58055,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e54c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, L. M.","contributorId":71939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arruda, J. A.","contributorId":70809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arruda","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vahsholtz, A.E.","contributorId":35365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vahsholtz","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29195,"text":"wri854235 - 1985 - Availability and quality of ground water in the Piedmont Province of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri854235","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4235","title":"Availability and quality of ground water in the Piedmont Province of Virginia","docAbstract":"The Piedmont Province of Virginia has an ample supply of groundwater, (perhaps as much as 1.5 billion gallons are in storage per sq mi) generally suitable for domestic and small supply needs. The source of this groundwater is precipitation, which is stored in the pore spaces of the regolith and in fractures in the underlying bedrock of crystalline rocks. Water within the sedimentary rocks of the sedimentary basins is stored in bedding planes, fractures, and in pore spaces in the rock, and in the regolith. Well yields can be minimized in both terrains by constructing wells along lineaments and in valleys. Groundwater in the crystalline rock is generally slightly mineralized and acidic (pH is greater than 7.0). Dissolved solids concentration in deep wells ( &lt; 500 ft) in sedimentary rock may exceed tolerable limits. Land disposal of solid wastes and sewage for domestic septic systems present the major threat to groundwater quality. A greater understanding of the groundwater system in the Virginia Piedmont could be used to anticipate future shortages so that preventive measures could be implemented to protect the groundwater reservoir. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri854235","usgsCitation":"Powell, J.D., and Abe, J.M., 1985, Availability and quality of ground water in the Piedmont Province of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4235, v, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854235.","productDescription":"v, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4235/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58058,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4235/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d8be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, John Duane","contributorId":51793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Duane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abe, Joseph M.","contributorId":72834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abe","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28593,"text":"wri854036 - 1985 - Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T10:22:00","indexId":"wri854036","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4036","title":"Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in North Carolina","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of a study of the cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in North Carolina. Data uses and funding sources are identified for the 146 gaging stations currently operated in North Carolina with a budget of $777,600 (1984). As a result of the study, eleven stations are nominated for discontinuance and five for conversion from recording to partial-record status. Large parts of North Carolina 's Coastal Plain are identified as having sparse streamflow data. This sparsity should be remedied as funds become available. Efforts should also be directed toward defining the efforts of drainage improvements on local hydrology and streamflow characteristics. The average standard error of streamflow records in North Carolina is 18.6 percent. This level of accuracy could be improved without increasing cost by increasing the frequency of field visits and streamflow measurements at stations with high standard errors and reducing the frequency at stations with low standard errors. A minimum budget of $762,000 is required to operate the 146-gage program. A budget less than this does not permit proper service and maintenance of the gages and recorders. At the minimum budget, and with the optimum allocation of field visits, the average standard error is 17.6 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854036","usgsCitation":"Mason, R., and Jackson, N., 1985, Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4036, vi, 109 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854036.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57422,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4036/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68460d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, R.R.","contributorId":34520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, N.M.","contributorId":47375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29047,"text":"wri854071 - 1985 - A method for estimating mean and low flows of streams in national forests of Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri854071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4071","title":"A method for estimating mean and low flows of streams in national forests of Montana","docAbstract":"Equations were developed for estimating mean annual discharge, 80-percent exceedance discharge, and 95-percent exceedance discharge for streams on national forest lands in Montana. The equations for mean annual discharge used active-channel width, drainage area and mean annual precipitation as independent variables, with active-channel width being most significant. The equations for 80-percent exceedance discharge and 95-percent exceedance discharge used only active-channel width as an independent variable. The standard error or estimate for the best equation for estimating mean annual discharge was 27 percent. The standard errors of estimate for the equations were 67 percent for estimating 80-percent exceedance discharge and 75 percent for estimating 95-percent exceedance discharge. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854071","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Hull, J.A., 1985, A method for estimating mean and low flows of streams in national forests of Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4071, iii, 13 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854071.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57911,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae0e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hull, J. A.","contributorId":39345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29198,"text":"wri854220 - 1985 - Dissolved constituents including selenium in waters in the vicinity of Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge and the west grassland, Fresno and Merced Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri854220","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4220","title":"Dissolved constituents including selenium in waters in the vicinity of Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge and the west grassland, Fresno and Merced Counties, California","docAbstract":"Analyses were made for dissolved constituents including selenium (Se) in waters associated with subsurface agricultural drainage from the western San Joaquin Valley of California. In the vicinity of Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge and the Grassland wetlands area Se was found to be mobilized in water. As a consequence of this mobility and bioaccumulation in the aquatic food chain, Se occurred in waterfowl at levels toxic enough to cause deformities and deaths. Se concentrations in sumps that collect subsurface agricultural drainage water and inflows to drains sampled, ultimately leading into Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge and the Grassland, ranged from 84 to 4200 microgram/L (ug/L) Se. Levels of Se were reduced in the San Luis Drain flowing into Kesterson National Wildlife Refute to approximately 300 ug/L Se and in three of the drains sampled flowing into the Grassland to approximately 50 ug/L Se. Serious effects on water fowl habitat were caused by both these levels. Se contents of algal mats and salt crusts from evaporation ponds of the San Luis Drain contained up to parts per million Se. Total ecosystem assessment of Se may be necessary for the evaluation of the toxicity of Se to the environment. No other trace element reported exceeded the various criteria for water at the level of magnitude of Se. Other dissolved constituents and the isotopic ratios of oxygen and hydrogen were analyzed to elucidate water types, reaction states of the aqueous solution with respect to minerals, and the origin of mixed waters. These data will be used later to evaluate the geologic source of Se. Methods used for collection and analysis are described and documented. Hydrologic effects were found to be complex. Preliminary indications from wells are also given. A historical sequence is adhered to and other data from the study area which serve as a guide to the toxicity of Se are included. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854220","usgsCitation":"Presser, T.S., and Barnes, I., 1985, Dissolved constituents including selenium in waters in the vicinity of Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge and the west grassland, Fresno and Merced Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4220, vi, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854220.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58059,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presser, T. S.","contributorId":93875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Ivan","contributorId":56619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30585,"text":"wri834222 - 1985 - Trends in municipal-well installations and aquifer utilization in southeastern Minnesota, 1880-1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:18:10","indexId":"wri834222","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4222","title":"Trends in municipal-well installations and aquifer utilization in southeastern Minnesota, 1880-1980","docAbstract":"<p>Water distributed by municipal systems has been the largest off-stream use of water in southeastern Minnesota for the past 100 years. Water pumped by these systems in 1980 totaled 102.3 billion gallons, with 60.1 billion gallons supplied by ground water. Ground water supplies 294 of the 309 municipal systems in the area.</p>\n<p>The development of ground-water supplies for municipal use in southeastern Minnesota began around the 1880's as an alternative to supplies from lakes and rivers. After about 4,500 Minnesotans died from typhoid from 1891 to 1900, deep wells became widely used in order to avoid contaminated surface water.</p>\n<p>An inventory of 1,244 wells drilled for municipal systems from 1880 to 1980 has been completed. Of the five bedrock aquifers in the study area, the Prairie du Chien-Jordan is the most extensively used for water supply; 537 municipal wells tap it. About half of these wells were drilled in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area since 1945 to accommodate suburban growth. The undifferentiated drift aquifer ranks second in use with 294 municipal wells tapping it. Most of these wells are completed in aquifers buried in thick drift deposits in the western part of the study area.</p>\n<p>Aquifer preference was analyzed to determine whether municipal wells were completed in the shallowest bedrock aquifer present in an area, in a deeper bedrock aquifer, or in a drift aquifer above the bedrock. Until 1950, there was a strong preference to complete municipal wells in the Upper Carbonate aquifer. Because of poor water quality in parts of the aquifer, most municipal wells drilled in the area since 1950 are cased through the Upper Carbonate and completed in deeper aquifers. The St. Peter aquifer is little used for municipal wells because wells completed in it often pump sand. About 96 percent of the municipal wells drilled in the St. Peter aquifer subcrop area since 1950 were cased through the St. Peter and completed in deeper aquifers. About 64 percent of the municipal wells drilled in the Mount Simon-Hinckley aquifer subcrop area are completed in drift aquifers. The Prairie du Chien-Jordan and Ironton-Galesville aquifers are preferred for municipal wells in their respective areas of occurrence.</p>\n<p>Water appropriation in Minnesota is regulated through a permit system based on five water-use priorities. Domestic water supply, excluding industrial and commercial uses of a municipal water supply, is the highest priority (Minnesota Statutes, Chapter 105.41). Under the regulations, uses of a lower priority are not permitted to adversely affect uses of a higher priority. Identification of the aquifer(s) used for municipal supplies is also necessary to safeguard these supplies from adverse effects of competing water users and contamination, and to evaluate the consequences of each.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri834222","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.G., 1985, Trends in municipal-well installations and aquifer utilization in southeastern Minnesota, 1880-1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4222, iii, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834222.","productDescription":"iii, 99 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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