The Anza-Cahuilla groundwater basin located mainly in the semi-arid headwaters of the Santa Margarita River watershed in southern California is the principle source of groundwater for a rural disadvantaged community and two Native American Tribes, the Ramona Band of Cahuilla and the Cahuilla. Groundwater in the study area is derived entirely from precipitation and managing groundwater sustainably requires an accurate assessment of the water balance components, yet long-term estimates do not exist. Demand for groundwater in the region has increased and groundwater quality has decreased due to population growth and increased irrigated cropland. To characterize monthly long-term natural recharge and runoff estimates, a physically-based water balance model (Basin Characterization Model) was locally calibrated and validated using nearby streamgages and published estimates of climatic and hydrologic variables. The average modeled annual recharge and runoff from 1981 to 2010 was 5.4 × 106 and 1.2 × 107 m3, respectively, for the study area. Recharge and runoff do not reliably occur in large amounts every year and recharge rarely occurs in the groundwater basin footprint. These long-term estimates can be used by water managers, stakeholders, and Native American Tribes to develop plans for sustainable management of future water resources, and as inputs to a three-dimensional groundwater model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12971","usgsCitation":"Stern, M.A., Flint, L.E., Flint, A.L., and Christensen, A.H., 2021, A basin-scale approach to estimating recharge in the desert: Anza-Cahuilla groundwater basin, CA: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 57, no. 6, p. 990-1003, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12971.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"990","endPage":"1003","ipdsId":"IP-119217","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12971","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BAMCP4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) monthly recharge and runoff for the Anza-Cahuilla Groundwater Basin, California"},{"id":391385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Anza-Cahuilla groundwater basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.9166,\n 33.3333\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 33.3333\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -116.9166,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -116.9166,\n 33.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, Michelle A. 0000-0003-3030-7065 mstern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-7065","contributorId":4244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Michelle","email":"mstern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70225706,"text":"70225706 - 2021 - Modeling marsh dynamics using a 3-D coupled wave-flow-sediment model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-04T13:24:32.427815","indexId":"70225706","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-02T08:18:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling marsh dynamics using a 3-D coupled wave-flow-sediment model","docAbstract":"Salt marshes are dynamic biogeomorphic systems that respond to external physical factors, including tides, sediment transport, and waves, as well as internal processes such as autochthonous soil formation. Predicting the fate of marshes requires a modeling framework that accounts for these processes in a coupled fashion. In this study, we implement two new marsh dynamic processes in the 3-D COAWST (coupled-ocean-atmosphere-wave sediment transport) model. The processes added are the erosion of the marsh edge scarp caused by lateral wave thrust from surface waves and vertical accretion driven by organic growth on the marsh platform. The sediment released from the marsh causes a change in bathymetry, thereby modifying the wave-energy reaching the marsh edge. Marsh vertical accretion due to biomass production is considered for a single vegetation species and is determined by the hydroperiod parameters (tidal datums) and the elevation of the marsh cells. Tidal datums are stored at user-defined intervals as a hindcast (on the order of days) and used to update the vertical growth formulation. Idealized domains are utilized to verify the lateral wave thrust formulation and show the dynamics of lateral wave erosion leading to horizontal retreat of marsh edge. The simulations of Reedy and Dinner Creeks within the Barnegat Bay estuary system demonstrate the model capability to account for both lateral wave erosion and vertical accretion due to organic growth in a realistic marsh complex. The simulations show that majority of accretion over the marsh complex occurs due to organic production while most estuarine sediment deposition occurs along the channel edges. The ability of the model to capture the fate of the sediment can be extended to model future storm and relative sea level rise (RSLR) scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2021.740921","usgsCitation":"Kalra, T., Ganju, N., Aretxabaleta, A., Carr, J., Defne, Z., and Moriarty, J., 2021, Modeling marsh dynamics using a 3-D coupled wave-flow-sediment model: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 8, 740921, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.740921.","productDescription":"740921, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-131349","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450291,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.740921","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QO091Z","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"COAWST model of Barnegat Bay creeks to demonstrate marsh dynamics"},{"id":436126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94HYOGQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Idealized COAWST numerical model for testing marsh wave thrust and lateral retreat dynamics routines"},{"id":391380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalra, Tarandeep S. 0000-0001-5468-248X tkalra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-248X","contributorId":178820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalra","given":"Tarandeep S.","email":"tkalra@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":826399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":202878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aretxabaleta, Alfredo 0000-0002-9914-8018 aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-8018","contributorId":140090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aretxabaleta","given":"Alfredo","email":"aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, Joel A. 0000-0002-9164-4156 jcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-4156","contributorId":168645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Joel A.","email":"jcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Defne, Zafer 0000-0003-4544-4310 zdefne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-4310","contributorId":5520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Defne","given":"Zafer","email":"zdefne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moriarty, Julia 0000-0003-1087-6180","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-6180","contributorId":261307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moriarty","given":"Julia","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70048926,"text":"sim3143 - 2021 - Geologic map of the State of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-02T15:48:34.21696","indexId":"sim3143","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-02T08:01:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3143","displayTitle":"Geologic Map of the State of Hawaiʻi","title":"Geologic map of the State of Hawaii","docAbstract":"This geologic map and its digital databases present the geology of the eight major islands of the State of Hawaiʻi. The map should serve as a useful guide to anyone studying the geologic setting and history of Hawai‘i, including ground- and surface-water resources, economic deposits, and landslide or volcanic hazards. Its presentation in digital format allows the rapid application of geologic knowledge when conducting field work; analyzing land-use or engineering problems; studying onshore or nearshore biologic communities; or simply understanding the relation between the geology, scenery, and cultural history of the Hawaiian paradise.
The map includes a Description of Map Units, which describes the lithologic characteristics and distribution of the geologic deposits. A Correlation of Map Units shows how the different geologic formations are related to each other stratigraphically. A fairly complete geospatial database of the radiometric ages and geochemical analyses has been compiled from findings published over the past 100 years by numerous Earth scientists working across the island chain.
Contact HVO
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1266 Kamehameha Avenue
Suite A-8
Hilo, HI 96720
Excess nutrients transported by the Mississippi River (MR) contribute to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Nutrient balances are key drivers to river nutrient loads and represent inputs (fertilizer, manure, deposition, wastewater, N-fixation, and weathering) minus outputs (nutrient uptake and removal in harvest, and N emissions). Here, we quantified annual changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) river loads and nutrient balances at the MR Outlet and documented that the river load response to watershed nutrient balances shifted between 1975 and 2017. Annual nutrient balances and river loads were positively correlated between 1975 and 1985, but after, a disconnect between both the N and P balances and river loads emerged, and the subsequent river load patterns were different for N versus P. We evaluated the relative impacts of legacy nutrients and other latent factors, for which data were not available, on river nutrient load trends. Our analysis showed that in the case of N, latent factors were potentially just as important in explaining changes in river nutrient loads over time as N balances, and in the case of P, they were even more important. We hypothesized that these factors included implementation of best management practices, changes in watershed buffering capacity, the effects of tile drainage, or increased precipitation. Our analytical approach shows promise for the investigation of drivers of water quality trends that are not well-represented in typical national scale geospatial datasets.
Shorebirds wade in shallow waters along shorelines searching for food. More than a million shorebirds visit the San Francisco Estuary each year during their migration to feast on the insects, worms, clams, and crabs that live on or under the surface of the sand or mud. The abundant food in the Estuary provides shorebirds with the energy they need to migrate thousands of kilometers, between their breeding areas in the Arctic and their wintering areas along the Pacific coast of North and South America. Scientists have discovered that, during migration, small species of shorebirds eat a green slime called biofilm that grows on the surface of the mud. Larger shorebirds do not eat biofilm. This article describes how the bills and tongues of small shorebirds help them eat biofilm, what biofilm is, and why biofilm is an important food for those birds during migration.
The Ziegler Reservoir fossil site near Snowmass Village, Colorado, provides a rare opportunity to examine environmental conditions in the Rocky Mountains during marine isotope stage (MIS) 4 (71–57 ka). Although recognized as a global-scale cold event, MIS 4 is typically absent from Rocky Mountain glacial chronologies because the geologic evidence was covered or destroyed during the subsequent, and more extensive, MIS 2 (Pinedale; 29–14 ka) glaciation. Ziegler Reservoir lies beyond the Pinedale glacial extent, which allowed for the preservation of a long-lived sequence of eolian sediments deposited in a lacustrine environment that spans from late MIS 6 (ca. 140 ka) through early MIS 3 (ca. 55 ka). Sediments dating to MIS 4 exhibit a significant increase in clay-sized particles, suggesting that the source areas, most likely nearby glacio-fluvial deposits, were enriched with fine-grained material at that time. We hypothesize that the elevated clay content was the result of rock flour production by nearby valley glaciers that were active in the Rocky Mountains during MIS 4. The results of our study illustrate how recognizing indirect evidence of glacial activity can result in a more complete record of past climate conditions than what could be achieved by the study of moraines alone.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Denver Well Logging Society","usgsCitation":"Lagesse, J.H., 2021, The Denver Well Logging Society November 2021 Newsletter: From the VP - Technology: Denver Well Drilling Society Newsletter, no. November 2021, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-134544","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dwls.spwla.org/2021-11-Newsletter.html"}],"issue":"November 2021","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lagesse, Jenny H. 0000-0002-3541-4751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3541-4751","contributorId":248367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lagesse","given":"Jenny","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":827433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70229705,"text":"70229705 - 2021 - Causes, consequences, and conservation of ungulate migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-16T17:09:05.532326","indexId":"70229705","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T12:01:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":808,"text":"Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes, consequences, and conservation of ungulate migration","docAbstract":"Our understanding of ungulate migration is advancing rapidly due to innovations in modern animal tracking. Herein, we review and synthesize nearly seven decades of work on migration and other long-distance movements of wild ungulates. Although it has long been appreciated that ungulates migrate to enhance access to forage, recent contributions demonstrate that their movements are fine tuned to dynamic landscapes, where forage, snow, and drought change seasonally. Researchers are beginning to understand how ungulates navigate migrations, with the emerging view that animals blend gradient tracking with spatial memory, some of which is socially learned. Although migration often promotes abundant populations—with broad effects on ecosystems—many migrations around the world have been lost or are currently threatened by habitat fragmentation, climate change, and barriers to movement. Fortunately, new efforts that use empirical tracking data to map migrations in detail are facilitating effective conservation measures needed to maintain ungulate migration.","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012021-011516","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, M., Aikens, E., Esmaeili, S., Kaczensky, P., Middleton, A., Monteith, K., Morrison, T., Mueller, T., Sawyer, H., and Goheen, J., 2021, Causes, consequences, and conservation of ungulate migration: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, v. 52, p. 453-478, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012021-011516.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"478","ipdsId":"IP-128230","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/251267/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":397189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":202921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aikens, Ellen O.","contributorId":287807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aikens","given":"Ellen O.","affiliations":[{"id":12729,"text":"UW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esmaeili, Saeideh","contributorId":287842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Esmaeili","given":"Saeideh","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaczensky, Petra","contributorId":74623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaczensky","given":"Petra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Middleton, Arthur","contributorId":39274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Monteith, Kevin L.","contributorId":280167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monteith","given":"Kevin L.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morrison, Thomas A.","contributorId":272238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[{"id":56374,"text":"ug","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mueller, Thomas","contributorId":274278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":56593,"text":"Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sawyer, Hall","contributorId":39930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawyer","given":"Hall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Goheen, Jacob R.","contributorId":287808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goheen","given":"Jacob R.","affiliations":[{"id":12729,"text":"UW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70229504,"text":"70229504 - 2021 - Were humans and mammoths on the Channel Islands at the same time?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-14T16:56:11.848664","indexId":"70229504","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T11:52:51","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Were humans and mammoths on the Channel Islands at the same time?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Islands through time: A human and ecological history of California's northern Channel Islands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Rowman & Littlefield","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., 2021, Were humans and mammoths on the Channel Islands at the same time?, chap. of Islands through time: A human and ecological history of California's northern Channel Islands, p. 27-28.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"28","ipdsId":"IP-122621","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern Channel Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.54473876953125,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -119.40216064453126,\n 33.8521697014074\n ],\n [\n -119.40216064453126,\n 34.093610452768715\n ],\n [\n -120.54473876953125,\n 34.093610452768715\n ],\n [\n -120.54473876953125,\n 33.8521697014074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70225597,"text":"ofr20211082 - 2021 - Environmental DNA surveys of Burmese pythons in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-02T10:28:55.496708","indexId":"ofr20211082","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T11:42:44","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1082","displayTitle":"Environmental DNA Surveys of Burmese Pythons in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem","title":"Environmental DNA surveys of Burmese pythons in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem","docAbstract":"Improving the probability of detecting invasive giant snakes is vital for the management of emerging or established populations. Burmese pythons occupy thousands of square kilometers of mostly inaccessible habitats in Florida. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have been shown to be time and cost effective in a number of systems and may be preferable to traditional detection methods for constrictor snakes, having been shown to be effective at detecting Burmese pythons where traditional and novel detection methods have failed. The purposes of this study were (1) to estimate Burmese python eDNA occurrence in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem based on land-use type; and (2) to conduct preliminary surveys within the Greater Everglades Ecosystem for positive eDNA detections. Twenty-eight sites were sampled in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, with 5 field replicate samples per site, for a total of 140 water samples collected. Python eDNA was detected in samples from 25 of the 28 sites by using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction amplification. Abiotic parameters were collected and explored, but we found no conclusive relationship among them and python eDNA detections. eDNA monitoring of aquatic habitats can assist in identifying newly colonized areas where pythons have not been previously detected, as well as movement corridors and pathways of dispersal. This information could be used to delimit a population boundary as it expands further to the north in peninsular Florida.
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V.","contributorId":288228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lassiter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Massey, A.","contributorId":288235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Massey","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roberts, Caleb Powell 0000-0002-8716-0423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8716-0423","contributorId":288567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Caleb","email":"","middleInitial":"Powell","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Veon, J.","contributorId":288245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veon","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70226952,"text":"70226952 - 2021 - Mapping multivariate ore occurrence data with correspondence analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T17:02:47.589658","indexId":"70226952","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T10:55:44","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping multivariate ore occurrence data with correspondence analysis","docAbstract":"Correspondence analysis is a multivariate method that can be applied to mineral abundance data. 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","language":"English","publisher":"PAGES","doi":"10.22498/pages.29.2.92","usgsCitation":"Haywood, A.M., Dowsett, H.J., and PlioMIP1 and PlioMIP2 participants, 2021, PlioMIP: The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project: Past Global Changes Magazine, v. 29, no. 2, p. 92-93, https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.29.2.92.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-129726","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.29.2.92","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":394590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haywood, A. M.","contributorId":147374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":269579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"PlioMIP1 and PlioMIP2 participants","contributorId":271731,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"PlioMIP1 and PlioMIP2 participants","id":831309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70228783,"text":"70228783 - 2021 - Movement dynamics and survival of stocked Colorado River Cutthroat Trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-21T16:39:04.205486","indexId":"70228783","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T10:30:59","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement dynamics and survival of stocked Colorado River Cutthroat Trout","docAbstract":"The ability of native fish to establish self-sustaining populations when reintroduced to vacant habitats is variable. We evaluated factors that potentially affect the reintroduction success of juvenile Colorado River Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus that were reintroduced to an isolated watershed and were experiencing suboptimal survival and recruitment. We conducted a 3-year mark–recapture study to model annual apparent survival probability as it related to (1) different ex situ rearing strategies and (2) initial release among different habitat types. The use of PIT tags also enabled the quantification of loss via emigration. Apparent survival was highest for small fish that were minimally exposed to ex situ rearing conditions, stocked in small, headwater stream reaches. However, maximum estimates of apparent survival remained low (≤0.38 ± 0.05 [estimate ± SE]) regardless of rearing treatment, stocking location, or interactive effects between covariates. Emigration of stocked fish (<1%) from the study area did not appear to limit their establishment. Our results suggest that variation in stocking and rearing strategy may have some effect on translocation success and the interaction between rearing and stocking strategy highlights the importance of considering the life history stage of stocked individuals when identifying stocking sites. Consistently low annual survival values may be indicative of a larger issue, requiring in-depth evaluation of adaptive potential within our brood source and other factors that potentially limit population persistence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10322","usgsCitation":"LeCheminant, A.G., Barrile, G.M., Albeke, S., and Walters, A.W., 2021, Movement dynamics and survival of stocked Colorado River Cutthroat Trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 150, no. 6, p. 679-693, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10322.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"679","endPage":"693","ipdsId":"IP-114193","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Green River, LaBarge Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.48812866210938,\n 42.11248648904184\n ],\n [\n -110.05691528320311,\n 42.11248648904184\n ],\n [\n -110.05691528320311,\n 42.37021284789698\n ],\n [\n -110.48812866210938,\n 42.37021284789698\n ],\n [\n -110.48812866210938,\n 42.11248648904184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeCheminant, Alex G.","contributorId":279769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeCheminant","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrile, Gabriel M.","contributorId":270694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrile","given":"Gabriel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albeke, Shannon E.","contributorId":244121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albeke","given":"Shannon E.","affiliations":[{"id":48000,"text":"U Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248849,"text":"70248849 - 2021 - Appendix E: Mars nomenclature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-22T15:55:37.97716","indexId":"70248849","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T10:07:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Appendix E: Mars nomenclature","docAbstract":"This appendix provides an overview of the history and current standards for Mars geographic nomenclature. 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How these disturbances drive changes in the trophic structure of native food webs through time is poorly understood. Here, we quantify trophic disruption in freshwater food webs to invasion by an apex fish predator, lake trout, using an extensive stable isotope dataset across a natural gradient of uninvaded and invaded lakes in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Lake trout invasion increased fish diet variability (trophic dispersion), displaced native fishes from their reference diets (trophic displacement), and reorganized macroinvertebrate communities, indicating strong food web disruption. Trophic dispersion was greatest 25 to 50 y after colonization and dissipated as food webs stabilized in later stages of invasion (>50 y). For the native apex predator, bull trout, trophic dispersion preceded trophic displacement, leading to their functional loss in late-invasion food webs. 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","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2102179118","usgsCitation":"Wainright, C., Muhlfeld, C.C., Elser, J.J., Bourret, S., and Devlin, S.P., 2021, Species invasion progressively disrupts the trophic structure of native food webs: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 118, no. 45, e2102179118, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102179118.","productDescription":"e2102179118, 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125794","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":450302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102179118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":399671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.05957031249999,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -113.367919921875,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -113.367919921875,\n 49.01625665778159\n ],\n [\n -116.05957031249999,\n 49.01625665778159\n ],\n [\n -116.05957031249999,\n 46.73986059969267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wainright, Charles","contributorId":290594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wainright","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elser, James J. 0000-0002-1460-2155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1460-2155","contributorId":224787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elser","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40941,"text":"University of Montana Flathead Lake Biological Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bourret, Samuel 0000-0002-8521-1020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8521-1020","contributorId":290597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bourret","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52338,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Devlin, Shawn P.","contributorId":202757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devlin","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70230208,"text":"70230208 - 2021 - Diet composition of the African manatee: Spatial and temporal variation within the Sanaga River Watershed, Cameroon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-05T15:13:12.014826","indexId":"70230208","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T10:04:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet composition of the African manatee: Spatial and temporal variation within the Sanaga River Watershed, Cameroon","docAbstract":"The present study aimed to investigate the diet of African manatees in Cameroon to better inform conservation decisions within protected areas. 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We recorded a total of 36 plant species from fecal samples with a spatial and temporal distribution mostly reflecting that of the corresponding shoreline vegetation. African manatees appear to be primarily opportunistically feeding on available vegetation across the seasons and habitat. This work documents the current, but changing, state of plant availability in the Sanaga River Watershed and reports the African manatee diet in Cameroon for the first time. This information can play a critical role in successfully managing the species and these protected areas. If we wish to protect the African manatee and the aquatic ecosystems within the Sanaga River Watershed, we must understand how forage availability changes over time, especially as its waters become nutrient enriched, eutrophic, and exposed to invasive species of plants in a changing world.
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flow generated in Monterey Bay, California by the 2010 Chilean tsunami: Case study","docAbstract":"This work presents a case study involving the numerical simulation of the unsteady boundary layer generated by the 2010 Chilean tsunami, as measured by field equipment in Monterey Bay, California, USA. A one-dimensional vertical (1DV) boundary layer model is utilized, solving Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, coupled with two-equation k–ω turbulence closure. Local effects of convective acceleration (converging–diverging effects) on the boundary layer due to the sloping bed are likewise approximated. Four cases are considered involving simulation of: (1) the long tsunami-induced boundary layer flow in isolation, in combination with either (2) convective acceleration effects or (3) energetic short wind waves, and, finally, (4) all effects combined. Reasonable agreement with field measurements is achieved, with model results similarly showing that the tsunami-induced boundary layer in this case only spans a fraction of the local water depth. Systematic comparison of the various cases likewise elucidates the likely significance of both local converging–diverging effects, as well as interaction with the much shorter period wind waves, on the tsunami-generated boundary layer. In the latter case, analogy is drawn to well-known wave–current boundary layer interaction, with the boundary layer turbulence associated with the short wind waves inducing an effective wave roughness felt by the tsunami-induced flow, which effectively plays the role of the current.
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DSOS combined forces with the Aquatic Ecosystem MOdeling Network - Junior (AEMON-J; https://github.com/aemon-j) to host a 4-d “Hacking Limnology” Workshop Series prior to the summit (13–16 July 2021). The aim was to focus more deeply on skill development and networking among early career researchers (ECRs), both of which are key to growing a workforce of data-intensive aquatic scientists (López Moreira M et al. in press; Meyer et al. 2021a). To support ECRs further, we hosted a virtual job board, where participants could note if they were either looking for employment or hiring for a position. Like the 2020 summit, there was high enthusiasm for both the summit and the workshops. In total, 686 people from over 50 countries registered for the AEMON-J Workshop Series and the DSOS Summit. Countries with the highest number of registrants included the United States (41%), Nigeria (20%), Canada (6%), Brazil (6%), and Germany (5%) (Fig. 1). To increase accessibility, there were no registration costs for the workshops and summit, and we centralized introductory training materials, coding scripts, and presentation recordings in one community website (https://aquaticdatasciopensci.github.io/; Fig. 2), which we hope will continue to support the AEMON-J and DSOS communities over time.
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In particular, the incidence of Lyme disease, the major vector-borne disease in Rhode Island, has risen, along with cases of babesiosis and anaplasmosis, all vectored by the blacklegged tick. These increases might relate, in part, to climate change, although other environmental changes in the northeast (land use as it relates to habitat; vertebrate host populations for tick reproduction and enzootic cycling) also contribute. Lone star ticks, formerly southern in distribution, have been spreading northward, including expanded distributions in Rhode Island. Illnesses associated with this species include ehrlichiosis and alpha-gal syndrome, which are expected to increase. Ranges of other tick species have also been expanding in southern New England, including the Gulf Coast tick and the introduced Asian longhorned tick. 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Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mather, Thomas N.","contributorId":178310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mather","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeBrun, Roger A.","contributorId":70907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeBrun","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6922,"text":"University of Rhode Island","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":826178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70226476,"text":"70226476 - 2021 - Synthesis of data and studies relating to Delta Smelt biology in the San Francisco Estuary, emphasizing water year 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-19T13:59:19.266473","indexId":"70226476","displayToPublicDate":"2021-11-01T07:47:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5573,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"95","title":"Synthesis of data and studies relating to Delta Smelt biology in the San Francisco Estuary, emphasizing water year 2017","docAbstract":"In the San Francisco Estuary (SFE), the effects of freshwater flow on the aquatic ecosystem have been studied extensively over the years and remains a contentious management issue. It is especially contentious with regards to the Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a species endemic to the SFE that has been listed as threatened under the Federal Endangered Species Act and endangered by the State of California. Early studies of Delta Smelt distribution within the SFE suggested that Delta Smelt habitat is determined largely by freshwater flow; however, the exact mechanisms and processes producing such benefits remained unclear. In the summer of 2017, the Flow Alteration Management, Analysis, and Synthesis Team (FLOAT-MAST) was established to analyze, synthesize, and summarize the data collected from the various flow-related monitoring and special studies occurring in 2017(see Table Intro 4). This report will focus on the 2017 summer-fall status of Delta Smelt and its habitat following a record wet year.
There has been a long-term decline in the abundance of Delta Smelt associated with a decline in other pelagic fishes. Investigators concluded that the decline has likely been caused by the interactive effects of several causes, including changes in both physical and biotic habitats, many of which are tied to amount and timing of freshwater flow. For this report, we formulated a number of basic predictions about the likely effects of high flows in 2017 on Delta Smelt and their habitat (Table 3). We use a qualitative weight of evidence approach to evaluate whether these predictions were supported by available data. Data sources included a variety of long-term monitoring surveys conducted by Interagency Ecological Program (IEP) agencies, as well as model outputs.
Delta Smelt population, health, and life history metrics rarely responded as predicted. Water temperature appears to have a stronger effect on Delta Smelt growth rate and some metrics of life history diversity than outflow or X2 position. Other life history diversity attributes varied but did not appear to be driven by outflow or temperature. Health status was difficult to interpret. Low prevalence of lesions and improved nutritional condition during the drought was contradicted by declining overall population levels. Because of the sparse catches of Delta Smelt in the post-POD years, we consider the data insufficient to reach firm conclusions about the predictions concerning range and distribution of Delta Smelt, especially in the fall. The prediction of high survival was not supported. The 2017 Delta Smelt year class began with poor recruitment in spring of 2017 and below average survival for spring to summer and summer to fall. Thus, low production and low survival led to low abundance of all life stages. During the fall to winter period survival improved, yet the resulting adults were low in number. Foraging success of the fish captured, as measured by stomach fullness, was high for juveniles and adults in 2017 relative to recent years associated with the higher densities of common zooplankton prey that occurred in 2017.
In statistics, a realization is an observed value of a random variable (Gubner 2006). In mathematical geology, the most important realizations are those in the form of maps of spatially correlated regionalized variables.
Spatial description of random variables within complex domains and making certain decisions about those require complete knowledge of the attribute of interest at each point in space. However, it is virtually impossible to sample from every location within the domain to gain a complete spatial understanding of the random variables with certainty at different scales. Therefore, limited sampling leaves us with incomplete information, which is the source of uncertainty. Understanding the uncertainty and quantifying it are essential to minimize the risks of decision making. Geostatistical simulation techniques aim to quantify spatial uncertainty of random variables by numerically reproducing the reality, which we have limited knowledge of, in a discretized...
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-26050-7_269-1","usgsCitation":"Karacan, C.O., 2021, Realizations, chap. of Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26050-7_269-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127888","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karacan, C. Ozgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":201991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ozgen","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":826861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}