{"pageNumber":"452","pageRowStart":"11275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16504,"records":[{"id":27960,"text":"wri934147 - 1993 - Brine contamination of ground water and streams in the Baxterville oil field area, Lamar and Marion Counties, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-09T20:32:54.598216","indexId":"wri934147","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4147","title":"Brine contamination of ground water and streams in the Baxterville oil field area, Lamar and Marion Counties, Mississippi","docAbstract":"A hydrologic investigation to define the extent of brine contamination in \r\nground water and streams in the Baxterville oil field area was conducted from \r\nOctober 1984 through November 1985. The 260-square-mile study area \r\nincludes the Baxterville oil field (approximately 12.5 square miles) in \r\nsouthwestern Lamar and southeastern Marion Counties, Mississippi. Since \r\n1944, disposal of more than 1 billion barrels of brine pumped from the oil- \r\nproducing zones has contaminated (increased chloride to greater than \r\nbackground concentrations) parts of the Citronelle and shallow Miocene \r\naquifers and some streams that drain the oil field. Many domestic wells have \r\nbeen abandoned because of the presence of substantial quantities of brine in \r\nthe ground water. Brine has moved laterally through the shallowest aquifers \r\nand discharged into Clear Creek and its tributaries. Although the presence of \r\nbrine in surface water was greatest during periods of low flow when \r\nstreamflow originated primarily from ground-water inflow, brine was also \r\ndetected during high-flow periods when streamflow consisted largely of \r\nprecipitation runoff.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934147","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality Office of Pollution Control","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., 1993, Brine contamination of ground water and streams in the Baxterville oil field area, Lamar and Marion Counties, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4147, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934147.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424234,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47849.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56776,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4147/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4147/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Lamar County, Marion County","otherGeospatial":"Baxterville oil field area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.75,\n              30.9944\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.5425,\n              30.9944\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.5425,\n              31.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.75,\n              31.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.75,\n              30.9944\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27963,"text":"wri934099 - 1993 - Water quality of Corydon Reservoir before implementation of agricultural best-management practices in the basin, Wayne County, Iowa, September 1990 to September 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:37:32","indexId":"wri934099","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4099","title":"Water quality of Corydon Reservoir before implementation of agricultural best-management practices in the basin, Wayne County, Iowa, September 1990 to September 1991","docAbstract":"<p>A hydrologic investigation to define the water quality of Corydon Reservoir before implementation of agricultural best-management practices in the basin was conducted from September 1990 to September 1991. Runoff from the 1,680-acre basin is the primary source of water to the 58-acre reservoir. Current water quality of the reservoir is affected substantially by runoff from the agricultural basin. Total-solids, total-nitrogen, and total-phosphorus concentrations were largest during April through July 1991, the months of greatest rainfall. Herbicide concentrations increased substantially in June after application. The concentration of the sum of all triazines was greater than 50 micrograms per liter in one sample, with the predominant herbicides being atrazine and cyanazine. Atrazine concentrations, estimated from immunoassay, were greater than 8.0 micrograms per liter from June through September 1991 as a result of reservoir storage. Atrazine concentrations commonly were less at the surface than at depth. Algal populations remained constant even though nutrient concen- trations increased during the summer months. This may be due to the presence of suspended sediment that reduces light penetration and herbicides that inhibit photosynthesis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri934099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Geological Survey Bureau), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S., 1993, Water quality of Corydon Reservoir before implementation of agricultural best-management practices in the basin, Wayne County, Iowa, September 1990 to September 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4099, vi, 36 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934099.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56779,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Wayne County","otherGeospatial":"Corydon Reservoir basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.39855194091797,\n              40.72813686316017\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.39855194091797,\n              40.77846164090355\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.30327987670898,\n              40.77846164090355\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.30327987670898,\n              40.72813686316017\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.39855194091797,\n              40.72813686316017\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28339,"text":"wri934002 - 1993 - Hydrology and water quality of unmined and reclaimed basins in phosphate-mining areas, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri934002","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4002","title":"Hydrology and water quality of unmined and reclaimed basins in phosphate-mining areas, west-central Florida","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934002","usgsCitation":"Lewelling, B., and Wylie, R., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of unmined and reclaimed basins in phosphate-mining areas, west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4002, viii, 93 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934002.","productDescription":"viii, 93 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4002/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57149,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4002/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604bcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewelling, B. R.","contributorId":17969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewelling","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, R.W.","contributorId":53426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28617,"text":"wri934043 - 1993 - Hydrogeologic setting and hydrologic data of the Smoke Creek Desert basin, Washoe County, Nevada, and Lassen County, California, water years 1988-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri934043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4043","title":"Hydrogeologic setting and hydrologic data of the Smoke Creek Desert basin, Washoe County, Nevada, and Lassen County, California, water years 1988-90","docAbstract":"Smoke Creek Desert is a potential source of water for urban development in Washoe County, Nevada. Hydrogeologic data were collected from 1988 to 1990 to learn more about surface- and ground-water flow in the basin. Impermeable rocks form a boundary to ground-water flow on the east side of the basin and at unknown depths at the base of the flow system. Permeable volcanic rocks on the west and north sides of the basin represent a previously unrecognized aquifer and provide potential avenues for interbasin flow. Geophysical data indicate that basin-fill sediments are about 2,000 feet thick near the center of the basin. The geometry of the aquifers, however, remains largely unknown. Measurements of water levels, pressure head, flow rate, water temperature, and specific conductance at 19 wells show little change from 1988 to 1990. Chemically, ground water begins as a dilute sodium and calcium bicarbonate water in the mountain blocks, changes to a slightly saline sodium bicarbonate solution beneath the alluvial fans, and becomes a briny sodium chloride water near the playa. Concentrations of several inorganic constituents in the briny water near the playa commonly exceed Nevada drinking-water standards. Ground water in the Honey Lake basin and Smoke Creek Desert basin has similar stable-isotope composition, except near Sand Pass. If interbasin flow takes place, it likely occurs at depths greater than 400-600 feet beneath Sand Pass or through volcanic rocks to the north of Sand Pass. Measure- ments of streamflow indicate that about 2,800 acre-feet/year discharged from volcanic rocks to streamflow and a minimum of 7.300 acre-feet/year infiltrated and recharged unconsolidated sediments near Smoke, Buffalo, and Squaw Creeks during the period of study. Also about 1,500 acre-feet per year was lost to evapotranspiration along the channel of Smoke Creek, and about 1,680 acre-feet per year of runoff from Smoke, Buffalo, and Squaw Creeks was probably lost to evaporation from the playa.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934043","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., 1993, Hydrogeologic setting and hydrologic data of the Smoke Creek Desert basin, Washoe County, Nevada, and Lassen County, California, water years 1988-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4043, v, 45 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934043.","productDescription":"v, 45 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57444,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4043/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57445,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4043/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57446,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6278ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, D. K.","contributorId":37757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25594,"text":"wri914169 - 1993 - Hydrologic conditions in the upper Rockaway River basin, New Jersey, 1984-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri914169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4169","title":"Hydrologic conditions in the upper Rockaway River basin, New Jersey, 1984-86","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914169","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, F., Harte, P., Smith, J.A., and Kurtz, B.A., 1993, Hydrologic conditions in the upper Rockaway River basin, New Jersey, 1984-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4169, vi, 103 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914169.","productDescription":"vi, 103 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4169/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54337,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4169/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54338,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4169/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6113f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, F. L.","contributorId":91085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"F. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J. A.","contributorId":101646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurtz, B. A.","contributorId":47825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurtz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":28896,"text":"wri934052 - 1993 - Hydrology and water chemistry of shallow aquifers along the upper Clark Fork, western Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri934052","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4052","title":"Hydrology and water chemistry of shallow aquifers along the upper Clark Fork, western Montana","docAbstract":"Shallow ground-water resources in western Montana have been developed primarily in Quaternary alluvium and Tertiary deposits, although bedrock supplies water to wells locally. Well-yield and trans- missivity values were largest (medians of 40 gallons per minute and 970 feet squared per day, respec- tively) in alluvium and smallest (medians of 15 gallons per minute and 130 feet squared per day, respectively) in bedrock. Chemical composition of ground water was dominated by calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate derived from dissolution of carbonate minerals. Other water types may be the result of ion exchange (increased sodium) and mixing of geothermal water or leachate from mine wastes (increased sulfate). Although concen- trations of arsenic were relatively small (maximum of 20 micrograms per liter), they were somewhat larger in alluvium within 300 feet of the Clark Fork. Elevated concentrations of cadmium (maximum of 6 micrograms per liter) were measured in water from one well downgradient from tailings ponds. Although mining and smelting activities have resulted in widespread distribution of contami- nants in the Clark Fork valley, this study indicates that ground water contains elevated concentrations of trace elements only locally. Streamflow data indicate significant ground-water inflow to the Clark Fork in two reaches. Between Racetrack and Garrison, irrigation-return flow probably augments naturally occurring ground-water discharge. Between Jens and Cramer Creek, geo- thermal water from bedrock flows through alluvium to the river. In the Clark Fork, the maximum arsenic concentration was 8.1 micrograms per liter; copper and manganese concentrations were largest at Warm Springs (maximums of 14 and 350 micrograms per liter, respectively) and decreased downstream.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934052","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D., 1993, Hydrology and water chemistry of shallow aquifers along the upper Clark Fork, western Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4052, v, 63 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934052.","productDescription":"v, 63 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57771,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4052/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57772,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e83c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26018,"text":"wri924146 - 1993 - Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri924146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4146","title":"Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields","docAbstract":"A comprehensive hydrologic investigation of the Jackson area in Madison County, Tennessee, was conducted to provide information for the development of a wellhead-protection program for two municipal well fields. The136-square-mile study area is between the Middle Fork Forked Deer and South Fork Forked Deer Rivers and includes the city of Jackson.\r\n\r\nThe formations that underlie and crop out in the study area, in descending order, are the Memphis Sand, Fort Pillow Sand, and Porters Creek Clay. The saturated thickness of the Memphis Sand ranges from 0 to 270 feet; the Fort Pillow Sand, from 0 to 180 feet. The Porters Creek Clay, which ranges from 130 to 320 feet thick, separates a deeper formation, the McNairy Sand, from the shallower units. Estimates by other investigators of hydraulic conductivity for the Memphis Sand range from 80 to 202 feet per day. Estimates of transmissivity of the Memphis Sand range from 2,700 to 33,000 feet squared per day. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity for the Fort Pillow Sand range from 68 to 167 feet per day, and estimates of transmissivity of that unit range from 6,700 to 10,050 feet squared per day.\r\n\r\nA finite-difference, ground-water flow model was calibrated to steady-state hydrologic conditions of April 1989, and was used to simulate hypothetical pumping plans for the North and South Well Fields. The aquifers were represented as three layers in the model to simulate the ground-water flow system. Layer 1 is the saturated part of the Memphis Sand; layer 2 is the upper half of the Fort Pillow Sand; and layer 3 is the lower half of the Fort Pillow Sand.\r\n\r\nThe steady-state water budget of the simulated system showed that more than half of the inflow to the ground-water system is underflow from the model boundaries. Most of this inflow is discharged as seepage to the rivers and to pumping wells. Slightly less than half of the inflow is from areal recharge and recharge from streams. About 75 percent of the discharge from the system is into the streams, lakes, and out of the model area through a small quantity of ground-water underflow. The remaining 25 percent is discharge to pumping wells.\r\n\r\nThe calibrated model was modified to simulate the effects on the ground-water system of three hypothetical pumping plans that increased pumping from the North Well Field to up to 20 million gallons per day, and from the South Well Field, to up to 15 million gallons per day. Maximum drawdown resulting from the 20 million-gallons-per-day rate of simulated pumping was 44.7 feet in a node containing a pumping well, and maximum drawdown over an extended area was about 38 feet. Up to 34 percent of ground-water seepage to streams in the calibrated model was intercepted by pumping in the simulations. A maximum of 9 percent more water was induced through model boundaries.\r\n\r\nA particle-tracking program, MODPATH, was used to delineate areas contributing water to the North and South Well Fields for the calibrated model and the three pumping simulations, and to estimate distances for different times-of-travel to the wells. The size of the area contributing water to the North Well Field, defined by the 5-year time-of-travel capture zone, is about 0.8 by 1.8 miles for the calibrated model and pumping plan 1. The size of the area for pumping plan 2 is 1.1 by 2.0 miles and, for pumping plan 3, 1.6 by 2.2 miles. The range of distance for l-year time-of-travel to individual wells is 200 to 800 feet for the calibrated model and plan 1, and 350 to 950 feet for plans 2 and 3.\r\n\r\nThe size of the area contributing water to the South Well Field, defined by the 5-year time-of-travel capture zone, is about 0.8 by 1.4 miles for the calibrated model. The size of the area for pumping plans 1 and 3 is 1.6 by 2.2 miles and, for pumping plan 2, 1.1 by 1.7 miles. The range of distance for l-year time-of-travel to individual wells is 120 to 530 feet for the calibrated model, 670 to 1,300 feet for pumping plans 1 and 3, and 260 to 850 feet","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924146","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., 1993, Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4146, v, 54 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924146.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2020,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri924146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_92_4146.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Z. C.","contributorId":54587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29749,"text":"wri934076 - 1993 - Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN) Streamflow Data Set, 1874-1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T12:44:07","indexId":"wri934076","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4076","title":"Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN) Streamflow Data Set, 1874-1988","docAbstract":"The potential consequences of climate change to continental water resources are of great concern in the management of those resources. Critically important to society is what effect fluctuations in the prevailing climate may have on hydrologic conditions, such as the occurrence and magnitude of floods or droughts and the seasonal distribution of water supplies within a region. Records of streamflow that are unaffected by artificial diversions, storage, or other works of man in or on the natural stream channels or in the watershed can provide an account of hydrologic responses to fluctuations in climate. By examining such records given known past meteorologic conditions, we can better understand hydrologic responses to those conditions and anticipate the effects of postulated changes in current climate regimes. Furthermore, patterns in streamflow records can indicate when a change in the prevailing climate regime may have occurred in the past, even in the absence of concurrent meteorologic records. A streamflow data set, which is specifically suitable for the study of surface-water conditions throughout the United States under fluctuations in the prevailing climatic conditions, has been developed. This data set, called the Hydro-Climatic Data Network, or HCDN, consists of streamflow records for 1,659 sites throughout United States and its Territories. Records cumulatively span the period 1874 through 1988, inclusive, and represent a total of 73,231 water years of information. Development of the HCDN Data Set: Records for the HCDN were obtained through a comprehensive search of the extensive surface- water data holdings of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), which are contained in the USGS National Water Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE). All streamflow discharge records in WATSTORE through September 30, 1988, were examined for inclusion in the HCDN in accordance with strictly defined criteria of measurement accuracy and natural conditions. No reconstructed records of 'natural flow' were permitted, nor was any record extended or had missing values 'filled in' using computational algorithms. If the streamflow at a station was judged to be free of controls for only a part of the entire period of record that is available for the station, then only that part was included in the HCDN, but only if it was of sufficient length (generally 20 years) to warrant inclusion. In addition to the daily mean discharge values, complete station identification information and basin characteristics were retrieved from WATSTORE for inclusion in the HCDN. Statistical characteristics, including the monthly mean discharge, as well as the annual mean, minimum and maximum discharge values, were derived for the records in the HCDN data set. For a full description of the development and content of the Hydro-Climatic Data Network, please take a look at the HCDN Report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri934076","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.R., Lumb, A.M., and Landwehr, J., 1993, Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN) Streamflow Data Set, 1874-1988 (Revision - August 1993.): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4076, 1 computer laser optical disk 4 3/4 in.; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934076.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disk 4 3/4 in.; Metadata","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9733,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri934076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273822,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/hcdn.xml"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.0000,24.0000 ], [ -125.0000,50.0000 ], [ -66.0000,50.0000 ], [ -66.0000,24.0000 ], [ -125.0000,24.0000 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revision - August 1993.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6912dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, James Richard","contributorId":83905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lumb, Alan M.","contributorId":47792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumb","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landwehr, Jurate Maciunas","contributorId":106522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"Jurate Maciunas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29429,"text":"wri934139 - 1993 - Hydrology of Little Rock Lake in Vilas County, north-central Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T13:06:09","indexId":"wri934139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4139","title":"Hydrology of Little Rock Lake in Vilas County, north-central Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Water budgets were developed for Little Rock Lake for October 1983 through September 1990 as part of a study to evaluate the chemical and biological effects of artificially acidifying one basin of the two-basin lake. The 17.9-hectare seepage lake is situated in 60- to 90-meter-thick, predominantly sand and gravel glacial deposits of Vilas County, north-central Wisconsin. Annual precipitation during the study varied from 647 to 926 mm (millimeters). Average annual precipitation during 1951-80, based on nearby National Weather Service stations, was 825 mm. Annual evaporation from the lake surface ranged from 495 to 648 mm. Total lake-stage fluctuation was 930 mm during the study. Lake volume at the maximum stage was 31 percent greater than at the minimum lake stage. Inflow to the lake was dominated by precipitation, which was about 99 percent of total inflow. Ground-water inflow to the lake was transient, occurring only intermittently during October 1983 through September 1986, and amounted to only about 1 percent of total inflow. No ground water flowed into the lake from October 1986 through September 1990. Evaporation accounted for about two-thirds of total outflow from the lake, and lake water discharging to the underlying aquifer accounted for the remainder. The average hydraulic residence times for the 7-year study period were 3.9, 3.3, and 4 years for the entire lake, the south basin, and the north basin, respectively; corresponding chemical residence times were 10.9, 9.3, and 10 years.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Rose, W.J., 1993, Hydrology of Little Rock Lake in Vilas County, north-central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4139, v, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934139.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58277,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Little Rock Lake","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.9879,46.0971],[-88.9329,46.0746],[-88.9332,45.9822],[-89.0478,45.9822],[-89.0477,45.8953],[-89.1091,45.8973],[-89.1752,45.8993],[-89.1754,45.859],[-89.3008,45.8606],[-89.3007,45.9014],[-89.3628,45.8987],[-89.4256,45.8987],[-89.5498,45.8988],[-89.6741,45.8987],[-89.7571,45.8985],[-89.797,45.898],[-89.8199,45.8984],[-89.9212,45.8981],[-89.9846,45.8974],[-90.0428,45.8972],[-90.0442,45.9823],[-90.0134,45.9824],[-89.9853,45.9821],[-89.9289,45.9818],[-89.9282,46.0693],[-89.9288,46.1558],[-89.9287,46.2428],[-89.929,46.3],[-89.7599,46.268],[-89.7368,46.2636],[-89.5829,46.2347],[-89.5331,46.2252],[-89.5133,46.2215],[-89.4272,46.2048],[-89.3759,46.1949],[-89.2666,46.1737],[-89.2302,46.1662],[-89.0854,46.1365],[-88.9879,46.0971]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Vilas\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6048af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, W. J.","contributorId":14433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25384,"text":"wri934054 - 1993 - Age dating ground water by use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2), and distribution of chlorofluorocarbons in the unsaturated zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T19:51:26.562864","indexId":"wri934054","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4054","displayTitle":"Age dating ground water by use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl<sub>3</sub>F and CCl<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>), and distribution of chlorofluorocarbons in the unsaturated zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","title":"Age dating ground water by use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2), and distribution of chlorofluorocarbons in the unsaturated zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934054","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., Weeks, E., Plummer, N., and Bartholomay, R.C., 1993, Age dating ground water by use of chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2), and distribution of chlorofluorocarbons in the unsaturated zone, Snake River Plain Aquifer, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4054, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934054.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394684,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47780.htm"},{"id":54118,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4054/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.7139892578125,\n              43.11902898139767\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.225341796875,\n              43.11902898139767\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.225341796875,\n              44.19598988458207\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.7139892578125,\n              44.19598988458207\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.7139892578125,\n              43.11902898139767\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, E.P.","contributorId":38514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartholomay, R. C.","contributorId":66271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30414,"text":"wri914190 - 1993 - Ground-water hydrology of the lower Wolftever Creek basin, with emphasis on the Carson Spring area, Hamilton County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri914190","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4190","title":"Ground-water hydrology of the lower Wolftever Creek basin, with emphasis on the Carson Spring area, Hamilton County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"An investigation of the ground-water-flow system that supplies Carson Spring and the surrounding lower Wolftever Creek basin northeast of Chattanooga, Tennessee, was conducted from September 1986 through December 1989. About two-thirds of the lower basin is underlain by the Chepultepec Dolomite of Ordovician age. Test drilling within a few miles of the spring showed that numerous solution cavities have developed in this formation; many are partly or completely plugged with cherty gravels and mud. In the recharge area to the spring, the formation can provide yields of 100 to perhaps 600 gallons of water per minute to bedrock wells. A well that penetrated a well-integrated cavity system underlying Carson Spring was tested at 2,000 gallons per minute.\r\n\r\nFrom May 1987 through December 1989, mean daily withdrawals from four wells at Carson Spring ranged from 4.78 to 5.83 cubic feet per second; mean daily spring discharge, which includes withdrawals, ranged from 5.53 to 5.79 cubic feet per second. For a 16-month drought period during 1987 and 1988, withdrawals from these wells exceeded natural spring discharge, and demonstrates that for a period of many consecutive months, the aquifer supplying the spring is capable of yielding more water than the spring would have discharged under natural conditions.\r\n\r\nAlthough the lower basin encompasses 17 square miles, the Carson Spring recharge area probably is not greater than 9 square miles. Most water not captured by cavities supplying the spring is discharged to Wolftever Creek. In the lower basin, the rate of ground-water discharge to the creek is about twice the average rate of discharge (0.25 cubic foot per second per square mile of drainage area) to area streams.\r\n\r\nPrincipal constituents in ground water in the lower basin are calcium and bicarbonate, or calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. Specific conductance commonly ranges from 100 to 700 microsiemens per centimeter, and pH usually ranges from about 7 to 8. Overall, the ground water is of good quality and suitable for most uses. Several potential sources of degradation are present and arise from industrial, municipal, and domestic activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914190","usgsCitation":"Webster, D., and Carmichael, J.K., 1993, Ground-water hydrology of the lower Wolftever Creek basin, with emphasis on the Carson Spring area, Hamilton County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4190, v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914190.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2375,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_91_4190.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66842a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webster, D.A.","contributorId":44532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, J. K.","contributorId":90276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25605,"text":"wri934183 - 1993 - Hydrology of Park County, Wyoming, exclusive of Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri934183","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4183","title":"Hydrology of Park County, Wyoming, exclusive of Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"The climate of Park County, Wyoming, ranges from desert to alpine tundra. Average annual precipitation ranges from 6 to 40 inches. Ground water is present throughout most of the county, but supplies adequate for stock or domestic use are not readily available in areas of greatest need. The chemical quality of most of the water sampled was of suitable quality for livestock, but most of the water was not suitable for drinking, and the water from bedrock aquifers generally was not suitable for irrigation. Unconsolidated deposits are a principal source of ground water in the county. However, ground water is found in deposits topographically higher than stream level only where surface water has been applied for irrigation; those unconsolidated deposits beneath areas that are not irrigated, such as Polecat Bench, are dry. The conversion of irrigated land to urban development poses problems in some areas because yields of water-supply wells will be adversely affected by reduced recharge. The trend toward urban development also increases the risk of contamination of the ground water by septic tanks, petroleum products, and toxic and hazardous wastes. Perennial streams originate in the mountains and in areas where drainage from irrigated land is adequate to sustain flow. The average annual runoff from streams originating in the mountains is as large as 598 acre-feet per square mile, and the average annual runoff from streams originating in badlands and plains is as low as 14.8 acre-feet per square mile.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934183","usgsCitation":"Lowry, M., Smalley, M., Mora, K.L., Stockdale, R., and Martin, M., 1993, Hydrology of Park County, Wyoming, exclusive of Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4183, v, 67 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934183.","productDescription":"v, 67 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4183/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54348,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4183/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4183/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowry, M.E.","contributorId":55807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smalley, M.L.","contributorId":87585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalley","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mora, K. L.","contributorId":55008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stockdale, R.G.","contributorId":24384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdale","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, M.W.","contributorId":76785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":30146,"text":"wri934149 - 1993 - Geohydrologic framework and hydrologic conditions in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri934149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4149","title":"Geohydrologic framework and hydrologic conditions in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division ;\r\nCopies of this report can be purchased from: U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports, Federal Center,","doi":"10.3133/wri934149","usgsCitation":"Thorn, C.R., McAda, D.P., and Kernodle, J.M., 1993, Geohydrologic framework and hydrologic conditions in the Albuquerque Basin, central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4149, viii, 106 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934149.","productDescription":"viii, 106 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4149/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58958,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4149/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58959,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4149/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, C. R.","contributorId":100879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAda, D. P.","contributorId":93066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAda","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kernodle, J. M.","contributorId":81139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25801,"text":"wri924081 - 1993 - Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-28T10:11:05","indexId":"wri924081","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4081","title":"Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924081","usgsCitation":"Broshears, R.E., Bencala, K., Kimball, B.A., and McKnight, D.M., 1993, Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4081, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924081.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54545,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Saint Kevin 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A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":195131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25791,"text":"wri934024 - 1993 - Surface-water hydrology and quality, and macroinvertebrate and smallmouth bass populations in four stream basins in southwestern Wisconsin, 1987-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T20:39:13.004537","indexId":"wri934024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4024","title":"Surface-water hydrology and quality, and macroinvertebrate and smallmouth bass populations in four stream basins in southwestern Wisconsin, 1987-90","docAbstract":"<p>Data on streamflow, water quality, and macroinvertebrate and smallmouth bass (microptercus dolomieni) populations were collected from July 1987 through September 1990, in four streams in southwestern Wisconsin to determine the effect of surface-water hydrology and quality on populations of macroinvertebrates and smallmouth bass. The study was a joint project of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.</p>\n<p>Drought conditions greatly affected streamflows in southwestern Wisconsin throughout much of the period of study. Precipitation in all four basins in 1988 and 1989 was 9.91 to12.41 inches less than 1951-80 normal precipitation of 32.88 inches.</p>\n<p>The lowest annual mean discharge was recorded in water year 1988 at all of the streamflow- gaging stations except at Rattlesnake Creek, where annual mean discharge was lowest in water year 1990. Overland-flow runoff during the reproductive period of smallmouth bass (mid-May to mid-July) was 0.02 inch in 1988 at the Sinsinawa River and Rattlesnake Creek. Overland-flow runoff in the Little Platte River and the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River also was low in 1988 (0.03 inch and 0.04 inch, respectively) during the reproductive period of smallmouth bass. The trend of low overland-flow runoff continued in 1989; in water year 1990, however, overland-flow runoff during the reproductive period of smallmouth bass was 1.38 inches at Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River and 0.22 inch at Rattlesnake Creek.</p>\n<p>Turbidity ranged from 1.5 nephelometric turbidity units at Rattlesnake Creek to 3,700 nephelometric turbidity units at the Sinsinawa River. Suspended-solid concentrations ranged from 2 milligrams per liter at Rattlesnake Creek to a maximum 24,300 milligrams per liter at the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River. The high turbidities and suspended-solid concentrations, which occurred during storms, did not last for long periods of time and are not thought to have been harmful to the biota of the rivers.</p>\n<p>Un-ionized ammonia concentrations exceeded the State of Wisconsin, Department of Natural Resources' standard of 0.04 milligram per liter for warmwater streams at all four of the streams. The maximum concentration of un-ionized ammonia measured was 0.10 milligram per liter at Rattlesnake Creek and there was no discernible effects on smallmouth bass or macroinvertebrates.</p>\n<p>Dissolved-oxygen concentrations at all four study streams occasionally decreased to below or near the concentration of 1 milligram per liter considered necessary to sustain life of smallmouth bass. Two fish kills were documented as the result of low dissolved-oxygen concentrations. All of these episodes of low dissolved-oxygen concentrations occurred during or just after rainstorms and subsequent increasing streamflows.</p>\n<p>Samples of water-sediment mixture and bottom material were analyzed for pesticides commonly used in the basins. Samples from all of the stations had concentrations of herbicides that exceeded the analytical reporting limit. Water-sediment samples at the Sinsinawa River had the highest herbicide concentration. The concentration of metolachlor was the highest of the herbicides-- 110 micrograms per liter; concentrations of atrazine and cyanazine were next highest at 97 and 84 micrograms per liter, respectively.</p>\n<p>All of the water-sediment mixture samples had insecticide concentrations below the analytical reporting limit, with the exception of carbofuran. One water-sediment mixture sample collected at the Little Platte River had a carbofuran concentration of 0.44 microgram per liter. No pesticides were detected in the bottom-material samples collected at the four study streams.</p>\n<p>Richness of macroinvertebrate taxa did not differ substantially among the four streams during the study, but the abundances of several taxa differed significantly among streams. Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River had comparatively few midges but many caddisflies, whereas Rattlesnake Creek had many non-insect taxa and relatively few caddisflies. The Little Platte River had consistently high numbers of caddisflies, mayflies, and riffle beetles.</p>\n<p>Macroinvertebrate-community composition, as measured by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity coefficients, varied considerably over time within and among the streams. The macroinvertebrate community composition of the Little Platte River changed very little during the winter of 1987-88 as compared to the other streams, but the community composition of the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River changed substantially. The communities of Rattlesnake Creek and Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River became more similar to the community of the Little Platte River from fall 1987 through fall 1988, whereas the community in the Sinsinawa River remained distinct. &nbsp;</p>\n<p>Water quality, as estimated by biotic-index values, generally was better in the Little Platte River than in the other streams from fall 1987 through fall 1988. However, water quality appeared to have deteriorated (biotic-index values increased) in the Little Platte River during the winter of 1988-89. Water quality in the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River also deteriorated during the same period.</p>\n<p>The drought of 1988-89 and accompanying decrease in frequency of storms contributed to an uncharacteristically stable environment for macroinvertebrate development in most streams. Total taxa richness increased in three of the four streams. Total taxa richness did not increase in the Little Platte River, possibly because of moderate flooding that occurred prior to the spring 1989 sampling period or, more likely, because of changes in dissolved-oxygen concentrations. Although dissolved-oxygen concentrations were fairly similar in all streams, dissolved-oxygen concentrations were lower in 1989 in the Little Platte River than in other streams. The observed increase in biotic-index values in the Little Platte River during the spring of 1989 supports a decline in water quality.</p>\n<p>Smallmouth bass reproduction was related to precipitation and streamflow during the critical mid-May to mid-July reproductive period. Reproductive success was good (38-297 Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre) in 1988 and 1989 and poor (0-3 Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre) in 1987 and 1990. This pattern corresponded with total precipitation of less than 7 inches in May and June in 1988 and 1989 and greater than 7 inches in 1989 and 1990.</p>\n<p>In years when runoff exceeded 0.10 inch, only three or fewer Age 0 (smallmouth bass less than 1 year old) smallmouth bass per acre were caught in late summer to fall sampling surveys. In contrast, when overland runoff was less than 0.10 inch, 32 to 297 Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre were found in late summer or fall. The numbers of Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre were significantly different from each other at the 1 -percent probability level (p=0.0001). Smallmouth bass reproductive success indicated that smallmouth bass in these streams were extremely vulnerable to the amount of runoff during the early stage of their life.</p>\n<p>Low concentrations of dissolved oxygen constituted the most detrimental water-quality problem affecting smallmouth bass populations. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were occasionally less than 3 milligrams per liter, a dissolved-oxygen concentration that may be detrimental to early-life stages of smallmouth bass in the streams; however, smallmouth bass were apparently able to withstand these low dissolved-oxygen concentrations and seem to have survived in some situations when dissolved-oxygen concentration decreased to1 milligram per liter.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Graczyk, D., Lillie, R.A., Schlesser, R.A., Mason, J.W., Lyons, J.D., and Kerr, R.A., 1993, Surface-water hydrology and quality, and macroinvertebrate and smallmouth bass populations in four stream basins in southwestern Wisconsin, 1987-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4024, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934024.","productDescription":"viii, 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These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and quality of water provide the hydrologic information needed by State, local, and Federal agencies, and the private sector for developing and managing our Nation's land and water resources. Hydrologic data for Florida are contained in four volumes.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL922B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Florida and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Haire, W., and Lietz, A., 1993, Water Resources Data, Florida, Water Year 1992. Volume 2B. 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,{"id":54834,"text":"wdrNV921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Nevada, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-14T15:18:40.653529","indexId":"wdrNV921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NV-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Nevada, water year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>This report for Nevada is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey's surface-water and ground-water data-collection networks in each State, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streams, canals, drains and springs, lakes and reservoirs, and observation wells provide the hydrologic information needed by State, local, and Federal agencies and the private sector for developing and managing our Nation's land and water resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNV921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Nevada and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Hess, D., Mello, K., Sexton, R., and Young, R., 1993, Water resources data, Nevada, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NV-92-1, xvii, 511 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNV921.","productDescription":"xvii, 511 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,{"id":68171,"text":"ha722G - 1993 - Geohydrologic systems in Kansas, geohydrology of the Great Plains aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T19:42:57.588438","indexId":"ha722G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"722","chapter":"G","title":"Geohydrologic systems in Kansas, geohydrology of the Great Plains aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p>Sedimentary rocks of Late Cambrian through Early Cretaceous age in Kansas are part of a regional flow system of hydraulically connected aquifers and confining units. Future demands for water require that these deeply buried rocks be studied to describe hydrologic properties and ground-water-flow conditions and to provide information that will serve as the basis for decisions concerning the protection and the management of the water resources contained therein, Toward this end, the U.S. Geological Survey, as a part of its Central Midwest Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (CMRASA), began a 5-year hydrologic investigation of this regional flow system in Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas (Jorgensen and Signor, 1981).<br />This chapter is one of nine contained in Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-722, which present a description of the physical framework (Chapters B-F) and the geohydrology (Chapters G-I} of principal aquifers and confining systems in Upper Cambrian through Lower Cretaceous rocks in Kansas; the stratigraphic relations of these geohydrologic systems are discussed in detail in Chapter A (Wolf and others, 1990). This chapter (G) describes the geohydrology of the Great Plains aquifer system; the physical framework of the Great Plains aquifer system is presented in Chapter B (Spinazola and others, 1992).<br />The maps in this chapter are based on existing data from selected geophysical and lithologic logs, drill-stem tests, water-level measurements, water-quality analyses, and published maps of stratigraphically equivalent units. An index to the geohydrologic data compiled for the CMRASA in Kansas is presented in Spinazola and others (1987). For the most part, data used to construct the maps were collected over many years and do not reflect aquifer conditions for any specific time period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha722G","usgsCitation":"McGovern, H.E., and Wolf, R.J., 1993, Geohydrologic systems in Kansas, geohydrology of the Great Plains aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 722, 2 Plates: 53.17 × 37.60 inches and 49.47 × 42.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha722G.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 53.17 × 37.60 inches and 49.47 × 42.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410873,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16150.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/722g/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":266328,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/722g/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -97,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.04,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.04,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -97,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8df2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGovern, Harold E.","contributorId":9634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGovern","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, R. J.","contributorId":21518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":68382,"text":"ha726 - 1993 - Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44153,"text":"ofr90177 - 1990 - Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California,  and Washoe County, Nevada","indexId":"ofr90177","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California,  and Washoe County, Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68382,"text":"ha726 - 1993 - Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada","indexId":"ha726","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T20:04:26.234395","indexId":"ha726","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"726","title":"Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Honey Lake Valley straddles the State line of California and Nevada; it is about 35 mi north of Reno and about three-fourths of the area is in California. In this report, Honey Lake Valley (also referred to as &ldquo;the basin\") includes the entire area within the hydrographic boundary shown in figure 1. Susanville, Calif., in the northwestern part of the basin, is the largest town. Population is increasing rapidly in the Susanville area and in the Reno area of adjacent Washoe County, Nev. Lassen and Washoe Counties have identified water resources in Honey Lake Valley as a possible source to meet their needs for future development. An important component of an assessment of the availability of additional long-term supply is an appraisal of surface-water resources.<br />The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and the Nevada Division of Water Resources, began a hydrologic assessment of the area in 1987. The study was primarily an appraisal of ground-water resources, but it also included an assessment of surface-water resources. The purpose of this map report is to present the results of the surface-water assessment, including (1) a broad overview of surface-water conditions in the basin, (2) an estimate of mean annual streamflow to the valley floor, and (3) an evaluation of the characteristics of Honey lake. Results of the study related to ground-water resources of the basin are discussed in a separate report by Handman and others (1990) and are summarized in a short &ldquo;Water Fact Sheet&rdquo; by Handman (1990).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha726","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, G.L., 1993, Surface-water hydrology of Honey Lake Valley, Lassen County, California, and Washoe County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 726, 2 Plates: 45.36 × 33.11 inches and 41.99 × 26.85 iinches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha726.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 45.36 × 33.11 inches and 41.99 × 26.85 iinches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394907,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16155.htm"},{"id":266340,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/726/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":266339,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/726/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Lassen County, Washoe County","otherGeospatial":"Honey-Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.75,\n              39.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.875,\n              39.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.875,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.75,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.75,\n              39.875\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a73b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Gerald L.","contributorId":55401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":67167,"text":"i2005 - 1993 - Geologic map of upper Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related rocks in the Cascade Range, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T16:04:41","indexId":"i2005","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005","title":"Geologic map of upper Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related rocks in the Cascade Range, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1979 the Geothermal Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey has carried out a multidisciplinary research effort in the Cascade Range. The goal of this research is to understand the geology, tectonics, and hydrology of the Cascades in order to characterize and quantify geothermal resource potential. A major goal of the program is compilation of a comprehensive geologic map of the entire Cascade Range that incorporates modern field studies and that has a unified and internally consistent explanation.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>This map is one of a series presently being compiled that shows Cascade Range geology by fitting published and unpublished mapping into a province-wide scheme of lithostratigraphic units; map sheets of the Cascade Range in California and in Oregon complete the series. The complete series forms a guide to exploration and evaluation of the geothermal resources of the Cascade Range and will be useful for studies of volcanic hazards, volcanology, and tectonics.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>For geothermal reasons, the maps emphasize Quaternary volcanic rocks. Large igneous-related geothermal systems that have high temperatures are associated with Quaternary volcanic fields, and geothermal potential declines rapidly as age increases (Smith and Shaw, 1975). Most high-grade recoverable geothermal energy is likely to be associated with silicic volcanism less than 1 Ma. Lower grade (= lower temperature) geothermal resources may be associated with somewhat older rocks; however, volcanic rocks older than about 2 Ma are unlikely geothermal targets (Smith and Shaw, 1975).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2005","collaboration":"The digital database for this map is available as <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0842/\">USGS Data Series 842</a>","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., 1993, Geologic map of upper Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related rocks in the Cascade Range, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2005, Report: 19 p.; 2 Sheets: 173.33 x 150.68 inches and 27.25 x 40.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2005.","productDescription":"Report: 19 p.; 2 Sheets: 173.33 x 150.68 inches and 27.25 x 40.04 inches","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296285,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2005/"},{"id":296286,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2005/pdf/i2005_geomap_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"18.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296287,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2005/pdf/i2005_refmap_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"8.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107246,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10076.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10076"},{"id":256514,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2005/pdf/i2005_report.pdf","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2005/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1928","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,45.5 ], [ -123,49 ], [ -120,49 ], [ -120,45.5 ], [ -123,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68878f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":44534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":275697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17730,"text":"ofr92637 - 1993 - Study guide for a beginning course in ground-water hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-18T15:15:35.583187","indexId":"ofr92637","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-637","title":"Study guide for a beginning course in ground-water hydrology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92637","usgsCitation":"Franke, O., Reilly, T.E., Buxton, H., and Simmons, D.L., 1993, Study guide for a beginning course in ground-water hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-637, 128 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92637.","productDescription":"128 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1054,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/ofr_92-637/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":150556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franke, O.L.","contributorId":57082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franke","given":"O.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buxton, H. T.","contributorId":67873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simmons, D. L.","contributorId":105325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70208226,"text":"70208226 - 1993 - Proceedings of the symposium on restoration planning for the rivers of Mississippi River ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-31T09:32:29","indexId":"70208226","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T09:24:05","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5441,"text":"Biological Report","printIssn":"0895-1926","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Proceedings of the symposium on restoration planning for the rivers of Mississippi River ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>This volume presents over 25 papers containing the proceedings of a symposium held at the 122nd annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society in September 1992. The symposium was organised to review the status of fish and wildlife resources and restoration planning for the Mississippi river ecosystem. The objectives of the symposia were as follows: to present existing information of the biota and values associated with riverine resources throughout the basin; to identify existing or planned actions that might be useful for fisheries management in rivers within the basin and to identify minimal requirements for the restoration of important fish stocks, other aquatic resources and entire ecosystems. Papers included in this issue cover the following topics: thee impacts of altered hydrologic sediment and organic matter cycles; the availability of woody debris in the river cross-section, loss of floodplain and side-arm connection, and changing water quality.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Hesse, L.W., Stalnaker, C., Benson, N.G., and Zuboy, J., 1993, Proceedings of the symposium on restoration planning for the rivers of Mississippi River ecosystem, v. 19, 502 p. .","productDescription":"502 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":371799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Basin ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.04394531249999,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1865234375,\n              30.637912028341123\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.8349609375,\n              32.62087018318113\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.6279296875,\n              36.63316209558658\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9912109375,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.453125,\n              41.27780646738183\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.1123046875,\n              41.541477666790286\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.177734375,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4189453125,\n              41.27780646738183\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              41.73852846935917\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.6376953125,\n              44.18220395771566\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.8017578125,\n              46.164614496897094\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5048828125,\n              47.100044694025215\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6357421875,\n              48.8936153614802\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.974609375,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2138671875,\n              48.8936153614802\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.7197265625,\n              45.98169518512228\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.9853515625,\n              40.01078714046552\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.3154296875,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.0869140625,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04394531249999,\n              29.49698759653577\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hesse, L. W.","contributorId":66620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesse","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stalnaker, C.B.","contributorId":25087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stalnaker","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benson, N. G.","contributorId":9593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zuboy, J. R.","contributorId":84295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuboy","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185443,"text":"70185443 - 1993 - Adaptive estimation of the log fluctuating conductivity from tracer data at the Cape Cod Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T15:41:22","indexId":"70185443","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive estimation of the log fluctuating conductivity from tracer data at the Cape Cod Site","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content mainAbstract\"><p>An adaptive estimation scheme is used to obtain the integral scale and variance of the log-fluctuating conductivity at the Cape Cod site based on the fast Fourier transform/stochastic model of Deng et al. (1993) and a Kalmanlike filter. The filter incorporates prior estimates of the unknown parameters with tracer moment data to adaptively obtain improved estimates as the tracer evolves. The results show that significant improvement in the prior estimates of the conductivity can lead to substantial improvement in the ability to predict plume movement. The structure of the covariance function of the log-fluctuating conductivity can be identified from the robustness of the estimation. Both the longitudinal and transverse spatial moment data are important to the estimation.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR02480","usgsCitation":"Deng, F., Cushman, J., and Delleur, J., 1993, Adaptive estimation of the log fluctuating conductivity from tracer data at the Cape Cod Site: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 12, p. 4011-4018, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR02480.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"4011","endPage":"4018","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.7958984375,\n              41.672911819602085\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9334716796875,\n              41.672911819602085\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.9334716796875,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7958984375,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7958984375,\n              41.672911819602085\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3de4b0236b68f98ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deng, F.W.","contributorId":189654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deng","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cushman, J.H.","contributorId":113886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delleur, J.W.","contributorId":189655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delleur","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185445,"text":"70185445 - 1993 - Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as dating tools and hydrologic tracers in shallow groundwater of the Delmarva Peninsula, Atlantic Coastal Plain, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:25:58","indexId":"70185445","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl<sub>3</sub>F and CCl<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>) as dating tools and hydrologic tracers in shallow groundwater of the Delmarva Peninsula, Atlantic Coastal Plain, United States","title":"Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as dating tools and hydrologic tracers in shallow groundwater of the Delmarva Peninsula, Atlantic Coastal Plain, United States","docAbstract":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: left;\"><span>Concentrations of the Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) CFC-11 and CFC-12 were determined in groundwater from coastal plain sediments of the Delmarva Peninsula. CFC-modeled ages were calculated independently for CFC-11 and CFC-12, and agreed to within 2–3 years in the majority of the waters. Recharge temperatures, determined from dissolved nitrogen and argon concentrations, varied from 9±2°C over most of the peninsula to 14±2°C at the southernmost tip of the peninsula in Virginia. The CFC-modeled ages were examined in relation to the known hydrogeologic environment, both on regional scales and in more intensively sampled local scale networks. The CFC-modeled recharge years and measured tritium concentrations were used to reconstruct a tritium input function that was compared to the modeled tritium plus&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He distribution. Most of the present distribution of tritium in Delmarva groundwater is consistent with low dispersivities. The results of the study strongly support the use of CFCs for dating shallow, aerobic groundwater.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR02073","usgsCitation":"Dunkle, S., Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Phillips, P.J., Denver, J.M., Hamilton, P.A., Michel, R.L., and Coplen, T., 1993, Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as dating tools and hydrologic tracers in shallow groundwater of the Delmarva Peninsula, Atlantic Coastal Plain, United States: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 12, p. 3837-3860, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR02073.","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"3837","endPage":"3860","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.7781982421875,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0638427734375,\n              39.7240885773337\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3165283203125,\n              39.20671884491848\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4483642578125,\n              38.805470223177466\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2615966796875,\n              38.16911413556086\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.025390625,\n              37.05079312980657\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.43212890625,\n              37.13404537126446\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0091552734375,\n              38.58252615935333\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.11352539062499,\n              38.91240739487225\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.552978515625,\n              39.52946653645165\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4705810546875,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4156494140625,\n              39.812755695478124\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.574951171875,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6683349609375,\n              39.825413103424786\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.772705078125,\n              39.740986355883564\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7781982421875,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3ce4b0236b68f98ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunkle, S.A.","contributorId":11248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunkle","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamilton, P. A.","contributorId":7247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70169050,"text":"70169050 - 1993 - Hydrologic and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T11:53:59","indexId":"70169050","displayToPublicDate":"1993-11-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Selected herbicides, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) metabolites, and NO</span><sup>&minus;</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;were examined in near-surface unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers in the midcontinental USA to study the hydrogeologic, spatial, and seasonal distribution of these contaminants. Groundwater samples were collected from 303 wells during the spring and late summer of 1991. At least one herbicide or atrazine metabolite was detected in 24% of the samples collected for herbicide analysis (reporting limit 0.05&nbsp;</span><i>&micro;</i><span>g/L). No herbicide concentration exceeded the USEPA's maximum contaminant level (MCL) or health advisory level. The most frequently detected compound was the at razine metabolite deethylatrazine [2-amino-4-chloro-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] followed by atrazine, deisopropylatrazine [2-amino-4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine], prometon (2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methyoxy-s-triazine), metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1methylethyl)acetamide], alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], metribuzin [4-amino-6-(</span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl)-3-methylthio-</span><i>as</i><span>-triazine-5(4H)-one], simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine], and cyanazine [2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile]. Nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen (N), exceeding 3.0 mg/L (excess NO</span><sup>&minus;</sup><sub>3</sub><span>), was found in 29% of the samples, and 6% had&nbsp;</span><sup>&minus;</sup><sub>3</sub><span>exceeding the MCL of 10 mg/L. Ammonium as N was detected in excess of 0.01 mg/L in 78% of the samples. A nonlinear increase in the frequency of atrazine detection occurred with decreases in reporting limit. The frequency of atrazine residue detection (atrazine + deethylatrazine + deisopropylatrazine) was 25% greater than for atrazine alone. Herbicide detections and excess NO</span><sup>&minus;</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;were notably lacking in the eastern part of the study region where it was estimated that herbicide and fertilizer use were among the largest in the region. Prometon, the second most frequently detected herbicide, was associated with non-agricultural land use. Herbicide and excess NO</span><sup>&minus;</sup><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;were more frequent in unconsolidated aquifers than in bedrock aquifers. Aquifer depth, as direct measurement of proximity to recharge sources, was inversely related to frequency of herbicide detection and excess NO</span><sup>&minus;</sup><sub>3</sub><span>.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040002x","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M.R., and Kolpin, D.W., 1993, Hydrologic and land-use factors associated with herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifers: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 4, p. 646-656, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200040002x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"656","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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